identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E46FF2165E24C566FF6FBB1DFDFFEECB.text	E46FF2165E24C566FF6FBB1DFDFFEECB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola gen. nov.</p><p>[Figs 9–91]</p><p>Type species: Australoluciola australis (F.).</p><p>Diagnosis. Australoluciola gen. nov. is an Australian and New Guinean genus belonging in a group of seven genera characterized by: pronotal width less than width across elytral humeri, parallel-sided elytra, no MFC, an elongate slender aedeagus with LL largely concealed behind the ML when viewed from beneath; aedeagal sheath elongate slender, widest across middle, without bulbous paraprocts, and with both sides of posterior half of sheath sternite tapering evenly towards a narrow entire apex. Males distinguished from Colophotia in having no median carina on V7, expanded and oblique PLP and bipartite LOs in V7; from Pteroptyx in having no MFC, deflexed elytral apices, bulbous aedeagal sheath paraprocts and bipartite LOs in V7; from Pyrophanes (which has a MFC) and Poluninius gen. nov. (which has no MFC) in lacking both incurving lobes along V7 and bipartite LO; from Trisinuata gen. nov. by the entire LOs in V7 (those of Trisinuata gen. nov. are bipartite); from most Medeopteryx gen. nov. in lacking deflexed elytral apices. It differs from Luciola indica in lacking the bulbous median lobe and paraprocts on the aedeagal sheath.</p><p>All but three species have orange pronotum and dark brown elytra similar to many species of Medeopteryx gen. nov. Aus. aspera has median brown pronotal markings, and in Aus. flavicollis the elytral base and/or margins may be pale. Aus. japenensis sp. nov. alone has pale yellowish brown dorsal colour and dark elytral apices, characteristic of many SE Asian fireflies (McDermott 1966). V7 may be trisinuate or with an MPP only, and PLP rounded, not produced; T8 has a well defined ventral groove margined by ridges and with short, wide and apically rounded flanges in Aus. aspera and Aus. pharusaurea sp. nov. only. Females macropterous and capable of flight. Larvae terrestrial, without laterally explanate tergal margins; laterotergites visible from above.</p><p>Male. Pronotum (Figs 12, 19, 25, 58): dorsal surface without irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense; anterior margin not explanate; either subparallel-sided, margins straight (A=B=C; e.g. Fig. 12), or lateral margins diverging posteriorly along their length (C&gt;A, B), or lateral margins converging posteriorly (C&lt;A, B); width &lt;humeral width; anterolateral corners rounded obtuse or angulate; lateral margins without indentation at mid-point, and sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; without indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners usually angulate, rounded obtuse in Aus. australis; posterolateral corners not usually projecting as far as median posterior margin; separated from it by scarce emarginations.</p><p>Hypomera: closed; median area of hypomeron not elevated in vertical direction; median area more widely flattened than elsewhere except in fuscamagna sp. nov. where anterior and posterior areas very narrowly flat; pronotal width/ GHW 1.2.</p><p>Elytron: punctation dense, not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and sutural ridge extend beyond mid-point, almost to apex but not extending around apex, neither thickened in apical half; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent; in horizontal specimen viewed from below epipleuron at elytral base wide, covering humerus except in some fuscaparva sp. nov. where the humerus is narrowly visible; viewed from above anterior margin of epipleuron arises level with or anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as a lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided.</p><p>Head: moderately depressed between eyes; well exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close to moderately separated; frons-vertex junction rounded, without median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous, separated by &lt;ASW or ASW (except for some flavicollis where ASD&gt;ASW); clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when head viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts: functional; apical labial palpomere strongly flattened, shaped like narrow triangle (narrowest at base and L 2–3 X W), with inner edge entire (e.g. Ballantyne 1988 Figs 10, 11), and at least half as long as apical maxillary palpomere. Antennae 11 segmented; length&gt;GHW up to twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS1 not shorter than pedicel.</p><p>Legs: with inner tarsal claw not split; without MFC; femora 3 swollen and curved and tibiae 3 curved in two species; no basitarsi expanded or excavated.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 10,11,21,29,35,36,57,61,62,67,68,73,75,76,88): without cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment except in single male of Aus. aspera, where V3 is strongly recurved (Fig. 21); LO in V7 entire, either occupying most of V7, and reaching to sides but not posterior margin (Figs 11,20,21,28,35,61,68,73,75,87), or not reaching sides or posterior margin and occupying about half or less of V7 (e.g. Fig. 48); reaching into PLP where these are developed; posterior half of V7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; neither anterior nor posterior margin of LO emarginate; LO present in V6, occupying almost all V6. MPP present, symmetrical, apex rounded or truncate, either entire or shallowly emarginate, not laterally compressed, short or slightly longer than wide (L&lt;W or L&gt;W), not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T8 apex, without dorsal ridge, median longitudinal trough. V7 without median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘dimple’, or reflexed lobes; posterior margin of V7 either trisinuate or with posterolateral corners rounded; if trisinuate then MPP longer than, and as wide as, PLP; if PLP not developed then posterolateral corners rounded and MPP well developed; PLP moderately produced, as wide as MPP, as long as wide or wider than long. T7 without prolonged anterolateral corners. T8: (Figs 29,30,36,62,76,77,88) well sclerotised, symmetrical, W=L, visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, median posterior margin shallowly and narrowly emarginate; T8 widest across middle with lateral margins tapering evenly in both an anterior and posterior direction; without prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V7; T8 ventral surface with well developed median longitudinal trough, margined by well defined symmetrical ridges; anterior end of ridges either not produced, with rounded or angulate outline; or with short wide apically acute flanges in aspera and pharusaurea; without lateral depressed troughs, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T8 as long as, or slightly shorter than visible posterior portion of T8, not laterally emarginated before their origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, expanded only in horizontal plane; without bifurcation of inner margin and ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T8 not enfolding sides of V7.</p><p>Aedeagal sheath: (Figs 14,30,42,43,52,53,81,82,89) approx. 3 times as long as wide; without bulbous paraprocts; symmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite tapers evenly to a narrow rounded apex; anterior half of sternite relatively narrow, apically rounded; tergite without lateral arms extending anteriorly at sides of sheath sternite; tergite without projecting pieces along posterior margin of T 9, anterior margin without transverse band.</p><p>Aedeagus: (Figs 15 –17,22–24,31–33,39–41,49–51,63–65,69,70,78–80) L/W2.9–6.0; LL lack lateral appendages; apices of LL not visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL/ML narrow; LL of equal length, slightly shorter than ML, contiguous or closely approaching along inner dorsal margins except in orapallida where inner margins diverge and apices are very narrow; LL separated longitudinally by most of their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is narrower than that of ML; LL apices not expanded in horizontal plane; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated; LL without lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins, not produced preapically nor narrowly on inner apical margin, apices of LL not inturned, nor out-turned; without projection on left LL; inner margins without slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, without paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, apex not shaped like arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; bearing transverse ridge preapically on dorsal side; BP not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin.</p><p>Female (Fig. 18). Macropterous and observed in flight in Aus. australis (Ballantyne 1988 Fig. 12). Pronotum without irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense; pronotal width less than humeral width; without indentation of lateral margin, irregularities at posterolateral corner; outline similar to that of male. Elytral punctation not as large as that of pronotum, nor evenly spaced; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. No legs or parts thereof swollen and /or curved. LO in V6 only, without any elevations or depressions or ridges on V7; median posterior margin of V7 widely emarginate, median area not broadly rounded; median posterior margin of V8 entire. Bursa plates (Figs 34,54,55,91) consisting of 2 wide paired plates in Aus. australis, Aus. flavicollis and Aus. pharusaurea sp. nov.</p><p>Larva. Reliably associated for Aus. australis only; terrestrial; elongate, slender, spindle shaped (Ballantyne &amp; Buck 1979 Figs 32, 33, 37; Ballantyne 1988) of the form of Pteroptyx valida and P. maipo larvae (Ballantyne et al. 2011), without laterally explanate tergal margins and with laterotergites usually visible at sides; posterolateral corners of terga 1–8 rounded entire, of tergum 12 produced narrowly; median posterior margins of terga 1–11 with rounded projections beside mid line; without brush of hairs from apex of tibiotarsus; mandibles without inner teeth; antennal segment 3 short, sense cone adjacent to segment 3 short, wide.</p><p>Etymology. Australoluciola (feminine) is a compound noun indicating its origins (from the south) and previous affinities (seven of the species were described originally within the genus Luciola).</p><p>Remarks. Australoluciola gen. nov. includes eight New Guinean and four Australian species, one of which, Aus. australis (F.), is found in mangroves along the E coast of Queensland, while Aus. orapallida (Ballantyne) is known from one locality in mangroves in Cape York Peninsula.</p><p>The other Australian species, Aus. flavicollis and Aus. nigra, have an extensive distribution along the eastern coast of Queensland occurring in open sclerophyll forest and rain forest remnants especially around Brisbane (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000). Three of the New Guinean species are distinguished by light patterns while nothing is known of their wider distribution.</p><p>List of species of Australoluciola gen. nov.</p><p>- anthracina (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>- (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>- australis (F.) comb. nov.</p><p>- baduria sp. nov.</p><p>- flavicollis (MacLeay) comb. nov.</p><p>- foveicollis (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>- fuscamagna sp. nov.</p><p>- fuscaparva sp. nov.</p><p>- japenensis sp. nov.</p><p>- (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>- orapallida (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- pharusaurea sp. nov.</p><p>Key to species of Australoluciola gen. nov. using males</p><p>1. V7 trisinuate along its posterior margin (Figs 10,11,21,35,57,61,67,68,73,75)...................................... 2 V7 not trisinuate along its posterior margin (Figs 28,48,87); posterolateral corners rounded, not produced; median posterior projection always developed sometimes longer than wide, may be apically emarginated............................. 11</p><p>2. Hind femora swollen, hind tibiae curved (e.g. Fig. 37)......................................................... 3 Hind femora not swollen, hind tibiae not curved............................................................. 4</p><p>3. Elytra dark brown......................................................................... baduria sp. nov. Elytra orange yellow with small dark area at apex............................................. japenensis sp. nov.</p><p>4. Pronotum all dark, or with dark markings around margins, or in centre........................................... 5 Pronotum pale coloured with no dark markings.............................................................. 8</p><p>5. Pronotum entirely dark marked; rest of dorsal body and all of ventral surface except for LOs dark brown (Figs 66,67,71,72,74) .................................................................................................... 6 Pronotum with dark markings around margins or in centre; ventral body may have paler markings..................... 7</p><p>6. Medium sized (6.2–6.6 mm long)........................................................ fuscamagna sp. nov. Small (3.5–4.0 mm long)................................................................ fuscaparva sp. nov.</p><p>7. Pronotum orange with orange margins and extensive median dark markings (Fig. 25); elytra dark brown; ventral surface of body with pale areas including Los (Fig. 20).................................................... aspera (Olivier) Pronotum orange with dark markings around margins; ventral body (apart from LOs) dark brown... anthracina (Olivier) var.</p><p>8. Ventral aspect of body entirely dark brown except: posterior margin of abdominal V5 may be pale or apices of femora 1 may be paler; head between eyes dark brown; T7, 8 dark brown (Figs 9,10,75,75)...................................... 9 Ventral surface of body always with some pale markings i.e. parts of head, thorax and/or portions of legs and/or basal segments of abdomen pale, head between eyes yellow or brown; T7, 8 pale (Figs 57,83–86)................................. 10</p><p>9. Large 9.9–10 mm long; known only from 3 males from Sea Falls Torricelli Mountains (Figs 75–82)........ maxima sp. nov. Smaller (&lt;8 mm); know from SE New Guinea ............................................ anthracina (Olivier) var.</p><p>10. New Britain; head between eyes yellow; elytral punctures small uniform (Figs 83–91).............. pharusaurea sp. nov. Mainland New Guinea; head between eyes dark brown to black; punctures along some areas of elytra large and irregular (figs 56–65) foveicollis (Olivier)</p><p>11. Found in mangroves along east coast of Queensland as far south as Bundaberg; ventral body yellow except for white LOs; MPP short; head between eyes brown (Figs 26–34).................................................. australis (F.) Open forest dweller; ventral body with extensive dark markings; MPP longer than wide, may be apically emarginate...... 12</p><p>12. Elytra dark brown with no pale margins........................................................ nigra (Olivier) Elytra dark brown with paler margins..................................................................... 13</p><p>13. Elytra brown at bases and apices, and lateral margins widely pale; most of ventral... surface of body pale; aedeagus with LL very narrow and widely separated dorsally (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000 Figs 19–22)............ orapallida (Ballantyne) Elytra brown always with some orange markings, either across base, and/or sutural ridge, and/or lateral margin; most of ventral surface of body very dark brown; aedeagus with LL closely approaching dorsally (Fig. 45)........ flavicollis (MacLeay)</p><p>Table 8 lists species described originally as Luciola spp., having orange pronota and dark brown, nonmargined, elytra, consistent with seven species assigned here to Australoluciola gen nov. Other genera/species with this colour pattern include Lloydiella spp. Ballantyne (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009), Atyphella immaculata Ballantyne (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000), species of Medeopteryx gen nov., Pacifica salomonis (Olivier) comb. nov., certain Pyrophanes species, and some Curtos (Jeng et al. 1998) .</p><p>pronota and dark brown/ black elytra.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E24C566FF6FBB1DFDFFEECB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E2EC560FF6FBF84FD55EE42.text	E46FF2165E2EC560FF6FBF84FD55EE42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola anthracina (Olivier) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola anthracina (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 9–17]</p><p>Luciola anthracina Olivier, 1885:363; 1902:74; 1913b:417.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) anthracina Olivier. McDermott, 1966:99 .</p><p>Holotype. Female. NEW GUINEA: 8.45 S, 146.25E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.25/lat -8.45)">Central Pr.</a>, Yule Island, as "Isola Yule" (MCSN).</p><p>Code name. Luciola 10 (Lloyd 1973a).</p><p>Other specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: 2.34 S, 140.31E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.31&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.34" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.31/lat -2.34)">Cyclops</a>, 12.iv.1903 (bears pink paper label with Olivier’s handwritten identification), male (MNHN). Mt Cyclops 3500 feet iii.1936 LEC male (BPBM) .</p><p>The following are tentative assignments: NEW GUINEA: 5.14 S, 145.45E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.45/lat -5.14)">Madang</a> Pr., Sek Harbor, 10 miles N Madang October 18, 1969, J.E. Lloyd, 3 males (G355–357) (JELC) . 5.55S, 146.4E, Madang Pr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.4/lat -5.55)">Finisterre Mts</a>: Budemu, c. 4000 feet 15–24.x.1964 M E Bacchus 2 males, 2 females; Damanti c 3550 ft 3 females (BPBM) . 6.35S, 147.51E, Morobe Pr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.51&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.51/lat -6.35)">Finsch Haven</a>, L Wagner male, female; Finschaven Wareo L. Wagner 3 males 2 females (SAMA) . 7.20 S, 146.45E, Morobe Pr., 4 miles N Wau elevated 2800, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.45/lat -7.2)">Kunai Creek Lae Rd.</a>, 1969, J.E. Lloyd. 3 males, Oct. 17 (G332, 335, 345); 2 males Oct. 18 (G347, 349); 2 males Nov. 12 (G569, 570) (JELC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Type female 5.0 mm long; entirely dark brown except for orange pronotum, and white LO. Males 7.3–7.6 mm long with orange pronotum and dark brown elytra; ventral colouration black except for pale LOs in V6, 7 and pale posterior margin of V 5 in one male; posterior margin of V7 trisinuate, with MPP slightly longer than lateral projections; dorsal abdomen dark brown; most obviously distinguished from the similar Aus. foveicollis by the dark terminal abdominal tergites and the small even elytral punctation. Specimens from localities other than Mt Cyclops including those from elevation in Finschhaven and the Finisterre Mountains are tentatively assigned; they differ most obviously in the pale terminal tergites and some have dark marginal pronotal markings.</p><p>Male. Redescription (Cyclops males). 7.3–7.6 mm long. Colour (Figs 9, 10, 12): pronotum orange, MS brown, MN yellow; remainder of body very dark brown except for pale LOs in V6, 7, and narrowly pale posterior margin of V5. Pronotum (Fig. 12): 1.3–1.4 mm long, 1.8–2.0 mm wide, W/L 1.4; midanterior margin rounded and moderately produced beyond angulate anterolateral corners; lateral margins subparallel sided, A=B=C; posterolateral corners angulate approximately 90º; punctures broad, shallow mostly contiguous. Elytra: shiny, finely punctate; epipleuron visible at side of elytron level with posterior margin of MS. Head: moderately depressed between eyes, GHW 1.4 mm; SIW 0.3 mm; ASD subequal to ASW. Abdomen (Fig. 11) posterior margin of V7 trisinuate; LOs in V7 occupying most of the area and reaching to sides but not as far as posterior margin; MPP apically rounded, L=W; as wide as and slightly longer than PLP (Figs 10, 11). T8: ventral surface with well developed lateral ridges, no flanges; anterior area of ridges smoothly rounded; anterolateral prolongations of T8 wide, not as long as posterior entire portion. Aedeagus (Figs 15–17): relatively short and wide anterior prolongation of median lobe (viewed from beneath); lateral margins of LL straight, not expanded along apical ¼, outer margins narrowly visible beside ML near its apex, with apices of LL slightly obliquely truncate; L/W 3.4. Aedeagal sheath: (Fig. 14).</p><p>Males in Lloyd collection. 6–7.5 mm long (6–6.7 mm long except G570, G569). Colour: pronotum orange, MN cream; MS very dark brown; elytra entirely dark brown; head between eyes, antennae, palpi, all legs and all ventral surface of thorax dark brown except for yellow pronotal hypomera, brown precoxal bridges, and pale brown coxae 1; basal abdominal ventrites very dark brown; V5 white across posterior half; T6–8 white, T2–5 dark brown. Pronotum: 0.8–1.1 mm long, 1.4 mm wide; W/L = 1.3–1.7; median anterior margin often projecting moderately beyond rounded or angulate anterolateral corners; punctures contiguous over most of disc (slightly more widely separated in G356); subparallel-sided (B=C). Head: GHW 1.2–1.4mm; SIW 0.25mm; ASD = ASW; FS subequal in length, FS 1–4 slightly wider than remainder. Abdomen: MPP L&gt;W; MPP subequal in width to PLP and slightly longer; posterior margin of MPP rounded. T8 without flanges; anterior margin of ridges rounded evenly. Aedeagus: slightly shorter and wider than type (L/W 3/1).</p><p>Males in SAMA collection. 6.4–7.1 mm long. Colour: pronotum orange without marginal dark markings (Wareo 1; Budemu 1); with dark marginal markings extending around all margins in Budemu (2), one with median dark sulcus; dark marginal markings except along midposterior margin in Finschaven (1); narrow anterior and lateral dark markings in Wareo (1), lateral markings only in Wareo (1); MN pale; MS dark brown; rest of ventral body except for white LOs and broad white posterior margin of V5 very dark brown; dorsal abdomen dark brown with T 6–8 pale whitish (T7, 8 dusky brown, lighter than preceding tergites in two Budemu males). Pronotum: 1.1– 1.2 mm long; 1.6–1.8 mm wide; W/L 1.5; all corners angulate; lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly (C slightly&gt; B which is slightly&gt; A); posterior margin slightly undulate with median posterior area broadly and shallowly emarginated. Elytron: 5.3–6.0 mm long. GHW 1.2–1.4 mm; SIW 0.2 mm; ASD slightly &lt;ASW.</p><p>Female. Macropterous. Coloured as for male except white LO restricted to V6. Genitalia and internal reproductive not investigated on pinned specimens.</p><p>Larva. Not associated.</p><p>Remarks. Olivier (1885) described a single female, and subsequently assigned males from the type locality (Yule Island) and Mt Cyclops (Olivier, 1913b). We have been unable to relocate males from Yule Island and what we regard as the definitive redescription above is based on males (one identified by Olivier) from the Cyclops Mountains. The possibility of more than one species from these two localities should be considered. Olivier (1913b) described the dorsal end of the abdomen as white. The two Mt Cyclops males have T8 dark brown.</p><p>Assignment of the remaining specimens to this species is tentative only, and exacerbated by the difficulty in ascertaining the colour of the type male terminal abdomen. Both Lloyd’s collections from lowland areas in Madang and Morobe Provinces, which lack dark margined pronota, and those from elevation in the Mt Lamington area with dark margined pronota, conform otherwise in ventral colouration and paler terminal abdominal tergites to Olivier’s (1913b) description .</p><p>There are now five records of New Guinean Luciolinae having orange pronota with some dark marginal markings including the possible anthracina specimens described here e.g. Luciola melancholica Olivier (1913b) (treated here as Species Incertae); “Species D” and some Pteroptyx (now Medeopteryx) cribellata of Ballantyne and McLean (1970:247, 267); some Pteroptyx (now Medeopteryx) fulminea (Ballantyne 1987a) . In all except L. melancholica the dark markings do not occur in all representatives, and in cribellata and fulminea most of the population described had no dark markings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E2EC560FF6FBF84FD55EE42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E2FC560FF6FBC7CFBF3EAB2.text	E46FF2165E2FC560FF6FBC7CFBF3EAB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola aspera (Olivier) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola aspera (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 18–25]</p><p>Luciola aspera Olivier, 1910a:344; 1913b:417; in Heyden, 1915:177.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) aspera Olivier. McDermott, 1966:99 .</p><p>Holotype. Female. NEW GUINEA. (Musée Senkenberg à Frankfort sur le main; (Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum).</p><p>Other material examined. NEW GUINEA: 3.30 S, 143.34E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.34&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.34/lat -3.3)">East Sepik Province</a>: Amok, 165 m, 6.i.1960, T. Maa, male (BPBM) . 3.35 S, 143.35E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.35/lat -3.35)">Wewak</a>, 2–20 m, 11.x.1957, JLG, female (BPBM) ; Wewak F H Taylor, no date, male (NHML) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The only species of Australoluciola with a wide dark median band on the orange pronotum; elytra dark brown; male V7 trisinuate.</p><p>Male. 5.7 mm long. Colour (Figs 19, 20, 25): pronotum orange with a median brown band (Figs 19, 25); MN orange, MS dark brown; elytra medium brown, lateral margin narrowly pale in anterior 1/3; ventral surface brown except for orange underside of pronotum, orange prosternum, pale yellow posterior half of V5, and creamy white V6, 7; legs brown except for pale coxae, trochanters and basal half of femora; basal tergites brown, T6, 7, 8 pale orange, semitransparent; dorsally reflexed margins of V6 and 7 white. Pronotum (Fig. 25): 1.3 mm long; 1.8 mm wide; W/L=1.4; dorsal surface irregular, with ridges and depressed areas; midanterior margin broadly rounded and projecting only a little in front of angulate anterolateral corners; lateral margins diverging posteriorly, C&gt;A, B; posterolateral corners angulate; punctures broad, shallow, most contiguous. Elytra: 4.4 mm long; punctures minute, sublinear in parts of elytra over short distances. Abdomen (Figs 20, 21): V3 strongly, V4 very weakly recurved; anterior margin of V4 projecting into the posterior area of V3; posterior margin of V7 trisinuate; LOs occupying most of V7 and reaching sides but not posterior margin; MPP apically rounded, short; as wide as and slightly longer than PLP (Fig. 21). T8: Ventral surface with well developed lateral ridges and short, wide, apically rounded flanges; anterolateral prolongations of T8 wide, not as long as posterior entire portion. Aedeagus (Figs 22–24): short wide anterior prolongation of ML (view from beneath); lateral margins of LL curved, and expanded along apical 2/5 and visible beside ML; apices of LL slightly obliquely truncate; L/W 2.9.</p><p>Female (Type female Fig. 18). Macropterous. Genitalia and internal reproductive system not investigated.</p><p>Larva. Not associated.</p><p>Remarks. Association of males is made on the basis of the similarity of pronotal colour to that of the type female. Olivier’s collection in MNHN has a small water colour of this species showing the dark pronotal markings as two dark patches along the posterior area only (Ballantyne examination 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E2FC560FF6FBC7CFBF3EAB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E2DC562FF6FBF84FE21E9D5.text	E46FF2165E2DC562FF6FBF84FE21E9D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola australis (Fabricius) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola australis (Fabricius) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 26–34]</p><p>Lampyris australis Fabricius 1775:201; 1781:253; 1787:162; 1792:102; 1801:104. Lacordaire, 1857:338. Motschulsky, 1854:53 (partim). Nec Guérin-Méneville, 1838:74. Boisduval, 1835:125, plate vi, Fig. 13.</p><p>Lampyris italica var. australis Fabricius. Olivier, G., 1790:18 . Fabricius, 1792:104. Luciola australis (F.). Laporte, 1833:150. Lea, 1909:108 (partim). Masters, 1886:288; 1888:327. McDermott, 1966:99. (partim). Ballantyne, 1988:161. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin, 2001: 57; 2009: 21. Nec Gorham, 1880:104; Olivier, 1883:330; 1885:362; 1902:74 (larva); 1907:50; 1909b:lxxxi; 1913b:417; Olliff, 1890:652; Lea, 1921a:197.</p><p>Luciola pudica Olliff, 1890:652 . Lea, 1909:109 (female). Ballantyne, 1988:162 (Synonymy).</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) pudica Olliff. McDermott, 1966:112 (partim). Calder, 1998:178.</p><p>Lectotype. Male. NEW HOLLAND (designated by Ballantyne, 1988) in Hunterian collection, University of Glasgow (see below).</p><p>Other specimens examined. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Townsville, banks of Ross River, 15–16.ix.1980, J. Case mating pair (ANIC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male 5.5–7.0 mm long; pronotum orange, elytra very dark brown (Fig. 26, 27), ventral surface mostly yellow; eyes without any visible posterolateral excavation when head withdrawn; MPP rounded (Fig. 28); V7 without PLP; ventral surface of T8 with lateral ridges having an angulate anterior area (Fig. 30). Aedeagus (Figs 31–33) elongate slender, lateral margins of LL slightly curved such that lateral margins at apex are narrowly visible beside ML (view from beneath); L/W 5.0. Female macropterous, coloured like male except pale LO in V7 only; two wide separate pairs of plates in bursa (Fig. 34). Larva with small rounded protuberances along posterior margins of terga, found in coastal mangrove flats; distinguished from Aus. nigra by the presence of well developed tubercles along the anterior margin of the protergum (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000 Fig. 22a).</p><p>Remarks. Lampyris australis F. was the only firefly collected along the Queensland coast during the voyage of Captain Cook in 1770, is thus among the first insect collection made in Australia by Joseph Banks, and was probably taken in mangroves at the Endeavour River near what is now Cooktown. The male in the Hunterian collection is pale brown ventrally, doubtless an attribute of age. Dorsal colouration of freshly collected specimens is similar to most of the New Guinean Medeopteryx species. The identity of this species was resolved by Ballantyne (1988) who redescribed males, females and larvae. With the exception of one record from New South Wales (no specific locality was given and this is probably a case of mislabelling) it appears restricted to coastal Queensland in mangrove areas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E2DC562FF6FBF84FE21E9D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E2DC57CFF6FBA17FD53EC0F.text	E46FF2165E2DC57CFF6FBA17FD53EC0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola baduria Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola baduria sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 35–37]</p><p>Holotype. Male. INDONESIA (as Dutch New Guinea): 1.45S, 136.08E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.08/lat -1.45)">Japen Island Mt Baduri</a> 1000 feet viii.1938 LEC (NHML).</p><p>Paratypes (14). Same locality as holotype, 11 males. Japen Island: Mania-Undei 500 feet x.1938 LEC male (BPBM); Camp 2 Mt Eiori 2000 feet x 1938 LEC male; camp 3 central range Mt Oud 3000 feet xi.1938 LEC 2 males (NHML) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Pronotum orange, elytra dark brown; distinguished from all other Australoluciola with similar dorsal colouration by the swollen and slightly curved femora 3 and the curved tibiae 3 in the male (Fig. 37); MPP longer than wide, considerably longer than the rounded PLP of V7.</p><p>Male. 4.9–6.1 mm long. Colour: pronotum orange; MN creamy white; MS dusky brown; elytra very dark brown almost black; all of ventral surface dark brown except for white LOs in V6, 7; T7, 8 pale semitransparent, remainder of tergites brown; dorsally reflexed margins of V6, 7 pale. Pronotum: 1.2–1.5 mm wide, 1.2–1.5 mm long; W/L = 2.4–3.0; midanterior margin broadly rounded, scarcely projecting beyond angulate anterolateral corners; lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly (C slightly&gt; B); punctures contiguous or separated by up to their width. Elytra: pin punctate, often irregularly so along margins, punctures separated by their width. Abdomen (Figs 35, 36): V3, V4 posterior margins not recurved; posterior margin of V7 trisinuate, LOs in V7 occupying most of the area and reaching sides but not posterior margin; MPP apex slightly produced, L&gt;W; PLP rounded, not produced as far as MPP. T8: Ventral surface with anterior margins of lateral ridges effaced; no flanges. Aedeagus (similar to Figs 39–41): anterior portion of ML slender and prolonged; lateral margins of LL straight, tapering to apex; apices of LL narrowly rounded; L/W=5.0. Aedeagal sheath similar to Figs 42, 43.</p><p>Female, Larva. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is regarded as a noun in apposition, latinised from, and highlighting, the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. Two species of Australoluciola bearing expanded hind femora and curved tibiae, (a feature seen in most species of Pyrophanes), lack the MFC (seen in all species of Pyrophanes). The possible function of such male leg modifications is discussed subsequently.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E2DC57CFF6FBA17FD53EC0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E33C57CFF6FBEA4FADEE995.text	E46FF2165E33C57CFF6FBEA4FADEE995.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola flavicollis (Macleay) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola flavicollis (Macleay) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 45–55]</p><p>Luciola flavicollis Macleay, 1872:263 . Masters, 1886:289. Olliff, 1890:653. Olivier, 1902:79; 1907:52; 1910b:42. Lea,</p><p>1909:109; 1921a:197; 1921b:65. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000:60; 2009:21. Nec Armitage, 1908:28. Luciola (Luciola) flavicollis Macleay. McDermott, 1966:104 . Calder, 1998:179. Luciola Gestroi Olivier, 1885:366; 1902:79; 1907:52; 1910b:42; 1913b:417 (Synonymy). Masters, 1886:289. McDermott,</p><p>1966:104. [Fig. 47]. Luciola gestroi Olivier, 1909b:lxxxi. Lea, 1909:109. (Synonymy). Luciola coarcticollis Olivier, 1888:59; 1902:76; 1907:51; 1909b:lxxxi; 1910b:42. Lea, 1909:109 (Synonymy). [Fig. 46]. Luciola flavicollis var. coarcticollis Olivier. McDermott, 1966:104 (Synonymy) . Nec Luciola gestroi var. nigra Olivier, 1885:366 . McDermott, 1966:104.</p><p>Holotype. Male AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 25.37 S, 151.37E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.37/lat -25.37)">Gayndah</a> (AMSA).</p><p>Other specimens examined. AUSTRALIA: Queensland, 13.59S, 143.33E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.33&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.59" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.33/lat -13.59)">Silver Plains</a> Homestead, J. L. Wassell 1.iv.1960 6 females (ANIC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males small (4.5–6.5 mm long); pronotum orange; elytra light or dark brown, always with some paler yellow or orange markings along sides or across base (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000 Fig. 19; Fig. 45); ventral body very dark brown to black except for pale yellow prothorax, yellow areas of legs, and white LO which is restricted to a median basal area in V7 (Fig. 48); MPP of V7 prolonged, sub-parallel-sided or with sides tapering posteriorly, and apically emarginate; posterolateral corners of V7 rounded, not projecting (Fig. 48); aedeagus with relatively short and wide anterior prolongation of ML; lateral margins of LL straight, not expanded in apical ½ (Figs 49–51); aedeagal sheath (Fig. 52, 53). Female macropterous, coloured as for male except pale LO in V6 only; two wide pairs of plates in bursa, anterior pair with internal ridge (Figs 54, 55). Larva similar to that of Aus.nigra, distinguished by the arrangement of tubercles on the dorsum (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000 Fig. 22 c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E33C57CFF6FBEA4FADEE995	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E33C579FF6FBA41FF19E964.text	E46FF2165E33C579FF6FBA41FF19E964.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola foveicollis (Ballantyne & Lambkin 1966) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola foveicollis (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 56–65]</p><p>Luciola foveicollis Olivier, 1909a:316 .</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) foveicollis Olivier. McDermott, 1966:104 .</p><p>Lectotype. Male. NEW GUINEA 09.25S 147.35E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.35/lat -9.25)">Central Province</a>: labelled 1. New Guinea S. E. Haveri, Loria, VII–XI, 1893; 2. Typus in red print; 3. handwritten label foveicollis E. Oliv.; designated here (MCSN).</p><p>Other specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: 8.30S, 151.06E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.06&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.06/lat -8.3)">Milne Bay Province</a> Kiriwini, Trobriand Island iii– iv–v.1895 A S Meek male (MNHN) . 08.55S, 148.10E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.1/lat -8.55)">Mt Lamington</a> 1300–1500 feet C T McNamara 10 males 4 females (SAMA) . 09.25S 147.35E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.35/lat -9.25)">Central Province</a>, Haveri vii–ix (18)93, Loria, male bearing pink handwritten label “ L foveicollis Ern Oliv. ”(MNHN) Olivier Box 72. Paumomu Riv. Loria ix–xii (18) 92 male (MNHN) . 9.30S, 150.40E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.4/lat -9.3)">Milne Bay prov.</a>, Fergusson Is ix x xi xii (18)94 A S Meek female (Pic box 40 id by Pic), male (Olivier box 72) (MNHN) . Mamai Plantation near Port Glasgow 60 m, 12.11.1965 male RS (BPBM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. One of three New Guinean Australoluciola with orange pronotum, dark elytra and trisinuate posterior margin of V7. Distinguished by the larger irregularly shaped punctures across parts of the elytra; distinguished from Aus. anthracina most obviously by the pale T7, 8 (those of some anthracina are dark), and from Aus. pharusaurea, which has only been recorded on New Britain, by the dark head (that of pharusaurea is golden yellow between the eyes).</p><p>Male. 8.0– 9.2 mm long (lectotype 8.3mm). Colour (Figs 56, 57): pronotum pale yellow-orange; pale semitransparent areas of pronotum reveal fat body beneath; MN pale yellow; MS yellowish, brown posteriorly in lectotype, or pale yellowish brown; elytra shiny, dark often reddish brown, with sutural ridge narrowly paler in lectotype, sutural ridge and lateral margins narrowly reddish brown in Paumomu and some Mt Lamington males; head, labrum, antennae and palpi medium to dark brown; ventral surface of prothorax yellow; coxae, trochanters and basal 1/3 femora 1, 2 yellow, remainder of legs 1, 2 brown; ventral surface of mesothorax yellowish, semitransparent; ventral surface of metathorax medium brown; coxae 3 light brown, trochanters and bases of femora pale, semitransparent, remainder of legs 3 medium to dark brown; basal abdominal ventrites medium brown, may be semitransparent; posterior margin of V5 narrowly pale; LOs in V6, 7 yellowish; T6–8 clear cream, semi-transparent; basal abdominal tergites medium brown, semi-transparent. Pronotum (Fig. 58): 1.4–2.9 mm wide, 0.9–1.7 mm long; W/L = 1.5–1.7; densely clothed in short yellow hairs; surface dull; punctures contiguous; midanterior margin gently rounded, projecting only a little beyond broadly rounded anterolateral corners with lateral margins subparallel-sided (B=C) in lectotype and Trobriand male where anterolateral corners are angulate; lateral margins usually strongly divergent posteriorly with anterolateral corners acute, posterolateral corners usually acute, broadly rounded in Paumomu River male. Elytron (Figs 59, 60): 3 slightly elevated interstitial lines visible; punctures over lateral surface broader than pronotal punctures and somewhat irregular in outline. Head: moderately excavated between the eyes; GHW 1.6 (lectotype)–2.0 mm; SIW 0.3 mm; ASW = ASD in lectotype, ASD &lt;ASW in remainder; FS subequal in length. Abdomen (Figs 61, 62): LOs occupying V6, 7 entirely except for narrow posterior margin of 7 and extending into MPP and PLP; MPP of V7 rounded, W&gt;L and longer than PLP; posterior margin of T8 gently trisinuate with lateral margins diverging anteriorly (Fig. 62); ventral face of T8 gently concave in median area, with lateral ridges slightly developed, and flanges absent. Aedeagus (Figs 63–65): relatively short and wide anterior prolongtion of ML; lateral margins of LL straight, not expanded in apical ½, apices obliquely truncate; L/W=3.5.</p><p>Remarks. A lectotype male (first in a syntype series) was designated to overcome inconsistent descriptions of this species, which did not allow adequate categorisation of foveicollis . Olivier (1909a) recorded foveicollis from Haveri in Central province (Sogeri Plateau) on the mainland of New Guinea, and described unusual pronotal sculpturing. LB saw nothing distinctive on the lectotype and other Haveri specimens pronotum (Fig. 58) except the midposterolateral depressed areas which Olivier did not highlight. However Medeopteryx sublustris has distinctive pronotal sculpturing (Fig. 184), but resembles foveicollis in colouration only. The male of Aus. aspera has distinctive pronotal sculpturing, but differs from Aus. foveicollis in pronotal colouration (Fig. 25). Olivier (1909a) described the "apparent" similarity of foveicollis to the female of aspera . Olivier (1913b) recorded the species from Haveri*, Paumomu River, Kiriwini*, Trobriand* and Fergusson* of which the last three are islands (the Trobriand Islands are now officially known as the Kiriwina Islands). Specimens from * have been relocated and are addressed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E33C579FF6FBA41FF19E964	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E36C57BFF6FBB77FA9CEE91.text	E46FF2165E36C57BFF6FBB77FA9CEE91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola fuscamagna Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola fuscamagna sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 66–74]</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 7.20S, 146.45E, Morobe Pr., 4 mi n Wau. elev. c 2800' nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.45/lat -7.2)">Kunai Creek Lae Rd.</a> 1969, J.E. Lloyd (G322) (ANIC).</p><p>Paratypes (4). All same locality as holotype; Oct. 17 male (G317); Nov. 12 male (G568) (JELC); Nov. 12 male (G579); Nov. 14 male (G608) (ANIC) .</p><p>Code names. Luciola 7, "Big Black" (Lloyd, 1973a).</p><p>Diagnosis. Males dark brown (see Table 9) except for white posterior margin of V5, white LOs in V6, 7 and pale T6–8; distinguished from the similarly coloured Aus. fuscaparva sp. nov. by its larger size and light patterns, and from Tri. papuana by the entire LO in V7.</p><p>Male. 6.2–6.6 mm long. Colour (Figs 66, 67, 68, 71): entirely dark brown except for white posterior margin of V5 (Fig. 68), white LOs in V6 and 7, pale semitransparent T6–8, and white dorsally reflexed margins of V6 and 7; pronotum viewed under strong illumination is paler in convex areas and very dark brown in concave areas. Pronotum (Fig. 71): 0.8–1.2 mm long; 1.2–1.4 mm wide; W/L = 1.1–1.5; midanterior margin rounded, projecting moderately beyond angulate anterolateral corners; lateral margins subparallel-sided (A=B=C); punctures small, shallow, separated over most of the disc by twice their width. Elytra (Fig. 66): 5.4 mm long; shiny, punctures dense, many contiguous. Abdomen (Figs 67, 68): V3, V4 posterior margins not recurved; posterior margin of V7 trisinuate; LOs in V7 occupying most of the area and reaching to sides but not to posterior margin; MPP apically rounded, L=W; as wide as and slightly longer than PLP. T8: Ventral surface of T8 with well developed lateral ridges without flanges, anterior inner area of ridges rounded; anterolateral prolongations of T8 wide, not as long as posterior entire portion. Aedeagus (Figs 69, 70): anterior prolongation of ML short and wide; lateral margins of LL straight, converging posteriorly with apical ½ of lateral margins not visible beside ML; apices LL obliquely truncate and narrow; L/W=4.0.</p><p>Remarks. The specific name fuscamagna emphasizes the dark dorsal colouration (Latin, fuscus = dark or black) and the size difference (magnus = big) between this and fuscaparva ( Luciola species 8, "Little Black") to which it is most similar. Males "emitted a rapid, 1–sec flicker of 7–11 modulations each 3–4 sec" (Lloyd, 1973a).</p><p>All listed species are characterised by recent taxonomic treatments except for Luciola flebilis and L. picea from Sumatra, both of which have entirely dark colouration except for the white V5–7, and may have been based on the same species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E36C57BFF6FBB77FA9CEE91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E34C57AFF6FBB59FD91EDBF.text	E46FF2165E34C57AFF6FBB59FD91EDBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola fuscaparva Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola fuscaparva sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 72–74]</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 7.20S, 146.45E, Morobe Pr., 4 mi n Wau elev. c 2800', nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.45/lat -7.2)">Kunai Creek</a>, Lae Road, Oct. 18, 1969, J.E. Lloyd, (G352) (ANIC).</p><p>Paratype s. Same locality as holotype, Oct. 18 3 males (G348); Nov. 13 male (G590) (JELC); Oct. 17 male (G315); Nov. 16 male (G613); Nov. 12 male (G573); Oct. 18 male (G350) (ANIC).</p><p>Code Names. Luciola 8, "little black" (Lloyd, 1973a).</p><p>Diagnosis. Males dark brown (see Table 9) except for white posterior margin of V5, white LOs in V6, 7 and pale T6–8; distinguished from Aus. fuscamagna by its smaller size and different light patterns. Table 9 lists Luciolinae species having dark dorsal colouration.</p><p>Male. 3.5–4.5 mm long. Colour (Figs 72, 74): entirely dark brown except for white V6 and 7 (LOs), white posterior 1/5 of V5, pale semitransparent T6–8 (Fig. 72), and small reddish brown elevated areas of pronotal disc. Pronotum (Fig. 74): 0.8–1.2 mm long, 0.9–1.4 mm wide; W/L = 1.2–1.3; median anterior margin projecting moderately beyond angulate anterolateral corners; lateral margins subparallel-sided (A=B=C); punctures shallow, separated at most by their width; median convex areas of disc smooth, shiny, almost apunctate. Elytra (Fig. 72): shiny, punctures dense, subcontiguous. Abdomen (Figs 72, 73): V3, V4 with posterior margins not recurved; posterior margin of V7 trisinuate (some ethanol preserved specimens appear to have PLP not produced); LOs in V7 occupying most of the area and reaching to sides but not to posterior margin; MPP apically rounded, L=W; as wide as and slightly longer than PLP (Figs). T8: Ventral surface of T8 with well developed lateral ridges without flanges, anterior inner area of ridges rounded; anterolateral prolongations of T8 wide, not as long as posterior entire portion. Aedeagus: anterior prolongation of ML short and wide; lateral margins of LL straight, converging posteriorly with apical ½ of lateral margins not visible beside ML; apices LL rounded; L/W=4.0.</p><p>Remarks. This species is named for its similarity to Aus. fuscamagna and its smaller size (Latin, fuscus = dark, or black; parvus = small). Aus. fuscaparva flew in "a jerky, erratic manner while emitting 3–8 (usually 4–6) rapid flashes; each flash had a duration of ca 0.14 sec." in contrast to Aus. fuscamagna which "emitted a rapid, 1 sec. flicker” (Lloyd 1973b). Lloyd (1977) remarked "the flicker frequency of the little black Luciola is about half that of its relative" ( Aus. fuscamagna).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E34C57AFF6FBB59FD91EDBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E35C57AFF6FBE34FEF9E8F1.text	E46FF2165E35C57AFF6FBE34FEF9E8F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola japenensis Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola japenensis sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 38–44]</p><p>Holotype. Male. INDONESIA (as Dutch New Guinea): 1.45S, 136.08E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.08/lat -1.45)">Japen Island Mt Baduri</a> 1000 feet viii.1938 LEC (NHML).</p><p>Paratypes (13). Same locality as holotype, 2 males, 11 females (NHML) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsal surface yellowish orange except for narrow dusky brown apex of elytra; distinguished from all other Australoluciola by the dorsal colouration; one of two Australoluciola with expanded and curved femora 3 and the curved tibiae 3 in the male (similar to Fig. 37). Distinguished from Aus. baduri sp. nov. by the elytral colouration; MPP longer than wide, considerably longer than the rounded posterolateral corners of V7 (Fig. 44).</p><p>Male. 4.8 – 5.5 mm long. Colour: pronotum, MS, and elytra yellowish orange, elytra with restricted dusky apical area; MN whitish due to underlying fat body; head between eyes yellowish, labrum brown, antennae and apical palpomeres dark brown; ventral surface of body (excluding LOs) yellowish except for brown apices of femora 1, 2 and brown tibiae and tarsi 1, 2; LO in V6, 7 whitish, extending into PLP and MPP except for a very narrow posterior margin; dorsal surface of abdomen including terminal tergites yellowish. Pronotum: 1.4–1.5 mm wide, 0.8–1.0 mm long; W/L = 1.5–1.8; midanterior margin rounded, not projecting beyond angulate anterolateral corners; lateral margins subparallel-sided (A=B=C or B=C); punctures contiguous or separated by up to their width. Elytra: pin punctate, often irregularly so along margins, punctures separated by their width. Head: gently excavated between eyes; GHW 0.9–1.0 mm; SIW 0.2 mm; ASD&gt; ASW. Abdomen (Fig. 44; similar to Figs 35, 36): V3, V4 posterior margins not recurved; posterior margin of V7 trisinuate, posterolateral corners rounded, not produced as far as MPP (Fig. 44); LOs in V7 occupying most of the area and reaching to sides and well into PLP and MPP except for a very narrow posterior margin; MPP apex truncate slightly rounded, L&gt;W. T8: posterior margin straight (Fig. 44); ventral surface with lateral ridges effaced anteriorly, no flanges. Aedeagus (Figs 39 -41): anterior portion of ML slender and prolonged (arrowed in Figs); lateral margins of LL straight, tapering to apex; apices of LL narrowly rounded; L/W 5.0. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 42, 43).</p><p>Female. Associated by label data only. Macropterous, coloured as for male except for ventral abdomen where ventrites preceding LO are brownish; LO white; V7, 8 semitransparent yellowish. Bursa plates (Fig. 38) observed through whole abdomen soaked in cold KOH, wide and paired.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name (latinised, genitive case) derives from the type locality, meaning “of japen”.</p><p>Remarks. Two species of Australoluciola bear swollen hind femora and curved tibiae, a feature seen in most species of Pyrophanes, but lack the MFC. The possible functions of such male leg modifications are discussed subsequently.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E35C57AFF6FBE34FEF9E8F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E35C575FF6FBAF2FCA3EC9F.text	E46FF2165E35C575FF6FBAF2FCA3EC9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola maxima Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola maxima sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 75–82]</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 3.22S 142.14E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.14&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.14/lat -3.22)">West Sepik Province</a>, Torricelli Mt Sea Falls near Afua, 1700 feet 1939 P G Moore (NHML).</p><p>Paratype (1). Male, same data as holotype (NHML) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The largest species of Australoluciola (9.9–10 mm long) with orange pronotum, dark brown non margined elytra and trisinuate posterior margin to V7; abdominal tergites dark brown.</p><p>Male. 9.9–10 mm long. Colour (Figs75–77): pronotum and MN orange, MS dusky brown, elytra very dark brown; all of ventral surface including head mouthparts and antennae, very dark brown except for white LO in V6, 7, and white posterior margin of V5; basal portion of MPP behind LO clear semitransparent, tip of MPP very dark brown; LO in V6, 7 whitish, extending into PLP and MPP except for a narrow posterior margin; dorsal surface of abdomen including terminal tergites dark brown (Figs 76, 77). Pronotum: 2.9 mm wide, 1.7–1.9 mm long; W/L = 1.5–1.7; midanterior margin rounded, barely projecting beyond anterolateral corners; lateral margins divergent posteriorly (C, B&gt;A); punctures contiguous or separated by less than their width. Elytra: pin punctate, punctures separated by their width; two to three weakly defined interstitial lines visible. Head: strongly excavated between eyes; GHW 1.9–2.0 mm; SIW 0.3 mm; ASD &lt;ASW. Abdomen (Figs 75–77): V3, V4 posterior margins not recurved; posterior margin of V7 trisinuate, posterolateral corners rounded, not produced as far as MPP; LOs in V7 occupying most of the area and reaching to sides and well into PLP and MPP, except for a narrow posterior margin; MPP apex slightly rounded, L&gt;W. T8: posterior margin slightly obliquely truncate beside median emargination (Fig. 77); ventral surface with lateral ridges rounded anteriorly, no flanges. Aedeagus (Figs 78–80): margins of ML subparallelsided; anterior prolongation of ML short and wide; lateral margins of LL straight, not expanded in apical ½; apices of LL obliquely truncate; L/W=3.2. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 81, 82).</p><p>Female and Larva. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. Named for its size (Latin maximus, a, um large).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E35C575FF6FBAF2FCA3EC9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E3BC574FF6FBF84FD3EEE34.text	E46FF2165E3BC574FF6FBF84FD3EEE34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola nigra (Olivier) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola nigra (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>Luciola Gestroi var. nigra Olivier, 1885:366 .</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) nigra Olivier stat. nov. Ballantyne in Calder, 1998: 179. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000:63; 2009:21.</p><p>Luciola humilis Olivier, 1896:2; 1902:80; 1907:52. Lea, 1909:108; 1921a:7. Ballantyne in Calder, 1998:179.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) humilis Olivier. McDermott, 1966:105 . Ballantyne in Calder, 1998:179 (synonymy).</p><p>Luciola scutellaris Lea, 1929:344 . Ballantyne in Calder, 1998:179 (synonymy).</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) scutellaris Lea. McDermott, 1966:113 .</p><p>Holotype. Male. Luciola humilis QUEENSLAND: Cairns (NHML).</p><p>Other specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: 8.51S, 143.11E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.4/lat -7.22)">Western district</a> Oriomo 3m, 6.viii.1964 H Clissold male (BPBM). 146.40E, 7.22S, Wau Morobe Dist Big Wau Creek 1300m xi.1965 JLG malaise trap male (BPBM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males small to medium (4.8–7.6 mm long); pronotum orange, MS orange or black; elytra very dark brown, almost black; ventral surface of metathorax, and of V2–5 black; white LO occupying all of V6 (lateral margins sometimes dark brown); LO restricted to median basal area of V7, which is otherwise black; pronotal punctures small, shallow, mostly contiguous; MPP of V7 conspicuously produced, and may be slightly emarginate at apex; ventral surface of T8 with lateral ridges without flanges. Female macropterous, coloured as for male except for pale cream LO in V6. Larva dorsally pale with a broad pale median band (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000 Fig. 22c), distinguished from the very similar larvae of Aus. australis and Aus. orapallida in without marginal tubercles along the anterior margin of the protergum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E3BC574FF6FBF84FD3EEE34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E3BC574FF6FBCA1FD69E863.text	E46FF2165E3BC574FF6FBCA1FD69E863.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola orapallida (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola orapallida (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) orapallida Ballantyne. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000:67 .</p><p>Holotype. Male. QUEENSLAND: 13.57S, 143.12E, Cape York Peninsula, east coast, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.12&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.12/lat -13.57)">Silver Plains</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.12&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.12/lat -13.57)">Massey River</a>, 12.xii.1964, salt-water couch, L. Powell (QMBA T62935).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male 6.0– 7.2 mm long; similar to Aus. australis (F.) and Aus. flavicollis (Macleay), distinguished by the broad pale lateral bands on the elytra, the pale colour of the venter and the outline of V7, and the narrow, widely separated aedeagal LL. Female macropterous, coloured as for male. Presumed larva similar to that of Aus. australis (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000 Fig. 22b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E3BC574FF6FBCA1FD69E863	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E3BC576FF6FBA5DFEF4EB6C.text	E46FF2165E3BC576FF6FBA5DFEF4EB6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australoluciola pharusaurea Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Australoluciola pharusaurea sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 83–91]</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 4.12S, 152.11E, New Britain, Gazelle Pen., 8.2 miles S. Rabaul, Nov. 23, 1969, J.E. Lloyd (G642) (ANIC).</p><p>Paratype s (8). Same locality as holotype, 4 males, female Nov. 23 1969 (G638, 639, 640, 643, 645) (JELC); Rabaul, Nov. 24 1969 J.E. Lloyd 3 males, female (G648) (ANIC) . Kerevat, 19.Xi.1969, J. Buck 2 females (Tube KE /31 #31/III/21) (ANIC) .</p><p>Code Name. Luciola 4 (Lloyd, 1973a).</p><p>Diagnosis. Pronotum orange, elytra dull reddish brown; head between eyes yellow; posterolateral corners of V7 rounded, not appearing produced in dried pinned specimens.</p><p>Male. 5.5––6.8 mm long. Colour (Figs 83–86): pronotum dull deep orange; retraction of fat body beneath cuticle leaving irregularly shaped darker areas; pronotal punctures margined in deeper orange; MS and MN yellow; elytra deep reddish brown, dusky brown on humeral angle, basal 1/4 of epipleuron and basal 1/8 of sutural ridge narrowly dusky orange; (pubescence of dorsal body appears golden yellow under high illumination; if not so illuminated elytral surface appears dull); head between eyes pale clear yellow, semitransparent (Fig. 85); labrum light brown; apices of palpi dark brown; scape and pedicel dark red brown, shiny, FS dull dark brown; pro and mesosterna and pleura yellow; coxae, trochanters 1, 2 and femora 1, 2 yellow; tibiae, tarsi and apices of femora 1, 2 dark brown; ventral surface of metathorax medium brown; coxae 3 brown; anterior face trochanters 3 brown, posterior face yellow; femora 3 yellow except for brown apical fourth; remainder of legs 3 brown; basal abdominal ventrites dark brown; V5 dark brown, with irregular white markings across posterior margin (Fig. 87); V6 and 7 white; basal abdominal tergites dark brown; terminal 3 tergites very pale brown, semitransparent, T8 narrowly brown along lateral and posterior margins (Figs 88, 90); dorsally uprolled lateral margins of V6 and 7 creamy white (Fig. 88). Pronotum (Fig. 84): 1.6 mm wide, 1.2 mm long; W/L = 1.3; midanterior margin broadly rounded, projecting considerably beyond angulate anterolateral corners; lateral margins subparallel; punctures contiguous over most of disc. Elytra (Fig. 83): dull, with dense subcontiguous punctures. Head: GHW 1.3–1.4 mm; SIW 0.2 mm; ASD &lt;ASW. Abdomen (Figs87, 88): posterior margin of V7 not trisinuate, posterolateral corners appearing rounded and not produced posteriorly in pinned specimens, and slightly angulate in ethanol preserved specimens; LOs occupying most of V7, reaching sides but not posterior margin; MPP medianly shallowly emarginated or truncate, L=W. T8 (Fig. 90): Ventral surface with well developed lateral ridges and short, wide rounded flanges. Aedeagus: prolongation of ML short and wide; lateral margins of LL straight, not expanded along outer ½; apices obliquely truncate; L/W=6.0. Aedeagal sheath (Fig. 89).</p><p>Female. 4.5 mm long; coloured as for male except for narrowly white posterior margin of V5; white LO in V6 only; V7 pale in median area (due to fat body), dark laterally and along posterior margin; V8 brown. Bursa plates (Fig. 91).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name, pharusaurea [pharus (Greek) = lighthouse and aureus (Latin) = golden] emphasizes the pattern of light production observed for one male which "emitted 40 consecutive flashes without an omission" (Lloyd, 1973a), as well as the golden colour of the head and pronotum.</p><p>Remarks. McDermott (1966) recorded only Luciola leucura Olivier from New Britain, but listed six New Guinea species having orange pronotum, and uniformly dark elytra. All were described with a trisinuate posterior margin to V7, inconsistent with this species. Of these Luciola venusta and L. timida may not be from New Guinea and are discussed; Aus. foveicollis and M. pupilla are characterised here. Olivier (1885) based Luciola anthracina on a female; male specimens assigned subsequently (Olivier, 1913b) were described with trilobed V7 and the ventral surface of the abdomen black except for the white V6 and 7 and white posterior margin of V5 (males are redescribed here). Aus. pharusaurea differs from Aus. anthracina in its distribution, ventral colouration, and non trisinuate posterior margin of V7. Luciola ruficollis was described with black head, V7 trilobed, ventral thorax reddish and ventral abdomen yellow [Guérin-Méneville (1838)]. McDermott's (1966) reference to Plate XXXV in Girard (1873) for L. ruficollis is to a species with lateral prolongations of the antennal FS, inconsistent with any known Luciolinae . Ballantyne (1987a) considered Pteroptyx antennata and L. ruficollis could be conspecific. Aus. pharusaurea differs from L. ruficollis in its darker ventral colouration and presently known distribution. The latter is not identifiable in collections, and is treated under Species Incertae.</p><p>Lloyd (1973a) observed that no more than two males of this species were seen flying at any one time, and that these "emitted series of single short flashes ... with a period of about 0.5 seconds", and he described the pursuit of a flying female by a male. Aus. pharusaurea is sympatric in New Britain with the orange head Medeopteroptyx effulgens, males of which flashed "single short flashes at a flash period of about 1.2 secs", contrasting with a flash period of 0.5 secs for Aus. pharusaurea . These two orange headed species from New Britain are morphologically distinctive, differing in colour, punctation of pronotum and elytra, pronotal outline, and possession of the deflexed elytral apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E3BC576FF6FBA5DFEF4EB6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E39C572FF6FB94FFA4DEB2F.text	E46FF2165E39C572FF6FB94FFA4DEB2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colophotia Motschulsky	<div><p>Colophotia Motschulsky</p><p>[Figs 92–108]</p><p>Colophotia Dejean, 1833:103 (catalogue name only).</p><p>Colophotia Motschulsky, 1853: 51 . Olivier, 1885: 367; (in Baer), 1886: 132; 1907: 56; 1910b: 48; 1911b: 102; 1913a: 59. McDermott, 1966: 116. Ballantyne, 1968: 106; 1987b: 173, 175–177. Ballantyne and McLean, 1970: 234. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009:155, Figs 98–105).</p><p>Type species: Lampyris praeusta Eschscholtz, 1822, designated by Motschulsky (1853).</p><p>Diagnosis. Colophotia is probably a heterogeneous assemblage of species and this definition is based on three species ( praeusta, the type species, concolor and plagiata) scored by Ballantyne and Lambkin (2009) and herein. Males most obviously distinguished by the bipartite LO in V7 separated by a longitudinal carina (Figs 99, 102, 103, 107, 108), oblique PLP, deeply emarginate MPP prolonged into two hooks curving dorsally, FS 7–9 conspicuously shorter than remaining FS [Fig. 101), anteriorly prolonged anterolateral corners of T7, very elongate paired anterior prolongations of T8, very elongate aedeagal sheath and shortened aedeagal LL (Fig. 198) (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Figs 98–105).</p><p>Female (Figs 92–98, 104–106). Macropterous and assumed capable of flight. Pronotal outline similar to that of male. No legs or parts thereof swollen and /or curved. Median posterior margin of V7 widely emarginate, median area not broadly rounded. Bursa with wide paired plates on each side, anterior pair larger and inner margins rugulose (Figs 94–98, 106).</p><p>Larva. (Associated by breeding for C. praeusta only). Terrestrial; elongate, slender spindle shaped (Ballantyne and Lambkin 2009 Fig. 517), of the form of Pteroptyx maipo and several Australian Australoluciola sp. larvae (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000; Ballantyne et al 2011).</p><p>Remarks. All references to Colophotia subsequent to and including Motschulsky (1853) attributes the genus to Dejean (1833). This latter reference is a catalogue name only. Motschulsky (1853) gave the first description and designated a type species.</p><p>McDermott (1966) listed ten species from either the Philippines or Indonesia. Few are well defined and the genus requires an extensive revision which is not currently possible here. Most are dorsally pale with black tipped elytral apices except for C. plagiata which has dark elytra, and the totally pale C bakeri Pic, C. concolor Olivier and C. miranda Olivier. Colophotia miranda was described with a single recurved appendage on the male terminal abdomen, suggestive of Pygoluciola, and subsequently (Olivier, 1913a) with 2 appendages. Its status is uncertain and it may have been based on a female. Luciola truncata Olivier, 1886 is known only from a female; McDermott (1966) erroneously assigned it to Colophotia . C. brevis Olivier lacks a median carina between LO halves and its status needs investigation (Ballantyne obs.). Blair’s (1927) description of a C. brevis larva without laterally explanate tergal margins cannot be confirmed.</p><p>McDermott (1962:24) described “the apical ventral (abdominal) plate bears two parallel longitudinal hooked carinae with a slot between them through which projects a triangular plate”, and considered figure 23b of the lateral aspect of the abdominal apex showed the "projecting aedeagus" and the "triangular plate". The aedeagus is not visible in this unlabelled figure and McDermott's reference is either to the bifurcate MPP of V7, with its well developed and dorsally curving hooks, or to the posterolateral projections of that ventrite; anterior to these and between the light organ halves is a median (single) carina projecting to the right of the figure. McDermott (1962) incorrectly represented the aedeagus of Colophotia praeusta; he probably extracted the aedeagus still enclosed in the aedeagal sheath and appears to have figured both.</p><p>List of species of Colophotia Motschulsky Sensu McDermott (1966)</p><p>- Pic</p><p>- brachyura Olivier</p><p>- Olivier</p><p>- concolor Olivier</p><p>- elongata Pic</p><p>- miranda Olivier *</p><p>- particulariventris Pic</p><p>- plagiata Erichson</p><p>- praeusta Eschsch.</p><p>- truncata Olivier *</p><p>- * Species Incertae</p><p>Key to species of Colophotia using males</p><p>This is a key to the three species scored by Ballantyne and Lambkin (2009), Fu et al. (2012a) and here.</p><p>1. Elytra totally pale yellow dorsally; median carina between LO halves.low and wide; apical hooks on MPP strongly asymmetrical; posterolateral corners of T8 strongly prolonged (Ballantyne and Lambkin 2009 Figs 510–512)....... concolor Olivier Either elytra dark brown with pale lateral and sutural margins (e.g. as in Fig. 92), or if pale dorsally elytral apices dark brown (Figs 100, 101); narrow high median carina present between lightorgan halves (Figs 102, 103, 107); apical hooks on MPP not strongly asymmetrical; posterolateral corners of T8 not strongly prolonged (Ballantyne and Lambkin 2009 Figs 98–105)... 2</p><p>2 Dorsal colour pale brownish yellow with elytral apices dark marked (Figs 99–101)................... praeusta Eschsch. Dorsal colouration with pale yellow pronotum and brown elytra which are pale margined (as in Fig. 92).... plagiata Erichson</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E39C572FF6FB94FFA4DEB2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E3DC508FF6FB986FC13ECA1.text	E46FF2165E3DC508FF6FB986FC13ECA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciola Laporte	<div><p>Luciola Laporte s. str.</p><p>[Figs 109–138]</p><p>Luciola Laporte. Laporte 1833:146 . Lacordaire 1857:335. Motschulsky, 1853:52. Gorham 1880:99. Olivier 1902:69; 1907:50. Lea 1909:106.</p><p>Type species: Luciola pedemontana Motschulsky designated by Motschulsky 1853.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) Laporte. McDermott, 1966:103 (Partim) . Nec Calder, 1998: 178.</p><p>Lampyroidea Costa. Costa 1875:clxix. Olivier 1902:69; 1907:49; 1911:102. McDermott 1966:115. Type species: Lampyroidea syriaca Costa monobasic.</p><p>Bourgeoisia Olivier. Olivier 1908:17; 1911b:102. McDermott, 1966:117. Deheyn &amp; Ballantyne 2009:47. Type species: Luciola antipodum Bourgeois designated by McDermott 1966.</p><p>Diagnosis. Luciola s. str. belongs in a group of genera with aedeagal LL visible beside the ML; distinguished by the separation of the LL dorsally, the often strongly curved/arched ML terminating in a preapical ventral point, and the presence in some species (including italica) of elongate slender apically pointed lobes arising from the inner ventral margins of the LL. Dorsal colour pattern of orange pronotum and dark brown elytra occurs in several species including the type (which may have a median dark pronotal marking); Pacific Island species have deep grayish brown to black dorsal colour (see Table 9) and several have eye emarginations of varying depth. Females macropterous in L. kagiana, or with varying degrees of fore and hind wing loss in other species. Larvae reliably associated only for kagiana and parvula where they are probably terrestrial and have laterally explanate tergal margins (e.g. Chen 2003:168).</p><p>Male. Pronotum: dorsal surface without irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense; anterior margin not explanate; lateral margins either diverging posteriorly along their length (C&gt;A, B), or converging in posterior 1/3; width &lt;or subequal to humeral width; anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins without indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; without indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners usually rounded obtuse, angulate in Pacific Island species where they are 90° approximately and incline obliquely to the median line; posterolateral corners either not projecting, or extending as far as median posterior margin and separated from it by scarce emarginations except in kagiana where the emarginations are well developed.</p><p>Hypomera: closed; median area not elevated in vertical direction; posterior area not flat in italica, syriaca and hypocrita, narrowly flat in remainder, where dorsal and ventral surfaces are strongly adpressed; pronotal width/ GHW 1.2–1.6.</p><p>Elytron: punctation dense, not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and sutural ridge extending beyond mid-point, almost to apex but not extending as a ridge around apex, neither thickened in apical half; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent; in horizontal specimen viewed from below epipleuron at elytral base wide, covering humerus; viewed from above the anterior margin of the epipleuron arises level with or anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as a lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided except for hypocrita where they are slightly convex-sided.</p><p>Head: minimally to moderately depressed between eyes; well exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex in L. italica, contiguous ventrally in Pacific Island species (Fig. 111); eyes above labrum close, sometimes contiguous; frons-vertex junction rounded, without median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation strongly developed, visible in resting head position in some Pacific Island species only (Figs 110,120,121,122); antennal sockets on head between eyes, contiguous, or separated by &lt;ASW or = ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when head viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts: probably functional; apical labial palpomere either strongly flattened, shaped like broad triangle (widest at base), with inner edge dentate in L. italica, or ovoid, longer than wide with margins entire; at least half as long as apical maxillary palpomere in the remaining species described below. Antennae 11 segmented; length&gt;GHW up to twice GHW except in Pacific Island species where antennal length is subequal to GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS1 not shorter than pedicel.</p><p>Legs: with inner tarsal claw not split; without MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs114,119,124,125): without cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO absent in L. oculofissa sp. nov. (Figs 124,125); LO absent in V7 and restricted to anterolateral plaques in V 6 in L. hypocrita (Deheyn &amp; Ballantyne 2009 Fig. 5 a,b); LO in V 7 in remaining species entire, either occupying most of V7, and reaching to sides and almost to posterior margin (Fig. 119), or not reaching sides or posterior margin and occupying about half or less of V7 (Fig. 114); posterior half of V7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; neither anterior nor posterior margin of LO emarginate; if LO present in V6, occupying almost all V6 except in hypocrita . MPP present, symmetrical, apex rounded or truncate, not laterally compressed, short, not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T8 apex, without dorsal ridge, median longitudinal trough. V7 without median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘dimple’, or reflexed lobes. T7 without prolonged anterolateral corners. T8 symmetrical, W=L, visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, median posterior margin shallowly and narrowly emarginate; widest across middle with lateral margins tapering evenly in both an anterior and posterior direction; without prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V7; T8 ventral surface without well developed median longitudinal trough, lateral depressed troughs, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T8 either not as long as visible posterior portion of T8, or shorter, not laterally emarginated before their origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, expanded only in horizontal plane; without bifurcation of inner margin and ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T8 not enfolding sides of V7.</p><p>Aedeagal sheath: approx. 3 times as long as wide; without bulbous paraprocts; either symmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite tapers evenly to a narrow rounded apex or slightly emarginated on right side; tergite without lateral arms extending anteriorly at sides of sheath sternite; tergite without projecting pieces along posterior margin of T9, anterior margin without transverse band.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 111–113, 122,126) (e.g. Ballantyne 1968 Figs 162–169; Jeng et al. 2003 Figs 21A–C): LL lack lateral appendages; LL visible from beneath beside ML, LL/ML moderate to wide; LL of equal length, slightly longer than ML, either diverging along their length or not diverging basally; separated longitudinally by most of their length; LL base width often narrower than LL apex width which may be wider than that of ML; LL apices often more widely expanded than elsewhere and enfolding the ML at the sides; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated; LL without lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins; narrowed apices of LL sometimes inturned; without projection on left LL; inner margins often with slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, without paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, usually strongly arched, preapical ventral area produced and pointed; BP not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin, often very narrow.</p><p>Female. Macropterous in kagiana (Chen 2003:168), or with varying degrees of fore and hind wing loss. Pronotum without irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense; pronotal width less than, subequal to or greater than humeral width; without indentation of lateral margin, irregularities at posterolateral corner; outline similar to that of male. Elytral punctation not as large as that of pronotum, nor evenly spaced; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. No legs or parts thereof swollen and /or curved. LO in V6 only, without any elevations or depressions or ridges on V7; median posterior margin of V7 widely emarginate, median area not broadly rounded; median posterior margin of V8 entire. Bursa plates not observed in dissections of ethanol preserved specimens of italica .</p><p>Larva (Figs 128–138). Here only L. hypocrita, and New Caledonian larvae associated by label data are described (Tables 10, 11 indicate rationale for association). Elongate, slender, tapering somewhat in front and behind; with 3 thoracic and 9 abdominal segments; external plates of the dorsal surface very well sclerotised with no obvious dorsal areas of exposed membrane except between segments; all body segments except the last with a median dorsal longitudinal line; lateral margins of tergal plates explanate thickened (except for terminal segment which is parallel-sided), and projecting beyond sides of body and usually covering laterotergites in the abdomen, visible only if they are laterally prolonged. Head: antennal segment 3 surmounted by a ring of hairs and subequal in length to the elongate sense cone. Mouthparts: mandibles without inner teeth; apical palpomeres of maxilla and labium with terminal sense organs. Thorax (Figs 128, 131, 132, 135, 137, 138): prothorax longer than wide, always with lateral projections especially at posterolateral corners; meso and metathoracic segments shorter than prothorax and with 2 or 3 lateral projections. Legs: tibiae with an apical brush of fine white hairs reaching over the apical claw (tarsungulus) (Fu et al. 2012b Fig. 55). Abdomen (Figs 129, 130, 133, 134): median sternal plates of segments 1–6 and laterotergites of segments 1–6 with short posterior projections in Pacific Island species; posterolateral corners of laterotergites angulate, often narrowly prolonged and may be visible at sides of body from above when lateral margins of terga are narrowed and prolonged (Fig. 134) (Fu et al. 2012b Fig. 54).</p><p>Remarks. Luciola s. str. is addressed from scoring a population from Pisa of Luciola italica, the type species (Ballantyne and Lambkin 2000, 2001, 2006, 2009). Bourgeoisia and Lampyroidea (based only on its type species syriaca) are submerged under Luciola . Luciola italica exists in a variety of morphological forms across Europe, and such an investigation while necessary is currently beyond our capacity. Suggestions for possible subdivisions below relate to Figs 3, 4 and the key to genera and species groups incorporates all these possible subdivisions of Luciola .</p><p>1. Fig. 3 Node 1 two aquatic Japanese species Luciola cruciata, L. owadai .</p><p>2. Fig. 3 Node 8 blue number 2 ( Luciola trilucida).</p><p>3. Fig. 3 Node 11 blue number 3 ( Luciola indica).</p><p>4. Fig. 4 Node 44 blue number 20 Species 8.</p><p>5. Fig. 4 Node 45 includes species with elytral punctures in lines, an emarginated LO in V7 and sclerites surrounding the aedeagal sheath ( L. carinata – L. aquatilis).</p><p>6. Fig. 4 Node 46 ( Luciola dejeani – L. aegrota).</p><p>Footnote: *1 hand collected at night; 2 yellow pan in day</p><p>* single larva from Foret du Nord lacks the anterolateral projection; #curved towards rear in 1 larva from Col d’Amieu, 3</p><p>Aoupinnie larvae from top camp and sawmill, and in one of two larvae taken on 23.xi.2001; + outer posterior margin of lateral tergal projections with small tooth in Mt Taom, Mt Mou base, one Dzumac Road larva and Foret du Nord larva.</p><p>List of species of Luciola s. str.</p><p>- antipodum (Bourgeois) *</p><p>- aquilaclara sp. nov. *</p><p>- italica L.</p><p>- hypocrita Olivier *</p><p>- oculofissa sp. nov. *</p><p>- syriaca (Costa)</p><p>Here we address specifically only the fauna of New Caledonia and Fiji *.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E3DC508FF6FB986FC13ECA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E47C50BFF6FBD0DFA97E9F4.text	E46FF2165E47C50BFF6FBD0DFA97E9F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciola antipodum Bourgeois	<div><p>Luciola antipodum Bourgeois</p><p>[Figs 109–114]</p><p>Luciola antipodum Bourgeois, 1884:285 .</p><p>Rhagophthalmus antipodum (Bourgeois) . Olivier, 1902:87. Fauvel, 1904:140.</p><p>Bourgeoisia antipodum (Bourgeois) . Olivier, 1908:17. Heller, 1916:243. Ballantyne, 1968:123. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009: Figs 59, 513, 515.</p><p>Bourgeoisia antipoda (Bourgeois) . McDermott, 1966:117. Ballantyne, 1968:123 (synonymy).</p><p>Type. Not reliably located. LB located a specimen in the Bourgeois collection (Box 22 MNHN) in 2003 labelled 1. (hand written) Bourgeoisia antipodum Bourg; 2. Kanala Fauvel. The specimen lacks head and pronotum, and is discussed below.</p><p>Other specimens examined (* = tentative inclusion only, discussed below). NEW CALEDONIA: 21.31S, 165.57E Kanala 2 males (Olivier collection Box 59 MNHN), one male labelled 1. (handwritten) Kanala; 2. Luciola ?? antipodum FvL (? Fauvel collector) N. Caledonia. Mt St Arago, 19.vi.1914, P D Montague, male (“under side of abdomen highly luminous”) (NHML) . Grotte de Ninrin-Reu nr Poya, 4.i.1965 G Gross Biospel. Exped., male (SAMA) *. 21.37S, 165.46E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.46&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.46/lat -21.37)">Farino</a> 750m 3–10.ii.2002 male Malaise trap, C Darling (QMBA) . SOLOMON ISLANDS: San Cristobal, Kira Kira 0–50m, 10.xi.1964 RS, male (BPBM) *.</p><p>Diagnosis. Specimens identified as L. antipodum Bourgeois conform in size, extent of eye emargination, and extent of LOs in V6, 7 to the Kanala males in the Olivier collection, and extent of LOs to the fragment of abdomen in the Bourgeois collection (MNHN) with the exception of those indicated by * above which are discussed below. A small species known only from New Caledonia, with deep grey dorsal colouration (Fig. 109), large head with eyes subcontiguous ventrally, and a well developed dorso-lateral eye emargination (Fig. 110); LOs in V6, 7 oval in outline and not reaching margins of either segment, nor to the posterior margin in V7 (Fig. 114). Females and larvae not associated.</p><p>Male. 3.6–4.7 mm long; 1.6–1.7 mm wide; W/L 0.4. Colour (Figs 109, 110): Pronotum very dark brown; MS, MN and elytra lighter brown; ventral surface of body lighter brown than elytra except for pale LOs in V6, 7 which are retracted from the lateral margins on both segments and assume an oval outline (Fig. 114). Pronotum (Fig. 109): 1.3–1.5 mm wide; 0.9–1.0 mm long; W/L 1.4–1.5. Elytron: 3.1–3.7 mm long. Head: GHW 0.9–1.3 mm; SIW 0.1 mm; ASD &lt;ASW (sockets very close almost contiguous); eye emargination well defined, visible when head retracted (Fig. 110). Abdomen (Fig. 114): LO in both V6, 7 small, entire, not reaching sides of V6, not reaching sides or posterior margin of V7 except: Ninrin-reu male where LO in V6 especially reaches almost to sides; Mt St Arago male where LOs do not reach sides but remaining area of both ventrites occupied by diffuse fat body and appear white; Kira Kira male where LO plaques occur at sides of V6, and rest of V6 and V7 occupied by diffuse fat body which may not be luminous (LO in this male gives appearance of being bipartite in V6). Aedeagus (Figs 111– 113): ML with very narrow apex, shorter than LL which curve inwards at their narowed rounded apices; LL widely separated along middorsal line, with a rounded projection along inner margins, at approximately half their length from the apex; BP very narrow.</p><p>Remarks. We consider the specimens in the Olivier collection (MNHN) most closely approach the original designation of this species by Bourgeois. The specimen Ballantyne located in the Bourgeois collection (MNHN) is labelled Bourgeoisia . Whether it can be regarded as a type is questionable. Olivier (1908) assigned the species to Bourgeoisia; it may have been relabelled by Bourgeois or possibly Olivier himself. It is without a head and pronotum and both elytra are incomplete. However the abdomen shows features consistent with the Kanala males in the Olivier collection viz. oval LOs in V6, 7 not reaching either the sides, or the posterior margin of V7. The Kanala males (MNHN) also have well defined eye emarginations visible when the head is withdrawn.</p><p>This species may be very poorly represented now in New Caledonia, as despite extensive collecting there by the team from Queensland Museum only a single Farino male has the strong eye excavation and appears to have a very reduced LO in both V6 and 7.</p><p>Alternatively (see below) the retraction of the light organ in the older pinned specimens may be simply a postmortem effect. Determination of critical features in some specimens which are in poor condition has been difficult. Ballantyne and Lambkin (2009 Fig. 59) figured the specimen from Ninrin-reu (SAMA) with well defined eye emarginations. A large and widespread population of a second species with extensive LOs in V6, 7 was a recent collection, but this population, described here as Luciola aquilaclara sp. nov., lacks the eye emargination. A second extensive population without LOs and with very strong dorsal eye emarginations is described as L. oculofissa sp. nov. All three New Caledonian species share a similar dorsal colouration and almost identical pattern of aedeagus and aedeagal sheath. The possible function of the eye emargination is discussed subsequently. No larval associations for this species were made.</p><p>Ballantyne (1968) redescribed a single male from the Solomons with a well defined eye emargination, but could not determine the extent of the LO material in V6, 7, and it may belong here. The LL of the male aedeagus are closely approximate dorsally (Ballantyne 1968 Figs 174, 175) unlike the specimens depicted here. A second specimen from San Cristobal included here has eye emarginations but LO in V6 may be bipartite (they are separated by fat body and thus extent of the actual light organ is difficult to determine). Ballantyne and Lambkin (2009:46, Figs 142, 143) described Atyphella kirakira from San Cristobal with bipartite LO in V6 separated by extensive fat body, and non aggregated fat body in V7.</p><p>Existing information about the New Caledonian firefly fauna is confusing. L. antipodum may have been represented in the recent QMBA field collections by a single male. L. caledonica Bourgeois was described, probably from a female, as 10 mm long, with an orange pronotum having a dark anterior mark and dark brown elytra. No specimens approaching this size have been collected recently on New Caledonia and Ballantyne and Lambkin (2009) synonymised caledonica with plagiata Blanchard and assigned the species to Pygatyphella . Fauvel’s (1904) account of luminous L. caledonica from New Caledonia is at best second hand and the observations he refers to may well have been luminous fungi. Heller’s (1916) list is a catalogue entry only.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E47C50BFF6FBD0DFA97E9F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E44C507FF6FBBFDFBD6ECEC.text	E46FF2165E44C507FF6FBBFDFBD6ECEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciola aquilaclara Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Luciola aquilaclara sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 115–119, 130–134, 136, 137]</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW CALEDONIA: 22.19S, 166.53E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.53&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.19" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.53/lat -22.19)">Foret de Thi</a>, 100–300m, 23–25.iii.1961, JS (BPBM).</p><p>Paratypes. NEW CALEDONIA: 20.18S 164.24E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=164.24&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.18" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 164.24/lat -20.18)">Col d’Amein</a> 3 km WSW 520m 14.XII.2004 1 larva (Type C), rainforest, sieved litter ; 20.18S 164.24E 520m 6.i.2005 3 larvae (2 type C, 1 type B), rainforest sieved litter; 21.37S, 165.49E 470m 27.i.2004 larva (Type B) QMBA 1120, rainforest sieved litter; 21.37S, 165.49E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.49/lat -21.37)">Col d’Amieu</a> west slope upper 480m 3.v.2005 3 larvae (Type B, 1 larva Type C) . 20.24S, 164.32E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=164.32&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 164.32/lat -20.24)">Mandjelia Summit</a> 780m, 6–7.xi.2001 3 larvae (Type C) QMB 1055 rainforest, 12.xii.2004 7 larvae (Type C) sieved litter ; 20.24S 164.31E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=164.31&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 164.31/lat -20.24)">Mandjelia</a> lower creek 580m 12.xii.2004 3 larvae (1 type C, 2 type B), rainforest sieved litter . 20.26S, 164.14E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=164.14&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.26" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 164.14/lat -20.26)">Nehoue</a> campground 50m 2 males hand collected . 20.47S 164.35E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=164.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.47" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 164.35/lat -20.47)">Mt Taom</a> summit site 1 980m 7.xii.2004 larva (Type B), rainforest sieved litter; Mt Taom summit site 2 940m 7.xii.2004 larva (Type B), rainforest sieved litter; Mt Taom summit site 3 7.xii.2004 2 larvae (Type B) rainforest sieved litter . 21.09S 165.19E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.09" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.19/lat -21.09)">Aoupinie</a>: sawmill 500m 17.xii.2004 larva (Type C) rainforest sieved litter ; 21.11S 165.19E top camp 3 males; 850m, 20–21.xi.2000 2 males; 850m 23.xi.2001 3 larvae (Type C) QMB 1045 rainforest, sieved litter; 850m 23.xi.2001 male hand collected; 750m 2.v.2005 larva (Type C). 21.25S, 166.24E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.24&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.24/lat -21.25)">Grotte de Ninrin-Reu</a> nr Poya, Biospel. Exped. 4.i.1965, at light, G. Gross, male (SAMA) . 21.34S 166.07E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.07&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.34" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.07/lat -21.34)">Col de Petchecara</a> S end 22.xi.2003 – 29.i.2004 FIT male ; 21.34S 166.06E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.06&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.34" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.06/lat -21.34)">Col de Petchecara</a> middle FIT male . 21.35S, 165.59E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.59/lat -21.35)">Gelima</a> 5 kms S 485m 15.xi.2002 larva (Type B) QMB 1083 rainforest, sieved litter . 21.35S 165.50E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.5/lat -21.35)">Mt Rembai</a> 700m 30.xii.2004 1 larva (Type C) rainforest, sieved litter . 21.45S 166.00E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.0/lat -21.45)">Mt Do Summit</a> 1000m 22.xi.2003 – 28.i.2004 male Min. FIT . 22.02S 166.28E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.28&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.02" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.28/lat -22.02)">Dzumac Road</a> junction 950m 9.xi.2002 3 larvae (Types B, C) QMB 1077 rainforest, sieved litter; Dzumac Road 22.03S 166.28E 700m 5.xii.2003 – 26.i.2004 male FIT GM (taken with male L. oculofissa sp. nov.). 22.05S 166.22E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.22/lat -22.05)">Mt Mou</a> base 350m 4.ii.2004 2 larvae (Types B, C) QMB 1119 rainforest, sieved litter . 22.06S, 166.39E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.39&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.06" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.39/lat -22.06)">Riv. Bleue</a> panoramic track 160m 12 males (9 males 20.xi–11.xii.2000) malaise trap . 22.09S 166.41E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.41&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.09" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.41/lat -22.09)">Houp Geant</a> 320m 6.v.2005 2 larvae (Type C) . 22.15S 166.49E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.49/lat -22.15)">Pic du Pin</a> site 1 QM party 26.xi.2004 10 males night hand collected rainforest, male pyrethrum knock down (4 males L. oculofissa sp. nov. taken at this site) . 22.19S, 166.53E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.53&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.19" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.53/lat -22.19)">Foret de Thi</a>, 100–300m, 23–25.iii.1961, JS 19 males (BPBM) . 22.19S, 166.55E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.19" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.55/lat -22.19)">Foret de Nord</a> sites 1, 2 QM party, 480m, 2.xii.2004, male (site 1), male (site 2) rainforest at night hand collected; 210m site 2 21.iv.2005, larva (Type C). All specimens in QMBA unless indicated otherwise; QMBA specimens taken by a team of P. Bouchard, C. Burwell, P. Grimbacher, G Monteith and S. Wright .</p><p>Diagnosis. Known only from New Caledonia; dorsal colouration deep grey as for L. antipodum, L. oculofissa sp. nov. and L. hypocrita . Distinguished by the well developed LOs in V6, 7 (Fig. 119) occupying all but a very narrow posterior margin of V7, and the lack of any obvious eye emargination when head is withdrawn (Figs 115, 116).</p><p>Male. 4.1–6.0 mm long. Colour (Figs 116, 119): body very dark brownish grey, pronotum very dark and often contrasting with the slightly paler elytra; T8 paler brown and semitransparent; white LOs occupying all of V6, 7 except for a narrow posterior margin in V7 (Fig. 119). Pronotum (Fig. 116): 0.8–1.2 mm long; 1.2––1.7 mm wide, W/L 1.3–1.5; pronotal width subequal to humeral width or slightly less in some pinned specimens. Elytron: 3.3–4.8 mm long; subparallelsided. Head (Figs 117, 118): GHW 1.1–1.4mm; SIW 0.1–0.15mm; antennal sockets almost contiguous; the small mouthparts may indicate that this species does not feed as an adult. Aedeagus (Figs 111– 113): ML with very narrow apex, shorter than LL which curve inwards at their narrowed rounded apices; LL widely separated along middorsal line, with a rounded projection along inner margins at approximately half their length from the apex; BP very narrow.</p><p>Female. Unknown. Probably flightless. Males have most of the ventral head area devoted to compound eyes (Fig. 117) and have simple short antennae so are probably relying on sighting the female response from above.</p><p>Larva (Figs 130 – 134, 136, 137). Associated by correspondence of collecting data with that of males and distinguished by features outlined in Table 11, and below. Larvae are described as either Type B or C of which B may represent earlier instars of C and differs only in colouration as described below. Both types were often taken at the same site. Instars not identified.</p><p>Colour: Type B: (e.g. Col d’Amieu, Gelima Figs 130, 131) (Fu et al. 2012b Figs 52–54) thoracic terga light to quite dark brown; some with terga 2 and 3 dark with 2 pale markings along anterior area near mid line on each (Fig. 131), abdominal terga dark brown with pale markings scattered, terga 7 and 8 largely pale with dark markings along median line, and 9 dark with pale anterolateral corners. Paler Type B larvae (e.g. Mt Taom summit Fig. 136) with light brown thoracic terga and abdominal terga 1–6, with 7, 8 largely pale, having dark markings along mid line and anterior margin only. Type C (Figs 132, 133, 134, 137): thoracic terga 1–3 quite dark with some paler markings (along posterior margins in Aoupinnie larvae Fig. 137, towards posterior margin and to sides in Mandjelia larvae Fig. 132); abdominal terga (Figs 132, 137) 1–3 or 1–5 pale yellow with irregular brown markings, abdominal terga 4–6 largely brown, dark markings sometimes restricted to tergum 6; terga 7, 8 largely pale yellow with some dark markings; most of tergum 9 brown. Ventral plates on both larval types are brown. Dorsal surface (Figs 131, 132, 136, 137): well sclerotised, with pale punctures scattered evenly over the surface; well defined pale median line running from anterior margin of protergum to posterior margin of abdominal tergum 8; all terga with short paired projections along posterior margin beside mid line (Fu et al. 2012 Fig. 52); Mt Taom summit larva with short paired teeth along posterior margin of abdominal terga 1 – 6 (Fig. 136). Thorax: protergum wider than long, with 4 lateral projections on each side including produced posterolateral corners (e.g. Figs 131–133, 137); meso and metaterga much wider than long, shorter than protergum, with 3 lateral projections on each side including the produced posterolateral corners. Abdomen (Figs 130, 132, 133, 134): depending on orientation of specimen and degree of lateral extension laterotergites may be visible from above on one or both sides. Abdominal terga 1–8 with posterolateral corners prolonged narrowly and apically rounded; terga 1–8 diminish in width and increase in length; posterolateral corners narrowly prolonged (Figs 130, 132) and slightly curved in some Aoupinnie and Col d’Amieu larvae (Fig. 137). Ventral surface (Figs 130, 133, 134) (Fu et al. 2012 Fig. 54): posterior margin of median sterna plates of abdominal segments 1–6 with paired narrow projections, of segments 7, 8 with shorter projections; posterior end of laterosternites (coloured part) dark, projecting; posterolateral corners of laterotergites of segments 1–8 narrow and projecting.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name highlights both the dark dorsal colouration and the large LO (aquilus, a, um latin dark coloured; clarus, a, um latin bright).</p><p>Remarks. Discovery of the existence of two new species of Luciolinae in New Caledonia has only been made possible by the extensive collecting activities of the team from the Queensland Museum. The partial or complete loss of LO material with expansion of the ventral head area as well as the development of a posterolateral eye excavation in L. antipodum and L. oculofissa sp. nov. is discussed subsequently. This species is distributed from north to south in New Caledonia and at altitudes both above and below 300m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E44C507FF6FBBFDFBD6ECEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E48C507FF6FBECFFE82E981.text	E46FF2165E48C507FF6FBECFFE82E981.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciola hypocrita Olivier	<div><p>Luciola hypocrita Olivier</p><p>[Fig. 138]</p><p>Luciola hypocrita Olivier, 1888:202; 1902:80.</p><p>Bourgeoisia hypocrita (Olivier) . Olivier 1908:17. McDermott 1966:118. Ballantyne 1968:124. Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:234. Deheyn &amp; Ballantyne 2009: 47. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009:Fig. 514.</p><p>Luciola nigra McDermott, 1966:110 (unnecessary new name for L. atra Pic).</p><p>Luciola atra Pic, 1928:58 . Deheyn &amp; Ballantyne 2009: 47.</p><p>Nec Luciola atra (G.A. Olivier) . Branham, 2010 Fig. 4.15.2D.</p><p>Holotype. Male. Luciola atra Pic. FIJI: 18.00S, 178.00E labelled 1. Handwritten Luciola sp. (Olivier dit); 2 handwritten Luciola atra n s; 3 symbol; 4 printed black ink Ins. Fiji (MNHN).</p><p>Holotype. Male. Luciola hypocrita Olivier). Male. FIJI: 18.00 S, 178.00E labelled 1. Handwritten on pink paper Luciola hypocrita; printed Ern. Oliv.; 2 printed SPECIMEN TYPICUM ORIGINALE AUCTORIS Ern. Olivier; 3. Handwritten Fidjie Ins. (MNHN).</p><p>Diagnosis. Males known only from Fiji. Dark grayish dorsal colour with small posterolateral eye excavation; male LOs restricted to anterolateral plaques in V6 only; female flightless, with elytra covering much of the abdomen, coloured as for male; larvae dorsally deep grey with a tuft of fine white hairs at the apex of the tibiotarsus. Ballantyne (1968) redescribed males, and described a female and larva. Deheyn and Ballantyne (2009) characterized light production in the female and expanded the redescription of males, females and larvae. Larval characters are expanded in Table 11, Fig. 138 and Fu et al. (2012b Figs 50, 51).</p><p>Remarks. Branham’s (2010) reference to Luciola atra (G. A. Olivier) larva was misspelled and is a reference to Lucidota atra .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E48C507FF6FBECFFE82E981	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E48C506FF6FBA27FA4AE83F.text	E46FF2165E48C506FF6FBA27FA4AE83F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciola oculofissa Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Luciola oculofissa sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 120–127]</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW CALEDONIA: 22.06S 166.39E Riv. Bleue panoramic track 160m 20.xi–11.xii.2000 malaise trap (MNHN).</p><p>Paratypes. NEW CALEDONIA: 20.39S 165.13E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.13&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.39" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.13/lat -20.39)">Touho</a> TV tower 400m 30.I.2004 QMB 1114 rainforest sieved litter 1 larva . 22.06S 166.39E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.39&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.06" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.39/lat -22.06)">Riv. Bleue</a> panoramic track 160m 20.xi–11.xii.2000 malaise trap, 11 males ; Riv. Bleue (Mois de Mai) 400m 19.xi.2001 QMB 1046 rainforest sieved litter 1 larva . 22.09S 166.41E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.41&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.09" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.41/lat -22.09)">Foret Electrique</a> 220m 23.iv.2005 larva . 22.11S 166.01E 700m 3.xi.2002 QMB 1072 rainforest sieved litter 1 larva. 22.15S 166.49E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.49/lat -22.15)">Pic du Pin</a> site 1 rainforest yellow pan 25–26.xi.2004 4 males . 22.17S 166.53E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.53&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.17" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.53/lat -22.17)">Pic du Grand Kaori</a> site 2 250 m 22.xi–21.xii.2004 malaise trap rainforest 3 males ; 22.17S 160.54E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=160.54&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.17" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 160.54/lat -22.17)">Pic du Grand Kaori</a> site 2 21.xi.2001 – 29.i.2002 malaise trap 2 males . 22.19S 166.55E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.19" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.55/lat -22.19)">Foret du Nord</a> sites 1, 2 480m 2.xii.2004 yellow pan 23 males . 22.21S 166.58E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.58&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.21" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.58/lat -22.21)">Port Boise</a>, 20m 22.xi.2001 – 29.i.2002 4 males (FIT) 1 larva (pitfall trap). (QMBA).</p><p>Diagnosis. Known only from New Caledonia; dorsal colouration deep grey as for L. antipodum, L. aquilaclara sp. nov. and L. hypocrita . Distinguished by lacking any trace of LOs, and the huge anteriorly projecting eye emargination clearly visible from above when head is withdrawn. Female not associated. Larvae associated by correspondence of collecting data with that of males and distinguished by features outlined in Table 11, Figs 128, 129, 135 and below.</p><p>Male. 3.6–4.5 mm long. Colour (Figs 120–125): pronotum very dark almost black, elytra slightly paler; underside of body pale brown except for black head. Pronotum (Figs 121, 123): 0.8–1.2 mm long; 1.2 mm wide, W/L 1.2–1.5; pronotal width subequal to humeral width or slightly less in some pinned specimens. Elytron: 2.8–3.5 mm long; subparallelsided. Head (Figs 120, 121, 122, 123): elongate and protruding beyond anterior margin of pronotum (Fu et al. 2012b Figs 48, 49). GHW 1.2; SIW 0.1 mm; ASD &lt;ASW; antennal sockets contiguous; the small mouthparts may indicate that this species does not feed as an adult. Aedeagus (Figs 126, 127): ML with very narrow apex, shorter than LL which curve inwards at their narrowed rounded apices; LL widely separated along middorsal line, with a rounded projection along inner margins at approximately half their length from the apex; BP very narrow.</p><p>Female. Unknown. Probably flightless.</p><p>Larva. Associated by correspondence of collecting data with that of males and distinguished by features outlined in Table 11 (as larva type A), Figs 128, 129, 135 and below.</p><p>Colour (Fig. 128, 129, 135): Dorsal surface quite dark brown with either only tergum 8 pale (Fig. 128), or both terga 8, 9 pale (Fig. 135). with narrow dark markings along posterior margin; ventral plates well defined, brown except for pale yellow underside of abdominal segments 7, 8 (Fig. 129). Dorsal surface (Figs 128, 135): well sclerotised; large pale punctures scattered along anterior and lateral margins of protergum, and at sides of remaining terga; well defined pale median line running from anterior margin of protergum to posterior margin of abdominal tergum 8; terga without any short paired projections along posterior margin beside mid line (Fig. 128, 135). Thorax (Figs 128, 135): protergum not much wider than long, with 3 short lateral projections on each side including barely produced posterolateral corners (Fig. 128, 135); meso and metaterga much wider than long, shorter than protergum with 2 lateral projections on each side including the produced posterolateral corners. Abdomen (Figs 128, 129, 135): laterotergites not visible from above; abdominal terga 1–8 with lateral margins expanding towards posterior end and posterolateral corners narrowed and apically acute (Fig. 128) or rounded (Fig. 135). Ventral surface (Fig. 129): posterior margin of median sternal plates of abdominal segments 1–6 with paired narrow projections, sterna areas of segments 7, 8 ill defined; posterior end of laterosternites dark, projecting; posterolateral corners of laterotergites of segments 1–8 narrowed, angulate, and slightly projecting towards rear.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name emphasizes the huge eye emargination (oculus, -i (m) Latin eye; fissus, a, um Latin split, cloven).</p><p>Remarks. This species was mainly collected during daylight hours using yellow pans (shallow plastic dishes with the inside painted bright yellow). A 1 cm deep layer of detergent water was placed in them and they were laid out on the forest floor during the day. G. B. Monteith (of the Queensland Museum team which collected these insects) noted that flying insects patrolling the forest floor zoom down to investigate the bright colour, land on the bright yellow surface, and drown. The dorsal eye excavation is enormous and discussed subsequently. Larval associations are tentative only. It is known from the southern area of New Caledonia at elevations lower than 300m, with two exceptions. The southern Foret Nord record at 480m is of many males. Monteith considers the northerly record at the Touho TV tower in the north east of the island may have been mislabelled; it is based on a single larva.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E48C506FF6FBA27FA4AE83F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E49C51EFF6FBAB4FA4AEC11.text	E46FF2165E49C51EFF6FBAB4FA4AEC11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx gen. nov.</p><p>[Figs 139–184]</p><p>Type species: Pteroptyx effulgens Ballantyne.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medeopteryx gen. nov. is a new genus based mainly on New Guinean bent-winged fireflies formerly assigned to Pteroptyx, and is proposed for New Guinean and Australian species with an entire LO in V7, the posterior margin of which is trisinuate with PLP no longer or wider than the MPP. All but two species have deflexed elytral apices. It is most obviously distinguished from Pteroptyx s. str. in having an entire LO in V7, without a MFC and bulbous paraprocts on the aedeagal sheath.</p><p>Male. Pronotum: dorsal surface without irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense; anterior margin not explanate; W/L 1.3–1.7; either subparallel-sided, margins straight (A=B=C), or lateral margins diverging with posterior rounded convergence (C&gt;A, B); pronotal width &lt;humeral width; anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins without indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; without indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners usually angulate, 90º to median line, or rounded obtuse; posterolateral corners not usually projecting as far as median posterior margin and separated from it by scarce emarginations.</p><p>Hypomera: closed; median area not elevated in vertical direction; median area more widely flattened than elsewhere; pronotal width/ GHW 1.2.</p><p>Elytron: punctation dense, not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices either deflexed or not; deflexed apex rounded, pointed or truncated, truncated apices short (Figs 141,143–146,153); epipleuron and sutural ridge extending beyond mid-point, to deflexed apex; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent; in horizontal specimen viewed from below epipleuron at elytral base wide, covering humerus, viewed from above epipleuron arises anterior to or level with posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as a lateral ridge along most of length until deflexed apex; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided.</p><p>Head: moderately-deeply depressed between eyes; well exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes close to moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum moderately separated; frons-vertex junction rounded, without median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous, usually separated by up to ASW or&gt; ASW in the “ cribellata complex” (Ballantyne 1987a:131); clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when head viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach to or beyond inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical labial palpomere strongly flattened, shaped like narrow triangle (narrowest at base), with inner edge entire; 2–3 X as long as wide. Antennae 11 segmented; length&gt;GHW, usually twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS1 not shorter than pedicel.</p><p>Legs: with inner tarsal claw not split; without MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 139–146): without cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; V3 and/or V4 often with curved posterior margins and V4 extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of V3 (this feature varies between different specimens in the one species and may be difficult to determine on dried pinned abdomens); posterior margin of V7 trisinuate; LO in V7 entire and occupying most of V7, reaching to sides but not posterior margin; posterior half of V7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible, anterior margin of LO emarginate only in clipeata sp. nov. (Figs 147–151); LO present in V6, occupying all or almost V6. MPP present, symmetrical, apex emarginate, often shallowly so and emargination may not be visible from beneath; MPP not laterally compressed, short (L=W), not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T8 apex, without dorsal ridge, median longitudinal trough; MPP longer than or subequal in length to, and wider than or subequal in width to, horizontal PLP. V7 often with median ‘dimple’ (depressed area Fig.143 arrowed) anterior to MPP, in which case the ventral surface of the MPP is elevated (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 termed this a ‘hump’); V7 without median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian longitudinal depression on face of LO, incurving lobes or pointed projections, or reflexed lobes on dorsal surface; dorsal face of light organ bearing paired cuticular strips running from the sides of the MPP over the surface of the LO and attaching anteriorly to longitudinal abdominal muscles, in antennata, corusca, cribellata, effulgens, elucens, flagrans, fulminea, platygaster, pupilla, similisantennata, similispupillae, sublustris, torricelliensis (Ballantyne 1987a; 1993), or a wide single strip in clipeata sp. nov. (Fig. 150 CS). T7 without prolonged anterolateral corners. T8 well sclerotised, symmetrical, W=L, visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, median posterior margin emarginate, often widely so; usually widest across middle with lateral margins tapering evenly in both an anterior and posterior direction; without prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V7; T8 ventral surface with a well developed median longitudinal trough margined by well defined ridges; anterior end of ridges usually with flanges which may be symmetrical/asymmetrical, narrow or broad, and with rounded or pointed apices (Figs 142,174,175); without lateral depressed troughs, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T8 either as long as visible posterior portion of T8 or slightly shorter, not laterally emarginated before their origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, expanded only in horizontal plane; without bifurcation of inner margin and ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T8 not enfolding sides of V7.</p><p>Aedeagal sheath (Figs 174,176): approx. 3 times as long as wide; without paraprocts; symmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite tapers evenly to a narrow rounded apex; anterior half of sternite relatively narrow, apically rounded; tergite without lateral arms extending anteriorly at sides of sheath sternite; tergite without projecting pieces along posterior margin of T9, anterior margin without transverse band.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 152,171–173, 180–182): L/W approx. 5/1; LL lack lateral appendages; apices of LL not visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL/ML narrow; LL of equal length, very slightly shorter than ML, contiguous or slightly separated longitudinally by most of their length along inner dorsal margins; LL base width not = LL apex width which is narrower than that of ML; LL apices not expanded in horizontal plane; dorsal base of LL symmetrical; LL without lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins, not produced preapically nor narrowly on inner apical margin, apices of LL not inturned, nor out-turned; without projection on left LL; inner margins without slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, without paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, apex not shaped like arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; BP not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin.</p><p>Female (Figs 154–167). Macropterous and some species observed in flight. Pronotum without irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense; pronotal width less than humeral width; without indentation of lateral margin, irregularities at posterolateral corner; outline similar to that of male. Elytral punctation not as large as that of pronotum, nor evenly spaced; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. No legs or parts thereof swollen and /or curved. LO in V6 only, without any elevations or depressions or ridges on V7; median posterior margin of V7 widely emarginate, median area not broadly rounded; median posterior margin of V8 entire (Figs 154–159). Bursa (Figs 160–167) with paired wide plates; posterior oblique pair broad ventrally narrowing to pointed dorsal ends.</p><p>Larva. Not reliably associated.</p><p>Etymology. Medeopteryx (feminine noun; Greek mede = genitals, and pteryx = a wing, thus highlighting the shape of V7 and the deflexed elytral apices).</p><p>Remarks. Two groups within Pteroptyx Olivier have been recognized (Ballantyne 1987a) and successive phylogenetic analyses of the Luciolinae support this move to further subdivide the bent-winged fireflies (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000, 2006, 2009).</p><p>List of species of Medeopteryx gen. nov.</p><p>- Species * have an exclusively Australian distribution</p><p>- amilae (Satô) comb. nov.</p><p>- antennata (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>- clipeata sp. nov.</p><p>- corusca (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- cribellata (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>- effulgens (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- elucens (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- flagrans (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- fulminea (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- hanedai (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- platygaster (Lea) comb. nov.</p><p>- pupilla (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>- similisantennata (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- similispupillae sp. nov.</p><p>- sublustris (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- tarsalis (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>- torricelliensis (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>Key to species of Medeopteryx using males</p><p>Modified from Ballantyne (1987a, 2001)</p><p>1. Elytral apices not deflexed.............................................................................. 2 Elytral apices deflexed................................................................................. 4</p><p>2. T7, 8 dark brown ((Fig. 179)........................................................... similispupillae sp. nov. T7, 8 pale (Fig. 170)....................................................................... pupilla (Olivier)</p><p>3. Anterior margin of entire LO in V7 emarginated (Fig. 147)........................................ clipeata sp. nov. Anterior margin of LO in V7 not emarginated............................................................... 3</p><p>4. Elytral apices pointed, angle between junction of sides B &amp; C &lt;45°; e.g. Fig. 144 (Ballantyne 1987a Figs 2g, 8h, 9g, 13o).. 5 Elytral apices rounded or truncate, angle between junction of sides B &amp; C&gt; 45°, usually obtuse (Ballantyne 1987a Figs 4b, g, 5g, 6i, 7m, 10h, 11h, 12g, n, 13h)......................................................................... 7</p><p>5 Head between eyes orange; endemic to New Britain (Ballantyne 1987a Figs 5, 8)................. effulgens (Ballantyne) Head between eyes brown............................................................................. 6</p><p>6 Endemic to Cebu island, Philippines; light patterns unknown; flanges not determined...................... amilae (Satô) Endemic to mainland New Guinea; light patterns described in Ballantyne 1987a: 156); flanges wide, apices may be rounded in Kar Kar Island specimens (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 9)......................................... fulminea (Ballantyne)</p><p>7 Elytra pale yellow with apex black; flanges broad, apically rounded (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 Fig. 11).. tarsalis (Olivier) Elytra entirely medium to dark brown.................................................................... 8</p><p>8 Dimple (depressed area) present on V7; Figs 143, 145 (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 Figs 7, 11; Ballantyne 1987a Figs 2, 7–11) ................................................................................................... 9 Dimple (depressed area) absent on V7 (e.g. Ballantyne 1987a, Figs 12, 13)..................................... 12</p><p>9 Elytral apices truncate, (short, wider than long)................................................ platygaster (Lea) Elytral apices strongly deflexed (long, at least as long as wide)................................................ 10</p><p>10 Elytral apices with A and C subequal, slightly longer than B; dimple shallow, hump only gently elevated; median posterior projection of V7 apically scarcely emarginate; dorsally reflexed margins of Vs 6 and 7 entirely brown; flanges of T8 short, wide, apically rounded; ASD subequal to ASW (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 11)........................ elucens (Ballantyne) Elytral apices with A, B and C subequal, or B and C subequal, slightly longer than A; dimple deep, or at least moderately developed, as is hump; MPP of V7 apically emarginate; dorsally reflexed margins of V6 and 7 white, or dorsally reflexed margin of V6 partly brown, and reflexed margin of V7 white; flanges elongate, narrow, apically acute; ASD&gt; ASW......... 11</p><p>11 Elytral apices with A, B, C subequal; dimple deep; (Fig. 143) (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 7).......... cribellata (Olivier) s. str. Elytral apices with B and C subequal, slightly longer than A; dimple only. moderately depressed (Fig. 141) (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 10)............................................................................ .. corusca (Ballantyne)</p><p>12 Pronotum with pronounced ridges and depressed areas in midlateral areas of disc (Fig. 184); flanges short, wide, apically acute (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 12)............................................................. sublustris (Ballantyne) Pronotum smooth over most of disc, without any pronounced ridges in midlateral areas........................... 13</p><p>13 Antennal FS 7–9 shorter than remainder.................................................................. 14 Antennal FS 7–9 not shorter than remainder.............................................................. 15</p><p>14 MPP of V7 apically emarginate in ventral aspect, and longer than wide across posterior face; apex of elytron moderately acute (Ballantyne 1987a Figs 3, 4)..................................................... similisantennata (Ballantyne) MPP of V7 entire in ventral aspect, and about as long as wide across posterior face; apex of elytron broadly rounded (Ballantyne 1987a Figs 3, 4).................................................................... antennata (Olivier)</p><p>15 Pronotum with median dark spot on disc (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 Fig. 15).................... hanedai (Ballantyne) Pronotum without dark markings on disc................................................................ 16</p><p>16 MPP of V7 apically expanded, bearing 2 short fine, dark, dorsally projecting hooks, and a fine lateral ridge; posterior margin of T8 (excluding median emargination) rounded (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 Fig. 14)........... torricelliensis (Ballantyne) MPP of V7 narrow, not expanded apically, not bearing hooks or fine lateral ridges as above; posterior margin of T8 (excluding median emargination) straight (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 13)...................................... flagrans (Ballantyne)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E49C51EFF6FBAB4FA4AEC11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E51C51EFF6FBED9FEC6EE93.text	E46FF2165E51C51EFF6FBED9FEC6EE93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx amilae (Sato) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx amilae (Satô) comb. nov.</p><p>Pteroptyx amilae Satô, 1976: 1 . Ballantyne et al. 2011:10.</p><p>Holotype. Male. PHILIPPINES: 9.52N, 123.35E Cebu Island, Argao, 62 km S of Cebu <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.35/lat 9.52)">City</a>, 10.x.1968, (Yokosuka City Museum, Japan).</p><p>Diagnosis. With orange pronotum and dark brown elytra; without flashing data; very similar to M. effulgens and M. fulminea, (both of which have associated flashing data), distinguished from M. effulgens by the brown head, and from M. fulminea by its distribution in the Philippines.</p><p>Remarks. Previously it was considered that bent-winged fireflies without the MFC were restricted to New Guinea and northern Australia (Ballantyne, 1987a). M. amilae is the first species without the comb recorded west of the island of New Guinea.</p><p>The head colour between the eyes of the holotype as interpreted by LB is medium brown (Satô described it as yellow orange). This colour is characteristic of M. fulminea which is retained because it is based on Behaviour Voucher specimens where accurate light patterns are related to individual specimens. No such data is available for M. amilae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E51C51EFF6FBED9FEC6EE93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E51C519FF6FBB5FFA40EF84.text	E46FF2165E51C519FF6FBB5FFA40EF84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx antennata (Olivier) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx antennata (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 154, 160]</p><p>Luciola antennata Olivier, 1885: 365 . Pteroptyx antennata (Olivier) . Olivier, 1909a: 319. McDermott, 1966: 117. Ballantyne and McLean, 1970: 240. Ballantyne,</p><p>1987a: 127. Lloyd, 1973a: 994, 996, 998, 1001, 1003, 1005 (light production); 1973b: 268; 1978: 265 (light production);</p><p>1979, Fig. 7. Pteroptyx antennatum Olivier, 1910b: 47; 1913b: 417. Ballantyne, 1987a: 127 (synonymy).</p><p>Lectotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: Fly River, designated by Ballantyne (1987a: 127) (MCSN).</p><p>Other specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: 143.00E, 9.00S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.0/lat -9.0)">Western Pr.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.0/lat -9.0)">Ellangowan Island</a>, Fly River, 11.xi.1922, A. McCulloch, male, 2 females (AMSA). Madang District, Alexishafen, Sek Bridge, xi.4.1969, J. Buck (SEK 23), mating pair *.</p><p>Diagnosis. 7–9mm long; orange pronotum, dark brown MS and elytra; FS orange or dark brown; FS 7–9 shorter than other FS; elytral apex broadly rounded; LO entire in V7; MPP of V7 short, broad, apically truncate and projecting moderately beyond the posterolateral corners. Distinguished from M. similisantennata by the antennal colour, shape of the MPP and outline of the deflexed elytral apices (Ballantyne 1987a Figs 3, 4).</p><p>Female (of mating pair) (Figs 154, 160). 8.0 mm long. Colour: as for male except for brown flagellar segments, abdominal ventrites pale brown, V5 paler across posterior margin, V6 entirely pale except for brown laterally reflexed margins and very narrowly brown posterior margin; V7 pale in anteromedian portion; abdominal tergites light brown except for tT7, 8 which are darker than rest. Abdomen (Fig. 154): V6 posterior margin with posterolateral corners acute, broadly excavated across posterior margin with small pointed projection in median line; V8 not indented in median line. Bursa (Fig. 160): two sets of separate plates with very small median oviduct sclerite.</p><p>Remarks. Olivier named this species for the distinctive orange FS, and brown scape and pedicel. A lectotype male and a female (Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970; Ballantyne, 1987a), and a further male and two females listed above, are the only specimens LB has seen with the pale coloured FS, consistent with the original description. All are from the type locality of the Fly River. All other specimens assigned have brown FS. Ballantyne and McLean (1970:240, Fig. 5) described 2 males with brownish orange FS (from Milne Bay area in Eastern Papua, and River Tor in Indonesia Papua), as Pteroptyx antennata, and another 4 males (as "Species A", page 266) which conformed to P. antennata except for the uniformly dark FS. Ballantyne (1987a) designated a lectotype male from a syntype series from the type locality and assigned a further 23 males to the species and included Ballantyne and McLean's Species A; all conformed to the description of antennata in Ballantyne and McLean (1970) (i.e. all lacked paler coloured FS), and many had flashing data associated (Lloyd 1973a). When observed with the unaided eye the dark and shiny brown scape and pedicel, and dull lighter brown FS approach Olivier's original description.</p><p>Lloyd (1973a) described the two major flash patterns of the males and the ability of small groups of flying males to flash in "apparent synchrony." Lloyd (1973b) described and figured the "four modulation flicker"; Lloyd (1978) figured "one of two flicker patterns” and (1979) the flash pattern of Species F (assigned to antennata by Ballantyne (1987a).</p><p>Guérin-Méneville (1838) described Luciola ruficollis with black antennae, abdomen entirely yellow beneath and abdominal apex "trilobo''. Ballantyne (1987a) considered ruficollis may have been based on antennata like specimens. Luciola ruficollis is not presently identified in collections of New Guinean Luciola .</p><p>At Alexishafen Medeopteryx antennata is sympatric with, and similar to M. similisantennata, with which it apparently shares the same pattern of light production. The similarities in light patterns suggest a form of mimicry.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E51C519FF6FBB5FFA40EF84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E56C519FF6EBC57FC2FEBD1.text	E46FF2165E56C519FF6EBC57FC2FEBD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx clipeata Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx clipeata sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 147–153]</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: Ruka, 9 m, 12.viii.1964, H. Clissold, light trap (BPBM).</p><p>Paratypes (42). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.11&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.51" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.11/lat -8.51)">Same</a> locality as holotype, 18 males. 8.51S, 143.11E , Western District, Oriomo River, 3 m, light trap, H. Clissold , 1.viii.1964, 6 males; 4.viii.1964, 2 males; 6.viii.1964, 14 males; 16.viii.1964, 2 males (BPBM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Pronotum orange, elytra dark brown; distinguished from all other Medeopteryx by the loss of the anteromedian area of LO in V7 (Fig. 147). Female and larva unknown.</p><p>Male. 6.5–7.0 mm long. Colour: pronotum, MS and MN orange; elytra dark brown (under direct microscopic examination the illumination makes the elytral pubescence appear golden thus masking the base elytral colour); head dark brown with a median triangular area on vertex dingy orange; labrum orange; antennae and palpi dark brown; ventral aspect of thorax and abdominal V2–4 and basal fourth of V5 light brown (ventral surface of metathorax sometimes dingy orange); legs orange except tibiae 1, and tarsi of all legs dark brown; V6 and 7 pale cream in area of LO, yellowish elsewhere; all tergites pale brown; dorsally reflexed margins of Vs cream. Pronotum: 1.0– 1.2 mm long; 1.4–1.6 mm wide; subparallel sided; punctures small, shallow, separated by their width. Head: moderately depressed between eyes; GHW 1.2–1.3 mm; SIW 0.3 mm; ASD subequal to ASW. Antennae elongate, slender, FS 7–9 not obviously shorter than remaining FS. Elytron (Fig. 153): apex rounded. LO (Figs 147, 149, 151): retracted from anteromedian area of V7 (the cuticular area extending from the MPP of V7 attaches in this area, as do longitudinal muscles visible through cuticle; Fig. 150). Abdomen: MPP projecting posteriorly a little beyond PLP and projecting ventrally (Fig. 147, 149, 151), terminating in fine paired projections. T8: ventral surface with lateral ridges and finely pointed, forwardly projecting flanges. Aedeagus: (Fig. 152) with apex of median lobe pointed, and bearing an acute ridge on dorsal surface level with the incurved tips of LL.</p><p>Remarks. The specific name clipeata (clipeatus, a um, Latin = bearing a shield) refers to the shield shaped area in V7 devoid of LO. This new species superficially resembles M. antennata . The functional significance of the modifications to V7 and the reduction in LO area are discussed subsequently.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E56C519FF6EBC57FC2FEBD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E56C518FF6FB81AFCBBE917.text	E46FF2165E56C518FF6FB81AFCBBE917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx corusca (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx corusca (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 139–142, 155, 161, 162]</p><p>Pteroptyx corusca Ballantyne, 1987a:1387, Fig. 10.</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.02" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.22/lat -6.02)">Eastern Highlands Pr.</a>: 145.22E, 6.02S, 4.7 miles east of Goroka (ANIC) . Other specimens examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.35/lat -3.35)">Listings</a> extend Ballantyne (1987a). NEW GUINEA: 143.35E, 3.35S, Wewak ,</p><p>2–20m, 13.x.1957, on palm, JLG, male (BPBM). 144.45E, 5.53S, Banz, west of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.53" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.45/lat -5.53)">Nondugl</a>, 21.vii.1955, light trap, JLG , 1750m, male (BPBM). Banz, Waghi Valley, 1500m, vii.21.1955, light trap, JLG, 2 males (BPBM). 144.37E, 5.55S, Western Highlands, Kamang, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.37/lat -5.55)">Minj</a>, 1840m, 21.v.1966, JLG, male (BPBM). Western Highlands, Korn farm , 1560m, x.15.1958, light trap. JLG, male (BPBM). 145.22E, 6.02S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.02" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.22/lat -6.02)">Korifeuga</a>, 22 km SE Goroka , 1200m, 30.vii.1961, malaise trap, JLG, male (BPBM). 146.40E, 7.22S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.4/lat -7.22)">Wau</a>, Morobe Distr. , 1200m, 30.vii.1961, malaise trap, JLG, male (BPBM). 146.55E, 8.16S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.16" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.55/lat -8.16)">Tapini</a>, 1000m, 9–12.vii.1968, Mena, 2 males (BPBM). 147.13E, 7.52S, Morobe Pr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.13&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.13/lat -7.52)">Garaina</a>, 800m, 15–21.i.1968, J. &amp; M. S., male (BPBM). 147.44E, 8.52S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.44&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.44/lat -8.52)">Kokoda</a>, iii.20.1956, JLG, light trap, 6 males, (1 male 400m), male 28–29.iii.1956, male at 400m, 14–16.xi.1965 (BPBM). Eastern Highlands, Simbu Pr., Chimbu district, Kundiu 5 mating pairs, 26–27.xi.1969; 9.xi.1969, sp. samp. #5 MP ‘flasher’(1) (ANIC). Eastern Highlands, outside Goroka on Lae Road, across from Tech. College, mating pair (G383) (ANIC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. 6–7.5 mm long; yellow pronotum, black MS and elytra; elytral apex rounded (Fig. 141); LOs entire in V7; abdomen with dimple and hump (Figs 139, 140, 142) (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 10).</p><p>Female. 6.8–7.0 mm long. Colour: as for male – pronotum and MN yellow, MS dark brown in posterior 2/3 and dusky brown in anterior 1/3; elytra brown; ventral surface of body including head and legs brown except for pale yellow venter of prothorax and yellow coxae 1, pale light organ, and slightly darker brown posterolateral corners of V7; all abdominal tergites pale brown, T7 slightly darker in lateral third;T7, 8 slightly darker than preceding. Abdomen (Fig. 155): posterolateral corners of V6 rounded, V6 not excavated across posterior margin; posterior margin of V7 broadly, deeply and evenly excavated, with posterolateral corners acutely angled and pointed; V8 not indented in median line. Bursa (Figs 161, 162).</p><p>Remarks. Lloyd (1973a) listed all his species by number and his "P. (= Pteroptyx) species 17" was identified by Ballantyne as P. cribellata . These specimens were subsequently assigned to P. corusca (Ballantyne, 1987a), which was the only Highland species recorded. (The improbability of a highland species having been collected around 1890 was pointed out by John Buck and others, who considered that P. cribellata could not have been based on highland specimens.). This species is one of a complex of cryptic species, the ' cribellata complex' of Ballantyne (1987a), who described a female of a mating pair (from Goroka) with lateral pronotal margins finely dark, but otherwise consistent with this description.</p><p>"The synchronised flash pattern appeared to be a single simple flash, but actually consisted of 2 modulations a preliminary dim one followed by a brighter one" (Lloyd, 1973a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E56C518FF6FB81AFCBBE917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E57C51BFF6FBBDCFE2DE83F.text	E46FF2165E57C51BFF6FBBDCFE2DE83F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx cribellata (Olivier) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx cribellata (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 143, 156, 163]</p><p>Luciola cribellata Olivier, 1892:1010 .</p><p>Pteroptyx cribellata Olivier, 1909a:319 . McDermott, 1966:117 (partim). Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:242 (partim). Lloyd, 1973b:268; 1973a:991; 1979:25. Ballantyne, 1987a: 133. Ballantyne in Calder, 1998:180.</p><p>Nec Hanson et al., 1971:161; Hanson, 1978:2158; Haneda, 1966:4; Buck et al. 1981a:277, 1981b:287.</p><p>Pteroptyx cribellatum Olivier, 1910b:47; 1913b:417. Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970: 242 (synonymy).</p><p>Pteroptyx cribratellum Pic, 1932:88 . Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:243 (synonymy). Ballantyne in Calder 1998:180.</p><p>Nec Luciola platygaster Lea. Olivier, 1913b:417 (synonymy). Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970: 243. Ballantyne in Calder, 1998:180.</p><p>Lectotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 9.43S, 147.45E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.43" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.45/lat -9.43)">Central Province</a>, Ighibirei, lectotype male of Luciola cribellata, designated by Ballantyne (1987a) (MCSN).</p><p>Other specimens examined. Unless otherwise indicated, specimens were collected by J., J. H., and M. Sedlacek, and are in BPBM. Listings extend Ballantyne (1987a). NEW GUINEA: 145.04E, 6.37S, Chimbu Pr., Karimui: 4.vi.1961, light trap, male, J. &amp; M. Gressitt; 1080m, 14–15.vii.1963, male. 146.35E, 7.13S, Morobe Pr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.13" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.35/lat -7.13)">Bulolo</a>: 700m, 26.xi.1969, 4 males; 6.xi.1969, male; 900m, 6.xi. 1969, male; Bulolo, Vatut : 700–800m, 1– 7.vi.1969, male; Bulolo River: 680m, 27.iii.1969, male; 700m, 26.xi.1969, male; 800–900m, 31.viii.1965, male; 850–900m, 24.viii. 1965, 2 males. 146.40E, 7.22S, Morobe Pr., Wau, Kujera: 1300m, 27.vi.1969, male, A. Mirza. Wau, Morobe District : 880–1050m, 8–9.ii.1963, male; 1050m, 11.xi.1961, male, 5.i.1961, male; 1100m, 29.viii.1961, male, 26.x.1961, 2 males; 1150–1600m, 9.xi.1968, male; 1200m: 27.i.1966, male; 13.viii.1961, light trap, male; 14.vii.1961, light trap, male; 5–13.iii.1964, M–V light trap, male, 8.v.1967, on Amaranth, no collector, male ; 12–1300m, 22.x.1965, male; 1300m, 14.viii.1961, male; Oct 19, 1969, J. E. Lloyd (G381) male, female. Wau, Morobe District, Mt Missim : 880–1050m, 8–9.ii.1963, 4 males; 900m, 22.ii.1965, 2 males. 147.44E, 8.52S, Kokoda, 380m, iii.20.1956, light trap, 2 males, JLG; 28–29.iii.1956, light trap, 2 males, JLG; 400m, 17– 18.xi.1965, male. Madang District, Kar Kar Island, ' Mt H. I. Tree' 28.XI.1973, E. Ball Tube 21, 16 males 18 females (10 dissected) (ANIC).</p><p>AUSTRALIA, Queensland: Cape York Peninsula: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.17&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.44" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.17/lat -12.44)">Dividing Range</a>, 15 km west King Billy Creek, 5–12. ii. 1976, G. B. Monteith, 3 males (synchronous flashing). (QMBA). 143.17E, 12.44S , Iron Range, Gordon's Creek, 8.viii.1983, B. Gillies, male (MUMA) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Orange pronotum, dark brown elytra, rounded elytral apices (Fig. 143), dimple on V7 (Fig. 143 arrowed); distinguished from other similarly coloured species by the dimensions of the deflexed elytral apex (A, B, C are subequal) and the deep dimple on V7 (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 7).</p><p>Female (Figs 156, 163) (Kar Kar Island specimens). 6.5–7.2 mm long. Colour: as for male except for dusky brown MS appearing slightly darker in posterior half (probably because of underlying mesothorax), pale LO in V6, and moderately dark brown V7, 8 and T7, 8 (V7 may bear irregular whitish patches along its anterior margin and the posterolateral corners of V7 may be darker brown than rest. Abdomen (Fig. 156): posterior margin of V6 not excavated, posterolateral corners rounded; posterior margin of V7 broadly, deeply and evenly excavated, with posterolateral corners acutely angled and pointed; V8 not indented in median line. Bursa plates (Fig. 163).</p><p>Remarks. The type locality of Ighibirei is in Central province on the Kemp Welch river (Helgen et al. 2008). In the absence of knowledge of this locality specimens were assigned to this species (see Ballantyne and McLean 1970; Ballantyne 1987a). Any reassessment of such specimens can only be made on morphological grounds.</p><p>In the absence of any flashing data, Ballantyne and McLean (1970) assigned a range of morphologically variable specimens to Pteroptyx cribellata . In 1970 LB had provided Lloyd with tentative determinations, and his species "P. 17" was thus identified in Lloyd (1973a) as Pteroptyx cribellata . Ballantyne (1987a) described a lectotype and considered that only two of Lloyd's (1973a) species, viz. species 17 and 20, conformed closely to cribellata . The flashing patterns of these two species are very similar. LB eliminated the possibility of Lloyd's species P. 17 with its highland distribution, being cribellata (Ballantyne, 1987a) . Of the broad assemblage of specimens tentatively assigned to cribellata by Ballantyne and McLean (1970), and reassigned by Ballantyne (1987a), only specimens with lowland distribution were considered as possible cribellata .</p><p>Haneda (1966), Hanson (1978), and Hanson et al. (1971) refer to Pteroptyx cribellata from New Britain; the species is Medeopteryx effulgens (Ballantyne 1987a) . Buck (1988:268) was not sympathetic to the need for such taxonomic changes, despite having heralded the possibility (Buck et al., 1981a:278).</p><p>Olivier (1913b) synonymised Luciola platygaster Lea with Pteroptyx cribellata (Olivier) . Ballantyne and Lambkin (2000) assigned platygaster to Pteroptyx .</p><p>Specimens listed here extend the range of cribellata and are tentatively assigned as no definitive information on light production is available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E57C51BFF6FBBDCFE2DE83F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E54C51AFF6FBAB4FDB1E867.text	E46FF2165E54C51AFF6FBAB4FDB1E867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx effulgens (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx effulgens (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 144, 157, 164]</p><p>Pteroptyx effulgens Ballantyne, 1987a: 141 .</p><p>Pteroptyx cribellata Olivier misidentification. Hanson et al. (1971), Hanson (1978), Buck et al. (1981a, 1981b).</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 152.00E, 4.00S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -4.0)">New Britain</a>, Gazelle Pen., 8.2 mi S Rabaul (ANIC).</p><p>Other specimens examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Unless</a> otherwise indicated specimens are in BPBM. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Listings</a> extend Ballantyne (1987a). NEW GUINEA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">New Britain</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Bismarck Archipelago</a>: 152.0E, 4.20S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Vudal</a>, SW of Keravat, 13.xii.1959, T. Maa, male. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Gazelle Peninsula</a>, 140m, 21–27.x.1962, malaise trap, JS, male; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Gazelle Peninsula</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Baipinrs</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">St Pauls</a>, 350m, 4.ix.1955, light trap. JLG, male. 152.20E, 4.20S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Keravat</a>, Lowl Agr. Exp. Sta., 3.vi.1965, 3 males, 2 females; 21.vii.1965, 2 males G. S. Dun; 15.vi.1954, J. Szent-Ivany, female, resting on cacao (Dept. Agriculture, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Port Moresby</a>). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Keravat</a>, 10.ii.1966, G Monteith, 13 males, 2 females (Tubes 231, 221, 223 UQIC); 60 m, ix.11.1955, JLG, 2 males, 31.viii.1955, male. Vunabakan, 180m, 10 km east of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.0/lat -5.0)">Keravat</a>, 16–20.xi.1959, T. Maa, 6 males, female. Gazelle Peninsula, Malmalwan–Vunakanau, v.4.1956, light trap, 4 males, v–11–13–1956, male, JLG. 150.0E, 5.0S, Willaumez Peninsula, Volupai, 100m, iv.16.1956, light trap. JLG, male. Vunakanau, 350m, x.10.1957, 2 males, v.4.1956, JLG 2 males. 151– 152.0E, 5.0– 6.0S, Jacquinot Bay, Wunung Plantation, iv.30.1956, JLG, male. 152E, 2– 5.0S, New Ireland: Lakuramau Plantation, east coast, 1.viii.1955, feeding on cacao foliage (adult was probably resting), J. Szent-Ivany, male (Dept. Agriculture, Port Moresby) .</p><p>Diagnosis. 6.8–7.5mm long; orange yellow pronotum, MS and MP; head between eyes yellow; deflexed elytral apex pointed; LO entire in V7; abdomen with dimple and hump; distinguished from all but M. fulminea and M. amilae by the possession of pointed elytral apices, and from fulminea and amilae by the orange head, and apparent restriction of effulgens to New Britain (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 8).</p><p>Female. 5.7–6.9 mm long. Colour: as for male except V5 sometimes paler brown than preceding ventrites, pale light orgn in V6, and the yellow semitransparent terminal two ventrites; basal abdominal tergites brown, T7, 8 paler brownish yellow than preceding ones. Abdomen (Fig. 157): posterior margin of V6 not excavated, posterolateral corners rounded; V7 broadly, moderately deeply and evenly excavated along posterior margin, with posterolateral corners acutely angled and pointed; V8 not indented in median line. Bursa (Fig. 164).</p><p>Remarks. Ballantyne (1987a) included only specimens with associated flashing data in the type series, and indicated that assignment of specimens without flashing data was tentative only. Because effulgens and fulminea are very similar, determination of the colour patterns (especially those of head, MS and the terminal tergites) is important. Ballantyne (1987a) encountered difficulty determining colour patterns in alcohol preserved specimens, which were apparently dead before being preserved. This difficulty is sometimes overcome by drying specimens before examination.</p><p>M. effulgens has an orange head with a dark triangular area on the vertex, and occur in New Britain. However Ballantyne (1987a) recorded one mating pair with an orange-headed male and black-headed female. No conclusions should be drawn from distributional records of specimens other than those of the type series. Type specimens of effulgens and fulminea are not sympatric, with effulgens restricted to New Britain while fulminea occurs on the New Guinea mainland. Although very similar morphologically, their light production is different.</p><p>Ballantyne and McLean's (1970) composite Pteroptyx cribellata included certain specimens with orange head; their Groups 1A, p. 244 and 1D, p. 244 were recorded from both New Guinea and New Britain, and the New Guinean specimens are tentative inclusions here.</p><p>In New Britain M. effulgens is sympatric with an orange-headed Australoluciola pharusaurea sp. nov. Lloyd (1973a) recorded 2 collecting sites "SW of Simpson Harbor, on Burma Road......The swarm trees were cocoas and palms at the roadside. Males flashed single, short flashes at a period of about 1.2 sec., frequently in bouts of about 6 flashes". Lloyd (1973a) described the "simple flashes" of both M. effulgens and M. fulminea and he listed them on p. 268 as species 15 and 16, and figured the flashes of the latter.</p><p>The species recorded as Pteroptyx cribellata in Hanson et al. (1971), Hanson (1978), Buck et al. (1981a, 1981b) from New Britain is M. effulgens .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E54C51AFF6FBAB4FDB1E867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E55C51AFF6FBA4CFE62EABE.text	E46FF2165E55C51AFF6FBA4CFE62EABE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx elucens (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx elucens (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>Pteroptyx elucens Ballantyne, 1987a: 147 .</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 146.40E, 7.22S, 4 mi n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.4/lat -7.22)">Wau</a>, elev. c 2800', near Kunai Creek, Lae Road (ANIC).</p><p>Other specimens examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.16" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.55/lat -8.16)">Listings</a> extend Ballantyne (1987a). NEW GUINEA: 143.35E, 3.35S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.16" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.55/lat -8.16)">Wewak</a>, 2–20m, 13.x.1957, JLG, male. 146.35E, 7.13S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.16" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.55/lat -8.16)">Bulolo</a>, 1010m, 19.viii. 1956, male, light trap, EF. 146.40E, 7.22S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.16" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.55/lat -8.16)">Wau</a>, Morobe Dist., 1200m, male 29.vi.1961, at light, male 22–30.vi.1962, light trap. 146.55E, 8.16S, Tapini, 1000m, 9–12.vii.1968, 2 males, Mena. (BPBM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. 6.5–7.2 mm long; pronotum and MN yellow, MS medium brown; head dark brown; elytral apices rounded; very similar to M. corusca and M. cribellata, from which it can be distinguished by the completely dark dorsal aspect of the abdomen, the outline of the median posterior projection of V7, the ventral surface of T8 including the shape of the flanges, and its simple single flash (the other 2 species have a bimodal flash) (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 11)</p><p>Remarks. Lloyd (1973a) recorded it as "abundant at the Namie-Bulolo site near Wau" and sympatric with M. effulgens, M. cribellata, M. sublustris, and 3 Luciola species, and the male flash pattern "a single, short flash with a period of about 5.5 secs".</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E55C51AFF6FBA4CFE62EABE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E5AC515FF6FBF84FB5DE842.text	E46FF2165E5AC515FF6FBF84FB5DE842.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx flagrans (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx flagrans (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 146, 158]</p><p>Pteroptyx flagrans Ballantyne, 1987a:151 .</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 144.58E, 5.59S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.58&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.59" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.58/lat -5.59)">Chimbu District</a>, Catherine Mission (ANIC).</p><p>Other specimens examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.04&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.04/lat -6.37)">Specimens</a> are in BPBM unless otherwise indicated, and listings extend Ballantyne (1987a). NEW GUINEA: 145.53E, 5.54S, Above Kerowagi, 2300m, vii.6.1955, JLG, male. 144.37E. 5.55S, Minj, W Highlands, ix.8–13.1959, sweeping, T. Maa, 2 males, 2 females. 145.04E, 6.37S, Karimui, 1080m, 13.vii.1963 , male. 146.40E, 7.22S, Wau, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.4/lat -7.22)">Morobe District</a>, Mt Missim, 1100m, 17.i.1963 , H. Clissold, male; 880– 1050m, 8–9.ii.1963 , male; 1450m, 20.iii.1974, on Urticaceae, JLG male. Wau, Bulolo River, 850–900m, 24.viii.1965 , male; 1100–1200m, 25.ix.1968, male NK. Morobe Dist., Aseki, 1100m, 13.iv.1974 , A. Hart, male. Feramin, 150– 120m, 11–22.v.1959 , WB, male. Chimbu District, Kundiu, Catherine Mission. 26–29.XI.1969 , 8 mating pairs; one MP #6, 13.XI.1969; 1 MP no spect. 8.XI.1969 (ANIC) .</p><p>INDONESIA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.48" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.1/lat -2.48)">West Irian</a> (as New Guinea, Netherlands): 140.10E, 2.48S, Genjam, 40 km W of Hollandia , 100–200m, 1–10.iii. 1963, T. Maa, male. Guega, W. of Swart Valley, 1200m, 15.xi.1958, JLG, 2 males. Swart Valley, W side , 1400–2000m, xi.13.1958, male, JLG. Swart Valley, Karubaka , 1450m, xi.12.1958, male; 1300m, xi.7.1958, 2 males, 3 females, JLG.</p><p>Diagnosis. 6.1–7.1mm long; pronotum, MP yellow, MS dusky yellow, darker than pronotum; frons and labrum sometimes orange; elytral apices rounded (Fig. 146); LOs entire in V7; dimple and hump absent; distinguished from M. torricelliensis (Fig. 183) by its smaller size and the outline of the terminal abdomen; from M. hanedai by the uniformly orange pronotum, and M. sublustris by the smooth surface of the pronotum (see Fig. 184) (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 12; Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 Figs 14, 15).</p><p>Female (Fig. 158) (Kundiu specimens). 5.9–7.2 mm long. Colour: as for male except for dusky brown MS, pale LO in V6, and slightly paler brown V7, 8 which may be irregularly marked laterally in darker brown. Abdomen: posterior margin of V6 not medially emarginate, posterolateral corners rounded; posterior margin of V7 broadly, shallowly and evenly emarginated, posterolateral corners rounded; V8 not indented in median line. Bursa with two sets of wide plates.</p><p>Remarks. Ballantyne (1987a:152) described the flashing patterns of this species which earned it the common name of "flickerer" used by Lloyd, Buck, Hopkins and others.</p><p>Lloyd (1973a) described "3 common and distinctive luminescent patterns" and the female behaviour pattern, where "females are attracted to and land near flashing males. In other species (non Pteroptyx) studied in New Guinea and elsewhere, it is the males that are attracted to stationary luminescing females".</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E5AC515FF6FBF84FB5DE842	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E5AC514FF6FBA6EFDCCEB47.text	E46FF2165E5AC514FF6FBA6EFDCCEB47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx fulminea (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx fulminea (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 145, 159]</p><p>Pteroptyx fulminea Ballantyne, 1987a:153 .</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: Morobe District, 2,800' (ANIC).</p><p>Other specimens examined. Collector is J. Sedlacek unless indicated otherwise, and specimens are in BPBM. Listings extend Ballantyne (1987a). Ball’s tubes from Kar Kar Island (in ANIC) are identified by tube number and annotation as KK followed by a number; these can be related to field data records kept by Ball. Specimens * have lateral pronotal margins finely dark.</p><p>NEW GUINEA: 146.00E, 4.40S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.0/lat -4.4)">Kar Kar Island</a>, Namau, 0–200m, 9.viii.1968, NK, 11 males ; 145.52E, 4.42S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.52&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.42" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.52/lat -4.42)">Kurum</a>, 0–100m, viii.1968, NK, male. Kar Kar Island, Eldon Ball, 22.xi.1973 3 males, 6 females (tube 11 KK2) ; 20.xi.1973 5 females (tube 13 KK1); 22.xi.1973 2 males, 5 females (tube 9 KK2); 23 Nov 1973 9 males, 1 female (Tube 20, KK2); 22 Nov 1973 5 males, 4 females (tube 25 KK5); 22 Nov 1973 5 males 4 females (tube 28 KK4)(ANIC) . 147.51E, 6.35S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.51&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.51/lat -6.35)">Finschhafen</a>, 14.iv.1944 male, 21.iv.1944 male*, E. Ross; iv.1944, F. Skinner, male *. 146.53E, 6.43S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.53&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.43" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.53/lat -6.43)">Bubia</a>, near Lae, vii.22.1959, Freycinetia, male . 146.35E, 7.13S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.13" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.35/lat -7.13)">Bulolo</a>, 700m, 18.vi.1969, male, 6.xi.1969, male, 26.xi.1969, 4 males (2 males *) , 31.xii.1969, male. Bulolo River, 680m, 2.ii.1969, male*, 23.iv.1969, male*, 8.v.1969, male*, 4.vi.1969, male*; 26.xi.1969, 2 males *; 1130m, 17.ix.1969, male*. Bulolo-Vatut, 7–800m, 1–7.vi.1969, male*. 146.40E, 7.22S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.4/lat -7.22)">Wau</a>, Morobe District, 1080m, 15.viii.1964, light trap, male*; 1100m, 2.ix. 1961, male*; 1150m, 11.vii.1971, ( Mallotus), male; 1200m, 19–23.vi.1961, light trap, 2 males ; 30.vii.1961, malaise trap, male; 10.vii.1961, male; 7.viii.1961, male; 14.viii.1961, light trap, male; 17.viii.1961, light trap, male*; 26–29.ix.1961, M-V light trap, male; 27.x.1961, 2 males; 15–22.xi.1961, 3 males; 19.xi.1961, 2 males (1 male *); 2.xii.1961, male; 15.xii.1961, male*; 18.xii.1961, 2 males *; 25.xii.1961, male; 28– 30.vi.1962, light trap, male*; 23.i.1968, male; 22.iii.1969, on coffee, male*; 19.vii.1971, ( Mallotus), 2 males; 6.vii.1973, on Ficus sp., male; 1200–1300m, 4.ii.1962, male, G. Monteith; 14–17.i.1963, male; 1600–1700m, 28.xii.1961, male. Wau, Hospital Creek, 1200m, 6.iv.1965, male. Wau, Mt Missim, 900m, 22.ii.1965, male *. 147.10E, 7.53S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.53" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.1/lat -7.53)">Garaina</a>, 800m, 15.i.1968, male*, 4.i.1968, male*, 830m, 13–15.i.1968, male *. 147.44E, 8.52S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.44&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.44/lat -8.52)">Kokoda</a>, 400m, 15–20.xi.1965, light trap. 4 males ; 18.xi.1966, male; 380m, iii.20.1956, light trap, JLG, 2 males. 147.07E, 9.30S, east of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.07&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.07/lat -9.3)">Port Moresby</a>, Bisianumu, 500m, 8.vi.1955, primary forest, JLG, male. Daradae Plantation, 500m, 80 km N to Port Moresby, ix.4.1959, T. Maa, 21 males (1 male sweeping) . Mamai Plantation, near Port Glasgow, i.1965, 30– 60m, P. Shanahan, male .</p><p>INDONESIA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.39&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.39/lat -2.37)">West Irian</a> (as New Guinea, Netherlands): 139.00E, 2.00S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.39&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.39/lat -2.37)">River Tor</a>, mouth, 4 km E of Hol Maffen, 2–5.vii.1959, light trap, T. Maa, male*. 140.39E, 2.37S, Hollandia area, W Sentani, Cyclops Mts, 50– 100m, 22–24.vi.1959, light trap, JLG and T. Maa, male. Hollandia, 13.iii.1960, T. Maa, male .</p><p>Diagnosis. 5.5–6.8 mm long; pronotum yellow with narrowly dark lateral margins; MP yellow, MS dark brown; head between eyes brown; deflexed elytral apex pointed (Fig. 145; Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 9); LOs entire in V7 (Fig. 145); most similar to M. amilae and M. effulgens, distinguished from the former by its patterns of light production and distribution in eastern New Guinea, and from the latter by light patterns, head colour, and occurrence in mainland New Guinea.</p><p>Female (Fig. 159; Kar Kar Island specimens). 6.3–7.2 mm long. Colour: as for male with dark MS; pale LO in V6; V7, 8 not as dark as preceding ventrites, V7 may have pale markings irregularly scattered in anterior section. Bursa plates like those of M. cribellata: (e.g. Fig. 163).</p><p>Remarks. Ballantyne (1987a) chose the specific name to emphasize the pattern of light production, and the common name of "flasher" given by Buck and others. M. effulgens and M. fulminea may be restricted in distribution i.e. effulgens to New Britain and fulminea to mainland New Guinea. Ballantyne's (1987a) decision to erect 2 species was a purely taxonomic one. Ballantyne (1987a) described two exceptions in the New Britain population of M. effulgens without orange heads; of specimens recorded here the dark headed Lindenhafen male has MS dusky and T8 dark; the Keravat male has MS and T8 pale. Ballantyne (1987a) recorded two elytral apex types for specimens assigned to fulminea– viz. elytral apices pointed (Fig. 9g) and rounded (Fig. 9j), but keyed the species with elytral apices pointed. Specimens from Kar Kar Island have elytral apices more broadly rounded, and their assignment here without any information on flashing patterns is thus tentative only.</p><p>Lloyd (1973a) recorded this species from "Bulolo River near Wau....near Lae at the Markham River Bridge...and at Alexishafen at the Biges River Bridge". It occurred alongside M. pupilla and M. antennata at Alexishafen, and M. elucens at Wau (Ballantyne 1987a, p. 156); it emits "single short flashes at periods of 1 to 1.9 sec " (Lloyd 1973a). At similar temperatures the interval is 1.2–1.3 seconds for both fulminea and effulgens . The single male in "Species F" (Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970) is assigned to M. fulminea .</p><p>Medeopteryx fulminea was erroneously recorded as "P. sp. 3" under "P. 19. Pteroptyx antennata " by Lloyd (1973a:1001) (Ballantyne, 1987a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E5AC514FF6FBA6EFDCCEB47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E5BC517FF6FB96DFDCBEC77.text	E46FF2165E5BC517FF6FB96DFDCBEC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx hanedai (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx hanedai (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>Pteroptyx hanedai Ballantyne, in Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:259.</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 144.44E, 5,51S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.44&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.51" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.44/lat -5.51)">Star Mountains</a>, Sibil Valley (BPBM).</p><p>Other specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: 143.00E, 9.00S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.0/lat -9.0)">Western Pr.</a>, Fly River, Losobip, 400–600 m, viii. 1969, JS, male, 2 females (BPBM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. 5.9–6.2 mm long; distinguished from all other Medeopteryx by the median dark marking on the pronotum. (Characters of terminal abdomen not determined).</p><p>Remarks. Luciola aspera Olivier, described from a female, has median dark pronotal markings similar to M.</p><p>hanedai; however males without deflexed elytral apices are assigned to aspera which is transferred to Australoluciola gen. nov.</p><p>The Fly River male is the only representative of this species from other than the Sibil Mountains and the specimens may not be conspecific.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E5BC517FF6FB96DFDCBEC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E58C517FF6FBE7CFCF4EE2E.text	E46FF2165E58C517FF6FBE7CFCF4EE2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx platygaster (Lea) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx platygaster (Lea) comb. nov.</p><p>Luciola platygaster Lea, 1909:110 . Olivier, 1910b:45.</p><p>Pteroptyx platygaster (Lea) . Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000: 69.</p><p>Nec Pteroptyx cribellata Olivier. Olivier, 1913b:417 (synonymy). McDermott, 1966:117. Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:242. Ballantyne, 1987a:133. Ballantyne in Calder, 1998:180.</p><p>Lectotype. Male. AUSTRALIA. Cairns, lectotype male of Luciola platygaster Lea, designated by Ballantyne &amp; McLean (1970) (SAMA).</p><p>Diagnosis. An Australian Medeopteryx with orange pronotum, dark brown elytra, dimple and hump on V7, and narrowly deflexed elytral apex (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000 Fig. 20). Female macropterous, larva unknown.</p><p>Remarks. Ballantyne and Lambkin (2000) revealed two species of Pteroptyx (now Medeopteryx) in Australia, distinguished by the form of the deflexed elytral apex. The females recorded from Iron Range in Ballantyne and Lambkin (2000:69) are probably females of M. cribellata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E58C517FF6FBE7CFCF4EE2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E58C516FF6FBC8AFB35EF57.text	E46FF2165E58C516FF6FBC8AFB35EF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx pupilla (Olivier. Ballantyne & McLean 2013) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx pupilla (Olivier)</p><p>[Figs 168–176]</p><p>Luciola pupilla Olivier, 1892:1011; 1902:72.</p><p>Pteroptyx pupilla (Olivier) . McDermott, 1966:117.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) pupilla Olivier. Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:237, 268. Nec Ballantyne, 1987a:164, 165, 167; Ballantyne, 1987b:177, 178, 185.</p><p>Lectotype. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.43" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.45/lat -9.43)">Male</a> designated here. NEW GUINEA: 9.43S 147.45E Central Pr., Ighibirei (MCSN).</p><p>Other Specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: 5.14S, 145.45E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.45/lat -5.14)">Madang Dist.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.14" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.45/lat -5.14)">Sek Harbor</a>, 10 mi n Madang, Oct. 5, 1969, J.E. Lloyd, 2 males (G148, 141). (JELC). Mt Lamington District Northern Division, C. McNamara 6 males (1 male v.1927) (AMSA) .</p><p>Diagnosis. One of two Medeopteryx with trisinuate V7 but without deflexed elytral apices; distinguished most from M. similispupillae by the pale terminal abdominal tergites (Fig. 170) and the broader ML (that of similispupillae is very narrow; Fig. 182).</p><p>Male. 5.3 (lectotype)– 7.7 mm long. Colour (Fig. 168): pronotum dingy orange (finely dark margined in G141); MS dingy orange, marked in brown in anterior half; MN cream; elytra uniformly very dark brown, reddish brown with narrowly pale margins in one Mt Lamington male; head between eyes, antennae and palpi almost black (head of G148 appearing paler brown as semitransparent cuticle reveals underlying fat body); entire ventral surface of thorax, all of legs 1–3 dark brown (coxae and base of femora of legs 1, 2 orange in one Mt Lamington male); basal abdominal ventrites dark brown; V5–7 dirty white (1/4 to ½ of posterior area of V5 pale in Mt Lamington males; T2–6 yellow (lectotype), brownish in Mt Lamington males, semitransparent, T7–8 white, semitransparent. Pronotum: 1.3 (lectotype)– 2.2 mm wide, 1.0 (lectotype)– 1.4 mm long, W/L = 1.4–1.7; punctures shallow, contiguous across anterior and lateral margins, separated by up to their width over central area of disc; midanterior margin broadly rounded, moderately projecting beyond rounded anterolateral corners, with lateral margins subparallel, converging slightly in anterior and posterior third in lectotype; lateral margins divergent slightly posteriorly, with anterolateral and posterolateral corners angulate in Mt Lamington males. Head: GHW 1.1(lectotype)– 1.8 mm, SIW 0.2 mm; ASD slightly &lt;ASW. FS elongate, slender, subequal. Abdomen (Figs 169, 170, 175, 176): LOs occupying all of V6 and 7 except for narrow posterior margin of 7; MPP moderately broad, longer than wide, apically truncate (lectotype) or slightly emarginated, longer and wider than PLP, T8 with broad short rounded flanges in lectotype; flanges about as long as wide and apically truncate in Mt Lamington males (Fig. 175). Aedeagus: (Figs 171–173) ML expanded, and may appear concave in posterior half, 0.7 as wide as LL across narrowest portion of ML; LL inturned at inner apex.</p><p>Remarks. Confusion in the literature over the identity of Luciola pupilla is resolved by designation of a lectotype (first in a syntype series). McDermott (1966) incorrectly assigned pupilla to Pteroptyx .</p><p>LB tentatively identified Lloyd's (1973a) Luciola species 11 as Luciola pupilla and abdominal modifications were described (Ballantyne, 1987a, b). This study has revealed two species with similar V7, viz. M. pupilla and M. similispupillae sp. nov.</p><p>It is now possible to determine an approximate location for "Ighibirei" which is also the type locality of Medeopteryx cribellata (Olivier) . Helgen et al. (2008) referred to Loria’s collecting locality as either “on the Kemp Welch river some little way inland “or “ just inland from the mouth of the Wanigela River”. The elevation is unknown.</p><p>Lloyd's field records for specimen G148 read "slow double pulse signal, one second interval".</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E58C516FF6FBC8AFB35EF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E59C516FF6FBD9CFD39E962.text	E46FF2165E59C516FF6FBD9CFD39E962.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx similisantennata (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx similisantennata (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>Pteroptyx similisantennata Ballantyne, 1987a:158 .</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 145– 146.00E, 4– 6.00S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.0/lat -6.0)">Madang District</a>, Alexishafen, at bridge (ANIC).</p><p>Diagnosis. Moderate sized (7.5–8.9 mm long); pronotum, MS and MN orange; elytra dark brown; LO entire in V7; dimple and hump absent; very similar to Medeopteryx antennata (Olivier), distinguished by the outline of the terminal abdomen and elytral apex and the uniformly dark antennae (Ballantyne 1987a Figs 3, 4).</p><p>Remarks. The specimens included by Ballantyne (1987b:159) in the type series of this species were initially included by Lloyd (1973a) in Pteroptyx (now Medeopteryx) antennata on the basis of their flashing data, and similarities with that species are discussed elsewhere.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E59C516FF6FBD9CFD39E962	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E59C511FF6FBB4EFB8CEE87.text	E46FF2165E59C511FF6FBB4EFB8CEE87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx similispupillae Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx similispupillae sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 164–167, 177–182)</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: Madang District, Alexishafen at bridge, 10.x.1969, (G206) J E Lloyd (ANIC).</p><p>Paratypes (68) NEW GUINEA: Madang District, Alexishafen, at bridge, 1969, J.E. Lloyd, Oct. 9 3 males (G184, 193, 198*) ; Oct. 10 3 males (G204, 211, 215); Oct. 12 4 males (G218, 219, 222*, 224); x/9/1969, SEK 12, J Buck male (ANIC). Madang District, Sek Harbor, 10 mi N Madang; Oct. 7 male (G174) ; Oct. 29 male (G448).(JELC) . All but * have associated flashing data.</p><p>The following ethanol preserved paratypes have associated flashing data with labels quoted exactly as written to permit association with Buck's field records (KK= Kar Kar Island followed by tube number). Collector is J. Buck and specimens are in ANIC unless otherwise indicated</p><p>NEW GUINEA: 4.40S, 146.00E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.0/lat -4.4)">Kar Kar Island</a>: 2 males, xi/ II/1969 , KK/1; male, female xi/13/1969 KK#1; male xi/14/1969 phase shift, bat house, KK/1; male, xi/14/1969, phase shift bat house, KK/2; male, xi/15/1969 phase shift bat house, KK/3; male, xi/15/1969 phase shift, bat house, KK/4; mating pair xi/11/1969 KK/4; male, xi/ 11/1969 phase shift, bat house, KK/5; male, xi/15/1969 phase shift, bat house KK/6; male, xi/16/1969 phase shift, bat house, KK/7; male, xi/15/1969 phase shift, bat house KK/8; male, xi/16/1969, phase shift, bat house KK/9*; 2 males, xi/11/69 KK/9*; male, xi/11/1969, KK/11; male, xi/11/1969 KK/12*; male, xi/11/1969, KK/13*; 2 males, xi/11/1969, KK/14*; male, female, xi/11/1969, KK/15; 4 males, xi/11/1969 KK/16; male, xi/11/1969 KK/16; 2 males, xi/11/1969 KK/16; 4 males, xi/11/1969, KK/16; male, xi/11/1969 KK/16; male, female Kar Kar morgue, xi/ 11/1969 , KK/21; male, X/23/1969; male, xi/11/1969 used by Eldon Ball Tube KK/E41; male, xi/11/1969. Collector Eldon Ball : 2 males, 22 Nov. 1973 KK/1–1,1–21 Tube 18; male, Tube 5A (no other data); male, (used for temperature coefficient work), Tube Ball 4; 3 males, 22 Nov 1973 , KK–3, 1–23, Tube 8; 3 males, specimens #2, #6 and #8 respectively, labelled Kar Kar, near Kurum school, to accompany tapes 1A &amp; 1B of 25/xi/1973. (ANIC) .</p><p>Code name. Luciola 11 (Lloyd, 1973a).</p><p>Diagnosis. One of two species of Medeopteryx with trisinuate V7 but without deflexed elytral apices; most obviously distinguished from the similar M. pupilla by the dark brown T6–8 (those of pupilla are pale).</p><p>Male. 6.5–7.3 mm long; Colour (Fig. 177–179) pronotum bright clear orange, fat body evenly distributed beneath; MN cream; MS transparent, orange in anterior half, brown in posterior half in holotype, orange in G204, dark brown in G184, 193, 218, 219, 222, 224; elytra dark brown, (lateral margin may appear paler because of golden hairs); head between eyes with a triangular very dark brown area on vertex, remainder medium brown; median fine dark sulcus apparent through posterior dark triangle on head; labrum transparent, dingy orange; apices of palpi dark brown; antennae dark brown (as dark as vertex), scape and pedicel largely glabrous, appearing slightly darker than hair covered FS or much darker in G193, 184; ventral surface of pro and mesothorax, coxae 1 and 2 and bases of femora 1 and 2 orange; rest of legs 1 and 2 brown; all of metathorax and legs 3 brown (except for orange trochanters); basal abdominal ventrites brown, V5 with very narrow cream band across midposterior margin; V6 and 7 creamy yellow; all tergites, and dorsally reflexed lateral margins of ventrites, brown (Fig. 179). Pronotum: 1.3–1.6 mm long, 1.3–2 mm wide, W/L = 1.2; punctures small, shallow, irregularly distributed, contiguous or separated by up to their width; midanterior margin rounded, projecting moderately beyond acute anterolateral corners; lateral margins converging in anterior and posterior areas; midposterior margin indented. Head: GHW 1.5–1.6 mm; SIW 0.3–0.4 mm; ASD = ASW. LOs: occupying V6 and 7 entirely except for narrow posterior band of 7; MPP of V7 moderately broad, apically truncate (Fig. 178) projecting a little beyond the broadly rounded LPP, and separated from them by moderately deep excavations; dorsal face of V7 bearing 2 elevated cuticular strips; T8: median posterior margin emarginated (Fig. 179); with lateral ridges and flanges similar to those of M. pupilla . Aedeagus: (Figs 180–182): elongate, slender; ML narrowed in middle third, ¼ as wide as LL at this point.</p><p>Female. 6.3–7.2 mm long; coloured as for M. pupilla and not further distinguished here.</p><p>Remarks. This species was initially identified by LB as Luciola pupilla and references to L. pupilla in Ballantyne (1987a:164, 165, 167, Fig. 14k; 1987b:177, 185), Buck and Buck (1978:486, 487), and Hanson (1978:2158) are to this species (See Table 1). Lloyd (1973a) described the flash pattern "Males flew slowly around and through the bushes and trees, emitting single, short flashes at periods of ca 1 sec".</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E59C511FF6FBB4EFB8CEE87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E5EC511FF6FBB2CFC69EA02.text	E46FF2165E5EC511FF6FBB2CFC69EA02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx sublustris (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx sublustris (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>[Fig. 184]</p><p>Pteroptyx sublustris Ballantyne, 1987a:160 .</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 146.40E, 7.22S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.4/lat -7.22)">Morobe district</a>, 4 miles north of Wau, 2800', near Kunai Creek, Lae Road, xi.12.1969, J. Lloyd (ANIC).</p><p>Other specimens examined (listings extend Ballantyne 1987a). NEW GUINEA: 146.53E, 6.43S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.44&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.44/lat -8.52)">Bubia</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.44&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.44/lat -8.52)">Markham valley</a>, 50m, 20.ix.1955, JLG, male. 147.00E, 6.45S, Lae, 20m, 19.vii.1964, JS, male. 146.35E, 7.13S, Bulolo, 700m, 26.xi.1969, JS, male. Bulolo River, 680m, 8.v.1969, JS, male. Sum-Sum, 580m, 64 km north of Wau, 15.ii.1963, H. Clissold, male. 147.10E, 7.53S, Garaina, 830m, 13–15.i.1968, JS, male. 148.15E, 8.45S, Popondetta, 23.ii.1966, G Monteith, male, 4 females (Tube 240, UQIC). 147.44E, 8.52S, Kokoda, 400m, JS, 15– 20.xi.1966 male, 18.ix.1966, male. Kokoda-Pitoki, 450m, iii.24.1956, JLG, male. (BPBM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. 6.5–7.3 mm long; pronotum orange, MS yellow, MN brown; without dimple and hump on V7; distinguished from all other Medeopteryx by the elaborate pronotal sculpturing (Fig. 184) (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 12).</p><p>Remarks. The specific name characterises the flash pattern, where, to the naked eye, the second component of the double flash is not visible (sublustris = gleaming faintly, glimmering). "The 2 peaks are nearly completely separate and the 1st is about twice the intensity of the 2nd" (Lloyd, 1973a). This species was not at first recognized by Lloyd in the field.</p><p>Olivier (1909a) described Luciola foveicollis from New Guinea with distinctive pronotal sculpturing and colour pattern similar to this species. However Luciola foveicollis (assigned herein to Australoluciola gen. nov. and redescribed) lacks the deflexed elytral apex and the pronotal sculpturing of the holotype is not to LB’s eye at all unusual, and quite unlike the distinctive pattern described for sublustris .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E5EC511FF6FBB2CFC69EA02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E5DC512FF6FBF84FAA7EE69.text	E46FF2165E5DC512FF6FBF84FAA7EE69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx tarsalis (Olivier) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx tarsalis (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>Luciola tarsalis Olivier, 1885: 360; 1902:72.</p><p>Pteroptyx tarsalis (Olivier) . Olivier, 1909b:319. McDermott, 1966:117. Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:253.</p><p>Pteroptyx tarsale Olivier, 1910b:48; 1913b:417. Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:253 (synonymy).</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 143.00E, 9.00S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.0/lat -9.0)">Western Pr.</a>, Fly River (MCSN).</p><p>Other specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.48&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.34" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.48/lat -2.34)">New Ireland</a>: 150.48E, 2.34S, Kavieng, 11.ii.1966, G. Monteith, 2 males, 8 females (Tube 222 UQIC) . NEW GUINEA: 143.00E, 9.00S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.0/lat -9.0)">Western Pr.</a>, Sturt Is., Fly River, 5.x. 1936, male, 2 females; 7.x. 1936, 2 males, 4 females; 8.x. 1936, 2 males, 3 females; 14–16.x. 1936, 15 males, 18 females (AMNH) . Mediri, 60 miles up Fly River, 8.xi.1922, A. McCulloch, male, 2 females (AMSA) .</p><p>Diagnosis. 6.2–9.1 mm long; dorsally yellow with elytral apices dark brown: the apical brown area may extend anteriorly in strips of decreasing width, sometimes reaching humeral angles; distinguished from all other New Guinean Medeopteryx by its dorsal colouration.</p><p>Remarks. This species is only known from mainland New Guinea at the Fly River, and on New Ireland. There are no details of light production and the two populations may not be conspecific.</p><p>The pale dorsal colouration with dark tipped elytra which are sometimes dark margined probably provides some protective advantage. To the unaided eye the outline of the lateral margin of the body is totally disrupted.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E5DC512FF6FBF84FAA7EE69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E5DC512FF6FBC45FE2CE99F.text	E46FF2165E5DC512FF6FBC45FE2CE99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Medeopteryx torricelliensis (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Medeopteryx torricelliensis (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>[Fig. 183]</p><p>Pteroptyx torricelliensis Ballantyne, in Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:258.</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.14&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.23" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.14/lat -3.23)">West Sepik Pr.</a>, 3.23S, 142.14E. Torricelli Mountains, Mokai Village, 750m, i.1.1959 (BPBM).</p><p>Diagnosis. Moderately large (10–11mm long); pronotum and MS reddish orange, MN brown medially, orange laterally; elytra black; most similar to Medeopteryx antennata, distinguished by the uniformly dark antennae, the nature of the posterior margin of V7 (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 Fig. 14), and its restricted distribution.</p><p>Remarks. This distinctive species is known only from the two specimens originally described and an additional specimen listed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E5DC512FF6FBC45FE2CE99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E5DC52CFF6FBA54FA4AE87F.text	E46FF2165E5DC52CFF6FBA54FA4AE87F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pacifica Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Pacifica gen. nov.</p><p>Type species. Pygatyphella salomonis (Olivier)</p><p>Diagnosis. Ballantyne and Lambkin (2009) distinguished a group of five species within Pygatyphella (Ballantyne) as “ Pygatyphella B” and this difference is formalised here with the erection of Pacifica gen. nov., which differs from Pygatyphella (Ballantyne) as follows: four species with dorsal colouration of orange pronotum (sometimes with median dark mark), and dark brown elytra which may be pale margined; Pac. russellia is pale dorsally; pronotum never with angulate convergence along lateral margins, or small depression present just anterior to corner; with irregularities at rounded obtuse posterolateral corners, not projecting strongly if at all beyond median posterior margin; no interstitial lines well-defined; elytral margins convex-sided; posterior area of V7 never reaching into LO (LO not medially emarginated); apex of MPP rounded or squarely or obliquely truncate; MPP with dorsal longitudinal ridge; dorsal surface of the posterior area of the MPP faced with cuticle that is not attached to the ventral surface of V7 and ends just behind the area of muscle attachment posterior to the LO; the anterior margin of this cuticle is emarginate and continues along the ventral surface of the MPP as a ridge (e.g. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Figs 342–349, especially Fig. 358); ventral surface of T8 usually with a curved, slightly off– centre ridge close to posterior margin; T8 outlines in Pac. limbatipennis, limbatifusca and salomonis characterised (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Figs 438–442); T8 with pale partly membranous ventral projections from the bases of the anterolateral prolongations; aedeagal sheath sternite posterior to the lateral tergite articulations subparallelsided in basal 1/3 to 1/2; aedeagus L/W&lt;3; LL/ML wide; ML never asymmetrical, always with lateral teeth; anterior margin of LL never asymmetrically produced.</p><p>Male. Pronotum: dorsal surface without irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense; wider across posterior area than rest (C&gt;A, B); pronotal width greater than humeral width; anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half divergent posteriorly; lateral margins in posterior half diverge then converge with rounded convergence; indentation at mid-point absent; without sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner absent; irregularities at corner present; posterolateral corners rounded obtuse, projecting as far as, or beyond median posterior margin, separated from it by shallow emargination.</p><p>Hypomera: closed; median area not elevated vertically; anterior area not flat to side of head; posterior area widely and strongly flattened and strongly adpressed; pronotal width/ GHW 1.6.</p><p>Elytron: punctation dense, not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and sutural ridge extend beyond mid-point, do not extend as a ridge around apex and neither is expanded in apical half; 0 interstitial lines; viewed from beneath with specimen horizontal epipleuron at elytral base narrow, covering humerus, and viewed from above arises anterior to posterior margin of the MS; epipleuron developed as lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided or convex.</p><p>Head: moderately depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close; frons-vertex junction rounded, not well-defined; without median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed and not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, separated by less than ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical labial palpomere non–lunate, strongly flattened, in the shape of a wide triangle, inner edge dentate, with 3 or more ‘teeth’. Antennae 11 segmented; length&gt;GHW to twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS1 not shorter than pedicel; FS always at least 2 X as long as wide.</p><p>Legs: inner tarsal claw not split; without MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated.</p><p>Abdomen: without cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO in V7 entire, occupying half of V7, entire LO reaching to sides or not, not reaching to posterior margin; neither anterior nor posterior margin of entire LO in V7 medially emarginated; posterior half of V7 arched with transverse muscle impressions usually visible in this area; posterolateral corners not produced, rounded; LO present in V6, occupying almost all V6. MPP present, symmetrical, apex symmetrical or not, and rounded, squarely truncate, or obliquely truncate; MPP with a narrow to wide and elongate dorsal ridge slightly to left of the median line; L=W, not strongly inclined dorsally; not engulfed by the apex of T8; V7 without median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, PLP, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘dimple’, or reflexed lobes. T7 without prolonged posterolateral corners. T8 strongly sclerotised, not subparallel-sided, margins converge gently towards posterior end; symmetrical, W=L or L&gt;W of visible posterior portion, which does not narrow abruptly; without prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior emargination, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing the posterior margin of V7 nor the MPP; T8 not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V7 horizontally; T8 ventral surface without flanges, lateral depressed troughs; median longitudinal trough absent; median posterior ridge present, usually curved, may be straight ( plagiata); concealed anterolateral arms of T8 present, not laterally emarginated before their origins, narrow, usually as long as visible posterior portion and expanded dorsoventrally; apices without bifurcation of inner margin; bases with ventrally directed pieces present.</p><p>Aedeagal sheath: never&gt; 4 times as long as wide; without paraprocts; asymmetrical in posterior area with sheath sternite subparallel-sided for a third its length past articulation with sheath tergite, and then emarginated on right side; sternite not angulate on L or R sides; posterior margin entire, rounded, not emarginated on either side; anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded; tergite without lateral arms extending widely anteriorly beside sheath sternite; tergite not subdivided, without projecting pieces along posterior margin of T9; anterior margin of tergite without transverse band.</p><p>Aedeagus: L/W &lt;3/1; LL without lateral appendages, visible from beneath beside ML; LL/ML wide to moderate; LL of equal length, slightly shorter than ML; LL diverging along inner margins, and separated there by&gt; half their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is subequal to or narrower than that of ML; LL apices not expanded horizontally; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated, median margin broadly rounded; LL without lateral hairy appendages; inner margins without slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, with paired lateral teeth.</p><p>Female. Macropterous and assumed capable of flight. Pronotum shaped as for male; punctation moderate to dense; pronotum&gt; humeral width; irregularities near posterolateral corner present. Elytral punctation neither as large as that of pronotum nor evenly spaced, punctation dense. Head not strongly reduced but can be retracted within prothoracic cavity, and antennae on head between eyes. Elytra with no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. No legs or parts thereof swollen and /or curved. LO in V6 only, without any elevations or depressions or ridges on V7.</p><p>Larva not associated.</p><p>List of species of Pacifica gen. nov.</p><p>- limbatifusca (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- limbatipennis (Pic) comb. nov.</p><p>- plagiata (Blanchard) comb. nov.</p><p>- russellia (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- salomonis (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>Key to species of Pacifica gen. nov.</p><p>1. Dorsal surface pale brownish yellow (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Figs 405, 406)........ russellia (Ballantyne) comb. nov. Elytra always very dark brown, sometimes with paler margins (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Figs 329–337, 340, 397, 417, 418–420)............................................................................................ 2</p><p>2. Elytra dark brown, no paler margins...................................................................... 3 Elytra always with paler margins (either lateral, apical or sutural or a combination of these).......................... 4</p><p>3. Pronotum orange with no dark markings (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Figs 417, 418)....... salomonis (Olivier) comb. nov. Pronotum orange with darker median markings (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Fig. 397)..... plagiata (Blanchard) comb. nov.</p><p>4. Pronotum pale with no median darker marking...................................... limbatipennis (Pic) comb. nov. Pronotum orange with median darker markings (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Figs 329, 338)................................................................................................. limbatifusca (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E5DC52CFF6FBA54FA4AE87F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E63C52CFF6FBA76FA4BEBD1.text	E46FF2165E63C52CFF6FBA76FA4BEBD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pacifica limbatifusca (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Pacifica limbatifusca (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>(Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Figs 329, 338, 341, 362, 363, 370, 371)</p><p>Pygatyphella limbatifusca Ballantyne. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009: 88 .</p><p>Holotype. Male. SOLOMON ISLANDS: Makira Pr., San Cristobal: 10.35S, 161.30E, Manipwena, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=161.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 161.3/lat -10.35)">Magoha River</a>, 13.viii.1960, COB (BPBM).</p><p>Diagnosis. Part of Ballantyne and Lambkin’s 2009 Pygatyphella B complex; very similar to Pacifica limbatipennis, which is not known from San Cristobal, distinguished by the median pronotal markings, the paler brown elytra, the slightly paler and much wider lateral elytral margins, and the restricted occurrence on San Cristobal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E63C52CFF6FBA76FA4BEBD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E63C52FFF6FB81DFBC0ECC7.text	E46FF2165E63C52FFF6FB81DFBC0ECC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pacifica limbatipennis (Pic) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Pacifica limbatipennis (Pic) comb. nov.</p><p>(Ballantyne and Lambkin 2009 Figs 330–337, 339, 340, 342–361, 364–369, 372–376)</p><p>Atyphella salomonis var limbatipennis Pic, 1911:165 .</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) salomonis var. limbatipennis (Pic) . McDermott, 1966:112.</p><p>Pygatyphella limbatipennis (Pic) . Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009: 90.</p><p>Holotype. Male. SOLOMON ISLANDS: labelled 1. Printed label ‘Type’; 2. Printed ‘ Solomon Is R A Lever’; 3. Lunga; 4. Handwritten ‘ Atyphella salomonis var limbatipennis Pic; 5. Handwriting unclear could be Gauda (? = Guadalcanal) 7 Dec (NHML).</p><p>Diagnosis. One of the Pygatyphella B complex of Ballantyne and Lambkin (2009); dorsal colouration orange pronotum with dark brown elytra which are pale margined along their lateral margins; most similar to Pac. limbatifusca (Ballantyne), distinguished by the absence of small paired dark markings on the pronotum, the very dark brown elytra and the narrower lateral pale band. Ballantyne and Lambkin (2009) distinguished this from other similarly coloured species on page 69 and from Pygat. salomonis in Tables 8, 9.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E63C52FFF6FB81DFBC0ECC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E60C52FFF6FBEECFE88E95D.text	E46FF2165E60C52FFF6FBEECFE88E95D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pacifica plagiata (Blanchard) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Pacifica plagiata (Blanchard) comb. nov.</p><p>(Ballantyne and Lambkin 2009 Figs 397–404)</p><p>Luciola plagiata Blanchard, 1853:75, Fig. 15, plate v. Lacordaire, 1857:337. Olivier, 1902:85.</p><p>Luciola caledonica Bourgeois, 1884:285 . Olivier, 1902:75. Heller, in Sarasin and Roux, 1916:243. Fauvel, 1904:139. Synonymy.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) caledonica Bourgeois. McDermott, 1966:100 . Synonymy.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) plagiata Blanchard. McDermott, 1966: 111 . Synonymy.</p><p>Pygatyphella plagiata (Blanchard) . Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009: 97.</p><p>Types. Luciola caledonica Bourgeois. NEW CALEDONIA: Iles des Pins, not found MNHN 2002 by LB .</p><p>Luciola plagiata Blanchard. SOLOMON ISLANDS ( Ile St. George). Location of type specimens unknown .</p><p>Diagnosis. Moderate sized (6.0– 7.4 mm long); pronotum red yellow with an anterior median dark mark; elytra black; venter of body yellow; median posterior projection of V7 with rounded apex; T8 with ventrally directed flanges on long and vertically expanded anterior prolongations; MPP with dorsal ridge; T8 with short posteromedian ridge; ML of aedeagus with lateral teeth; aedeagal sheath with basal 1/3 of posterior area subparallel-sided.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E60C52FFF6FBEECFE88E95D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E60C52FFF6FBB99FCD0E8D7.text	E46FF2165E60C52FFF6FBB99FCD0E8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pacifica russellia (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Pacifica russellia (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>(Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Figs 405–416)</p><p>Pygatyphella russellia Ballantyne. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009: 99 .</p><p>Holotype. Male. SOLOMON ISLANDS: Central Pr., Russell Island: Pavuvul Is, Pepesala, 0–100 m, 19.vii.1964, RS (BPBM).</p><p>Diagnosis. The only species Ballantyne and Lambkin (2009) identified in the Pygatyphella Group B complex with pale dorsal colouration. Known from 2 specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E60C52FFF6FBB99FCD0E8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E60C52FFF6FB91CFEE3EAF6.text	E46FF2165E60C52FFF6FB91CFEE3EAF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pacifica salomonis (Olivier) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Pacifica salomonis (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>Atyphella salomonis Olivier, 1911a:172 .</p><p>Pygatyphella salomonis (Olivier) . (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Figs 417–439)</p><p>Nec Atyphella salomonis var. limbatipennis Pic, 1911:165 . Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009: 100.</p><p>Nec Luciola (Luciola) salomonis var. limbatipennis Pic. McDermott, 1966:112 . Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009: 100.</p><p>Holotype. Male. SOLOMON ISLANDS. (NHML).</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from other similarly coloured Solomon Island species by the retracted LO in V7, the arched posterior area of V7. Distinguished from Pac. limbatipennis by the pale lateral elytral margins, and narrower and apically pointed teeth on the ML in the latter (see Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009, Tables 8, 9 for comparisons).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E60C52FFF6FB91CFEE3EAF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E61C529FF6FBF84FC33E93C.text	E46FF2165E61C529FF6FBF84FC33E93C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poluninius Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Poluninius gen. nov.</p><p>[Figs 185–190]</p><p>Type species: Poluninius selangoriensis sp. nov. monotypic.</p><p>Diagnosis. Poluninius gen. nov. is an oriental genus belonging in a group of 7 genera characterized by: an elongate slender aedeagus with LL concealed behind the median lobe when viewed from beneath, pronotal width less than width across elytral humeri, parallel-sided elytra, aedeagal sheath elongate slender, widest across the middle, with posterior half of sternite tapering evenly on both sides towards a narrow entire apex. Males are distinguished from Australoluciola gen. nov. which has an entire LO in V7 by the bipartite V7 LO; from Colophotia in lacking both a median carina on V7, and expanded and oblique PLP; from Pteroptyx in lacking deflexed elytral apices; from Trisinuata gen. nov. by the presence of lobes along V7 posterior margin and aedeagal sheath paraprocts; from most Medeopteryx gen. nov. in lacking deflexed elytral apices. Similar to Pyrophanes with lobes along V7 posterior margin, differing in lacking the MFC, and lateral ventral troughs of T8 bearing spines and hairs. It differs from Luciola indica in lacking the bulbous median lobe and in possessing bulbous projections along V7 posterior margin. Dorsal colour pattern of yellowish pronotum and elytra with apical brown area is common to many species in SE Asia (McDermott 1966).</p><p>Male. Pronotum: dorsal surface without irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense; anterior margin not explanate; subparallel-sided, margins straight (A=B=C); width &lt;humeral width; anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins without indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; without indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners angulate, less than 90 and inclined obliquely to the median line; posterolateral corners not projecting as far as median posterior margin and separated from it by scarce emarginations.</p><p>Hypomera: closed; median area not elevated in vertical direction; median area more widely flattened than elsewhere; pronotal width/ GHW 1.2.</p><p>Elytron: punctation not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and sutural ridge extend beyond mid-point, almost to apex but not as ridge around apex, neither thickened in apical half; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent; in horizontal specimen viewed from below epipleuron at elytral base wide, covering humerus; viewed from above the anterior margin of the epipleuron arises anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as a lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided.</p><p>Head: moderately depressed between eyes; well exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum moderately separated; frons-vertex junction rounded, without median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous, ASD subequal to ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when head viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical labial palpomere strongly flattened, shaped like narrow triangle (narrowest at base and L 2–3 X W), with inner edge entire, and less than half as long as apical maxillary palpomere. Antennae 11 segmented; length&gt;GHW to twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS1 not shorter than pedicel.</p><p>Legs: inner tarsal claw not split; without MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated.</p><p>Abdomen: (Figs 185, 186; Fu et al. 2012b Figs 13–15) without cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior; LO in V7 bipartite with inner margins almost contiguous, occupying most of V7, and reaching to sides and into the short PLP; LO present in V6, occupying almost all V6. MPP present, symmetrical, apex rounded and shallowly emarginate, not laterally compressed, short, longer and wider than PLP, not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T8 apex, without dorsal ridge, median longitudinal trough. V7 posterior margin trisinuate with incurving apically bulbous lobes and pointed projections in the emarginations between MPP and PLP; V7 without median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, median ‘dimple’, or reflexed lobes; PLP short slightly produced and narrow, much narrower and shorter than MPP. T7 without prolonged anterolateral corners. T8 well sclerotised, symmetrical, W=L, visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, median posterior margin shallowly and narrowly emarginate; widest across middle with lateral margins tapering evenly in both an anterior and posterior direction; without prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V7; T8 ventral surface with well developed median longitudinal trough, margined by well defined symmetrical ridges; anterior end of ridges not produced, rounded in outline; without lateral depressed troughs, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T8 slightly shorter than visible posterior portion of T8, not laterally emarginated before their origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, expanded only in horizontal plane; without bifurcation of inner margin and ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T8 not enfolding sides of V7.</p><p>Aedeagal sheath (Figs 189, 190): approx. 3 times as long as wide; with bulbous paraprocts; symmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite tapers evenly to a narrow rounded apex; anterior half of sternite relatively narrow, apically rounded; tergite without lateral arms extending anteriorly at sides of sheath sternite; tergite without projecting pieces along posterior margin of T9, anterior margin without transverse band.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 187, 188): L/W 5/1; LL not visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL/ML narrow; LL of equal length, slightly shorter than ML, contiguous along inner dorsal margins; separated longitudinally by 1/3 their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is much narrower than that of ML; LL apices not expanded in horizontal plane; LL without lateral appendages; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated (arrowed in Figs 187, 188); LL without lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins, not produced preapically nor narrowly on inner apical margin, apices of LL not inturned, nor out–turned; without projection on left LL; inner margins without slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, with anterior prolongation long and narrow (anterior end arrowed in Figs 187, 188); without paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, apex not shaped like arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; BP much longer than wide, not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin.</p><p>Female, Larva not associated.</p><p>Etymology. Poluninius (masculine) is a noun latinised from the surname of the late Ivan Polunin who collected the few species of this unusual genus, and is named in his honour.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E61C529FF6FBF84FC33E93C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E66C529FF6FBBBFFB1EEBD1.text	E46FF2165E66C529FF6FBBBFFB1EEBD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poluninius selangoriensis Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Poluninius selangoriensis sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 185–190]</p><p>Type. Male. MALAYSIA: Selangor, I. Polunin (ANIC) .</p><p>Paratypes (3). Two males same data as holotype (ANIC). Kg Kuantan village orchard, DZA outside, coll Kat, male (FRIM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The only species of Poluninius, distinguished by its pale dorsal colouration and the fleshy lobes on V7.</p><p>Male. 5.1–5.5 mm long. Colour: Dorsal surface of pronotum and elytra pale yellowish brown with narrow black areas at the tips of the elytra; Selangor specimens preserved in 70% ethanol appear semitransparent, with elytra are slightly darker than the pronotum because of underlying hind wings; head between eyes dark brown; maxillary palpi mid brown; apical labial palpomere mid brown, remainder yellowish; ventral surface of thorax and legs orange yellow except for brown tibiae and tarsi of legs 1, and brown tarsi of legs 2, 3; dorsal and ventral surface of abdomen very pale yellowish, except for white LOs in V6, 7.</p><p>Pronotum 1.0– 1.1 mm long; 1.4–1.5 mm wide; W/L 1.4. Elytra 5.1–5.5 mm long. GHW 1.2 mm; SIW 0.2 mm.</p><p>Etymology. The type locality is latinised, genitive case to reflect the origins of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E66C529FF6FBBBFFB1EEBD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E66C52AFF6FB81DFDCFEF57.text	E46FF2165E66C52AFF6FB81DFDCFEF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroptyx	<div><p>Pteroptyx s. str. Olivier</p><p>Pteroptyx Olivier, 1902:72; 1907:55; 1909a:319; 1909b:lxxxii; 1910b:47; 1911b:16; 1913a:58. Olivier &amp; Pic, 1909:139. McDermott, 1959:10 (partim); 1964:46 (partim); 1966:117 (partim). Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:223 (partim). Ballantyne, 1987a:117; 1987b:171; 2001:51. Ballantyne et al. 2011:8 (partim).</p><p>Nec Ballantyne in Calder 1998:180.</p><p>Type species. Olivier (1902) described Pteroptyx from 2 species viz. Luciola testacea Motsch. and Luciola malaccae Gorham. Lucas (1920) designated Luciola testacea as the type species of Pteroptyx (see Ballantyne in Calder 1998:179). Ballantyne and McLean (1970) were of the opinion, from an examination of a black and white photograph of the type species, that Luciola testacea lacked deflexed elytral apices and its taxonomic position is uncertain, and considered that Luciola malaccae should be advanced to the International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature for consideration as the type species of Pteroptyx s. str. This matter has been held in abeyance until a phylogenetic analysis established the position of all species with deflexed elytral apices.</p><p>Diagnosis. Pteroptyx s. str. is an oriental genus that belongs in a group of 7 genera with males characterized by: an elongate slender aedeagus with apices of LL concealed behind the median lobe when viewed from beneath, pronotal width less than width across elytral humeri, parallel-sided elytra, aedeagal sheath elongate slender, widest across middle, with posterior half of sternite not emarginate on either side, and tapering evenly towards a narrow entire apex. Males of Pteroptyx s. str. have a MFC, deflexed elytral apices, aedeagal sheath with bulbous paraprocts and bipartite LOs in V7. Males are distinguished from Australoluciola which has entire LOs in V7 and lacks the MFC; from Colophotia in lacking a median carina on V7, expanded and oblique PLP and elongate slender aedeagal sheath; from Pyrophanes and Poluninius gen. nov. which lack deflexed elytral apices; from Trisinuata gen. nov. and Medeopteryx gen. n which lack the MFC and bulbous aedeagal sheath paraprocts. It differs from Luciola indica in lacking the bulbous median lobe and non deflexed elytral apices. Two presently undescribed species were identified in this analysis (Fig. 3 Node 15 blue numbers 5, 6) (one without deflexed elytral apices; Ballantyne in prep.).</p><p>List of species of Pteroptyx s. str.</p><p>- asymmetria Ballantyne</p><p>- bearni Olivier</p><p>- decolor Olivier</p><p>- gelasina Ballantyne</p><p>- maipo Ballantyne</p><p>- malaccae Olivier</p><p>- macdermotti McLean</p><p>- masatakai Kawashima</p><p>- sulawesiensis Kawashima</p><p>- tener Olivier</p><p>- truncata Ballantyne</p><p>- valida Olivier</p><p>Key to species of Pteroptyx from SE Asia using males</p><p>Modified slightly from, and with figure references to, Ballantyne et al. (2011). Interpretation of colour patterns in the elytra in ethanol preserved specimens where the underlying dark hind wing becomes visible may be difficult. Ballantyne (2008) suggested pulling the elytron aside and allowing it to dry.</p><p>1. V7 with slender incurving hair bearing lobes along its posterior margin between PLP and MPP (arrowed in Ballantyne et al. 2011 Figs 9, 10); LOs in V7 restricted to very small anterolateral plaques; PLP of V7 narrowed and considerably produced beyond the posterior margin of the MPP; T8 prolonged apically beyond MPP with margins converging posteriorly (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Figs 9, 10).................................................................. macdermotti McLean V 7 without slender incurving hair bearing lobes along its posterior margin between PLP and MPP; LOs in V7 never restricted to very small anterolateral plaques; if posterolateral processes of V7 narrowed then not produced far beyond the posterior margin of MPP if at all; T8 not as above...................................................................... 2</p><p>2. T8 bearing slender elongate lobes along its posterior margin to either side of the posterior median emargination (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Figs 7, 13); flanges on ventral surface of T8 absent; basitarsus of legs 2 often excavated in its inner margin (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Fig. 11)................................................................................. 3 T8 without slender elongate lobes along its posterior margin to either side of the median posterior emargination (e.g. Ballantyne et al. 2011 Figs 8, 17, 19, 24); flanges may be present on ventral surface of T8.................................. 6 3. Posterior margin of T8 strongly asymmetrical especially when viewed from above; posterior margin of T7 broadly, shallowly and evenly emarginate; elytral apices broadly rounded (C&gt; A or B); all FS simple; posterolateral corners of V7 produced and rounded; MPP with short narrow paired hooks with apices inclining inwards (Ballantyne 2001 Figs 1–3)................................................................................................... asymmetria Ballantyne Posterior margin of T8 symmetrical or nearly so (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Figs 7, 19, 24); any asymmetry is in the paired lobes arising at each side of the MPP, and not an asymmetry of the entire posterior margin; posterior margin of T7 either scarcely emarginated and slightly bisinuate, or moderately deeply emarginated with acute posterolateral corners and straight anterior margin; elytral apices rounded or margin B obliquely truncate; FS1 slightly expanded in median area in decolor; posterolateral corners of V7 produced and rounded, or not produced and angulate; posterior margin of T8 deeply emarginated in middle area with posterolateral corners produced and rounded, or barely and very narrowly emarginated in median line only.......... 4</p><p>4. Posterolateral processes of V7 angulate, not or scarcely produced posteriorly (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Figs 7, 12); posterior margin of V7 between PLP and MPP slightly sinuate; posterior margin of T7 with narrowed angulate corners and a small shallow median emargination (margin appears trisinuate); elytral apices obliquely truncate across most of their anterior (outer) margin (C); aedeagus dimensions B/A 0.6................................................................ tener Olivier Posterolateral processes of V7 rounded obtuse, and produced posteriorly; posterior margin of V7 between PLP and MPP with moderately deep and rounded emarginations; posterior margin of T7 deeply emarginated in middle area with posterolateral corners produced and rounded; posterior margin of T7 not appearing trisinuate; elytral apices C rounded or truncate; aedeagus dimensions B/A&gt; 0.6.................................................................................. 5</p><p>5. Dorsal surface entirely pale coloured (dark markings at tip of elytra may be present); pronotum without any pink markings; head and anterior margin of scape pale yellow with labrum dark brown; elytral apices rounded; projections on either side of median emargination of T8 relatively broad and apically rounded; aedeagus dimensions B/A 0.75.......... decolor Olivier Elytra pale brown, semitransparent, with lateral margin paler than rest and pronotum often deep pinkish orange; if elytra pale then at least base and apex brown; head pale brown, with labrum slightly darker; elytral apex B obliquely truncate (Figs); projections to either side of median emargination of T8 slender and apically pointed; aedeagus dimensions B/A 0.85................................................................................................... bearni Olivier</p><p>6. Deflexed elytral apex shortened (wider than long) (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Fig. 23); tibiae 3 not expanded; basitarsi 3 not swollen; fine ventrally directed flanges on ventral surface of T8 absent; PLP separated from MPP by moderately deep circular emarginations (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Fig. 18); apices of PLP broad, flat, slightly obliquely truncate; posterior margin of T7 not emarginated and posterolateral corners not produced; lateral margins of T8 rounded.............. truncata Ballantyne Deflexed elytral apex not shortened (i.e. about as wide as long); tibiae 3 often expanded at apex and basitarsi 3 may be swollen (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Fig. 26); fine ventrally directed flanges may be present on the ventral surface of T8 (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Fig. 17); PLP separated from MPP by moderately deep circular emarginations or not; apices of PLP sometimes flat, slightly obliquely truncate; posterior margin of T7 usually emarginated and posterolateral corners produced; lateral margins of T8 rounded or straight and converging anteriorly............................................................. 7</p><p>7. Posterior end of elytra dimpled (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Figs 20, 21); wide deep emarginations separating elongate narrow PLP from MPP; apices of PLP narrow and rounded; posterolateral corners of T8 angulate and lateral margins converge anteriorly; posterolateral corners of T7 narrowed and may project and are often visible from beneath in the emarginations between PLP and MPP (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Fig. 19)................................................... gelasina Ballantyne Posterior end of elytra not dimpled; either wide emarginations separating elongate PLP from MPP, or emarginations scarce; apices of PLP often slightly oblique, or PLP broadly rounded and scarcely produced; posterolateral corners of T8 angulate and lateral margins converge anteriorly or corners and lateral margins rounded; posterolateral corners of T7 not usually visible from beneath in the emarginations between PLP and MPP..................................................... 8</p><p>8. Posterolateral corners of V7 rounded or angulate, scarcely produced; MPP of V7 broad and apex almost squarely truncate or slightly rounded in ventral view and perpendicular to horizontal plane; median dorsal surface of MPP may be narrowly prolonged and apically emarginated.......................................................................... 9 PLP of V7 elongate, longer than wide, produced and apically obliquely truncated; MPP of V7 narrower and apex emarginated (emargination visible from beneath); median dorsal surface of MPP not developed (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Figs 24, 25)...................................................................... masatakai Kawashima, malaccae (Gorham) 1</p><p>9. Dorsal surface of MPP of V7 strongly prolonged and apically narrowly emarginated....................................................................... sulawesiensis Kawashima; valida Olivier sensu Ballantyne (2001 Group 2:81) 2 Dorsal surface of MPP either without a median posterior projection or with a slight projection....................... 10</p><p>10. Elytral apices strongly deflexed (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Fig. 32); posterior margin of outer area of elytral apex grooved; LO in V7 well separated in the middle (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Figs 27, 31).... valida Olivier sensu Ballantyne (2001) Groups 1, 3 3 Elytral apices not strongly deflexed (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Fig. 2); posterior margin of outer area of elytral apex not grooved; LO in V7 contiguous in the middle (Ballantyne et al. 2011 Fig. 2) maipo Ballantyne</p><p>Footnotes 1. These species are not further distinguished here; Ballantyne (2001) identified malaccae in four distinct morphological groups from peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Thailand and Indonesia (Borneo); Kawashima (2003) did not align masatakai with any of these groups and malaccae and masatakai are distinguished here by the occurrence of masatakai on the island of Sulawesi. 2. Ballantyne (2001) distinguished a group of specimens of valida from peninsular Malaysia at Selangor, Sarawak and Indonesia (Bali) with a median posterior projection of the dorsal surface of MPP. 3. Ballantyne (2001) distinguished a single specimen from peninsular Malaysia as group 3.</p><p>Remarks. Two species of flashing fireflies in Malaysia both belonging to the genus Pteroptyx Olivier are similar, and their inconsistent identification in various publications, (not least those of the first author), is addressed and resolved here. The species are Pteroptyx tener Olivier, a mass synchronising species that is the basis for the tourist development involving firefly watching on the Selangor River in Western peninsular Malaysia, and Pteroptyx bearni Olivier, a non synchronising species sometimes found in the same habitats as tener . The problems in identification have arisen primarily because Pteroptyx bearni was first redescribed without examination or description of a type, which was not located in the initial investigations (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970). Subsequent publications, including depictions of this species on Malaysian stamps, assumed this characterisation to be definitive and are discussed below.</p><p>Ballantyne located in the Pic collection from the Natural History Museum Paris a single specimen which can be regarded as a surviving syntype of P. bearni and it is described here, and issues covering identifications of this species and P. tener are addressed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E66C52AFF6FB81DFDCFEF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E65C527FF6FBD9CFF09EECF.text	E46FF2165E65C527FF6FBD9CFF09EECF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroptyx bearni Olivier. McDermott 1966	<div><p>Pteroptyx bearni Olivier</p><p>[Figs 191–201, 204, 205]</p><p>Pteroptyx Bearni Olivier in Olivier and Pic, 1909:139; 1910:47.</p><p>Pteroptyx bearni Olivier. McDermott 1966:117 . Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970:241 (Partim). Ballantyne 2001:62 (Partim). Ohba &amp;Wong 2012:.</p><p>Pteroptyx similis Ballantyne. Ballantyne 2001:62 . Mahadimenakbar, Hairul &amp; Mazidi (2007):1. (New synonymy).</p><p>Lectotype. Male. SINGAPORE: Labelled 1. Handwritten: Pteroptyx bearni E. Ol. n. sp. (Olivier vidit) 2. Red printed label: TYPE. 3. Handwritten: type. 4. Symbol. 5. Printed: Coll. Ctesse de bearn Croisvere du “Nirvana” Singapore E. Cordier 7.iv.1908 (MNHN).</p><p>Other specimens examined. MALAYSIA: Kalabakan River, 2.vii.1972, I. Polunin, 10 males, 7 females (ANIC). Pingan Pingan, 20.vi.2009, Vito, male (FRIM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Belonging to a group of four species of Pteroptyx s. str. in which T8 has elongate lobes beside the median posterior emargination; most obviously distinguished from asymmetria and tener by the shape of the terminal abdominal tergites (in asymmetria T7 is not medially emarginated, and T8 is asymmetrical; in tener T7 is shallowly emarginated and slightly sinuous with posterolateral corners narrowed, and T8 is symmetrical); similar to P. decolor which is not well characterised in collections, differing in the dorsal colour pattern ( P. decolor is entirely pale coloured dorsally).</p><p>Lectotype male. 5.5 mm long; Colour (Figs 191, 192, 194, 195): pronotum (Fig. 192) orange yellow (fat body retracted along both anterior and posterior margins); MS and MN pale brownish; elytra semitransparent, light brown with narrowly pale lateral margin not extending around apex; head, antennae and palpi very dark brown; ventral thorax and legs brownish orange except for dark brown tibiae and tarsi 1, dark brown tarsi 2 and dark brown 4 th and 5 th tarsomeres of legs 3; ventral thoracic colour (especially that of metathorax) partly obscured by dark dehydrated thoracic muscles visible beneath cuticle; basal abdominal ventrites whitish-yellow (underlying fat body visible beneath semitransparent cuticle contributes to colour); LO (Fig. 194) in V6, 7 yellowish white with very white margins; remainder of V7 orange; abdominal tergites (Fig. 195) orange, cuticle semitransparent and colour obscured by underlying white fat body; dorsal aspect of apices of PLP narrowly brown (Fig. 195). Pronotum (Fig. 192): 0.9 mm long; 1.5 mm wide; W/L=1.6; median anterior margin rounded scarcely projecting beyond obtusely rounded anterolateral corners; lateral margins slightly convex sided (i.e. B&gt;A, C); median posterior margin rounded, projecting beyond angulate obtuse posterolateral corners, and separated from them by shallow emarginations; depressed area visible in median area of disc probably post-mortem artefact. Elytra: parallel sided; deflexed apex truncate with inner corner rounded (Fig. 193). Head: GHW 1.1 mm; SIW 0.3mm; ASD subequal to ASW; apical labial palpomere slightly longer than wide and ½ as long as apical maxillary palpomere. Antennae incomplete; FS1 elongate slender as long as scape. Legs: MFC sparse, may have up to 5 teeth (teeth appear to be missing).Abdomen (Figs 194, 195): posterior margin of V7 with broad MPP which is apically shallowly emarginated, and bearing tiny hooks on the dorsal surface of the posterolateral corners; MPP projecting posteriorly just beyond narrowed apices of PLP; LOs in V7 separated in middle by their width and occupying less than half the area of V7; posterior margin of T7 deeply and widely emarginated with posterolateral corners narrowing and apically acute; lateral margins of visible portion of T8 rounded, median posterior margin emarginated, emargination bounded laterally by narrowed apically pointed projections. Aedeagal complex not dissected from this unique specimen. Based on Ballantyne and McLean (1970), Ballantyne (2001), the aedeagal index (B/A) for bearni is 0.85 and 0.6 for P. tener .</p><p>Female (Figs 200, 201, 204, 205): (Kalabakan River specimens). 4.8–6.3 mm long. Colour: as for male except for pale LO in V6 only, and pale yellow slightly transparent V7, 8; no pink colouration in pronotum or fat body discerned. Bursa: anterior plates appearing indented along margins, probably postmortem effect (Figs 200, 201).</p><p>Discussion. Ballantyne (2001) distinguished P. similis from both P. decolor and P. tener, but not from P. bearni which had not been adequately characterised in Ballantyne and McLean (1970). Tergite 8 was not dissected and Ballantyne and McLean’s Figure 6d shows T7 outline consistent with that of bearni as described here, but T8 is depicted without lobes to either side of the median emargination. Ballantyne (2001; Fig. 18) depicted a male from Paya Paloh apparently lacking these lobes on T8 and its identity has not been confirmed.</p><p>Ohba and Wong (2012) indicated incorrectly that the morphological features of this and P. tener were very similar except for the orange colour in the pronotum.</p><p>In the field the distinctive pinkish –orange pronotum and darker elytra enable quick and usually accurate identification of P. bearni (Wong pers com.), especially if light patterns are observed (e.g. Fig. 197). Ballantyne (in prep.) observed difficulties interpreting pronotal colour in ethanol preserved specimens, where the pink colour may have leached out. Its occurrence may be variable, since pinned specimens from the same locality also vary in pronotal colour. The pink colour in the fat body is usually found elsewhere apart from the pronotum, and can be seen especially in the dorsal abdomen, where the cuticle is paler and semitransparent (e.g. Fig. 197). Specimens of P asymmetria from Perak and Selangor (FRIM) also have pinkish colour in the pronotum (Ballantyne obs.).</p><p>In one Kalabakan River specimen the posterior margin of V7 is arched dorsally such that MPP not visible and projections of T8 are visible from beneath (Figs 198, 199).</p><p>P. bearni is non-synchronous, and is usually found downstream from the synchronously flashing P. tener in the more saline waters, but occasionally, probably due to tidal inflows, their habitats may overlap (Ohba and Wong 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E65C527FF6FBD9CFF09EECF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E68C526FF6FBCE4FC06ED9C.text	E46FF2165E68C526FF6FBCE4FC06ED9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroptyx tener Olivier	<div><p>Pteroptyx tener Olivier</p><p>[Figs 202, 203, 206, 207, 209–220]</p><p>Pteroptyx tener Olivier, 1907:181; 1910:48. Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:254. Case, 1984:212; Lloyd, 1984:59. McDermott, 1966:117. Ballantyne, 1987a:120. Ballantyne &amp; Menayah, 2000:323. Ohba &amp; Wong, 2004:1; 2012:in press. Zaidi et al., 2005:282. Dawood et al. 2007:1. Wan Jusoh et al., 2010:56.</p><p>Holotype. Male. INDONESIA. Labelled 1. Pink handwritten Pteroptyx tener Ern Oliv.; 2. Printed N. O. Sumatra Tebing-Tinggi Dr Schultheiss (MNHN).</p><p>Other specimens examined. MALAYSIA: Selangor, Kampung Kuantan, bred from eggs March–June 2000 by Rasainthiran Menayah, 10 females (ANIC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Belonging to a group of four species of Pteroptyx s. str. in which T8 has elongate lobes beside the median posterior emargination (Figs 208–220); distinguished from asymmetria by the symmetrical T8 (that of asymmetria is asymmetrical), from bearni and decolor by the deep emargination of T7 (Figs 212–215; that of tener is slightly emarginate and the posterior margin of T7 sinuate; superficially similar to P. decolor which is not well characterised in collections, differing in the dorsal colour pattern ( P. decolor is entirely pale coloured dorsally).</p><p>Female (Figs 206, 207). As described and figured in Ballantyne and Menayah (2000; Fig. 1e). Bursa: (Figs 202, 203) median oviduct plate small oval.</p><p>Remarks. Ballantyne and McLean (1970 Plate 1 c, d) figured the specimen depicted here but apparently did not recognise it as a type. The species characterisations given in Ballantyne and McLean (1970), Ballantyne and Menayah (2000), Ballantyne (2001), and Ballantyne et al. (2011), as well as Figures 208–220 here, amply describe this species.</p><p>Ohba and Wong’s (2004) characterisation of this species is confusing. They describe the antenna with “13 thin flagellums” (the antennae are composed of scape, pedicel and 9 flagellar segments); the male light organs as occurring on the 4 th 5 th and 6 th abdominal segments (they occur on V6 and 7 only); the female legs as the same as the males (only the male has the MFC). There is a suggestion of a possible copulation clamp e.g. (page 17) “male inserted its apex of elytra that is bent inside (LB = deflexed portion) under the female elytra and lifted the abdominal segment of the female with the hook of the elytra” (LB—the deflexed elytral apices press down on the top of the female abdomen; it is the MPP of V7 that presses upwards); (page 18) “The hook of the elytra of the male has the function to clamp securely onto the female abdominal segments when copulating with the female” (LB—the deflexed elytra apex is only part of the copulation clamp). Ohba and Wong (2012) incorrectly indicated that the morphology of this species and that of P. bearni was very similar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E68C526FF6FBCE4FC06ED9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E69C521FF6FBE5FFA4AEE04.text	E46FF2165E69C521FF6FBE5FFA4AEE04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygoluciola Wittmer	<div><p>Pygoluciola Wittmer</p><p>Pygoluciola Wittmer, 1939:21 . Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin, 2006:22; 2009: 21. Ballantyne 2008: 1. Fu et Ballantyne, 2008:1. Luciola (Pygoluciola) (Wittmer) . McDermott, 1966:115; Ballantyne, 1968:119; Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:233; Ballantyne</p><p>&amp; Lambkin, 2000: 82, 2001:363.</p><p>Type species.– Pygoluciola stylifer Wittmer, 1939, by monotypy (RMNH) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Fu and Ballantyne (2008) gave a revised generic description which included species where the terminal abdominal segments were not prolonged, and characterised the two differing male forms included in the genus here. In one, consistent with Pygoluciola sensu Wittmer (1939) the median posterior margin of both V7 and T8 narrow and strongly incline either dorsally (V7) or ventrally (T8), often overlapping each other in dried specimens. In the second (* in list below) V7 has no posterior projection, while T8 may narrow very slightly and can be narrowly downturned. Both forms have a distinctive genital complex: aedeagus with LL considerably longer than ML and membranous in apical half; basal portion well sclerotised; aedeagal sheath with narrow elongate anterior portion of sheath sternite and expanded posterior area; lateral arms of tergite clearly visible at sides. Female: macropterous and assumed capable of flight. Larva not associated.</p><p>This analysis includes an as yet undescribed species of Pygoluciola (Fig.4 Node 50 blue number 21) which lacks the pronounced terminal abdomen modifications of Pygoluciola sensu Wittmer.</p><p>List of species of Pygoluciola Wittmer</p><p>* = Species without prolongations of terminal abdominal segments in the male</p><p>- cowleyi (Blackburn) comb. n. *</p><p>- guigliae (Ballantyne)</p><p>- hamulata (Olivier)</p><p>- kinabalua (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin)</p><p>- qingyu Fu et Ballantyne *</p><p>- satoi Ballantyne</p><p>- stylifer Wittmer</p><p>- wittmeri (Ballantyne)</p><p>Key to species of Pygoluciola using males</p><p>Modified and expanded from Ballantyne (2008)</p><p>1. Median posterior margin of V7 rounded, not narrowly prolonged; median posterior margin of T8 not prolonged.......... 2 Median posterior margin of V7 narrowly prolonged and curving dorsally; median posterior margin of T8 prolonged narrowly and curving ventrally (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2006 Figs 18–27)................................................ 3</p><p>2. SE Asian species; black elytra and pinkish pronotum with median dark markings (Fu &amp; Ballantyne 2008 Fig. 13)............................................................................................ qingyu Fu et Ballantyne Known only from N. Australia; elytra light brownish with paler margins; pronotum yellowish with extensive median dark markings; eyes with a strong posterolateral excavation visible when resting head withdrawn (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2009 Fig. 493)....................................................................... cowleyi (Blackburn) comb. nov.</p><p>3. All tibiae curved; lateral margins of elytra tapering posteriorly (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin, 2006, Fig. 6).................. 4</p><p>– No tibiae curved; lateral margins of elytra usually sub-parallel-sided............................................. 5</p><p>4. Apex of median posterior projection of T8 no wider than rest and rounded, not emarginate; lateral margins of pronotum slightly sinuate (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin, 2006 Figs 1, 19, 21)................................... guigliae Ballantyne</p><p>– Apex of median posterior projection of T8 wider than rest and medianly emarginate; lateral margins of pronotum not slightly sinuate (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin, 2006 Figs 4, 25)................................................ stylifer Wittmer</p><p>5 Median posterior projection of abdominal V7 bifurcate at apex (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin, 2006 Figs 18, 26).............. 6</p><p>– Median posterior projection of abdominal V7 not bifurcate at apex..............................................7</p><p>6 Apex of median posterior projection of abdominal V7 deeply emarginate, laterally ensheathing the downturned apex of T8 and projecting laterally beside it (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin, 2006 Figs 18, 26 ........................... wittmeri (Ballantyne)</p><p>– Apex of median posterior projection of abdominal V7 shallowly emarginate, not laterally ensheathing the downturned apex of T8 and not projecting beside it (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin, 2001 Figs 5, 10)............. kinabalua (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin)</p><p>7 MPP of V7 elongate slender, ventral surface shallowly depressed along its length, and bearing on its median dorsal surface two slender teeth; posterior apex of MPP not differentiated; lateral margins of T8 downturned (Ballantyne 2008 Figs 3–9).............................................................................................. satoi Ballantyne</p><p>– MPP of V7 shorter, about as wide as long, ventral surface not shallowly depressed along its length, and not bearing dorsal teeth; posterior apex (face) of MPP differentiated and shallowly depressed; lateral margins of T8 not downturned................................................................................................ hamulata (Olivier)</p><p>Key to species of Pygoluciola using females</p><p>Modified from Ballantyne (2008)</p><p>1 All tibiae curved..................................................................... guigliae (Ballantyne)</p><p>– No tibiae curved...................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Posterior margin of V7 deeply emarginate; bearing a small ridge anterior to... median area of deepest emargination; V8 with anteromedian prolongation not any more sclerotised than remainder of V8; T7 with anteromedian area rounded and elevated, lateral areas not flattened (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2001 Figs 1–19)................... kinabalua (Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin)</p><p>– Posterior margin of V7 without an anteromedian ridge; V8 with anteromedian prolongation well sclerotised and visibly separated from remainder of V7; T7 without a rounded and elevated anteromedian area, with lateral areas flattened........... 3</p><p>3 Posterolateral areas of V7 irregularly expanded (Ballantyne 2008 Fig. 7).............................. satoi Ballantyne</p><p>– Posterolateral areas of V7 not expanded.................................................... wittmeri (Ballantyne)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E69C521FF6FBE5FFA4AEE04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E6EC521FF6FBCACFDBAEAEC.text	E46FF2165E6EC521FF6FBCACFDBAEAEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygoluciola cowleyi (Blackburn. McDermott 1966) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Pygoluciola cowleyi (Blackburn) comb. nov.</p><p>Luciola Cowleyi Blackburn, 1897:34 . Olivier, 1902:76; 1907:51. Lea, 1909:108; 1921a:197.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) cowleyi Blackburn. McDermott, 1966:102 . Ballantyne, 1968:125. Ballantyne in Calder 1998:178. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin 2000:58; 2009:22.</p><p>Luciola cowleyi Blackburn. Fu et al. 2012a:6 .</p><p>Luciola quadricostata Pic, 1938:3 . Ballantyne, 1968:125 (Synonymy).</p><p>Holotype. Male. Luciola Cowleyi Blackburn Australia, North Queensland: (NHML).</p><p>Holotype. Male. Luciola quadricostata Pic North Australia (Natural History Museum, Basel).</p><p>Other specimens examined. AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 12.27S, 130.50E, Darwin, male W. K. Hunt (UQIC), 11 males (SAMA), male (QMBA), 2 males (MUMA), 2 males, G. F. Hill (UQIC), 4 males G. F. Hill (ANIC), 6 males, G. F. Hill (SAMA); 14 males, 5 larvae, 11–12.ii.1945, B. Malkin (USNM); male, iii.1943, N. R Laird (ANIC) . 12.33S, 131.02E, Virginia near Darwin, S M Gregg 24 males (Jan–March 1998; one male taken in Feb at light); 12 males (Feb and Dec 1999; 8 males taken in Feb at light; male taken in Dec at light); 2 males (March 2000, at light); 4 males (Feb and Dec 2001; one Dec male and 3 Feb. males taken at light) (MAGNT) . 13.45S, 138.41E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.41&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.41/lat -13.45)">Daly River</a> Mission, 2 males, 14.i.1974, at light, J. F. Hutchinson (ANIC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males small (5–5.5 mm long), pale brown, head deeply excavated between eyes; eyes very large, almost contiguous ventrally and bearing posterolateral excavations; inner two interstitial lines closest to sutural ridge well defined, outermost line nearest lateral margin moderately defined, second line in from lateral margin poorly defined; apical labial palpomere small, ovoid, entire; antennal length slightly less than GHW; labrum small, about as wide as long. Ventral surface of T8 without flanges and ridges. Aedeagus with a very short median lobe and broad hair bearing LL. Ballantyne (1968) redescribed and figured males and Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin (2000) gave a short diagnosis.</p><p>Female. Not associated.</p><p>Larva. Larvae are associated by label data only. 8 mm long; dorsal surface very shiny, brown; without laterally explanate tergal margins; dorsal surface covered with short brown spines (all terga but the last bear 4 short rounded projections across their posterior margin).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E6EC521FF6FBCACFDBAEAEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E6CC523FF6FBF84FE99EB8A.text	E46FF2165E6CC523FF6FBF84FE99EB8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrophanes Olivier	<div><p>Pyrophanes Olivier</p><p>[Figs 221–227]</p><p>Pyrophanes Olivier, 1885:368; in Baer, 1886:132; 1902:72; 1907:56; 1911b:102. McDermott, 1964:46; 1966:116. Ballantyne, 1968:106, 107; 1987b:173–176. Ballantyne in Calder, 1998:180. Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin, 2000:70: 2009: Figs 94, 95, 106, 107, 503, 509.</p><p>Type Species: Pyrophanes similis Olivier, designated by McDermott, 1966:116.</p><p>Diagnosis. Pyrophanes belongs to a group of 7 Luciolinae genera with males characterized by: an elongate slender aedeagus with LL concealed behind the ML when viewed from beneath, pronotal width less than width across the elytral humeri, parallel-sided elytra, aedeagal sheath elongate slender, widest across the middle, with posterior half of sternite not emarginate on either side, and tapering evenly towards a narrow entire apex. It is distinguished from all other genera by a combination of MFC and paraprocts on the aedeagal sheath; without deflexed elytral apices; femora 3 are swollen and curved in four of the five species; the posterior margin of V7 is trilobed with incurving lobes and small pointed projections between the PLP and MPP; the underside of T8 has depressions at the sides housing very short spines and hairs. Females are macropterous and the bursa in certain species has wide paired plates. Larvae lack laterally explanate margins in Pyrophanes similis (Blair, 1927; Bertrand, 1972). This larva is not however reliably associated and an accurate identification of larval type for this genus is not available. This genus needs more extensive revision than is currently possible here.</p><p>List of species</p><p>- appendiculata Olivier</p><p>- beccarii Olivier</p><p>- quadrimaculata Olivier</p><p>- similis Olivier</p><p>- semilimbata (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>Key to species of Pyrophanes Olivier using males</p><p>1. Hind femora not swollen or curved (Figs 223, 224)................................ semilimbata (Olivier) comb. nov. Hind femora swollen and curved......................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Elytra medium to dark brown, often with lateral and sutural margins semitransparent and pale (Figs 223, 224)............ 3 Elytra dingy or pale, clear yellow, always with apex dark brown to black; base of elytra may be brown (Fig. 225)......... 4</p><p>3 Elytra medium to dark brown, lateral margin, and often also sutural margin, yellow................ appendiculata Olivier Elytra medium to dark brown, without any paler margins.......................................... beccarii Olivier</p><p>4 Elytra yellow with apical and basal dark markings......................................... quadrimaculata Olivier Elytra yellow with only apices dark brown...................................................... similis Olivier</p><p>Remarks. Olivier (1885) considered Luciola indica Motsch. approached Pyrophanes, and (1902) formally incorporated it. This species does not belong in Pyrophanes and is being addressed (Boontop, Lambkin and Ballantyne in prep.). Certain diagrams of the terminal abdomen of Pyrophanes are inaccurate e.g. Olivier (1885, Plate V, Fig.12) and Olivier (1907 Plate 3 Fig. 10) are inaccurate representations of the terminal ventrite; McDermott’s (1964) brief redescription of Pyrophanes was probably influenced by the atypical abdomen of P. macdermotti McLean which he is known to have examined at this time and he misinterpreted various aspects. Ballantyne in Calder (1998) synonymised Luciola complicata Lea from far north Queensland with Pyrophanes beccarii Olivier.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E6CC523FF6FBF84FE99EB8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E6CC53EFF6FB826FA4AEB4E.text	E46FF2165E6CC53EFF6FB826FA4AEB4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrophanes semilimbata (Olivier) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Pyrophanes semilimbata (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 223, 224,227]</p><p>Luciola semilimbata Olivier, 1883:76; 1913b: 417. Gorham, 1903: 326. Thancharoen et al. 2007:61.</p><p>Luciola venusta Olivier, 1883:76; 1902: 85 (synonymy). Thancharoen et al. 2007:61.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) semilimbata Olivier. McDermott, 1966: 113 .</p><p>Types. Luciola semilimbata Olivier. Female. 'Indes Orientales' labelled 1. Female symbol; 2. Handwritten Luciola semilimbata Chr. Ind or; 3. Typed label Coll Chevrolet; 4. Handwritten Luciola semilimbata with Ern Oliv typed in corner; 5. Typed label Specimen typicum originale auctoris Ern Olivier (MNHN). Fig. 227.</p><p>Luciola venusta Olivier. Male. Java ouest labelled 1. Typed label Specimen typicum originale auctoris Ern Olivier; 2. Handwritten Luciola venusta with Ern Oliv typed in corner (MNHN). Figs 223, 224.</p><p>Diagnosis. The only known Pyrophanes species with hind femora not swollen and hind tibiae not curved; very similar in dorsal colouration to Pyro. appendiculata colouration differing in having only the lateral elytral margins pale ( appendiculata has both lateral and sutural margins pale, often widely so).</p><p>Remarks. Olivier (1883) described L. semilimbata from a female with elytral punctation in lines. Immediately below he described a male, from 'Java ouest' as L. venusta, with the last 3 abdominal ventrites white, and V7 trilobed. Olivier subsequently (1902) synonymised the two species. Both sexes conformed in the narrowly pale colour of the sutural ridge and lateral elytral margins. Olivier did not describe the elytral punctures in lines in the male. Gorham (1903) was unsure of the identification of specimens he described as venusta . Olivier (1913b) probably incorrectly recorded semilimbata (but not the sex of his specimens) from New Guinea, at Erima and Stephansort. Thancharoen et al. (2007 Fig. 5) distinguished 11 species, including semilimbata, where the original description indicated elytral punctures in lines.</p><p>Neither male nor female in MNHN has elytral punctation in lines. Males are very similar in dorsal colouration to Pyrophanes appendiculata and it is possible that Olivier misidentified some of his New Guinean material.</p><p>Trisinuata gen. nov.</p><p>[Figs 228–265]</p><p>Type species: Trisinuata caudabifurca sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Trisinuata gen. nov. is a New Guinean genus that belongs in a group of 7 genera characterized by: an elongate slender aedeagus with LL concealed behind the ML when viewed from beneath, pronotal width less than width across the elytral humeri, parallel-sided elytra, aedeagal sheath elongate slender, widest across the middle, with posterior half of sternite tapering evenly towards a narrow entire apex; bulbous paraprocts absent. Males have bipartite LOs in V7, expanded horizontal PLP, trisinuate posterior margin of V7, and several species have deflexed elytral apices. Males are distinguished from Colophotia in lacking a median carina on V7, and oblique PLP; from Pteroptyx in lacking bulbous paraprocts and an MFC; from Pyrophanes and Poluninius gen. nov. in lacking incurving lobes along the posterior margin of V7; from Australoluciola gen. nov. which has entire LOs in V7 by the bipartite LOs; from Medeopteryx gen. nov. in having bipartite LOs in V7 with expanded PLP. It differs from Luciola indica in lacking the bulbous median lobe and paraprocts on the aedeagal sheath. Three species are dorsally brown; the remaining species have orange yellow pronota with dark brown elytra. Females associated by label data are macropterous. Larvae are not associated.</p><p>Male. Pronotum: dorsal surface without irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense; anterior margin not explanate; subparallel-sided, with margins straight (A=B=C), except in papuana and similispapuae where C&gt;A and B, with lateral margins diverging posteriorly along their length in papuana, and dimidiata where B&gt;A, C (Figs 239, 242, 251); width &lt;humeral width; anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins without indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; without indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners angulate, inclined either at 90° or obliquely to the median line in papuae; posterolateral corners either not projecting, or projecting as far as median posterior margin and separated from it by scarce emarginations.</p><p>Hypomera: closed; median area of hypomeron not elevated in vertical direction; median area more widely flattened than elsewhere; pronotal width/ GHW 1.2.</p><p>Elytron: punctation dense, not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices deflexed in four species, weakly so in minor; non deflexed apices rounded; epipleuron and sutural ridge extend beyond mid-point, almost to apex but not as ridge around apex, neither thickened in apical half; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent; in horizontal specimen viewed from below epipleuron at elytral base wide, covering humerus; viewed from above the anterior margin of the epipleuron arises level with or anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as a lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided.</p><p>Head: moderately depressed between eyes; well exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close to moderately separated; frons-vertex junction rounded, without median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous, ASD &lt;or subequal to ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when head viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles or sometimes beyond. Mouthparts functional; apical labial palpomere strongly flattened, shaped like narrow triangle (narrowest at base and L 2–3 X W) and at least half as long as apical maxillary palpomere except in Tri. dimidiata sp. nov. where it is a short broad triangle (W/L=5/9), and 0.4 as long as apical maxillary palpomere, with inner edge entire. Antennae 11 segmented; length&gt;GHW to twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS1 not shorter than pedicel.</p><p>Legs: inner tarsal claw not split; without MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 228–234, 240, 241, 243–250, 253, 254, 259–262): without cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment except in some Tri. caudabifurca sp. nov. where V3 is recurved; LO in V7 bipartite, inner margins not contiguous, reaching into PLP; posterior half of V7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions visible between LO halves; LO present in V6, occupying almost all V6. MPP present, symmetrical, apex rounded or squarely truncate, either entire or shallowly emarginate, not laterally compressed, as long as or longer than width (L=W or L&gt;W), not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T8 apex, without dorsal ridge, median longitudinal trough; shorter than or subequal in length to PLP, MPP narrower than PLP except in Tri. dimidiata sp. nov. where they are subequal in width (Fig. 245); emarginations between PLP and MPP obliquely truncate (deeper at inner corners nearest MPP) in Tri. dimidiata sp. nov. (Fig. 245); V7 without median carina, median longitudinal trough, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘dimple’, or reflexed lobes; posterior margin of V7 trisinuate with PLP moderately to considerably produced, as wide as or wider than MPP, longer than wide except in Tri. papuana where L=W (Figs 253, 254). T7 without prolonged anterolateral corners. T8: sclerotised, symmetrical, W=L, visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, median posterior margin shallowly and narrowly emarginate; widest across middle with lateral margins tapering evenly in both an anterior and posterior direction; without prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V7. T8 ventral surface with well developed median longitudinal trough (except in Tri. similispapuae where it is quite short), margined by well defined symmetrical ridges; anterior end of ridges with flanges which are short to long, narrow to wide, and apically rounded or acute (Figs 232, 250, 255); flanges symmetrical except in Tri. apicula sp. nov., papuae and similispapuae (Fig. 261); without lateral depressed troughs, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T8 as long as visible posterior portion of T8, not laterally emarginated before their origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, expanded only in horizontal plane; without bifurcation of inner margin and ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T8 not enfolding sides of V7.</p><p>Aedeagal sheath (Figs 238, 257): approx. 3–3.5 times as long as wide; without bulbous paraprocts; symmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite tapers evenly to a narrow rounded apex; anterior half of sternite relatively narrow, apically rounded; tergite without lateral arms extending anteriorly at sides of sheath sternite; tergite without projecting pieces along posterior margin of T9, anterior margin without transverse band.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 237, 258, 259, 264): L/W 5/1; LL lack lateral appendages; LL apices not visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL/ML narrow; LL of equal length, slightly shorter than ML, contiguous along inner dorsal margins; separated longitudinally by most of their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is narrower than that of ML; LL apices not expanded in horizontal plane; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated, may be slightly produced or not; LL without lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins, not produced preapically nor narrowly on inner apical margin, apices of LL not inturned, nor out-turned; without projection on left LL; inner margins without slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, without paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, apex not shaped like arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; BP not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin.</p><p>Female. Macropterous; associated by label data only for two species. Pronotum without irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense; pronotal width less than humeral width; without indentation of lateral margin, irregularities at posterolateral corner; outline similar to that of male. Elytral punctation not as large as that of pronotum, nor evenly spaced; no interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. No legs or parts thereof swollen and /or curved. LO in V6 only, without any elevations or depressions or ridges on V7; median posterior margin of V7 widely emarginate, median area not broadly rounded; median posterior margin of V8 entire. Bursa plates consisting of 2 wide pairs in Tri. papuana and Tri. similispapuae (Fig. 265).</p><p>Larva. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. Trisinuata (feminine) is a noun latinised from the English trisinuate, describing the shape of the posterior margin of V7 where the expanded and lengthened PLP enhance the appearance of the trilobed posterior margin.</p><p>List of species of Trisinuata gen. nov.</p><p>- T. apicula sp. nov.</p><p>- T. caudabifurca sp. nov.</p><p>- T. dimidiata sp. nov.</p><p>- T. microthorax (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>- T. minor (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>- T. papuae (McDermott) comb. nov.</p><p>- T. papuana (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>- T. similispapuae (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>Key to species of Trisinuata gen. nov. using males</p><p>1. Elytral apices deflexed.................................................................................. 2 Elytral apices not deflexed.............................................................................. 6</p><p>2. Deflexed elytral apex scarcely wider than epipleuron (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 Fig. 16m)..................................................................................................... minor (Ballantyne) comb. nov. Deflexed elytral apices well defined....................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Pronotum orange, lateral margin may be finely dark marked.................................................... 4 Pronotum brown...................................................................................... 5</p><p>4. Pronotum orange, without dark marginal markings; PLP apically emarginate (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 Fig. 5 a–d)................................................................................ microthorax (Olivier) comb. nov. Pronotum orange with fine dark margins; PLP not apically emarginate................................ apicula sp. nov.</p><p>5. MPP of V7 elongate, slender, subequal in length and width to PLP or longer than PLP (Figs 259, 260); aedeagus 2.5 times as long as broad; LL of aedeagus closely approximate dorsally; flanges of T8 asymmetrical (Fig. 261; Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 Fig. 17).......................................................... similispapuae (Ballantyne) comb. nov. MPP of V7 narrower and shorter than PLP; aedeagus 4.5 times as long as broad; LL of aedeagus approximate only at their apices (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970 Fig. 10); flanges symmetrical....................... papuae (McDermott) comb. nov.</p><p>6. Dorsal surface of body brown to dark brown (Figs 251, 252)............................ papuana (Olivier) comb. nov. Pronotum yellow, elytra dark brown....................................................................... 7</p><p>7. PLP no longer than MPP; (Figs 243, 245).................................................... dimidiata sp. nov. PLP longer than MPP, considerably produced, longer than wide, and may incline ventrally (Figs 228–231, 240, 241).......................................................................................... caudabifurca sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E6CC53EFF6FB826FA4AEB4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E71C539FF6FB965FB89EFEF.text	E46FF2165E71C539FF6FB965FB89EFEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisinuata apicula Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Trisinuata apicula sp. nov.</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.4/lat -7.22)">North East</a>: 146.40E, 7.22S, Wau, Bulolo River, 850–900m, 24.viii.1965, J. and M. S. (BPBM).</p><p>Paratype s (3). Same locality as holotype, male 4.ii.1966, JS (BPBM) . Morobe District, 4 miles n Wau elev. C 2800 feet, near Kunai creek Lae road, 15.xi.1969, J. E. Lloyd, male (G263) (ANIC) . Morobe District, Mt Missim, 880–1050m, 8–9.ii.1963, J S. male (BPBM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Superficially similar to both Tri. papuae and Tri similispapuae, distinguished by the yellow pronotum, which may be dark margined laterally; elytra dark brown; elytral apex truncate, PLP narrow and T8 with asymmetrical flanges.</p><p>Male. 5–5.5 mm long. Colour: pronotum bright shiny pale orange yellow with a very fine dark border (without dark margin in Kunai Creek male); remainder of body dark brown except for narrow pale posteromedian area on V5, largely pale LO in V6, 7 (darker markings of these segments indicated as stippling in Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 13q), apical 3 tergites and reflexed margins of V6, 7 pale brown. Pronotum: 0.8–0.9 mm long; 1.4–1.5 mm wide; punctures broad, shallow, some contiguous, some separated by their width in median area of disc. Head: moderately depressed between eyes; GHW 0.9–1.3 mm; ASD = ASW. Elytron: apices truncate, outer margin (B) slightly curved, inner margin (C) sinuous (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 13o). LO in V7 extending into PLP (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 13q) or not (G236); MPP shallowly emarginated, posterolateral corners very short and acute. Flanges of T8 asymmetrical (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 13r).</p><p>Etymology. The name apicula (Latin, apicula, ae = bee) is a play on words, referring to the designation of these specimens as Species B (Ballantyne &amp; McLean 1970; Ballantyne 1987a).</p><p>Remarks. Ballantyne and McLean (1970) briefly described and illustrated a single male with unusual deflexed elytral apices as "Species B". Ballantyne (1987a:162) described an additional Wau male. Two additional males are associated and the treatment formalised here. The apical labial palpomere is not dentate on its inner margin, and the apparent dentition observed by Ballantyne (1987a) is attributed to a clumping of hairs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E71C539FF6FB965FB89EFEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E76C538FF6FBDC4FF6CEE53.text	E46FF2165E76C538FF6FBDC4FF6CEE53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisinuata caudabifurca Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Trisinuata caudabifurca sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 228–241]</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 7.20S, 146.45E, Morobe Pr., 4.5 mi w Wau, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.45/lat -7.2)">Edie Cr. Rd.</a>, at Namie Cr. elev. ca 500', November 17, 1969, J.E. Lloyd, (G615.) (ANIC).</p><p>Paratype s* (5). NEW GUINEA: 144.37E, 5.47S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.47" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.37/lat -5.47)">Western Highlands Pr.</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.47" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.37/lat -5.47)">Banz</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.47" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.37/lat -5.47)">Fatima</a> school, xi.7.1969, J. Buck, male (Tube B /9, labelled ‘flickerer’); 8.15pm., xi.6.1969, J. Buck, male (Tube B /4). Simbu Pr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.47" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.37/lat -5.47)">Chimbu Dist.</a>: Kundiu (sic), Catherine Mission, Oct. 25, 1969, J. E. Lloyd, male (JELC); Kondiu Farm site 1, sweep of fly outs Nov. 30, 1969, E. Ball. male; Kondiu 16.x.1969, J. Buck (Tube II /2), male (ANIC) .</p><p>*All specimens collected by Buck and Ball have label data quoted exactly as it appears in the tubes, to allow association with field records. The following paratypes have no associated flashing data.</p><p>NEW GUINEA: 6.13S, 143.39E, Papua, S. Highlands, Mendi, 1660 m, 13.x.1958, light trap, JLG, male (BPBM) . Arabuka, 1500–2000 m, 7.i.1968, JS, male (BPBM) . Kundiu, 9 Nov., 1969, J.E. Lloyd, male (G544) (ANIC) . 7.15S, 146.48E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.48&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.48/lat -7.15)">Mt Missim</a>, 1600 m, 27.v.1966, malaise trap, JLG, male (BPBM) . 7.20S, 146.45E, Wau, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.45/lat -7.2)">Morobe District</a>: 1100–1200 m, vi. 1968, NK, male (BPBM) ; 1150–1600 m, 9.ii.1968, JS, male (BPBM); 1200 m, 30.xii.1964, M. V. light trap, JS, male; 5–6.xii.1961, 2 males; 14.vii.1961 light trap, male; 1250 m 12.iii.1969, male; 12.iv.1965 malaise trap, male; 1200–1300 m, 14.iii.1963, male; 16.vi.1965 male; 1450 m, 6.ii.1963 male (BPBM); same data as Holotype, 2 females (G623, 624) (JELC) . Wau, Morobe Distr., Namoi Creek: 1670 m 26.viii.1963, malaise trap, JS, male; 1700–1800 m, xii. 1965, JS, male; 1750 m 17.viii.1965, malaise trap, JS, male (BPBM) . Wau, Bulolo River, 850–900 m, 24.viii.1965, JS, male (BPBM) . Western Highlands, Goiburung, East of Korn farm, 1560 m, x.15.1958, light trap, JLG, male (BPBM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males with orange pronotum and dark brown elytra, distinguished by the greatly developed PLP of V7.</p><p>Code names. Luciola “super fork tail”, “Swallow tail”; Luciola 14, Lloyd (1973a).</p><p>Male. 5.7–7.0 mm long. Colour (Fig. 239): pronotum bright yellow, semitransparent; (paler area of irregular retraction of fat body across anterior and posterior margins and median area where fat body not retracted may appear darker); MS, MN, elytra, head between eyes, antennae, and palpi, very dark brown; ventral surface of pronotum yellow, except for brown prosternum and precoxal bridges; entire ventral surface of meso and metathorax, and all of legs very dark brown; basal abdominal ventrites dark brown; posterior margin of V5 narrowly white; V6 white; LO halves in V7 creamy white, remainder of V7 yellowish, with white areas where underlying muscle is visible externally (Fig. 240), and a brown area anterior to the median posterior projection of V7 (Fig. 240); median posterior projection of V 7 in Tubes B/4, B/9 is brown; T1–5 light brown; T6–8 semitransparent laterally and pale brown medially (Fig. 241); or T8 light brown (Kondiu, farm site 1). Pronotum (Fig. 236, 239): 1.5–1.7 mm wide; 0.8–1.0 mm long; W/L = 1.5–2.0; punctures shallow, separated by their width; midanterior margin broadly rounded, moderately projecting beyond acute anterolateral corners; median posterior margin indented; most of disc gently and smoothly convex, otherwise excavated as figured. Elytra: punctures dense, some contiguous; apex of left elytron on holotype slightly down-turned, probably damaged. Head: slightly depressed between eyes; GHW 0.9–1.3mm; SIW 0.3mm; ASD = ASW. Abdomen (Figs 228–232, 240, 241): LO extending into PLP which are bluntly rounded at apices and may incline gently ventrally (Fig. 231); muscle blocks may be visible in dorsal surfaces of PLP (Fig. 229); MPP narrowed at apex which may be entire or finely emarginated, and incline dorsally (Figs 228, 230, 231, 233, 234, 240). T8: flanges short rounded (Fig. 232). Aedeagus (Fig. 237): elongate slender (L = 5XW) with apex of ML flattened (viewed from side).</p><p>Female. Macropterous, coloured as for male except for LO restricted to V6; associated by label data only.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name emphasises the development of V7 (cauda = tail; bifurca = 2 forked).</p><p>Remarks. Lloyd’s nickname “Swallowtail” (pers comm.) describes the posterolateral processes of V7. Their ventral inclination and the dorsally inclined median posterior projection of V7 might indicate a wedge or clasper for the female abdomen, or more likely a consequence of dehydration. Ballantyne (1987a Fig. 2a, b) described the terminal abdomen of ‘ Luciola species 14’ and discussed terminal abdomen modifications in the Luciolinae and their possible significance.</p><p>Lloyd (1973a) noted males of this species “active in the crown of a 50 ft tree standing in the ravine ...”; males emitted rapid flickers of variable duration.</p><p>Lloyd’s field records for G615 are “looks like long flicker from Mengendi, but (he) also saw short (flickers) in this area i.e. ¾ (second) flicker each 1.5 seconds”, and for G413 “long flicker”. The two females are associated by label data only. Their field data reads “glowing on road edge near tree with long flicker sp. (i.e. caudabifurca) in it”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E76C538FF6FBDC4FF6CEE53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E77C538FF6FBC9FFC1DEA68.text	E46FF2165E77C538FF6FBC9FFC1DEA68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisinuata dimidiata Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Trisinuata dimidiata sp. nov.</p><p>[Figs 242–250]</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: Western Highlands Pr., Chimbu District, Kondiu, Catherine Mission, October 25, 1969, J.E. Lloyd, (G414) (ANIC).</p><p>Paratype (1). NEW GUINEA: Western Highlands Pr., Chimbu District, Kondiu recorded male November 9 1969, J.E.Lloyd (G541) (ANIC) .</p><p>Code name. Luciola 13 (Lloyd 1973a)</p><p>Male. 7.5–7.8 mm long. Colour (Fig. 242): pronotum shiny yellow, semitransparent; MN pale brown with median brown area; MS and elytra uniformly dark brown; ventral surface of pronotum yellow; remainder of ventral surface of body, including posterior margin of V7, dark brown, except for narrow white posterior margin of V5, white LO in V6, and white LO halves in V7 (Fig. 243); basal abdominal tergites dark brown; T6, 7 and 8 pale cream with brown mottling in holotype, T8 white and T7 white with brown markings along posterior half in paratype (Fig. 247). Pronotum (Fig. 242): 1.2–1.3 mm long; 1.6–1.8 mm wide; W/L 1.3–1.4; punctures small, shallow, contiguous or separated by up to their width; midanterior margin rounded, projecting considerably beyond rounded obtuse anterolateral corners; lateral margins diverging in anterior half, and converging posteriorly in posterior half with slight sinuousity on right side in holotype; posterolateral corners narrowly rounded. Elytra shiny, punctures dense, some contiguous. Abdomen (Figs 243–250): posterolateral corners of V6 narrowed, appearing prolonged if viewed from above in ethanol preserved G541 (Figs 243, 244, 247). LO (Figs 243, 245) not extending into PLP which are slightly truncate along their inner posterior margins; lateral margins of V7 strongly divergent in ethanol preserved G541; MPP moderately broad, apex truncate or very slightly emarginated (Figs 248, 249). T8: flanges narrowly elongate, apex rounded (Fig. 250).</p><p>Female, larva unknown.</p><p>Etymology. dimidiata (dimidius, Latin = half) emphasizes the pattern of light production of the single paratype male. Lloyd’s field records for the holotype (G414) are “single at ½ sec”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E77C538FF6FBC9FFC1DEA68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E77C53BFF6FB844FEDCECA4.text	E46FF2165E77C53BFF6FB844FEDCECA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisinuata microthorax (Olivier) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Trisinuata microthorax (Olivier) comb. nov.</p><p>Luciola microthorax Olivier, 1885:364; Olivier, 1896:2.</p><p>Pteroptyx microthorax (Olivier) . Olivier, 1909a:318; Olivier, 1910b:48; Olivier, 1913b:417. Ballantyne and McLean, 1970:265. Ballantyne, 1987a:156.</p><p>Lectotype. Male. INDONESIA: Papua: 1.14S, 134.01E Hatam, lectotype male of Luciola microthorax designated by Ballantyne (1987a) (MCSN).</p><p>Diagnosis. 6.0 mm long; pronotum and MP dingy yellow, MS dark brown; deflexed elytral apex rounded; distinguished by the bilobed PLP (Ballantyne 1987a Fig. 5a, b, c).</p><p>Remarks. Olivier (1885) named the species for the small size of its pronotum, and Ballantyne and McLean (1970) adopted an E/P index (ratio of elytral width measured across bases to pronotal width) in an attempt to characterise it. The use of this index has been discontinued; microthorax is amply characterised by features of its terminal abdomen. Helgen et al. (2008) indicated Hatam is a village in the Arfak Mountains of the Vogelkop peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E77C53BFF6FB844FEDCECA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E74C53BFF6FBD37FDBAEEAA.text	E46FF2165E74C53BFF6FBD37FDBAEEAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisinuata minor (Ballantyne) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Trisinuata minor (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>Pteroptyx minor Ballantyne, in Ballantyne and McLean, 1970:261; Ballantyne, 1987a:157.</p><p>Holotype Male. NEW GUINEA: 147.24E, 9.25S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.24&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.24/lat -9.25)">Bisianumu</a>, east of Port Moresby, 500 m., ix.25.1955 (BPBM).</p><p>Other specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: 146.40E, 7.22S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.22" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.4/lat -7.22)">Edie Creek</a>, near Wau, 1700m, 2.iv.1966, JLG, 2 males . 7.13S, 146.49E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.13" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.49/lat -7.13)">Mt Missim</a>, 1600–2000m, 21–24.ix.1964, M. S., male (BPBM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Small (ca 4.5 mm long) with elytral apex barely deflexed; pronotum orange, elytra black.</p><p>Remarks. This species is now represented in collections by five males. The elytral apices (Ballantyne, 1987a, Fig. 6 e, f) are swollen and bulbous and thicker than the remainder of the epipleuron, so their interpretation as "deflexed elytral apices" differs slightly from others, where the deflexed apex of the elytron is anteriorly prolonged and no thicker than the rest of the elytron.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E74C53BFF6FBD37FDBAEEAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E74C53BFF6FBB06FED6EB0C.text	E46FF2165E74C53BFF6FBB06FED6EB0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisinuata papuae (McDermott)	<div><p>Trisinuata papuae (McDermott)</p><p>Pteroptyx papuae McDermott, 1959:9; McDermott, 1966:117. Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:252.</p><p>Holotype. Male. NEW GUINEA: 148.23E, 8.37S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.23&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.23/lat -8.37)">Monda</a>, Buna District, xii.28.1943 (Cornell University).</p><p>Other specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: 147.10E, 7.53S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.53" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.1/lat -7.53)">Garaina</a>, 800m, 16.i.1968, J. &amp; M. S., male (BPBM) . 147.44E, 8.52S, Kokoda, 400m, iii.22.1956, JLG, 2 males (BPBM) . 148.10E, 8.55S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.1/lat -8.55)">Mt Lamington District</a>, C. T. McNamara, v.1927 2 males, female; vii.1927, male, female; viii.1927, female; i–ii.1929, female (AMSA) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Small (4.4–4.6 mm long); entirely brown dorsally except for 4 median orange spots on the pronotum; deflexed elytral apex somewhat truncate along margin B with margin C slightly sinuate; distinguished most obviously from Tri. papuana by the presence of the deflexed elytral apex.</p><p>Remarks. This study extends the number of males known in collections. Luciola papuana Olivier was described from a female coloured like M. papuae . Males lacking the deflexed elytral apex are associated with Luciola papuana and the species assigned to Trisinuata gen. nov. and redescribed below. Table 9 lists Luciolinae sharing similar pale brown dorsal colouration, of which three species, including this one, are assigned to Trisinuata gen. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E74C53BFF6FBB06FED6EB0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E74C535FF6FB9A9FB9DECA4.text	E46FF2165E74C535FF6FB9A9FB9DECA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisinuata papuana (Olivier)	<div><p>Trisinuata papuana (Olivier)</p><p>[Figs 251–258]</p><p>Luciola papuana Olivier, 1913b:417 .</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) papuana Olivier. McDermott, 1966:111 .</p><p>Holotype. Female. NEW GUINEA: North East: Sattelberg, Huon Gulf (Természettudományi Museum, Budapest).</p><p>Other specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: 5.38S, 146.28E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.28&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.38" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.28/lat -5.38)">Finisterre Range</a>, Saidor, Kiambavi village, vii.22–29.1958, WB, male, female (BPBM) . Saidor, Matoko village, WB, ix.6–24.1958 2 males; 28. ix–5–1958, 3 males; 29– ix–5–1958, 2 males (BPBM) . Finisterre Mts, Komba, 2 males, 8 females L Wagner (SAMA) . 7.00S, 147.00E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.0/lat -7.0)">Morobe District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.0/lat -7.0)">Huon Peninsula</a>, Gang Creek Camp, Mt Rawlinson, 4500 feet, H. Van Deusen, vi–21– 26–1964, male; vi–8–1964, 2 males (AMNH) .</p><p>Diagnosis. One of four species from New Guinea with brown dorsal colouration; distinguished from Aus. fuscamagna sp. nov. and Aus. fuscaparva sp. nov. by the bipartite LO in V7, and Tri. papuae by the absence of a deflexed elytral apex.</p><p>Male. 6.7–7.2 mm long. Colour (Fig. 251): entirely dark brown except for white V6, 7 and pale T6–8 (Figs 253, 254). Pronotum: 1.5–1.7 mm wide; 1.0– 1.1 mm long; W/L 1.5–1.7; punctures shallow, separated by width of puncture or contiguous; pronotal disc smooth and shiny between punctures; lateral margins diverge along length (C&gt;A, B). Head: GHW 1.3–1.4 mm; ASD &lt;ASW. Abdomen (Figs 253, 254, 255): muscles attaching in median area between LO halves are visible through cuticle, LO extending to sides of V7 and into PLP; MPP wider than long, curving dorsally at its apex which is bifurcate into 2 fine points, shorter and narrower than wide PLP (Fig. 254). T8 (Fig. 255): well defined, wide lateral ridges and short wide apically rounded flanges. Aedeagus (Figs 257, 258): anterior prolongation of ML not long and slender; apices of LL concealed behind ML and not laterally expanded; lateral margins of LL very slightly curved.</p><p>Remarks. Olivier (1913b) based this species on a female. The similarity of pronotal colour to the type female is most obvious in these males. Table 9 lists Luciolinae with dark dorsal colouration.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E74C535FF6FB9A9FB9DECA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E7AC535FF6FB98FFDE7EAE1.text	E46FF2165E7AC535FF6FB98FFDE7EAE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciola Cowleyi Blackburn 1897	<div><p>Luciola ‘ species C’</p><p>Ballantyne and McLean (1970:266) described certain groups of specimens which they were unable to assign reliably to a species as Species A–E. Species A is included in M. antennata here; Species B is described as a new species Tri. apicula sp. nov.; Species D could be a male of Luciola melancholica and is considered below; and Species E is assigned to M. tarsalis . Species C represented by specimens with trisinuate V7, entire LOs in V7, and orange pronota, remains unassigned.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E7AC535FF6FB98FFDE7EAE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E7AC535FF6FBD37FD5AE8D7.text	E46FF2165E7AC535FF6FBD37FD5AE8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trisinuata similispapuae (Ballantyne et McLean 2013) Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013	<div><p>Trisinuata similispapuae (Ballantyne) comb. nov.</p><p>[Figs 259–265]</p><p>Pteroptyx similispapuae Ballantyne, in Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:261; Ballantyne 1987a:159.</p><p>Holotype. Male. INDONESIA <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.31&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.23" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.31/lat -3.23)">West Irian</a>: 135.31E, 3.23S, Nabire, South Geelvink Bay, 0–30m, vii.2–9.1962, light trap (BPBM).</p><p>Specimens examined. NEW GUINEA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.32" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.08/lat -5.32)">Western Highlands</a> 5.32S 144.08E Baiyer River, tube bears label ‘MP (mating pair) *2 8.15 male yellow female Gr. 11.xi.69 light male 2 nd BR 2; no collector (see Ballantyne 1987a:160) (ANIC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This mating pair was characterised (Ballantyne 1987a p. 159). Males small (5–6 mm long); dorsally entirely brown with small median orange spots on the pronotum, or median area of pronotum entirely dingy orange; very similar to Tri. papuae, distinguished by the outline of the terminal abdomen (Fig. 259, 260), and the asymmetrical flanges on T8 (Fig. 261); short paired cuticular strips extend anteriorly across the dorsal face of V7 from the sides of the MPP (Fig. 260). Female coloured as for male except for pale LO in V6 only.</p><p>Female. 5.6 mm long. Colour: as for male except for yellowish brown ventral surface of metathorax, pale LO in V6 only, not reaching to brown lateral margins, light brown basal abdominal tergites and darker brown T7, 8. V7 posterior margin gently bisinuate, median area narrowly indented, and posterolateral corners rounded (Fig. 263). Bursa: with broad paired plates (Fig. 265).</p><p>Remarks. This species was described from two specimens which differed from the similarly coloured Pteroptyx papuae in the outlines of the terminal abdominal ventrite (Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970). Ballantyne (1987a) described two further specimens (a mating pair) and the light colour (male yellow, female green), but had difficulty in determining if the LO in V7 was bipartite. A reexamination here including the presence of cuticular strands (Fig. 260) to which muscles attach in the median area of V7 indicates a bipartite LO in V7. Ballantyne (1987a:160) described the aedeagal sheath split by a mating "plug" (spermatophore) retained as a very hard ball attached to the ejaculatory orifice (Fig. 264).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E7AC535FF6FBD37FD5AE8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E7BC537FF6FBAF9FF36EC77.text	E46FF2165E7BC537FF6FBAF9FF36EC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciola melancholica Olivier	<div><p>Luciola melancholica Olivier</p><p>Luciola melancholica Olivier, 1913b:417 . McDermott, 1966:109. Ballantyne &amp; McLean, 1970:267.</p><p>Holotype. Female. NEW GUINEA: Iles Bertrand, holotype female of Luciola melancholica (MCSN) .</p><p>Remarks. The holotype female was described with dark brown elytra and an orange pronotum with dark marginal markings. There are several examples herein where different species have marginal dark markings on the pronotum (e.g. Aus. anthracina, M. fulminea, M. pupilla, Tri. apicula sp. nov.). No males from the type locality of the Bertrand Islands have been located.</p><p>Ballantyne and McLean (1970:267) described as "Species D" two males where the pronotal colour most closely approached that of the holotype of melancholica . While they described the LOs as “filling sternites 6 and 7” their diagrams (Fig. 8 n, o) indicate a situation where interpretation of the nature of the LO in V7 as either entire or bipartite is not clear, and no further action on these two specimens is taken here. They also included specimens in Pteroptyx cribellata Groups 3 and 4 (page 247) where the male pronota had dark markings along the lateral and anterior margins, and in one case also along the posterior margin. All these specimens in Groups 3 and 4 have entire LOs in V7. Ballantyne (1987a:163) included two females as possible melancholica, and indicated that certain Pteroptyx (now Medeopteryx) fulminea have lateral pronotal margins finely dark. Certain specimens from Mt Lamington tentatively assigned to Aus. anthracina have either dark margined or completely pale pronota in the males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E7BC537FF6FBAF9FF36EC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E78C537FF6FBE7CFA43EE02.text	E46FF2165E78C537FF6FBE7CFA43EE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciola ruficollis (Boisduval)	<div><p>Luciola ruficollis (Boisduval)</p><p>Lampyris ruficollis Boisduval, 1835:128 . Guérin-Méneville, 1838:75. Motschulsky, 1854: 53.</p><p>Luciola ruficollis (Guérin-Méneville) . Lacordaire, 1857: 338. Olivier, 1902:85; 1907:54; 1910b:45. Nec Girard, 1873, plate xxxv, figs 9, 9a, 9b.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) ruficollis (Guérin-Méneville) . McDermott, 1966:112. Ballantyne, 1987a:131.</p><p>Type. NEW GUINEA. not located .</p><p>Remarks. This species has not been reliably identified in collections. Based on its original description as a small species (ca 6 mm long) with orange pronotum, dark brown elytra, and V7 trilobed Ballantyne (1987a:131) considered that Pteroptyx antennata Olivier could have been based on similar specimens. No reference to ruficollis mentions deflexed elytral apices in the male. The described ventral colouration of yellowish thorax and abdomen is approached by Australoluciola australis which lacks a trisinuate V7.</p><p>This species has been attributed to Guérin-Méneville (1830). The actual publication date of this work was 1838, and the species is here attributed to Boisduval (1835) as the first description to be associated with the name.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E78C537FF6FBE7CFA43EE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E78C537FF6FBCAEFDF4E83C.text	E46FF2165E78C537FF6FBCAEFDF4E83C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciola tenuicornis Olivier. McDermott 1966	<div><p>Luciola tenuicornis Olivier</p><p>Luciola tenuicornis Olivier, 1885:365, plate v, fig. 9; 1902: 87.</p><p>Luciola (Luciola) tenuicornis Olivier. McDermott, 1966: 114 .</p><p>Type. CELEBES. Not located .</p><p>Remarks. Olivier described a small (5–6 mm) male with yellow pronotum, light brown elytra with paler lateral margins, and V7 prolonged and abruptly narrowed, from the Celebes. McDermott (1966) incorrectly recorded it from New Guinea.</p><p>Incorrect New Guinean records</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E78C537FF6FBCAEFDF4E83C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E78C537FF6FBA97FE77EBFA.text	E46FF2165E78C537FF6FBA97FE77EBFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciola timida Olivier	<div><p>Luciola timida Olivier</p><p>Luciola timida Olivier 1883:76; 1902:87. Bourgeois 1890:87. Olivier 1913b:417. McDermott 1966:114.</p><p>Type. Saigon (MNHN) .</p><p>Remarks. Olivier (1913b) recorded this species from various locations in New Guinea (Friedrich Wilhelmshafen = Madang) and islands of Kiriwina, Fergusson and Trobriand. Apart from the type we are unable to relocate any of these specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E78C537FF6FBA97FE77EBFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
E46FF2165E78C537FF6FB9F6FE92EA99.text	E46FF2165E78C537FF6FB9F6FE92EA99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Photinus cinctellus Motschulsky	<div><p>Photinus cinctellus Motschulsky</p><p>Photinus cinctellus Motschulsky 1854:36 . Lacordaire 1857:322. McDermott 1966:37. Powell 1965:88.</p><p>Type not examined.</p><p>Remarks. Ballantyne as Powell (1965) recorded 9 specimens (6 males) from Lae. McDermott identified these as Photinus cinctellus and considered that mislabelling should be considered. No such specimens have been collected since.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E46FF2165E78C537FF6FB9F6FE92EA99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballantyne, Lesley A.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L. (2013): Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera. Zootaxa 3653 (1): 1-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3653.1.1
