identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E57D87B7FFF4FFF4FF71FC687E2EFC38.text	E57D87B7FFF4FFF4FF71FC687E2EFC38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphlonurus chankae Tshernova 1952	<div><p>Siphlonurus chankae Tshernova, 1952</p><p>Figures 1–2</p><p>Siphlonurus chankae Tshernova, 1952: 263 (male and female imago, from Russia).</p><p>Siphlonurus chankae: Kluge 1985: 13 (adult re-description, lectotype designation); Tshernova et al. 1986: 126 (first record from China); Bae et al. 1994: 44 (catalogue); Bae &amp; Yoon 1997: 50 (catalogue); Hwang &amp; Bae 2001: 45 (first description of nymph); Quan et al. 2002: 257 (list); Bauernfeind &amp; Soldán 2012: 70 (description of nymph and subimago); Zhou 2013: 204 (list); Zhou et al. 2015: 254 (list).</p><p>Material examined: 4 nymphs, 1♀ imago, 1♂ imago, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Wuying Forest</a> Park, Fenglin County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Yichun City</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 48.204776°N, 129.209142°E, ca. 300 m, 17–20.VII.2024, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Dewen Gong</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Xuhongyi Zheng</a>; 3 nymphs, 8♀ imagos, 2♂ imagos, 2♂ subimagos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Laocaohe</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Mohe City</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Daxinganling District</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 52.833392°N, 122.591656°E, ca. 480 m, 16–19.VII.2024, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Xinhe Qiang</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Ningning Wang</a>, and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Yuxian Sun</a>; 10 nymphs, 9♀ imagos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Dalin River</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Mohe City</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Daxinganling District</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 52.968586°N, 122.269555°E, ca. 470 m, 16–19.VII.2024, Xinhe Qiang, Ningning Wang, and Yuxian Sun .</p><p>Description: see Kluge (1985, adult), Hwang &amp; Bae (2001, nymph) and Bauernfeind &amp; Soldán (2012, nymph and subimago).</p><p>Distribution: China (Heilongjiang Province); Korea; Russia; Mongolia.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Mature nymph: body length ranges from 13.0 to 15.0 mm, wingpads without spots (Figs 1A, B). Length ratio of first segment of maxillary palp to galea-lacinia 1.0: 1.0, inner margin of maxillary palp segment II straight (Fig. 1C). Posterolateral spines on terga I–IX gradually larger from anterior to posterior, length ratio of posterolateral spine on tergum IX to its tergum = 1.0: 4.0 (Figs 1D–F). Each abdominal sternum with inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 1B). Posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX slightly convex (Figs 1E, F). Both dorsal surface and posterior margin of tergum X with stout and pointed spine-like setae, lateral margins lack (Fig. 1G). Outer margins of dorsal and ventral lamellae of both gills I and II concave, costal rib of dorsal lamella in gill II shorter than half of anterior margin (Figs 1H, I). Outer and posterior margins of gill III concave (Fig. 1J). Proximal plate of gill VII well developed (Fig. 1K).</p><p>Male imago: Body length 16.0–18.0 mm, wings transparent. Forelegs entirely brown, midlegs and hindlegs entirely yellowish (Figs 2A–C). Each abdominal sternum with an inverted U-shaped marking, posterolateral spines of abdominal segments VIII and IX relatively small (Figs 2D–G). Inner margin of basal segment of forceps with projection, length of penis subequal to styliger (Figs 2D, E). Dorsal elongation of penis curved with enlarged base and outer margin with about 3 small spines basally, dorsal sclerotized transverse band of penis without expansion, two penis lobes distinctly separated, each with concave tip, ventral side with translucent membranous projection, inner margin with 4–6 small spines, outer margin concave (Figs 2H–J).</p><p>Female imago: Body length 15.0–17.0 mm, wings transparent. Color pattern similar to male. Each abdominal sternum with inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 2K); sternum VII extended posteriorly into triangular lobe, sternum VIII with pair of depressed funnel-shaped sclerotized line (Fig. 2 L).</p><p>Remarks. The male genitalia of this species are similar to those of S. immanis because of elongated penal lobe. However, both nymph and adults of them possess distinct diagnostic characteristics. The morphological differences in mature nymph are: (1) this species is significantly smaller than S. immanis; (2) posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX in this species is slightly convex (Figs 1E, F), whereas in S. immanis, it is relatively straight; (3) posterolateral spines of abdominal sterna in this species are relatively small, with a length ratio of spine to sternum of 1.0: 4.0 (Figs 1D–F). In contrast, posterolateral spines in S. immanis are larger, with a length ratio to sternum of 1.0: 2.0.</p><p>The diagnostic characteristics of male adults mainly differ in: (1) in this species, the dorsal elongation of penis is curved, with an expanded base and approximately three small spines on outer margin (Fig. 2J). In contrast, dorsal elongation of penis in S. immanis is slender and smooth, lacking spines; (2) posterolateral spines of abdominal terga VIII and IX in this species are relatively small (Figs 2D, E), whereas in S. immanis, these spines are highly developed, being broad and sharply pointed.</p><p>Nymph of this species is almost identical in all characteristics to that of S. zhelochovtsevi, except for the maxillary palps (see remarks section of S. zhelochovtsevi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E57D87B7FFF4FFF4FF71FC687E2EFC38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Qiang, Xin-He;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Qiang, Xin-He, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): The species diversity and phylogeny of the genus Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 from China (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1
E57D87B7FFF7FFF9FF71FB847CFEFB62.text	E57D87B7FFF7FFF9FF71FB847CFEFB62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphlonurus davidi (Navas 1932)	<div><p>Siphlonurus davidi (Navás, 1932)</p><p>Figures 3–4</p><p>Siphluriscus? davidi Navás, 1932: 929 (male subimago, from Sichuan Province, China).</p><p>Siphluriscus davidi: Wu 1935: 251; Gui 1985: 80.</p><p>Siphlonurus davidi: Zhou &amp; Peters 2003: 346; Sartori &amp; Peters 2004: 2 (type re-description); Han et al. 2016: 38 (adult and nymph, re-description); Zhou 2013: 204 (list); Zhou et al. 2015: 254 (list); Yang et al. 2023: 121 (comparison).</p><p>Material examined: 65 nymphs, 3♀ imagos, 1♂ imago, Jiuzhaigou <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.52108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.1715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.52108/lat 33.1715)">Valley</a> Scenic and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.52108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.1715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.52108/lat 33.1715)">Historic Interest Area</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.52108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.1715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.52108/lat 33.1715)">Aba Tibetan</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.52108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.1715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.52108/lat 33.1715)">Qiang Autonomous Prefecture</a>, Sichuan Province, 33.159°N, 103.901°E, ca. 2400 m, 6–7.VII.2013, Beixing Wang, Yun He, and Guangba Li; 130 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.52108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.1715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.52108/lat 33.1715)">Jiuzhaigou Valley</a> Scenic and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.52108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.1715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.52108/lat 33.1715)">Historic Interest Area</a>, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, 33.159°N, 103.901°E, ca. 2400 m, 9–12.VII.2019, Beixing Wang, Xinyu Ge, and Yu Wang; 1♀ imago, 1♂ imago, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.52108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.1715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.52108/lat 33.1715)">Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.52108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.1715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.52108/lat 33.1715)">Historic Interest Area</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.52108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.1715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.52108/lat 33.1715)">Aba Tibetan</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.52108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.1715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.52108/lat 33.1715)">Qiang Autonomous Prefecture</a>, Sichuan Province, 33.1715°N, 103.52108°E, ca. 2400 m, 6.VII.2023, Mengyao Li .</p><p>Description: see Han et al. (2016).</p><p>Distribution: China (Sichuan).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Mature nymph: Body length 13.0–17.0 mm, wingpads with spots (Figs 3A, B). Length ratio of first segment of maxillary palp to galea-lacinia about 1.0: 1.0, inner margin of maxillary palp segment II straight (Fig. 3C). Posterolateral spines on terga I–IX gradually larger from anterior to posterior, length ratio of posterolateral spine on tergum IX to its tergum = 1.0: 2.0 (Figs 3D–F). Each abdominal sternum with pair of fused reddish-brown oblique stripes (Fig. 3B). Posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX distinctly convex (Figs 3E, F). Both dorsal surface and margins of tergum X with stout and pointed spine-like setae (Fig. 3G). Outer margins of dorsal lamellae of both gills I and II straight while those of ventral lamellae concave, costal rib of dorsal lamella in gill II longer than half of anterior margin (Figs 3H, I). Outer and posterior margins of gill III straight, proximal plate of gill VII well developed (Figs 3J, K).</p><p>Male imago: Body length 13.0–16.0 mm, forewing with dark brown crossveins and large dark brown spots between C and Rs 1, distal half of hindwing light brown with a spot near middle of R 1 and a brown stripe near forking point of MA. Forelegs entirely brown, midlegs and hindlegs entirely light brown (Figs 4A–C). Anterior and lateral margins of each abdominal sternum darker (Fig. 4D). Posterolateral spines of abdominal segments VIII and IX relatively small (Figs 4D–G). Inner margin of basal segment of forceps without projection, length of penis subequal to styliger (Figs 4F, G). Dorsal elongation of penis straight and spineless with sclerotized outer margin, dorsal sclerotized transverse band of penis without expansion, each penis lobe tip with brown sclerotized plates, length of two penis lobes ca. 1.1x width (Figs 4H, I).</p><p>Female imago: Body length 15.0–16.0 mm, wings with brown stripe and dots. Color pattern similar to male. Sternum VII extended posteriorly into a rectangular lobe, sternum VIII with a pair of reddish-brown stripe (Fig. 4J).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>For morphological comparison of three closely related species ( S. davidi, S. dongxi, and S. orientalis sp. nov.) see remarks of S. orientalis sp. nov.</p><p>Three diagnostic characteristics proposed by Yang et al. (2023) for distinguishing between S. dongxi and S. davidi appear to be problematic: (1) Sclerotization of penis lobe: Yang et al. (2023) proposed that two elongations on transverse sclerite of penis lobes could serve as a diagnostic feature for male S. dongxi . However, further observations reveal that dorsal sclerotization pattern of penis lobes is similar across all three species ( S. davidi, S. dongxi, and S. orientalis sp. nov.). This pattern includes a pair of rounded sclerotized plates and a medially convex transverse sclerotized band, and each rounded plate with a small apical elongation (Fig. 4H); (2) Posterolateral spines on tergum IX in male adults: While Yang et al. (2023) proposed that male imagos of S. dongxi can be distinguished from S. davidi by well-developed posterolateral spines on tergum IX, our observations indicate that all three species ( S. dongxi, S. davidi, and S. orientalis sp. nov.) exhibit relatively small spines compared to S. immanis . (3) Posterolateral spines on terga in nymph: Yang et al. (2023) stated that posterolateral spines on the terga of S. dongxi nymph are restricted to segments II–IX, but this may require reconsideration. All reported Siphlonurus nymph in China possess posterolateral spines on abdominal terga I–IX. Additionally, posterolateral spines of these three species ( S. davidi, S. dongxi, and S. orientalis sp. nov.) are relatively large, with a spine-to-tergum IX length ratio of approximately 1.0: 2.0.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E57D87B7FFF7FFF9FF71FB847CFEFB62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Qiang, Xin-He;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Qiang, Xin-He, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): The species diversity and phylogeny of the genus Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 from China (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1
E57D87B7FFFAFFFEFF71FAB87E27FEC8.text	E57D87B7FFFAFFFEFF71FAB87E27FEC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphlonurus dongxi Li & Tong 2023	<div><p>Siphlonurus dongxi Li &amp; Tong, 2023</p><p>Figures 5–6</p><p>Siphlonurus dongxi Li &amp; Tong (in Yang et al. 2023: 121, all stages, from Yunnan Province, China).</p><p>Material examined: 2 nymphs, 1♀ imago, 1♂ imago, 1♀ subimago, 1♂ subimago, two exuviae of nymphs, Shangri La, Diqing Prefecture, Yunnan Province, 17.VI.2022, Xianfu Li .</p><p>Description: see Yang et al. (2023).</p><p>Distribution: China (Yunnan Province).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Mature nymph: Body length 14.0–17.0 mm, wingpads with spots (Figs 5A, B). Length ratio of first segment of maxillary palp to galea-lacinia about 1.0: 1.3, inner margin of maxillary palp segment II straight (Fig. 5C). Posterolateral spines on terga I–IX gradually larger from anterior to posterior, length ratio of posterolateral spine on tergum IX to its tergum = 1.0: 2.0 (Figs 5D–F). Each abdominal sternum with two pairs of spots, smaller pair located centrally and larger pair located at posterior corners, small and large spots often fused (Fig. 5B). Posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX distinctly convex (Figs 5E, F). Both dorsal surface and margins of tergum X with stout and pointed spine-like setae (Fig. 5G). Outer margins of dorsal and ventral lamellae of both gills I and II straight, costal rib of dorsal lamella in gill II longer than half of anterior margin (Figs 5H, I). Outer and posterior margins of gill III straight, proximal plate of gill VII well developed (Figs 5J, K).</p><p>Male imago: Body length 17.5 mm, forewing with dark brown crossveins and large dark brown spots between C and Rs 1, distal half of hindwing light brown with spot near middle of R 1 and brown stripe near forking point of MA. All legs generally pale yellow, but ends of femur, tibia, and each tarsal segment noticeably darker, appearing brown (Figs 6A–C). Each sternum with pair of dark brown stripes near center, each stripe consisting of central spot and large spot at posterior corner (Fig. 6D). Posterolateral spines of abdominal segments VIII and IX relatively small. Inner margin of basal segment of forceps with projection, penis longer than styliger (Figs 6E–G). Dorsal elongation of penis straight, spineless, and entirely sclerotized, dorsal sclerotized transverse band of penis without expansion, inner margin of each penis lobe with brown groove, length of two penis lobes ca. 1.2x width (Figs 6H, I).</p><p>Female imago: Body length 17.0 mm, wings with brown stripe and dots. Color pattern similar to male. Sternum VII extended posteriorly into rectangular lobe, sternum VIII with pair of brown stripe (Fig. 6J).</p><p>Remarks: For morphological comparison of three closely related species ( S. davidi, S. dongxi, and S. orientalis sp. nov.) see remarks of S. davidi and S. orientalis sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E57D87B7FFFAFFFEFF71FAB87E27FEC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Qiang, Xin-He;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Qiang, Xin-He, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): The species diversity and phylogeny of the genus Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 from China (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1
E57D87B7FFFDFFFEFF71FED47DF0F8B4.text	E57D87B7FFFDFFFEFF71FED47DF0F8B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphlonurus immanis Kluge 1985	<div><p>Siphlonurus immanis Kluge, 1985</p><p>Figures 7–8</p><p>Siphlonurus chankae: Bajkova, 1979: 53 (nec Siphlonurus chankae Tshernova, 1952) (nymph from Russia).</p><p>Siphlonurus immanis Kluge 1985: 18 (imagos and nymph from Russia); Hwang &amp; Bae 2001: 47 (nymph); Quan et al. 2002: 258 (first record from China); Tiunov &amp; Tiunova 2007: 23; Zhou 2013: 204 (list); Zhou et al. 2015: 254 (list).</p><p>Material examined: 15 nymphs, Sanbao Village, Songfengshan Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Acheng District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Harbin City</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 1.IV.2023, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Qiang Dong</a>; 200 nymphs, 20 nymph exuviae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Erdaohzi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Sanbao Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Songfeng Mountain Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Acheng District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Harbin City</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 45.245339°N, 127.263786°E, ca. 260 m, 27–28.IV.2024, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Xinhe Qiang</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Muhe Deng</a>, and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Mengyao Li</a>; 5 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Dashihe</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Xinxing Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Acheng District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Harbin City</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 45.233113°N, 127.154525°E, ca. 370 m, 29.IV.2024, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Xinhe Qiang</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Muhe Deng</a>, and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Mengyao Li</a>; 3 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Tangwanghe</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Haolianghe Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Nancha District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Yichun City</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 46.431801°N, 129.374393°E, ca. 110 m, 4.V.2024, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Xinhe Qiang</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Muhe Deng</a>, and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Mengyao Li</a>; 100 nymphs, 50 nymph exuviae, 60 ♀ imagos, 28 ♂ imagos, Erdaohzi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Sanbao Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Songfeng Mountain Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.26379&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.24534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.26379/lat 45.24534)">Acheng District</a>, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 45.245339°N, 127.263786°E, ca. 260 m, 23–29.V.2024, Xinhe Qiang and Xiaofang Chen .</p><p>Description: see Kluge (1985, adult and nymph) and Hwang &amp; Bae (2001, nymph).</p><p>Distribution: China (Heilongjiang Province); Korea; Russia; Mongolia.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Mature nymph: Body length 18.0–25.0 mm, wingpads without spots (Figs 7A, B). Length ratio of first segment of maxillary palp to galea-lacinia about 1.0: 1.0, inner margin of maxillary palp segment II straight (Fig. 7C). Posterolateral spines on terga I–IX gradually larger from anterior to posterior, length ratio of posterolateral spine on tergum IX to its tergum = 1.0: 2.0 (Figs 7D–F). Each abdominal sternum with inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 7B). Posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX nearly straight (Figs 7E, F). Dorsal surface and posterior margin of tergum X with stout and pointed spine-like setae, lateral margins lack (Fig. 7G). Outer margins of dorsal and ventral lamellae of both gills I and II concave, costal rib of dorsal lamella in gill II shorter than half of anterior margin (Figs 7H, I). Outer and posterior margins of gill III concave, proximal plate of gill VII well developed (Figs 7J, K).</p><p>Male imago: Body length 20.5–22.0 mm, all legs brown (Fig. 8A), wings transparent (Figs 8C, D). Posterolateral spines of abdominal segments VIII and IX relatively large (Fig. 8E, F). Each abdominal sternum with inverted Ushaped marking (Fig. 8F). Inner margin of basal segment of forceps with projection, length of penis subequal to styliger (Figs 8G, H). Dorsal elongation of penis slender and spineless, dorsal sclerotized transverse band of penis without expansion, two penis lobes separated, each tip bifurcated, outer bifurcation distinctly sclerotized, ventral side with a translucent membranous structure, inner margin of each penis lobe with 4–6 small spines basally, outer margin concave near the middle (Figs 8I, J).</p><p>Female imago: Body length 27.0–29.0 mm, wings transparent (Fig. 8B). Color pattern similar to male (Fig. 8K). Sternum VII extended posteriorly into a triangular lobe, sternum VIII with W-shaped dark brown sclerotized line (Fig. 8L).</p><p>Remarks: This species is close to S. chankae . The detailed comparison is presented in the remarks of S. chankae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E57D87B7FFFDFFFEFF71FED47DF0F8B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Qiang, Xin-He;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Qiang, Xin-He, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): The species diversity and phylogeny of the genus Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 from China (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1
E57D87B7FFE0FFE3FF71FF2D7FE4F9AC.text	E57D87B7FFE0FFE3FF71FF2D7FE4F9AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphlonurus lacustris Eaton 1870	<div><p>Siphlonurus lacustris Eaton, 1870 (first record from China)</p><p>Figures 9–10</p><p>Siphlonurus lacustris Eaton, 1870: 7 (male imago, from Europe).</p><p>Siphlonurus zetterstedti Bengtsson, 1909: 9 (synonymized by Brekke 1965: 12).</p><p>Siphlonurus pyrenaicus Navás, 1930: 53 (synonymized by Puthz 1977: 169).</p><p>Siphlonurus nuessleri Jacob, 1972: 144 (synonymized by Puthz 1977: 169).</p><p>Siphlonurus lacustris: Eaton 1885: 217; Grandi 1960: 71 (nymph and male imago); Studemann et al. 1988: 309 (male and female imago); Studemann et al. 1992: 80; Gaino &amp; Rebora 2001: 41 (egg); Bauernfeind &amp; Soldán 2012: 73.</p><p>Material examined: 3 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Xingan National Forest</a> Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Yichun City</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 13–14.VII.2016, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Juan Yan Luo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Wei Zhang</a>, and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Ze Hu</a>; 1 nymph, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Laocaohe</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Mohe City</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Daxinganling District</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 52.833392°N, 122.591656°E, ca. 480 m, 16–19.VII.2024, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Xinhe Qiang</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Ningning Wang</a>, and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Yuxian Sun</a>; 3 nymphs, 2♀ imagos, 1♂ imago, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Wuying Forest Park</a>, Fenglin County, Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province, 48.204776°N, 129.209142°E, ca. 300 m, 17–20.VII.2024, Dewen Gong and Xuhongyi Zheng; 1♀ imago, ♂ imago, Liujiazi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Gaoleng Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Fangzheng County</a>, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 45.731443°N, 129.290088°E, ca. 330 m, 21–22.VII.2024, Dewen Gong and Xuhongyi Zheng .</p><p>Description: see Bauernfeind &amp; Soldán (2012), Studemann et al. (1988) and Gaino &amp; Rebora (2001).</p><p>Distribution: The species is found throughout the Palaearctic region, but it is the first record from China here. It is found in Heilongjiang Province.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Mature nymph: Body length 14.0–16.0 mm, wingpads without spots (Figs 9A, B). Length ratio of first segment of maxillary palp to galea-lacinia about 1.0: 0.9, inner margin of maxillary palp segment II straight (Fig. 9C). Posterolateral spines on terga I–IX gradually larger from anterior to posterior, length ratio of posterolateral spine on tergum IX to its tergum = 1.0: 3.0 (Figs 9D, E). Each abdominal sternum with an inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 9B). Posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX slightly convex (Fig. 9E). Dorsal surface and posterior margin of tergum X with stout and pointed spine-like setae, lateral margins lack (Fig. 9F). Outer margins of dorsal and ventral lamellae of both gills I and II concave, costal rib of dorsal lamella in gill II shorter than half of anterior margin (Figs 9G, H). Outer and posterior margins of gill III concave, proximal plate of gill VII well developed (Figs 9I, J).</p><p>Male imago: Body length 11.5–15.0 mm, wings transparent, all legs generally light brown (Figs 10A–C). Posterolateral spines of abdominal segments VIII and IX relatively small (Figs 10D–G). Each abdominal sternum with an inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 10F). Inner margin of basal segment of forceps with a projection, length of penis subequal to styliger (Figs 10 D, E). Dorsal elongation of penis short, sharp, and spineless, dorsal sclerotized transverse band of penis expanded in the middle, inner margin of each penis lobe with 5–6 long spines, outer margin with approximately four small spines, each penis lobe with a short and wide projection posterolaterally (Figs 10H–J).</p><p>Female imago: Body length 13.0–15.0 mm, wings transparent. Color pattern similar to male (Fig. 10K). Sternum VII extended posteriorly into a triangular lobe, sternum VIII with funnel-shaped dark brown sclerotized line (Fig. 10L).</p><p>Remarks: see remarks of S. polyspineus sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E57D87B7FFE0FFE3FF71FF2D7FE4F9AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Qiang, Xin-He;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Qiang, Xin-He, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): The species diversity and phylogeny of the genus Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 from China (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1
E57D87B7FFE3FFE0FF71FF2D7C99FE20.text	E57D87B7FFE3FFE0FF71FF2D7C99FE20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphlonurus orientali	<div><p>Siphlonurus orientali s sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2E276F07-489D-402E-BCC1-D878BC22AB2F</p><p>Figures 11–17</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype: male imago, Chanyuan Temple, Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, 3–5.IV.2019, Heying Wang, Xiaoli Ying, Wei Zhang and Zhenxing Ma.</p><p>Paratypes: 50 nymphs, 2♀ imagos, 6♂ imagos, 1♀ subimago, 1♂ subimago, 10 exuviae of nymphs, with same label data as holotype .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E57D87B7FFE3FFE0FF71FF2D7C99FE20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Qiang, Xin-He;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Qiang, Xin-He, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): The species diversity and phylogeny of the genus Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 from China (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1
E57D87B7FFECFFECFF71FBD97EC2F898.text	E57D87B7FFECFFECFF71FBD97EC2F898.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphlonurus palaearcticus (Tshernova 1930)	<div><p>Siphlonurus palaearcticus (Tshernova, 1930)</p><p>Figures 18–19</p><p>Oniscigaster palaearcticus Tshernova, 1930: 217 (female, from Russia).</p><p>Siphlonurus binotatus: Imanishi 1940: 232; Bae 1997: 408; Quan et al. 2002: 258 (nec Siphlonurus binotatus (Eaton, 1892): 302, mis-identification).</p><p>Siphlonurus binotatus: Bajkova 1979: 56 (nec Siphlonurus binotatus (Eaton, 1892): 302, mis-identification revealed by Soldán et al. 2009: 655).</p><p>Siphlonurus brodskyi Bajkova, 1979: 57 (synonymized by Kluge 1985: 12).</p><p>Siphlonurus palaearcticus: Kluge 1982: 114 (all stages); Tshernova et al. 1986: 123; Bae &amp; Soldán 1997: 151; Bae &amp; Andrikovics 1997: 159; Bae &amp; Yoon 1997: 50 (catalogue); Hwang &amp; Bae 2001: 49 (all stages); Wang et al. 2009: 196 (list); Zhou 2013: 204 (list, first record from China); Zhou et al. 2015: 106 (nymph and male); 254 (list); Han et al. 2016: 45 (comparison).</p><p>Material examined: 21 ♀ imagos, 6♂ imagos, Weihe Yulin Forest Farm, Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province, 8–16.VII.1993, Youwen Li and Changhai Sun; 7 nymphs , 60 ♀ imagos, Yalu River, Bugt Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.54724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.44625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.54724/lat 48.44625)">Yakeshi City</a>, Inner Mongolia, 48.44625°N, 121.54724°E, ca. 670 m, 2–4.VIII.2007, Changfa Zhou, Hui Xie, and Shilei Wang; 3 nymphs , 10 ♀ imagos, Jiliu River, Mangui Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.02733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.02925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.02733/lat 52.02925)">Genhe City</a>, Inner Mongolia, 52.02925°N, 122.02733°E, ca. 630 m, 12.VIII.2007, Shilei Wang and Hui Xie; 1 nymph , 2♀ imagos, Erdao Baihe Town, Fusong County, Jilin Province, 23–25.VII.2008, Shilei Wang and Guo Zhao; 2 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.5907&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.9485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.5907/lat 41.9485)">Changbai Mountain</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.5907&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.9485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.5907/lat 41.9485)">Manjiang Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.5907&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.9485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.5907/lat 41.9485)">Fusong County</a>, Jilin Province, 41.9485°N, 127.5907°E, 10.VIII.2022, Xuhongyi Zheng ; 5♀ imagos, Badaohe, Guanmen Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.14829&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.146595" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.14829/lat 41.146595)">Benxi City</a>, Liaoning Province, 41.146595°N, 124.148296°E, ca. 300 m, 20–24.VII.2023, Shuang Qiu and Xinye Liu ; 2♀ imagos, Laocaohe, Mohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.59166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.833393" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.59166/lat 52.833393)">Daxinganling District</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 52.833392°N, 122.591656°E, ca. 480 m, 16–19.VII.2024, Xinhe Qiang, Ningning Wang, and Yuxian Sun .</p><p>Description: see Kluge (1982) and Hwang &amp; Bae (2001).</p><p>Distribution: China (Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Inner Mongolia); Russia, Korea; Mongolia.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Mature nymph: The body length 13.0–15.0 mm, wingpads with spots (Figs 18A, B). Length ratio of first segment of maxillary palp to galea-lacinia about 1.0: 1.0, inner margin of maxillary palp segment II convex apically (Fig. 18C). Posterolateral spines on terga I–IX gradually larger from anterior to posterior, length ratio of posterolateral spine on tergum IX to its tergum = 1.0: 4.0 (Figs 18D, E). Each abdominal sternum with an inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 18B). Posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX slightly convex (Fig. 18E). Dorsal surface and posterior margin of tergum X with stout and pointed spine-like setae, lateral margins lack (Fig. 18F). Outer margins of dorsal and ventral lamellae of both gills I and II straight, costal rib of dorsal lamella in gill II shorter than half of anterior margin (Figs 18G, H). Outer and posterior margins of gill III straight, proximal plate of gill VII well developed (Figs 18I, J).</p><p>Male imago: Body length 12.0–13.0 mm, all crossveins of forewing dark brown, with long dark brown stripe near middle of both forewing and hindwing. Forelegs entirely brown, midlegs and hindlegs entirely light brown (Figs 19A–C). Each abdominal sternum with inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 19D). Posterolateral spines of abdominal segments VIII and IX relatively small (Figs 19E, F). Inner margin of basal segment of forceps with projection, length of penis subequal to styliger (Figs 19E, F). Dorsal elongation of penis wide and arched with few spines apically (approximately 2–3 spines), dorsal sclerotized transverse band of penis without expansion, each penis lobe distinctly sclerotized, apex densely covered with spines (approximately 12–14 spines), additional long and slender projection between dorsal elongation and each penis lobe, tip of this projection with two spines (Figs 19G–I).</p><p>Female imago: Body length 13.0–14.0 mm, wings with brown stripe. Color pattern similar to male. Sternum VII extended posteriorly into a rectangular lobe, medially concave. Sternum VIII with a pair of funnel-like sclerotized line (Fig. 19J).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Among Siphlonurus species reported in China, only four species ( S. davidi, S. dongxi, S. orientalis sp. nov., and S. palaearcticus) exhibit wing pigmentation in their adult stage. Among them, S. davidi, S. dongxi, and S. orientalis sp. nov. share a similar wing pigmentation pattern: forewing with dark brown crossveins and large dark brown spots between C and Rs 1; distal half of hindwing light brown, with a spot near middle of R1 and a brown stripe near forking point of MA (Figs 4B, C, 6B, C, 14B, C), while S. palaearcticus displays a distinctly different pattern: all crossveins of forewing are dark brown, with dark brown stripes near middle of both forewing and hindwing (Figs 19B, C), making it easily distinguishable. Additionally, penis lobe structure of S. palaearcticus is highly unique, featuring an additional slender projection between dorsal elongation and penis lobe, with two spines at its apex (Fig. 19G), which is a characteristic not observed in other Chinese Siphlonurus species.</p><p>In terms of nymphal morphology, S. palaearcticus combines characteristics of both northern-distributed species ( S. chankae, S. immanis, S. lacustris, S. polyspineus sp. nov., and S. zhelochovtsevi) and southern-distributed species ( S. davidi, S. dongxi, and S. orientalis sp. nov.). For example, each abdominal sternum of S. palaearcticus bears an inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 18B), lateral margins of tergum X lack stout spine-like setae (Fig. 18F), and costal rib of dorsal lamella in gill II is shorter than half of anterior margin (Fig. 18H) – features aligning with those of northern-distributed species. On the other hand, outer margins of dorsal lamellae of gills I and II are straight, and outer and posterior margins of gill III are also straight (Figs 18G–I) – traits resembling those of southern-distributed species.</p><p>Additionally, S. binotatus is likely not distributed in China at present, as this species is currently known only from Japan. The S. binotatus reported by Imanishi (1940) is likely S. palaearcticus . The nymphs of Siphlonurus species are difficult to distinguish morphologically, and both S. binotatus and S. palaearcticus have pigmented wingpads, which can easily lead to mis-identification. Therefore, Imanishi (1940) reported S. palaearcticus in China, while we tentatively exclude S. binotatus from the Chinese fauna.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E57D87B7FFECFFECFF71FBD97EC2F898	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Qiang, Xin-He;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Qiang, Xin-He, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): The species diversity and phylogeny of the genus Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 from China (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1
E57D87B7FFD0FFDBFF71FF2D7E32FA30.text	E57D87B7FFD0FFDBFF71FF2D7E32FA30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphlonurus polyspineus Qiang & Zhou 2025	<div><p>Siphlonurus polyspineus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 66ABE0FE-78DC-43B3-B884-361D608EDA10</p><p>Figures 20–26</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype: male imago, Laocaohe, Mohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.59166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.833393" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.59166/lat 52.833393)">Daxinganling District</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 52.833392°N, 122.591656°E, ca. 480m, 16–19.VII. 2024, Xinhe Qiang, Ningning Wang and Yuxian Sun.</p><p>Paratypes: 5 nymphs, 8♀ imagos, 2♂ imagos, 2♀ subimagos, 3♂ subimagos, with same label data as holotype .</p><p>Additional materials: 10 ♀ imagos, 3♂ imagos, Yalu River, Bugt Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.54724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.44625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.54724/lat 48.44625)">Yakeshi City</a>, Inner Mongolia, 48.44625°N, 121.54724°E, ca. 670 m, 2.VIII.2007, Changfa Zhou, Hui Xie, and Shilei Wang ; 15 ♀ imagos, Chaor River, Tarqi Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.11288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.58584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.11288/lat 47.58584)">Yakeshan City</a>, Inner Mongolia, 47.58584°N, 121.11288°E, ca. 760 m, 3.VIII.2007, Changfa Zhou, Hui Xie, and Shilei Wang; 50 nymphs , 20 ♀ imagos, Gen River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.31191&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.46255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.31191/lat 50.46255)">Genhe City</a>, Inner Mongolia, 50.46255°N, 121.31191°E, ca. 700 m, 9–10.VIII.2007, Changfa Zhou, Hui Xie, and Shilei Wang ; 2♀ imagos, Genhe, Hexi Street, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.57868&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.796104" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.57868/lat 50.796104)">Genhe City</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.57868&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.796104" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.57868/lat 50.796104)">Hulunbuir City</a>, Inner Mongolia <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.57868&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.796104" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.57868/lat 50.796104)">Autonomous Region</a>, 50.796106°N, 121.578682°E, ca. 720 m, 19.VII.2024, Xinhe Qiang, Ningning Wang, and Yuxian Sun .</p><p>Description</p><p>Mature nymph (in alcohol, Figs 20–22):</p><p>Body length 11.0–13.0 mm, cerci 5.0–6.0 mm, length of terminal filament nearly subequal to cerci. Body generally yellowish to amber, legs with distinct dark brown bands (Figs 20A, B).</p><p>Head: generally yellowish with pair of longitudinal dark brown stripe on vertex. Clypeus dark brown. Compound eyes dark grey. Antennae 1.0 mm, length of antennae subequal to length of head.</p><p>Mouthparts: totally yellowish. Galea-lacinia and apical segment of maxillary palp dark brown. Labrum: free margin with row of dense bristle-like setae, additional row of setae near anterior margin dorsally. Ventral surface scattered with short dense bristle-like setae, forming an obvious median groove. Posterolateral corner slightly sclerotized. Length-to-width ratio about 1.0: 2.0 (Fig. 21A). Left mandible: apex of outer incisor divided into three denticles and inner one divided into two denticles, outer incisor wider than inner one. Prostheca composed of distinct stout spine and a tuft of numerous spines (Fig. 21B). Right mandible: apex of outer and inner incisors serrated into two denticles respectively. Prostheca constituted by tuft of spines and small spine. An additional tuft of hair-like setae on inner margin near molar (Fig. 21C). Lingua of Hypopharynx round, apical surface with dense short setae. Superlinguae with hair-like setae on apical and lateral margins (Fig. 21D). Maxillae: Apex of galea-lacinia divided into three broad canines.Apical margin of galea-lacinia with row of long setae. Inner margin with two rows of dense long setae and three stout apical dentisetae between them, two obvious dentisetae slightly longer than setae nearby. Three segments of maxillary palp with sparse setae on surface. Length of basal segment distinctly subequal to length of galea-lacinia, inner margin of maxillary palp segment II straight, length ratio of three segments ca. 1.0: 0.8: 0.5 (Figs 21E, F). Labium: glossae and paraglossae with dense bristle-like setae on surface, paraglossae semi-circle and broader than glossae. Three segments of labial palp with sparse setae and spines on surface, inner margin of segment III slightly concave, length ratio of three segments from basal to apical ca. 1.0: 0.6: 0.5 (Figs 21G, H).</p><p>Thorax: nota totally yellowish with symmetric irregular variable spots, wingpads without spots (Fig. 20A). Coloration pattern of all legs similar, ground color yellowish, tarsi dark apically and basally. Surface of all legs with short sparse spines and setae (Figs 22A–C). Claws slim and pointed, without teeth (Fig. 22D). Length ratio of femora: tibiae: tarsus in all legs similar, ca. 1.7: 1.0: 1.1.</p><p>Abdomen: Each abdominal terga with pair of dark spots in middle. Each sternum with inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 20B). Posterolateral projection of each tergum well developed, progressively larger and wider from tergum I to tergum IX, length ratio of posterolateral spine on tergum IX to its tergum = 1.0: 4.0 (Figs 20C–E). Abdominal sternum IX of both sexes with slightly convex posterior margin (Figs 20D, E). Dorsal surface and posterior margins of abdominal terga I–IX covered with stout spine-like setae, while ventral surface and posterior margins of abdominal sterna I–IX with smaller, more sparse spine-like setae (Figs 20A–B). Dorsal surface and posterior margin of tergum X with sparse stout and pointed spine-like setae; lateral margins lack (Fig. 20F). Gills transparent and with distinct brown trachea, dorsal lamellae of gills I and II, along with the other five gills, with sclerotized ribs on the anterior margin and near the middle (Figs 22E–K). Gills I and II similar in size and shape, outer margins of dorsal and ventral lamellae of both gills I and II concave. Costal rib of dorsal lamella in gill II shorter than half of anterior margin (Figs 22E, F). Outer and posterior margins of gill III concave. Proximal plate of gill VII poorly developed (Figs 22G, K). Caudal filaments yellowish with two dark brown band subapically and apically. Mesal margins of cerci and both sides of terminal filament with dense hair-like setae (Fig. 20A, B).</p><p>Male imago (in alcohol, Figs 23–24): body length 13.0–15.0 mm, cerci 13.0–15.0 mm, terminal filament 0.1 mm, forewing 9.0–10.0 mm, hindwing 4.0–5.0 mm, antennae 0.8 mm. General coloration brown and amber, wings transparent (Figs 23A–C). Head: Compound eyes contiguous and grey, ocelli pale with dark base. Antennae light brown with darker scape and pedicle. Thorax: general coloration dark brown. Posterior projection of mesonotum and metanotum distinctly convex (Fig. 23A). Wings: transparent. In forewing, Rs forked at 1/3 basal, MA forked near middle, MP forked at very base, near the forking point of Rs and MA. Rs and MA fused near base, stem of them further fused with MP. CuA slightly curved backwards, ended at outer margin before tornus, six small veins connecting CuA to hind margin. CuP attached at midpoint of hind margin. In hindwing, MA forked at apical 1/3, MP forked at basal 1/3 (Figs 23B, C). Legs: coxae of all legs dark brown, all legs generally whitish, without distinct markings. Each leg with two claws, acute and hooked (Figs 24A–D). Length ratio of femur, tibia and tarsal segments I–V of foreleg = 3.6: 3.4: 1.4: 2.2: 2.1: 1.3: 1.0; length ratio of midleg = 12.5: 10.5: 3.0: 3.0: 2.0: 1.0: 3.3; length ratio of hindleg = 13.0: 10.0: 3.3: 3.0: 1.7: 1.0: 3.1. Abdomen: Each tergum dark laterally, each abdominal sternum with an inverted U-shaped marking (Figs 23D, E). Posterolateral spines of abdominal segments VIII and IX relatively small (Figs 24E, F). Genitalia: Posterior margin of styliger slightly convex. Four segments of forceps uniformly light brown, length ratio of them from basal to apical = 1.5: 2.8: 1.0: 1.0. Inner margin of basal segment of forceps with projection, length of penis longer than styliger (Figs 24E, F). Dorsal elongation of penis short, blunt, and spineless, dorsal sclerotized transverse band of penis expanded in the middle, inner margin of each penis lobe with approximately 12 small spines, outer margin with approximately 7 serrated small spines. Each penis lobe with a slender and sharp projection posterolaterally and a translucent membranous structure ventrally (Figs 24G–J). Cerci light brown.</p><p>Female imago (in alcohol, Fig. 25):</p><p>Body length 14.0–16.0 mm, cerci 13.0–15.0 mm, terminal filament 0.1 mm, forewings 8.0–10.0 mm, hindwings 4.0–5.0 mm. Length ratio of forefemur: foretibia: foretarsal segments I–V = 7.0: 6.8: 2.6: 2.0: 2.0: 1.0: 1.6; length ratio of midleg = 10.8: 8.3: 3.0: 2.3: 1.7: 1.0: 2.3; length ratio of hindleg= 5.5: 3.3: 2.1: 1.6: 1.3: 1.2: 1.0. Color pattern of female similar to male, body dark brown, legs light brown. Wings transparent and veins clearer than in males (Figs 25A–E). Each tergum dark brown laterally. Each sternum brown with lighter posterior margin. Posterolateral spines of terga VIII and IX invisible (Figs 25B, C). Sternum VII extended posteriorly into trapezoidal lobe, subanal plate distinctly convex. Abdominal sternum VIII with pair of dark brown, funnel-like sclerotized stripes (Fig. 25F).</p><p>Egg: generally oval (Fig. 26A). Surface nearly smooth (Fig. 26B).</p><p>Etymology: Due to penis lobe of this species being notably spiny, with approximately 12 small spines near inner margin, it is named ‘ polyspineus ’ here. This specific name combines two words: poly - (multiple) and spineus (spine, small spine).</p><p>Biology: This species is sympatric with S. chankae, S. lacustris, S. palaearcticus, and S. zhelochovtsevi, all collected in the same batch from the Laocaohe in Mohe City, Heilongjiang Province. These species inhabit small, slow-flowing pools near the banks of streams.</p><p>Distribution: China (Heilongjiang Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region).</p><p>Diagnosis: S. polyspineus sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by following characters.</p><p>Nymph: (1) body relatively smaller than others, from 11.0 to 13.0 mm; (2) wingpads without spots (Figs 20A, B); (3) Length ratio of first segment of maxillary palp to galea-lacinia about 1.0: 1.0, inner margin of maxillary palp segment II straight (Fig. 21E); (4) length ratio of posterolateral spine on tergum IX to its tergum = 1.0: 4.0 (Figs 20C–E); (5) each abdominal sternum with an inverted “U”-shaped marking (Fig. 20B); (6) posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX slightly convex (Figs 20D, E); (7) dorsal surface and posterior margin of tergum X has sparse stout and pointed spine-like setae, lateral margins lack (Fig. 20F); (8) outer margins of dorsal and ventral lamellae of both gills I and II concave; costal rib of dorsal lamella in gill II shorter than half of anterior margin (Figs 22E, F); outer and posterior margins of gill III concave, proximal plate of gill VII poorly developed (Figs 22G, K).</p><p>Male imago: (1) smaller body, from 13.0 to 15.0 mm; (2) wings transparent; (3) all legs generally whitish, without distinct marking (Figs 23A–C); (4) each abdominal sternum with an inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 23D); (5) posterolateral spines of abdominal segments VIII and IX relatively small (Figs 24E, F); inner margin of basal segment of forceps with projection, length of penis longer than styliger (Figs 24E, F); (6) dorsal elongation of penis short, blunt, and spineless, dorsal sclerotized transverse band of penis expanded in the middle; inner margin with approximately 12 small spines, outer margin with approximately 7 serrated small spines, each penis lobe with a slender and sharp projection posterolaterally (Figs 24G–J).</p><p>Female imago: (1) body length 14.0–16.0 mm; (2) wings transparent; (3) sternum VII extended posteriorly into a trapezoidal lobe; (4) sternum VIII with a pair of dark brown, funnel-like sclerotized stripes (Fig. 25F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The association between nymph and imago stages of this new species was confirmed through indoor rearing and COI sequence comparison.</p><p>The penis lobes of S. lacustris and S. polyspineus sp. nov. are highly similar but exhibit subtle differences. In S. polyspineus sp. nov., dorsal elongation of penis lobe is short and blunt, inner margin of penis lobe has approximately 12 small spines and outer margin has about 7 serrated small spines. The posterolateral projection of penis lobe is slender and sharply pointed (Figs 24G–J). In contrast, dorsal elongation of penis lobe in S. lacustris is short and sharply pointed, inner margin of penis lobe has 5–6 long spines and outer margin has about four small spines. The posterolateral projection of penis lobe is short and broad (Figs 10H–J).</p><p>In addition, inner margin of penis lobe in S. polyspineus sp. nov. bears numerous small spines, similar to those of S. abraxas Jacob, 1986 S. columbianus McDunnough, 1925, S. barbaroides McDunnough, 1929, and S. occidentalis Eaton, 1885 . However, posterolateral projection of penis lobe of this species is more distinctly slender and sharply pointed, and posterior margin of penis lobe lacks any indentation (Fig. 24J).</p><p>Navás (1912) originally described a species Andromina grisea from Far-East Russia. Edmunds (1960) later transferred this species to the genus Siphlonurus, a combination subsequently confirmed by Kluge (2004). This species was based on two female subimaginal specimens. Given the distribution and type locality of Siphlonurus griseus, it is possible that our newly described species, S. polyspineus sp. nov., could be the additional finding of S. griseus . However, this hypothesis requires further verification, including additional collections from the type locality and molecular confirmation via COI sequence analysis. At present, we consider the designation of a new species ( S. polyspineus sp. nov.) to be the best arrangement.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E57D87B7FFD0FFDBFF71FF2D7E32FA30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Qiang, Xin-He;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Qiang, Xin-He, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): The species diversity and phylogeny of the genus Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 from China (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1
E57D87B7FFD8FFD8FF71F98C7802FA80.text	E57D87B7FFD8FFD8FF71F98C7802FA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siphlonurus zhelochovtsevi Tshernova 1952	<div><p>Siphlonurus zhelochovtsevi Tshernova, 1952 (first record from China)</p><p>Figures 27–28</p><p>Siphlonurus zhelochovtsevi Tshernova, 1952: 263 (male imago, from Russia).</p><p>Siphlonurus zhelochovtsevi: Kluge 1985: 15 (all stages); Soldán et al. 2009: 655 (checklist).</p><p>Material examined: 10 nymphs, 60 ♀ imagos, 5♂ imagos, 1♀ subimago, 1♂ subimago, Erdao Baihe Town, Fusong County, Jilin Province, 23–25.VII.2008, Shilei Wang and Guo Zhao ; 2♀ imagos, Hunhe River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.9914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.284443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.9914/lat 41.284443)">Fushun City</a>, Liaoning Province, 41.28444348°N, 124.99140257°E, ca. 490 m, 29.VII.2023, Xinhe Qiang; 2 nymphs , 1♂ subimago, Laocaohe, Mohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.59166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.833393" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.59166/lat 52.833393)">Daxinganling District</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 52.833392°N, 122.591656°E, ca. 480 m, 16–19.VII.2024, Xinhe Qiang, Ningning Wang, and Yuxian Sun ; 1♀ imago, Dalin River, Mohe City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.269554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.968586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.269554/lat 52.968586)">Daxinganling District</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 52.968586°N, 122.269555°E, ca. 470 m, 16–19.VII.2024, Xinhe Qiang, Ningning Wang, and Yuxian Sun ; 3♀ imagos, Genhe, Hexi Street, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.57868&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.796104" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.57868/lat 50.796104)">Genhe City</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.57868&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.796104" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.57868/lat 50.796104)">Hulunbuir City</a>, Inner Mongolia, 50.796106°N, 121.578682°E, ca. 720 m, 19.VII.2024, Xinhe Qiang, Ningning Wang, and Yuxian Sun ; 15 ♀ imagos, 2♂ imagos, Liujiazi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Gaoleng Town</a>, Fangzheng County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.29008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.73144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.29008/lat 45.73144)">Harbin City</a>, Heilongjiang Province, 45.731443°N, 129.290088°E, ca. 330 m, 21–22.VII.2024, Dewen Gong and Xuhongyi Zheng .</p><p>Description: see Kluge (1985).</p><p>Distribution: China (Jilin Province); Russia, Mongolia.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Mature nymph: Body length 14.0–15.0 mm, wingpads without spots (Figs 27A, B). Length ratio of first segment of maxillary palp to galea-lacinia about 1.0: 1.0, inner margin of maxillary palp segment II convex apically (Fig. 27C). Posterolateral spines on terga I–IX gradually larger from anterior to posterior, length ratio of posterolateral spine on tergum IX to its tergum = 1.0: 4.0 (Figs 27D, E). Each abdominal sternum with inverted U-shaped marking (Fig. 27B). Posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX slightly convex (Fig. 27E). Dorsal surface of tergum X with stout spine-like setae, lateral margins lack (Fig. 27F). Outer margins of dorsal and ventral lamellae of both gills I and II concave, costal rib of dorsal lamella in gill II shorter than half of anterior margin (Figs 27G, H). Outer and posterior margins of gill III concave, proximal plate of gill VII well developed (Figs 27I, J).</p><p>Male imago: Body length 14.0–17.0 mm, wings transparent. Forelegs entirely brown, midlegs and hindlegs entirely light brown (Figs 28A–C). Each abdominal sternum with inverted U-shaped marking, posterolateral spines of abdominal segments VIII and IX small (Figs 28D–G). Inner margin of basal segment of forceps with projection, length of penis subequal to styliger (Figs 28D, E). Dorsal elongation of penis arched and distinctly enlarged apically, outer margin with about 8 small spines, dorsal sclerotized transverse band of penis without expansion, two penis lobes distinctly sclerotized and separated, each tip distinctly bifurcated, ventral side with a translucent membranous projection, inner margin of each penis lobe with 6–9 small spines, outer margin concave in the middle (Figs 28H, I).</p><p>Female imago: Body length 14.0–16.0 mm, wings transparent. Color pattern similar to male (Fig. 28J). Sternum VII extended posteriorly into a triangular lobe. Sternum VIII dark laterally (Fig. 28K).</p><p>Remarks: S. zhelochovtsevi and S. chankae are very similar, but their male adults can be easily distinguished. In S. zhelochovtsevi, the apical portion of penis lobe elongation is expanded (Figs 28H, I), whereas in S. chankae, the basal portion is expanded (Figs 2H–J). However, nymphs of these two species are nearly identical and can only be differentiated by a subtle characteristic: inner margin of second segment of maxillary palp in S. zhelochovtsevi is convex apically (Fig. 27C), while in S. chankae, it is straight (Fig. 1C).</p><p>Species comparison</p><p>The major morphological differences of nine Chinese Siphlonurus species are listed in the tables 4–7.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E57D87B7FFD8FFD8FF71F98C7802FA80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Qiang, Xin-He;Zhou, Chang-Fa	Qiang, Xin-He, Zhou, Chang-Fa (2025): The species diversity and phylogeny of the genus Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 from China (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). Zootaxa 5711 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.1.1
