taxonID	type	description	language	source
E56987BFFFA8FFDE9E110A31FBD4FCDF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Rhinoxenus piranhus Kritsky, Boeger & Thatcher, 1988, from Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 (Characidae). OTHER SPECIES INCLUDED. — Rhinoxenus arietinus Kritsky, Boeger & Thatcher, 1988 from Leporinus agassizii Steindachner, 1876, L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1849, L. friderici friderici (Bloch, 1794), L. lacustris Amaral Campos, 1945, L. obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1836), Schizodon altoparanae Garavello & Britski, 1990, S. borellii (Boulenger, 1990), S. fasciatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829, Schizodon sp. and Rhytiodus argenteofuscus Kner, 1858 (Anostomidae); R. bulbovaginatus Boeger, Domingues & Pavanelli, 1995 from Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) (Characidae); R. nyttus Kritsky, Boeger & Thatcher, 1988 from Schizodon fasciatus and Schizodon sp. (Anostomidae); R. piranhus from Prystobricon sp., Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1836 and S. spilopleura Kner, 1858 (Characidae); R. anaclaudiae n. sp., from Triportheus cf. nematurus, Triportheus sp. and Brycon sp. (Characidae); R. curimbatae n. sp., from Prochilodus cf. lineatus (Prochilodontidae); R. euryxenus n. sp. from Serrasalmus gouldingi Fink & Machado Allison, 1992, S. marginatus, S. rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766), S. spliopleura, S. striolatus Steindachner, 1908 (Characidae), Leporinus agassizii (Anostomidae); R. guianensis n. sp., from Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766) (Curimatidae); and several undeterminate Rhinoxenus species from Hydrolicus scomberoides (Cuvier, 1816) (Cynodontidae).	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA8FFDE9E110A31FBD4FCDF.taxon	description	EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. — Dactylogyridae. Body divid- ed into cephalic region, trunk, haptor (peduncle absent). Tegument smooth. Cephalic lobes, head organs, cephalic glands present. Eyes four. Pharynx muscular, glandular; intestinal ceca two, confluent in posterior trunk, lacking diverticula. Gonads overlapping; testis dorsal to germarium. Common genital pore near bifurcation of intestinal caeca. Vas deferens looping left intestinal cecum; seminal vesicle a dilation of vas deferens. Copulatory complex comprising a sclerotized male copulatory organ (MCO), accessory piece; MCO a coiled tube with counterclockwise rings (Kritsky et al. 1985, 1988), with conical base surrounded by two circular sclerotized tandem brims; proximal brim articulated to copulatory ligament of accessory piece. Copulatory ligament lying within rings of MCO; distal portion of the accessory piece expanded. Vagina sclerotized, sinistral, proximal portion of vagina with one or more loops. Seminal receptacle present. Vitellaria follicular. Haptor with 14 hooks, having ancyrocephaline distribution (Mizelle 1936); hook comprising shank of two subunits; pair of ventral anchors, a pair of spike-like dorsal anchors; ventral bar; dorsal bar absent. Parasites of the nasal cavity of the Neotropical characiform fishes.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA8FFDE9E110A31FBD4FCDF.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The general features of the internal morphology of Rhinoxenus species are well documented by Kritsky et al. (1988) and Boeger et al. (1995). Diagnostic features of the genus include: 1) presence of dorsal anchor modified into a spike-like sclerite; 2) absence of dorsal bar; 3) presence of hook from pair 2 located in two bilateral lobes of the trunk; and 4) two circular sclerotized tandem brims on the base of the MCO. The original diagnosis of Rhinoxenus does not include the two circular tandem sclerotized brims associated with the base of the MCO. These structures have been reported in species of Dawestrema (Kritsky et al. 1985) and of Cacatuocotyle (Boeger et al. 1997) but probably represent independent evolutionary events. Thus, the presence of these brims is considered a synapomorphy for Rhinoxenus. Kritsky et al. (1988) report that species of Rhinoxenus present all hooks with shank inflated proximally. Rhinoxenus curimbatae n. sp. is the only species of the genus that does not present this character. However, the absence of the shank inflation seems to be a second autapomorphic loss.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA9FFDB9E600FB1FB09F93F.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 A, B)	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA9FFDB9E600FB1FB09F93F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HOST AND LOCALITY. — Nasal cavities of Pygocentrus nattereri (Characidae): Ilha Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 21. IX. 1983, 15. VIII. 1984, 14. IX. 1985, 25 - 26. XI. 1984. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Brazil. Rio Capucapu, Cachoeira das Garças, near Manaus, Amazonas, from Pristobrycon sp. (Characidae), 1. XI. 1989, voucher specimens (INPA 446). — Rio Paraná, near Porto Rico, Paraná, from Serrasalmus marginatus (Characidae), 1992, voucher specimens (INPA 445); same locality, from Serrasalmus spilopleura (Characidae), 1992, voucher specimens (INPA 444). — Rio Uatumã, Lago Tapana, Santa Anna, Amazonas, from Serrasalmus spilopleura (Characidae), 2 - 3. XI. 1989, voucher specimens (INPA 441 a-f; MNHN 173 HG-T 1 216 - 216 bis; USNPC 95241). French Guiana. Lagoa Manga, igarapé Tapardou, from Pygocentrus nattereri (Characidae), 15 - 16. X. 1996, voucher specimens (INPA 442 a-b; MNHN 174 HG-T 1 217; USNPC 95242); same locality, from Serrasalmus spilopleura (Characidae), 15 - 16. X. 1996, voucher specimens (INPA 443; MNHN 175 HG-T 1 217 bis). PREVIOUS RECORD. — Furo do Catalão, near Manaus Amazonas, Brazil from Pygocentrus nattereri (Characidae), 27. XI. 1984. COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS. — See Tables 1 and 2. REMARKS Rhinoxenus piranhus was adequately described as the type species of the genus by Kritsky et al. (1988). However, the MCO and the vaginal vestibule were redrawn for comparative purposes.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFADFFD49C5509D1FD6AF93F.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 F)	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFADFFD49C5509D1FD6AF93F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HOST AND LOCALITY. — Nasal cavity of Schizodon fasciatus (Anostomidae), Ilha Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 25. XI. 1983 (Kritsky et al. 1988). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Brazil. Rio Capucapu, Cachoeira das Garças, Manaus, Amazonas, from Leporinus agassizii (Anostomidae), 30. X. 1989, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36282 a-b). — Rio Paraná, Porto Rico, Paraná, from Leporinus elongatus (Anostomidae), 1992, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36283 a-b; INPA 429; MNHN HG-T 1 205 - 205 bis); same locality, from Leporinus obtusidens (Anostomidae), 1992, voucher specimens (INPA 428 a-c; MNHN HG-T 1 204 - 240 bis; USNPC 95231). — Rio Paraná, Ressaco do pau véio, Porto Rico, Paraná, from Leporinus elongatus (Anostomidae), 1992, voucher specimens (INPA 430 a-c); from Leporinus elongatus (Anostomidae), 17. VI. 1996, voucher specimens (USNPC 95232). — Rio Tibagi, near Jataizinho, Paraná, from Leporinus elongatus (Anostomidae), 28 - 29. V. 1997, voucher specimens (CHIOC 35284 a-c; INPA 431 a-c; USNPC 95233); same locality, from Leporinus obtusidens, 28 - 29. V. 1997, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36307 a-d; MNHN 164 HG-T 1 206 - 206 bis). — Reservatório de Itaipu, Foz do Iguassu, Paraná, from Leporinus friderici friderici (Anostomidae), 15. XI. 1996, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36286 a-b; INPA 432; USNPC 95234); same locality, from Schizodon sp. (Anostomidae), 15. XI. 1996, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36291 a-c; INPA 426 a-b; MNHN 161 HG-T 1 203 - 203 bis; USNPC 95229). — Rio Paraná, near Porto Rico, Paraná, from Leporinus friderici friderici (Anostomidae), 1993, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36285 a-b; MNHN 165 HG-T 1 207); same locality, from Leporinus lacustris (Anostomidae), 1993, vouch- er specimens (CHIOC 36287 a-b; INPA 427; USNPC 95230); same locality, from Schizodon altoparanae (Anostomidae), 1993, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36288 a-c; INPA 424 a-b; MNHN 158 HG-T 1 201 - 201 bis; USNPC 95227); same locality, from Schizodon borelli (Anostomidae), 1992, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36289 a-b; INPA 422; USNPC 95224 - 95226); same locality, from Schizodon borelli (Anostomidae), 1993, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36290 a-c; INPA 423 a-c; MNHN 156 HG-T 1 198 bis- 199 - 199 bis, 157 HG-T 1 200 - 200 bis); same locality, from S. knerii (Steindachner, 1875) (Anostomidae), 1993, voucher specimens (USNPC 95228). PREVIOUS RECORD. — Aquarium INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil from Rhytiodus argenteofuscus (Anostomidae), 8. II. 1984 (Kritsky et al. 1988).	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFADFFD49C5509D1FD6AF93F.taxon	description	COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS. — See Tables 3 and 4.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFADFFD49C5509D1FD6AF93F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Rhinoxenus arietinus is known from nine species of Leporinus, Schizodon, and Rhytiodus. Leporinus elongatus and L. obtusidens are reported as hosts in two different localities (both in the Rio Paraná and Rio Tibagi, PR, Brazil). Kritsky et al. (1988) considered the occurrence of Rhinoxenus arietinus in Rhytiodus argenteofuscus as accidental. However, this parasite occurs in other anostomids, and thus, it seems to represent a parasite specific to this family. The specimens analyzed herein do not differ significantly from those described by Kritsky et al. (1988). However, the proximal projection of the accessory piece, that surrounds the first ring of the MCO (Kritsky et al. 1988: figs 11, 12), was not observed herein, and the two tandem b r i m s a s s o c i a t e d t o t h e b a s e o f t h e M C O (Fig. 1 F) were not described by Kritsky et al. (1988). The measurements of the sclerotized structures of the present material do not differ from those presented in the original description. Rhinoxenus arietinus differs from the other species of the genus by possessing two posterior muscular lobes on the haptor and a ventral anchor with a conspicuous superficial and deep root.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA0FFD79DBB0F71FF67F93F.taxon	biology_ecology	HOST AND LOCALITY. — Nasal cavities of Salminus brasiliensis (Characidae), Rio Paraná, near Porto Rico, Paraná, Brazil.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA0FFD79DBB0F71FF67F93F.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Brazil. Rio Miranda, Passo do Lontra, Mato Grosso do Sul, from Salminus brasiliensis (Characidae), 5. VIII. 1998, voucher specimens (INPA 421 a-c; MNHN 155 HG-T 1 197 - 197 bis- 198; MZUSP 5934 a-b; USNPC 95223).	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA0FFD79DBB0F71FF67F93F.taxon	description	MEASUREMENTS. — Copulatory organ ring diameter 27 (21 - 37; n = 5); ventral anchor 121 (117 - 122; n = 5) long, 32 (30 - 32; n = 5) wide; dorsal anchor 129 (125 - 132; n = 5) long; 5 (n = 5) wide; ventral bar 64 (60 - 67; n = 5) long; 12 (n = 5) wide; hook pair 1 37 (36 - 38; n = 2); hook pair 2 33 (30 - 35; n = 4); hook pair 3 48; hook pair 4 52; hook pair 5 45; hook pair 6 51; hook pair 7 49 (47 - 52; n = 3).	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA0FFD79DBB0F71FF67F93F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Rhinoxenus bulbovaginatus is characterized by possessing the point of the ventral anchor in the shape of a “ fish-hook ”; posterolateral expansions in the ventral bar for articulation to the ventral anchor; and vagina sclerotized with cup-shape vestibule.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA0FFD69E100F71FEB9FBDF.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 C-E)	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA0FFD69E100F71FEB9FBDF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HOST AND LOCALITY. — Nasal cavities of Schizodon fasciatus (Anostomidae), Ilha Marchantaria, Rio Solimões, near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 25. XI. 1983. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Brazil. Usina Hidrelétrica de ITAIPU, Foz do Iguassu, Paraná, from Schizodon sp. (Anostomidae), 15. X. 1996, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36292 a-c; INPA 433; MNHN 167 HG-T 1 208 - 208 bis; USNPC 95235). — Rio Capucapu, Cachoeira das Garças, near Manaus, Amazonas, from Leporinus agassizii (Anostomidae), 30. X. 1989, voucher specimens (INPA 434; USNPC 95236). COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS. — See Table 5.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA0FFD69E100F71FEB9FBDF.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Rhinoxenus nyttus is apparently restricted to members of Anostomidae. The specimens analyzed here are similar to those described by Kritsky et al. (1988), except by the possession of a more extensive sclerotized cap on the root ventral anchor (Fig. 1 E). The original description does not mention the presence of the brims of the MCO, observed in all studied specimens (Fig. 1 C, D). Parasites of each host species present little variation in size in almost all the analyzed structures.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA0FFD69E100F71FEB9FBDF.taxon	description	Rhinoxenus nyttus is characterized by possessing a ventral bar with lateral projections that serve as articulation to the ventral anchor; long chaliceshape vaginal vestibule; and ventral anchor with wavy point, representing 1 / 3 of the total length of the anchor.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA1FFD19D8A08B1FEE9FC9F.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA1FFD19D8A08B1FEE9FC9F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype (CHIOC 36300); 23 paratypes (CHIOC 36301 a-e; INPA 439 a-g; MNHN 171 HG-T 1 212 - 212 bis- 213; MZUSP 5933 a-h; USNPC 95239).	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA1FFD19D8A08B1FEE9FC9F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The species is named after Dr Ana Claudia dos Santos Brasil, a specialist of Polychaeta.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA1FFD19D8A08B1FEE9FC9F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HOST AND LOCALITY. — Nasal cavities of Triportheus cf. nematurus (Characidae), Rio Miranda, Passo do Lontra, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 30. XI. 1996. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Brazil. Rio Miranda, Passo do Lontra, Mato Grosso do Sul, from Brycon sp. (Characidae), 5. VIII. 1998, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36302). — Baía da Medalha, Rio Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, from Triportheus sp. (Characidae), 4. VIII. 1998, voucher specimens (INPA 440 a-d; MNHN 172 HG-T 1 214 - 214 bis- 215; USNPC 95240). COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS. — See Table 6.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA1FFD19D8A08B1FEE9FC9F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Body pyriform, 254 (n = 1) long; greatest width 98 (n = 1) at body midlength. Cephalic lobes poorly developed; three pairs of cephalic organs; c e p h a l i c g l a n d s p o s t e r o l a t e r a l t o p h a r y n x. Members of posterior pair of eyes larger, closer than those of anterior pair; eye granules elongate. Pharynx 19 (18 - 20; n = 5) in diameter. Haptor subtriangular, 71 (n = 1) long, 57 (n = 1) wide. Ventral anchor with inconspicuous roots, sclerotized cap of base with projection for articulation to ventral bar, shaft evenly curved, point short, strongly recurved. Dorsal anchor with blunt proximal end, pointed distal end, terminations with conspicuous sclerotized caps. Ventral bar flattened, with slightly thickened ends. Hook pair 2 with erect thumb, lightly curved shaft, short point, proximal 3 / 4 of shank inflated; filamentous hook (FH) loop extended to near beginning of shank dilation; remaining hooks with erect thumb, long shaft, lightly curved, shank inflated proximally; FH loop extended to near beginning of shank dilation. Male copulatory organ a coiled tube with approximately two rings. Testis oval, 54 (43 - 64; n = 2) long, 24 (n = 1) wide; seminal vesicle fusiform. Germarium 49 (42 - 54; n = 4) long, 29 (26 - 34; n = 4) wide. Ootype, uterus not observed. Vagina sclerotized, proximally wide, tapering distally, distal loop; vaginal vestibule sclerotized, cup shaped. Seminal receptacle pyriform. Large dorsal prostate. Vitellaria coextensive with cecae; vitelline commissure anterior to germarium. Egg not observed.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA1FFD19D8A08B1FEE9FC9F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Rhinoxenus anaclaudiae n. sp. differs from its congeners in possessing a ventral anchor with evenly curved and short shaft and strongly recurved point. Rhinoxenus anaclaudiae n. sp. is apparently restricted to members of Characoidea (sensu Buckup 1998).	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD19D870F71FB97FCFF.taxon	description	(Fig. 3 A-F) TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype (CHIOC 36303); paratypes (CHIOC 36304 a-b; INPA 419; MNHN 153 HG-T 1 195).	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD19D870F71FB97FCFF.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the local name of the host, “ curimbatá ”.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD19D870F71FB97FCFF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HOST AND LOCALITY. — Nasal cavities of Prochilodus cf. lineatus (Prochilodonidae), Represa Capivari-Cachoeira, Municipality of Campina Grande do Sul, metropolitan area of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 15. III. 1995.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD19D870F71FB97FCFF.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Body 700 (n = 1) long; greatest width 130 (n = 1) at body midlength. Eyes usually present, equidistant; eye granules elongate. Pharynx spherical, 30 (n = 1) in diameter. Haptor subtrapezoidal, 82 (n = 1) long, 75 (n = 1) wide. Ventral anchor 50 (42 - 56; n = 5) long, base 42 (30 - 53; n = 4) wide, superficial, roots inconspicuous, base with sclerotized cap articulated with ventral bar, knoblike projection on base, short recurved shaft, elongate straight point. Dorsal anchor 50 (31 - 59; n = 4) long, base 4 (3 - 5; n = 4) wide, robust, with blunt proximal end, straight shaft, distal end diagonally truncated. Ventral bar 42 (30 - 53; n = 1) long with expanded ends. Hooks 14 (11 - 17; n = 15) long, similar in shape, truncate thumb, evenly curved shaft, point, shank without inflation, FH loop extending to half of shank. Male copulatory organ a coiled tube with approximately 3.5 rings; greatest ring 27 (24 - 29; n = 4) in diameter; copulatory ligament twisted. Gonads, ootype, uterus, seminal receptacle not observed. Vagina sclerotized; distal portion tubular, sinuous; proximal end wide; vaginal vestibule heavily sclerotized, cup-shaped. Egg not observed.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD19D870F71FB97FCFF.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Rhinoxenus curimbatae n. sp. resembles R. nyttus based on the morphology of the MCO. However, it differs from this and other species of the genus by possessing dorsal anchors with distal end diagonally truncated, ventral anchors with short recurved shafts and elongate straight points, heavily sclerotized cup-shaped vaginal vestibule, and hooks with shanks not inflated.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD09E480F91FEEFFC1F.taxon	description	(Fig. 3 G-M)	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD09E480F91FEEFFC1F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype (CHIOC 36305); paratypes (CHIOC 36306 a-d; INPA 420; MNHN 154 HG-T 1 196; USNPC 95222).	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD09E480F91FEEFFC1F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the type locality from which the species was collected.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD09E480F91FEEFFC1F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HOST AND LOCALITY. — Nasal cavities of Curimata cyprinoides (Curimatidae), Iracoubo, Degrad Forian, French Guiana, 8 - 10. X. 1996.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD09E480F91FEEFFC1F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Eyes usually present, equidistant, members of posterior pair closer than those of anterior pair; eyes granules elongate. Ventral anchor delicate, 115 (106 - 125; n = 5) long, base 19 (15 - 22; n = 3) wide, roots inconspicuous; base with sclerotized cap articulated to ventral bar; straight shaft, point short, truncated, golf-club shaped. Dorsal anchor delicate, slender, 98 (95 - 100; n = 5) long; with blunt proximal, distal ends, slightly sinuous shaft; each end with conspicuous sclerotized cap. Ventral bar 35 (34 - 38; n = 5) long. Hook pair 2 21 (20 - 23; n = 4) long, erect thumb, shaft, point evenly curved, proximal 2 / 3 of shank inflation; FH loop extending to near beginning of shank dilation. Hook pairs 1, 3 - 7 22 (20 - 24; n = 3) long, elongate, erect thumb, lightly curved shaft, short point, proximal 2 / 3 of shank inflated; FH loop extending to near beginning of shank dilation. Male copulatory organ a coiled tube with approximately 1.5 rings, 15 (14 - 17; n = 4) in diameter. Gonads, ootype, uterus, seminal receptacle not observed. Vagina sclerotized; with a subterminal loop, distally expanded; vestibule sclerotized, cup-shaped. Eggs not observed.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA6FFD09E480F91FEEFFC1F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS All specimens of Rhinoxenus guianensis n. sp. were mounted in Hoyer’s medium. Measurements and description of internal organs, therefore, are limited. The new species differs from all other congeneric species by possessing ventral anchors with straight shafts, short, truncated, club-shaped points and dorsal anchors with distal portions truncated and curved.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA7FFD29DBF0FF1FC22F93F.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA7FFD29DBF0FF1FC22F93F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype (CHIOC 36293); 7 paratypes (CHIOC 36294 a-g; INPA 435 a-c; MNHN 168 HG-T 1 209 - 209 bis).	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA7FFD29DBF0FF1FC22F93F.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific ephitet is from Greek (eury = broad + xen / o = guest) and refers to the wide occurrence of this parasite within Serrasalminae.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA7FFD29DBF0FF1FC22F93F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HOST AND LOCALITY. — Nasal cavities of Serrasalmus marginatus (Characidae), Baía da Medalha, Rio Paraná, Matogrosso do Sul, Brazil, 18. VI. 1996. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Brazil. Rio Uatumã, lago Tapana, Santa Anna, Amazonas, from Serrasalmus gouldingi (Characidae), 2 - 3. XI. 1989, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36297). — Rio Miranda, Passo do Lontra, Mato Grosso do Sul, from Serrasalmus marginatus (Characidae), 31. XI. 1996, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36299). — Baía da Medalha, Rio Paraná, Matogrosso do Sul, from Serrasalmus marginatus (Characidae), 18 - 19. VI. 1996, voucher specimens (INPA 436 a-b; MNHN 169 HG-T 1 210 - 210 bis; USNPC 95237). — Rio Iatapu, lago Maracanã, Manaus, Amazonas, from Serrasalmus rhombeus (Characidae), 2. XI. 1989, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36296; INPA 437 a-b; MNHN 170 HG-T 1 211; USNPC 95238). — Rio Paraná, near Porto Rico, Paraná, from Serrasalmus spilopleura (Characidae), 1992, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36298). — Rio Capucapu, near the confluence of the Rio Jatapu, Cachoeira das Garças, Amazonas, from Serrasalmus striolatus (Characidae), 31. XI. 1989, voucher specimens (CHIOC 36295); same locality, from Leporinus agassizii (Anostomidae), 31. XI. 1989, voucher specimens (INPA 438 a-b).	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA7FFD29DBF0FF1FC22F93F.taxon	description	COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS. — See Tables 7 and 8. DESCRIPTION Body fusiform, 607 (480 - 720; n = 10) long; greatest width 176 (150 - 210; n = 9) at body midlength. Cephalic lobes poorly developed; three pairs of cephalic organs; cephalic glands posterolateral to pharynx. Eyes equidistant; members of anterior pair smaller than those of posterior pair; eye granules elongate. Pharynx spherical, 42 (35 - 54; n = 11) in diameter. Haptor subtrapezoidal, 96 (64 - 115; n = 11) long, 115 (86 - 140; n = 11) wide. Ventral anchor with inconspicuous roots; base with sclerotized cap articulated with ventral bar; shaft recurved near midlength; point with saucer-like termination. Dorsal anchor with blunt proximal end covered by conspicuous sclerotized cap, straight shaft, tapered distal end. Ventral bar with expanded ends, irregularly sclerotized. Hook pair 2 robust, lying in small lobes on posterior trunk, with thumb erect, robust, shaft short, evenly short curved point; proximal 3 / 4 of shank inflated; FH loop extending to near beginning of shank dilation. Hooks pairs 1, 3 - 7 with erect thumb, delicate evenly curved shaft, short point; proximal 4 / 5 of shank long inflated; FH loop extending to near beginning of shank dilatation. Male copulatory organ a coiled tube with approximately 1.5 to 2 rings; copulatory ligament twisted. Testis elongate, 120 (n = 1) long, 25 (n = 1) wide; seminal vesicle fusiform; prostate in two dorsolateral fields. Germarium elongate, 63 (56 - 70; n = 2) long, 32 (29 - 37; n = 2) wide. Ootype, uterus not observed. Vagina sclerotized, distal portion with loop; vestibule sclerotized, cup-shaped, often everted (Fig. 4 B). Seminal receptacle elongate. Vitellaria coextensive with cecae; vitelline commissure anterior to germarium. Egg not observed.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
E56987BFFFA7FFD29DBF0FF1FC22F93F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Rhinoxenus euryxenus n. sp. closely resembles R. piranhus based on the morphology of MCO and point of the ventral anchor. The new species, however, differs from R. piranhus by possessing ventral anchors with shafts strongly recurved near midlength (relatively straight shaft in R. piranhus) and lacking the small terminal protuberances on the ventral bar as described by Kritsky et al. (1988: fig. 4) for R. piranhus. Rhinoxenus euryxenus n. sp. appears ubiquitous to fishes belonging to Serrasalmus. The occurrence of R. euryxenus n. sp. on Leporinus agassizii (Anostomidae) is considered accidental.	en	Domingues, Marcus V., Boeger, Walter A. (2005): Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species. Zoosystema 27 (3): 441-467, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402419
