taxonID	type	description	language	source
EA5087B31909FFB5FEC4FDC996E9F945.taxon	description	(Figs 3 – 5; Supporting Information, Table S 4) Description based on population from ASS hosts from Papua Neo Guinea: Small Clevelandella, size invivo 69 – 87 × 35 – 52 µm, usually about 77 × 41 µm; size in protargol preparations 44 – 67 × 25 – 34 µm, usually about 55 × 29 µm. Body proper dorsoventrally flattened; overall outline in ventral view asymmetrically spade-shaped, with prominent left lobe, anterior cell end bluntly pointed; peristomial projection joins body proper to right of midline. Left cell margin notched at base of peristomial projection forming a lobe that overhangs the peristomial projection for about one-fifth of its length. Macronucleus ellipsoidal (Figs 3 A, 4 A) to inverted teardrop-shape (Figs 3 B, 4 B – E, G), anterior end rounded, posterior end acutely tapered, chromatin coarsely granular. Karyophore attached to posterior margin of macronucleus (Figs 3 A, 4 A, B). Micronucleus ellipsoidal (4.4 × 3.4 µm), adjacent to anterior margin of macronucleus (Figs 3 B, 4 G). Swims slowly. Somatic ciliature consists of about 60 kineties, only anterior two-thirds of body properly ciliated (Fig. 5 A, B). Right sutural kinetofragments not confirmed, cannot be completely excluded due to suboptimal orientation of cells in protargol preparations. Peristomial projection extends an average of 28 % of total cell length. Lateral part of peristomial opening extends about three-quarters of length (Figs 4 A, F, 5 A) of peristomial projection. Adoral zone usually extends about 52 % of cell length, composed of an average of 23 membranelles. Fine structures of POM unrecognizable due to poor staining but visibly stichomonad at the posterior (Fig. 5 B – D).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31909FFB5FEC4FDC996E9F945.taxon	distribution	Occurrence: Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. was found in the hindgut of two Panesthiinae species from Papua New Guinea: ASS and STH from the same locality (Wanang 3). It occurred in 56 % of ASS individuals regardless of age and sex. In STH the ciliate was present only in one juvenile host individual among 10 dissected insects. When present, the ciliate is typically abundant. In ASS, infection with C. ananiasi sp. nov. frequently co-occurs (60 %) with C. sidi sp. nov. requiring special care in species identification.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31909FFB5FED3F89C904AFA19.taxon	description	(Figs 6, 7; Supporting Information, Tables S 5, S 6) Description based on populations from hosts ASS and STH from Papua Neo Guinea: Small- to medium-sized Clevelandella, size in vivo 74 – 99 × 40 – 54 µm, usually about 90 × 49 µm; size in protargol preparations 59 – 88 × 35 – 47 µm, usually about 75 × 41 µm in STH population; size in vivo 73 – 95 × 43 – 59 µm, usually about 87 × 49 µm; size in protargol preparations 49 – 78 × 29 – 41 µm, usually about 63 × 34 µm in ASS population. Body proper dorsoventrally flattened; overall outline spade-shaped in ventral view, widest near junction of body proper with peristomial projection, cell outline asymmetric due to prominent left lobe, anterior end of cell tapers to blunt point; peristomial projection joins body proper near right margin; left cell margin conspicuously notched at base of peristomial projection, left lobe overhangs peristomial projection up to one-third of its length (Figs 6 A – D, 7 B – D, G, H). Macronucleus usually inverted teardrop-shape (Fig. 7 B, E, F), right margin slightly convex, or ellipsoidal (Figs 6 A, 7 A, G, H), karyophore unobserved. Chromatin coarsely granular. Micronucleus ellipsoidal (5.5 × 2.5 µm), adjacent to right anterior margin of macronucleus (Figs 6 B, 7 G). Swims slowly. Somatic ciliature arranged in about 55 kineties. Cilia present only on anterior two-thirds of cell (Fig. 7 B). About nine widelyspaced, curved, free transverse ciliary rows on peristomial projection. Right sutural kinetofragments numerous, well developed (Fig. 7 C, E). Peristomial projection averages about 24 % of total body length in STH population, 28 % in ASS population. Peristomial opening extends one-half (Fig. 7 A) to three-quarters (Fig. 7 B, H) of length of peristomial projection. Adoral zone extends anteriorly about 51 % (STH) to 57 % (ASS) of body length to end near posterior margin of macronucleus, composed of an average of 30 (ASS) to 32 (STH) membranelles, adoral zone widest in peristomial projection, narrows anteriorly, POM as described for the family.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31909FFB5FED3F89C904AFA19.taxon	distribution	Occurrence: Clevelandella philipi was found in the hindgut of two Panesthiinae species from Papua New Guinea: ASS and STH from the same locality (Wanang 3). Of STH individuals, all of which were juveniles, 30 % harboured C. philipi. Since only two adults of the STH population (both males) were dissected, no conclusions can be reached about possible life-stage specificity. In the ASS population, C. philipi was present in 37 % of cockroach individuals regardless of age and sex. When present, the ciliate is typically abundant. In ASS the infection with C. philipi sp. nov. frequently (90 %) co-occurred with C. ananiasi sp. nov., requiring care in identification.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31909FFBBFC73FA529638F8A5.taxon	description	(Figs 8 – 11; Supporting Information, Tables S 7 – S 10) Description based on populations from hosts ASS from Papua Neo Guinea and PAC from Vietnam: Medium to very large Clevelandella, widely variable in both size and shape. In ASS population, size in vivo 103 – 262 × 39 – 81 µm, usually about 164 × 57 µm; size in protargol preparations 77 – 164 × 25 – 66 µm, usually about 117 × 40 µm; in PAC population, size in vivo 127 – 339 × 44 – 85 µm, usually about 190 × 58 µm; size in protargol preparations 110 – 276 × 31 – 83 µm, usually about 155 × 45 µm. Body shape usually broadly cultriform, ventral surface of the body proper convex, dorsal surface concave, anterior end of cell bluntly pointed and curved more (Figs 9 E, 10 C, E) or less (Figs 9 C, H, 10 B, 11 A, D, E) in dorsal direction. Peristomial projection flares to merge gradually with body proper, prominence of left lobe varies from less conspicuous (Figs 9 A, B, 10 A) to more prominent (Figs 8 A, D, F, 9 D, F – H, 10 F, 11 B, C, E) with a notch formed between the lobe and peristomial projection (Figs 8 F, 9 F), in contrast to spade-shaped species, the notch degree between peristomial projection and left lobe seems never to be under 90 °; posterior margin of peristomial projection truncate. L / W ratio highly variable in individuals from both hosts, from shorter stouter forms (Figs 8 D – G, 9 A – I, 11 A – E) to longer more slender cells (Figs 8 A, B, 10 A – F). Macronucleus broadly ellipsoidal in short forms (Figs 8 D, E, 9 A – F), to narrowly ellipsoidal in long forms (Fig. 10 A – C, E, F). Karyophore inconspicuous; when detectable, attached to posterior end of macronucleus and right body margin (Figs 8 A, B, D, 10 A, D). Micronucleus ellipsoidal, usually adjacent to right anterior margin of macronucleus, enclosed in separate membrane (Figs 8 A, B, D, 9 A, C, E, F, 10 A, C – E). Swims moderately fast while rotating around long axis. Somatic ciliature composed of about 60 – 85 somatic ciliary rows in Clevelandellidae pattern; cilia present only on approximately anterior half of cell; about 20 – 25 ciliary rows on the peristomial projection in ASS population. Ciliary rows in PAC population not counted. Right suture has only two or three small free kinetofragments (not shown). Peristomial projection occupies an average of 35 % of total body length. Lateral part of peristomial opening extends about one-half (Figs 9 B, 11 B, D, E) length of peristomial projection in short cells, about one-third (Fig. 10 A, B) length of peristomial projection in long cells. Adoral zone usually extends about 50 % of body length, composed of an average of 54 (ASS) to 62 (PAC) membranelles, base of membranelles longest in midportion of peristomial projection. POM as described for the family (Fig. 9 I). Remarks on short and long morphotypes: Clevelandella hromadkai shows considerable intraspecific phenotypic variability. The ASS population, while genetically uniform, can be divided in two distinct phenotypes: short (Figs 8 D – G, 9 A – I, 11 A – F) and long (Figs 8 A, B, 10 A – F). In a single host, only one phenotype seems to occur at a given time; from nine thoroughly inspected hosts the short morph occurred in two females and two larvae, the long morph occurred in four males and one larva. Apart from the obvious length difference (mean in vivo 127 µm vs. 215 µm) and other morphological characteristics (e. g. number of adoral membranelles — see Supporting Information, Tables S 8, S 9), both morphs can be distinguished by their shapes: the short one is stouter (body L / W ratio 2.5) with a more rounded anterior end and the long one is more slender (body L / W ratio 3.7).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31909FFBBFC73FA529638F8A5.taxon	distribution	Occurrence: Three distinct populations of C. hromadkai were found in the hindguts of three Panesthiinae populations: ASS from Papua New Guinea, PAA from Philippines, and PAC from Vietnam. The ASS population occurred in 63 % of host individuals regardless of age and sex. When present, C. hromadkai was less abundant (a few tens of individuals) compared to other ciliate species present in a host. The PAC population occurred in 28 % of host individuals. Out of nine infected hosts, one was a large larva and eight were visibly old adult males. Most of the PAC hosts exhibited low occurrence of C. hromadkai (around 10 cells) with other ciliate species being more abundant. The exception was one male that harboured around 50 cells of C. hromadkai. When C. hromadkai was present in PAC hosts, the populations of other ciliates were visibly low compared to PAC host, in which C. hromadkai was absent. The PAA population occurred in only 17 % of host individuals. Out of two infected hosts (both adult males), one exhibited a low occurrence of the C. hromadkai with the other ciliate species being more abundant. The other host exhibited high occurrence of C. hromadkai with other ciliates being scarce.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31907FFBBFED9F8B597E5F869.taxon	description	(Figs 12, 13; Supporting Information, Table S 11) Description based on population from STH hosts from Papua Neo Guinea: Large Clevelandella, size in vivo 146 – 206 × 61 – 98 µm, usually about 170 × 80 µm; size in protargol preparations 123 – 163 × 61 – 80 µm, usually about 135 × 71 µm. Overall cell outline in ventral view more or less symmetrical, broadly lanceolate, widest at middle of cell, anterior cell end bluntly pointed, dorsoventrally flattened; peristomial projection inconspicuous, merges gradually with cell body proper at midline, thus predominant left lobe absent. Peristomial opening broad. Macronucleus long, slender sausage-shaped (mean 63 × 12 µm) (Figs 12 A, B, 13 A, C, D), anterior end rounded, posterior end rounded (Fig. 13 A, B) or abruptly tapered to short point (Fig. 13 C); extends along nearly entire right margin of body proper, convex toward right body margin (Fig. 13 A, C). Chromatin coarsely granular. Karyophore not identified. Micronucleus (4.7 × 4.3 µm) globular, adjacent to anterior right margin of macronucleus (Figs 12 A, B, 13 B, D). Swims slowly. Somatic cilia present on only anterior two-thirds of cell. Somatic ciliature composed of about 102 narrowly-spaced kineties, arranged in typical Clevelandella pattern. Right sutural kinetofragments not observed. Peristomial projection indistinct, i. e. flares as it gradually merges with body proper. Lateral part of peristomial opening wide (23 µm) (Fig. 13 A – C). Adoral zone extends about 56 % of body length, composed of 59 membranelles (N = 3), markedly curved right at about three-quarters of length. Fine morphology of POM (Fig. 13 D) not determined with certainty.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31907FFBBFED9F8B597E5F869.taxon	distribution	Occurrence: Clevelandella klobasa is extremely rare as it was found only in two out of 10 dissected individuals of STH: a male and a small juvenile, each of them from a different family group. The population density was very low in both cases, with no more than 15 cells of C. klobasa sp. nov. present in the entire hindgut. In both cases, C. klobasa co-occurred with cells of Paraclevelandia brevis (once also in ‘ simplex’ form) and Nyctotherus sp ..	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31905FFB9FEFCFAAE90F5F9EB.taxon	description	(Figs 14, 15; Supporting Information, Table S 12) Description based on population from a single SRU host individual from Cambodia: Medium-sized, spade-shaped Clevelandella, size in vivo 126 – 154 × 50 – 64 µm, usually about 142 × 59 µm, in protargol preparations 95 – 142 × 37 – 59 µm, usually about 117 × 46; cell dorsoventrally flattened, prominent notch between left lobe and peristomial projection; peristomial projection about 28 % of cell length, peristomial overture extends to about three-quarters of peristomial projection (Fig. 15 A, C). Macronucleus broad inverted teardrop-shaped (Figs 14 A, B, 15 A – C), in anterior half of cell, narrow end at right cell margin, micronucleus ellipsoidal (usually about 4.5 × 2.7 µm), adjacent to macronucleus (Fig. 15 G); karyophore usually undetectable or inconspicuous in both live, protargol-impregnated cells, located at posterior end of macronucleus (visible in 3 of 15 protargol-impregnated cells) (Fig. 15 F). Swims lazily. Somatic ciliature composed of about 80 – 90 somatic ciliary rows in Clevelandellidae pattern, about 20 – 25 ciliary rows extend on to peristomial projection; cilia restricted to approximately anterior half of cell. Sutural kinetofragments absent. Adoral zone usually extends about one-half of body length, composed of an average of 52 membranelles, base of membranelles longest in posterior one-third of adoral zone. POM entirely diplostichomonad (Fig. 15 H).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31905FFB9FEFCFAAE90F5F9EB.taxon	distribution	Occurrence: Clevelandella sidi was obtained only from one wild-born SRU subadult female. Later, another wild-born female from the same family group and four of her offspring were dissected, but none of them contained C. sidi.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31905FFA0FC15F9F394C7FB7C.taxon	description	(Figs 16 – 18; Supporting Information, Tables S 13, S 14) Description based on populations from SRU hosts from Cambodia: Spade-shaped Clevelandella, size in vivo quite variable 113 – 189 × 55 – 79 µm, usually about 143 × 63 µm; size in protargol preparations 110 – 167 × 51 – 82 µm, usually about 130 × 65 µm; dorsoventrally flattened, widest in posterior half of cell, anterior end broadly tapered, cell shape varies depending on host and possibly nutritional status, i. e. morphology less variable within than between hosts, well-fed cells plump (L / W ratio about 2.6), less well-fed cells narrower (L / W ratio about 2.1), cells of intermediate length – width ratio common (range 1.6 – 2.8). Peristomial projection length relative to cell length quite variable depending on nutritional status (average in all cells about 19 %; about 25 % in more slender, less well-fed cells; about 17 % in plumper, well-fed cells), peristomial overture extends nearly entire length of peristomial projection regardless of nutritional state (Fig. 18 A – D). Macronucleus in anterior half of cell, inverted teardrop-shaped (Fig. 17 G) to lenticular (Fig. 17 B, H), chromatin granular; micronucleus distinctly ellipsoidal (Fig. 17 H), adjacent to macronucleus, about 7 × 4 µm. Presence of karyophore highly variable, not seen or quite inconspicuous in vivo, when present, appearance in protargol preparations (Fig. 17 G) highly variable (seen at anterior and posterior ends of macronucleus in 11 of 39 cells, anterior end only in 7 of 39 cells, at posterior end only 4 of 39 cells, undetectable in 17 of 39 cells). Swims lazily. Somatic ciliature composed of about 80 – 100 somatic ciliary rows in Clevelandellidae pattern, about 20 – 25 ciliary rows extend on to peristomial projection, somatic cilia restricted to approximately anterior two-thirds of cell except for four or five ciliated circumperistomial kineties. Sutural kinetofragments absent. Adoral zone usually extends about 45 % of body length, composed of an average of 60 membranelles, base of membranelles longest in posterior one-third of adoral zone. POM as described for the family. Remarks on phenotypic variability: Two genetically different populations were detected in SRU host: (i) (Fig. 17 A) and (ii) (Figs 17 B – K, 18). Cells of population (i) were markedly larger than cells of population (ii) — cell size in vivo 180 × 65 µm vs. 141 × 64 µm (Supporting Information, Tables S 13, S 14). Based on overall morphology, the cells can be divided into two more or less distinct morphotypes: slender (Figs 16 A, 17 A, B, G, 18 A, B) and broad (Figs 16 B – E, 17 C – E, H – K, 18 C – F). In population (i) only the slender morphotype was detected.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31905FFA0FC15F9F394C7FB7C.taxon	distribution	Occurrence: Clevelandella fryntai occurred in all six dissected SRU individuals (all from the same family group). Population (i) was detected in only one individual (subadult female), the very same in which C. sidi (see above) was found. The five remaining hosts harboured population (ii): in four (male, two females, and a larva) of them the slender and broad morphotypes co-occurred and in one (larva) only the slender was present. Redescriptions of known species of Clevelandellidae In addition to the newly described species, a number of known species was observed, namely: Anteclevelandella constricta, R. nipponensis, R. hastula, Paraclevelandia brevis, Paraclevelandia simplex, C. elongata, C. parapanesthiae, C. kidderi (weconsider C. lynni Pecina and Vďačný, 2020 as a junior synonym of C. kidderi, see discussion), and C. panesthiae. Most, but not all available ciliate populations were morphologically characterized. For known species, except C. elongata, which has not been reported since its original discovery by Kidder (1937), descriptions are limited to those characters not previously reported, previously recorded inaccurately (e. g. somatic ciliature), or deviating significantly from previous descriptions. Apart from them, two species were detected but left undescribed, namely: Rhynchoclevelandella sp. 2 and Clevelandella sp. 4. The hosts infected and the occurrence of individual species are summarized inSupporting Information, Table S 48.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3191CFFA0FF1CFB649046F96C.taxon	description	(Figs 19, 20; Supporting Information, Tables S 15 – S 21) Six populations (ASS, PAA, PRG, SRU, STH # 1, and STH # 2) were morphologically characterized by both in vivo observations and protargol preparations, and one population (PAC) was characterized in vivo only. When present, the ciliate was usually abundant. Description based on the above populations: Medium- to large-sized Clevelandellidae (on average 128 × 38 µm in vivo, range 78 – 192 × 21 – 67 µm; on average 117 × 33 µm in protargol preparations, range 94 – 142 × 20 – 47 µm). Shape elongated, cylindrical, transverse constriction at level of macronucleus, anterior cell end broadly tapered, posterior end transversely truncate with short peristomial overture, peristomial projection indistinct since gradually merges with body proper. Macronucleus broadly ellipsoidal, long axis oriented transversely, karyophore at right and left ends of macronucleus. Aggregation of cytoplasmic platelets between macronucleus and anterior end of cell (possibly amylopectin). Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 44 % of cell length. About 15 ciliated free transverse kinetofragments, comprising five basal bodies each, occupy right suture in anterior half of cell (Fig. 18 D). Circumperistomial kineties only sparsely ciliated. Oral ciliature as for the family. Adoral zone extends about 48 % of cell length, composed of about 47 membranelles on average (range 36 – 56).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3191CFFA0FF1CFB649046F96C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Regarding measured characteristics (Supporting Information, Tables S 15 – S 21), our populations are slightly larger than Kidder’s (1937) isolates, very closely match those of Albaret (1975), and are similar to measurements published by Yamasaki (1939) and Pecina and Vďačný (2020 b). Individual populations are very similar except for the number of adoral membranelles, which ranges from mean 39 (PAA) to mean 52 (STH population 1). Pecina and Vďačný (2020 b) found similar variability in adoral membranelle number in their Thai population. The only visible shape variation can be seen in STH population 2, which lacks the typical constriction and has a slender, more acutely pointed anterior end, differing somewhat from the typical phenotype (Fig. 19 C).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3191CFFA1FCA6F9779781F879.taxon	description	(Fig. 21 D – F, J, K; Supporting Information, Table S 22) Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis was detected and morphologically characterized in a single host population (PAC), never in high abundance. Description based on PAC population: Medium-sized Clevelelandellidae (on average 82 × 33 µm in vivo, range 67 – 100 × 27 – 42 µm; on average 65 × 25 µm in protargol preparations, range 47 – 83 × 20 – 31 µm). Slender spade-shaped (L / W about 2.6) with long posterior peristomial projection (about 31 % of cell length). Anterior right and left margins of body proper straight or concave. Macronucleus broadly ellipsoidal (Fig. 21 J, K) to broadly teardrop-shaped (Fig. 21 D, F), obliquely oriented to right of midline, prominent numerous globular nucleoli in vivo. Karyophore extremely inconspicuous, attached to posterior of macronucleus (Fig. 21 K). Micronucleus ellipsoidal (Fig. 21 F, K), relatively large, about 5.5 µm across. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 64 % of cell length. Circumperistomial kineties only sparsely ciliated. Free right sutural kinetofragments not identified, presence of inconspicuous kinetofragments not completely excluded due to suboptimally oriented cells in protargol preparations. Adoral zone extends about 47 % of cell length on average, composed of an average of 23 membranelles (range 20 – 25). POM unstudied. Remarks: Overall morphology corresponds with original description and drawing by Kidder (1937) except (i) the ciliature: while Kidder (1937) depicts the cell as fully ciliated, we show that only the anterior two-thirds of the cell are ciliated and (ii) the macronuclear shape varies from broadly ellipsoidal (Fig. 21 K) to broadly teardrop-shaped (Fig. 21 D, F, J). Regarding measured characteristics (Supporting Information, Table S 22), our population is slightly shorter than that of Kidder (1937) and Yamasaki (1939). A notch sometimes forms at the base of peristomial projection (Fig. 21 F, J) — rarely in vivo but frequently in protargol-stained cells, creating a R. hastula - like appearance. However, R. nipponensis can be mostly distinguished from R. hastula by: length (approx. 65 µm vs. 85 µm), length / width ratio (approx. 2.6 vs. 3.4), number of adoral membranelles (approx. 23 vs. 26), and characteristic curvature of the most posterior third of peristomial opening in larger cells of hastula (Fig. 21 L, M). Very small cells of both species (e. g. Fig. 21 D, N) can be rather indistinguishable.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3191AFFA6FF15F90B919EF80E.taxon	description	(Figs 21 L – T, 22; Supporting Information, Table S 24) Rhynchoclenelandella hastula was detected and morphologically characterized in one host population (PGW). The ciliate was present in every dissected PGW individual and moderately abundant. Description based on PGW population: Small- to medium-sized Clevelandellidae (on average 86 × 31 µm in vivo, 80 × 28 µm excluding single unusually large (142 × 53 µm) individual, range 62 – 142 × 23 – 53 µm; on average 82 × 24 µm in protargol preparations, range 64 – 94 × 18 – 31 µm). Slender spear or spade shape (L / W 2.5 – 3.4 in vivo, 2.9 – 4.2 in protargol preparations), left-sided notch at base of peristomial projection (Fig. 21 L, M, P), inconspicuous or absent in smaller cells (Fig. 21 N, Q). Posterior peristomial projection conspicuously elongated (about 40 % of cell length on average), typically curves rightward (Fig. 21 L, M, N, P, Q), in large cells visibly curved in last third (Fig. 21 L, M). Macronucleus broadly ellipsoidal, posterior end sometimes pointed (Fig. 21 P, S). Karyophore rarely visible, attached to posterior end of macronucleus (Fig. 21 O, S). Micronucleus ellipsoidal, about 5.1 µm across. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 60 % of cell length. Dorsal kineties almost straight in protargol preparations (Fig. 21 R). Free right sutural kinetofragments present (Fig. 21 P). Adoral zone extends about 44 % of cell length on average, composed of an average of 26 membranelles (range 23 – 28). Regarding measured characteristics (Supporting Information, Table S 24), our population is slightly broader than that ofKidder (1937) (L / W 2.8 in vivo, 3.4 in protargol preparations vs. 3.8).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3191AFFA6FEF5FA8395A1F9D0.taxon	description	(Fig. 21 A – C, G – I; Supporting Information, Table S 23) Rhynchoclevelandella sp. 2 was detected and morphologically characterized in a single host population (ASS), with a very low abundance — no more than 10 individuals in a single host. Rhynchoclenelandella sp. 2 is morphologically very similar to R. nipponensis, albeit a bit smaller: 73 (excluding one unusually large individual) vs. 82 µm in vivo and 56 vs. 65 µm in protargol preparations with larger micronucleus (7 × 4.8 vs. 5.5 × 3 µm). A single gargantuan cell (146 × 58 µm) was seen (Fig. 21 A) and molecularly characterized.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3191BFFA7FF35F88B96CDF862.taxon	description	Paraclevelandia brevis and Paraclevelandia simplex as described by Kidder (1937) represent two forms of a single species (see Discussion), Paraclevelandia brevis. For simplicity the two morphotypes are hereafter called ‘ brevis’ and ‘ simplex’ forms.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3191BFFA5FC64F88B9075FA93.taxon	description	(Figs 23 A – G, 24 A, B, D, E; Supporting Information, Tables S 25 – S 29) When present, the ‘ brevis’ form was highly abundant. Description based on ASS, PAA, PAC, PRG, STH in vivo, and PRG and STH in protargol preparation: Small Clevelandellidae (on average 44 × 28 µm in vivo, range 34 – 58 × 21 – 48 µm; on average 34 × 21 in protargol preparations, range 26 – 47 × 15 – 28 µm). Broadly ovate, slightly dorsoventrally flattened, anterior end tapers to rounded point, posterior end transversely truncate. Posterior peristomial projection absent. Peristomial overture on left posterior margin of cell. Macronucleus elongated ellipsoidal, chromatin coarsely granular. Micronucleus ellipsoidal, relatively large (4 – 6 µm across), dorsal to macronucleus (Fig. 23 D). Karyophore not detected. A sack-like structure formed between anterior margin of macronucleus and anterior end of cell as reported by Kidder (1937, 1938), not evident in protargol preparations (Fig. 23 A). Cortex with refractile interkinetal granules, probably mucocysts (Fig. 23 B). Somatic kineties strongly spiralled leftward (Fig. 24 B). Somatic cilia absent on right, ventral, left parts of posterior cortex (Fig. 24 A, B, E), extend to posterior cell margin dorsally. Kinetal furrows prominent. Two ciliated circumperistomial kineties. About 10 ciliated kinetofragments in midportion of right suture, increase in length from posterior to anterior (Figs 23 E, F, 24 B, D). Organization of oral ciliature as for the family except, in absence of peristomial projection, oral structures are situated in body proper (Fig. 23 A, B, D, H, J). Adoral zone narrows from posterior to anterior, extends about 50 % of cell length on average, composed of an average of 15 membranelles (range 14 – 17).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31919FFA8FC6FFAE496CFFA19.taxon	description	(Figs 23 H – P, 24 C, F; Supporting Information, Tables S 30 – S 33) When present, the simplex form was present in low to moderate abundance. Description based on ASS, PAA and STH in vivo, andPAA, STH, and SRU in protargol preparations: Medium-sized Clevelandellidae (on average 84 × 47 µm in vivo, range 70 – 101 × 38 – 58 µm; on average 76 × 45 in protargol preparations, range 61 – 98 × 37 – 53 µm). Ovate to almost broadly fusiform, anterior end tapers to rounded point, posterior end broadly rounded, peristomial projection absent as in ‘ brevis’ form; distinct left lobe absent. Macronucleus elongated, cylindrical, situated longitudinally in anterior half of cell near right cell margin. Micronucleus oval, near midportion of macronucleus, smaller compared to brevis form (3.4 vs. 5.3 µm). A sack-like structure formed between anterior margin of macronucleus and anterior end of cell as reported by Kidder (1937, 1938), visible both in vivo (Fig. 23 H, I) and protargol preparations (Fig. 23 J). Karyophore inconspicuous, not visible in vivo, sometimes visible in protargol preparations (Fig. 23 J, O), attached to both anterior and posterior end of macronucleus. Cortex with refractile interkinetal granules, probably mucocysts (Fig. 23 I). Somatic ciliature in same pattern and distribution as ‘ brevis’ form. Kinetal furrows conspicuous. Up to 20 free kinetofragments in right suture (Fig. 23 K, P). Organization of oral ciliature as for the family with same exceptions as ‘ brevis’ form. Adoral zone narrows from posterior to anterior, extends about 50 % of cell length on average, composed of an average of 28 membranelles (range 25 – 32).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31914FFAFFEC8FA579690FD84.taxon	description	(Figs 25 – 27; Supporting Information, Table S 34) Clevelandella elongata was detected and morphologically characterized in one population (SRU). When present, C. elongata was moderately abundant (20 – 30 cells per host) with the other ciliate species being more abundant. Description based on SRU population: Largest member of Clevelandellidae (on average 285 × 54 µm in vivo, range 245 – 321 × 43 – 71 µm; on average 220 × 61 µm in protargol preparations, range 184 – 259 × 43 – 75 µm). Elongated, almost vermiform in vivo, slightly dorsoventrally flattened, anterior end bluntly pointed, posterior end truncate and slightly flared, ventral margin convex, dorsal margin concave (Figs 25 C, 27 C). Cells shrink asymmetrically in protargol preparations (see Supporting Information, Table S 50) and long axis straightens compared with more sinuous living specimens. Peristomial projection merges gradually with body proper hampering precise length measurement but, on average 20 % of cell length (range 14 – 23 %). Macronucleus broadly lenticular, situated slightly obliquely in anterior half of cell, large relative to cell (on average 51 × 24 µm), karyophore at anterior and posterior ends of macronucleus, usually distinct in vivo and in protargol preparations but sometimes indiscernible. Micronucleus large, globular (on average 7 µm diameter), adjacent to anterior end of macronucleus. Somatic cilia arranged in very closely spaced kineties, somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 50 % of cell, usually a short ‘ tail’ of ciliated cortex extends posteriorly (Fig. 27 A, B, D). Right sutural kinetofragments absent. Circumperistomial kineties very densely ciliated (Fig. 27 A, B, D, E). Adoral zone extends about 45 % of cell length on average, composed of an average of 94 membranelles (range 75 – 120). POM diplostichomonad only in anterior quarter (Fig. 26 A, E).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31914FFAFFEC8FA579690FD84.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Individuals of our population were longer and distinctly more slender in vivo than indicated by Kidder’s diagnosis for the species. Kidder (1937) did not specify whether his diagnosis for C. elongata was based on measurements from in vivo observations or fixed material, although the latter possibility seems most plausible given the technology available at that time.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31913FFAFFF1BFA3491A0FD81.taxon	description	(Figs 30, 31; Supporting Information, Tables S 41, S 42) One population (ASS) was morphologically characterized by both in vivo observations and in protargol preparations and one (PA) only in vivo. The ciliate was moderately to highly abundant. Description based on ASS and PA populations: Medium-sized Clevelandella (on average 128 × 58 µm in vivo, range 101 – 168 × 44 – 72 µm; on average 94 × 50 µm in protargol preparations, range 84 – 107 × 42 – 59 µm). Spade-shaped, peristomial projection about 32 % of body length, conspicuous left-sided notch at junction of peristomial projection and body proper, left lobe well developed. Macronucleus inverted teardrop-shape with finely granular chromatin, obliquely oriented, situated right of midline in anterior half of body proper. Karyophore at posterior end of macronucleus, visible inconsistently (Fig. 30 E). Micronucleus globular near anterior margin of macronucleus. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 60 % of cell. Right sutural kinetofragments probably developed (Fig. 30 C), but better oriented and stained cells would be needed to know for sure. Adoral zone extends about 58 % of cell length on average, composed of an average of 47 membranelles (range 45 – 49). POM as described for the family (Fig. 30 D).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31913FFAFFC6BFDD890F8FAE7.taxon	description	(Figs 32 – 34; Supporting Information, Tables S 43 – S 47; Video S 1) Three populations (ASS, PAA, and STH) were morphologically characterized by both in vivo observations and in protargol preparations and two (PAC and PT) only in vivo. When present, the ciliate was highly abundant. Description based on ASS, PAA, STH, PAC, and PT populations: Large-sized Clevelandella (on average 133 × 62 µm in vivo, range 109 – 168 × 43 – 84 µm; on average 114 × 56 µm in protargol preparations, range 93 – 157 × 39 – 89 µm). Broadly spade-shaped, distinct left-sided notch inconspicuous (Figs 32 A, 34 D, E) or absent (Figs 32 B – E, 34 A, B). Macronucleus relatively large, slender, inverted teardrop-shape, obliquely oriented in right half of body proper, chromatin finely granular, karyophore not clearly identified in vivo or in protargol preparations. Micronucleus ellipsoidal (about 4.5 × 2 µm). Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 60 % of cell. Right sutural kinetofragments absent. Circumperistomial kineties only sparsely ciliated (Figs 32 A, 34 B). Adoral zone extends about 60 % of cell length on average, composed of an average of 47 membranelles (range 42 – 52). Paroral membrane not studied.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31913FFAFFF1BFDDF96BFFA2D.taxon	description	(Figs 28, 29; Supporting Information, Tables S 35 – S 40) Four populations (ASS, PGW, PAC, and MP) were morphologically characterized by both in vivo observations and in protargol preparations and two (PT and STH) only in vivo. The ciliate was moderately to highly abundant. Description based on ASS, PGW, PAC, and MP populations: Medium-sized Clevelandella (on average 99 × 55 µm in vivo, range 66 – 119 × 31 – 71 µm; on average 86 × 46 µm in protargol preparations, range 70 – 114 × 33 – 56 µm). Spade-shaped with distinct left notch and protrusive left lobe; peristomial projection short, broad, about 24 % of body length. Macronucleus from slender inverted teardrop-shape (Fig. 28 A, G, H) to scimitar-like (Fig. 28 C, E, F), obliquely oriented, situated right of midline, posterior end extends into posterior part of body proper, karyophore at posterior end of macronucleus, visible only inconsistently in vivo and in protargol preparations. In MP population cells with S-like (Fig. 28 B) macronucleus (as well as normal teardrop-shaped) were observed. Micronucleus ellipsoidal, inconspicuous. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 67 % of cell. About 10 obliquely oriented, free right sutural kinetofragments in the right suture (Fig. 28 D). Adoral zone extends about 56 % of cell length on average, composed of an average of 38 membranelles (range 35 – 42). POM diplostichomonad only in anterior quarter (Fig. 28 F).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31913FF93FBD8FAF897C3FEFB.taxon	description	Clevelandella sp. 4 was detected in both dissected STR hosts in which it was highly abundant. Description based on STR population: Large-sized Clevelandella (in vivo on average 152 v 20 × 63 v 10 µm, range 127 – 185 µm, N = 9), spade-shaped, and dorsoventrally flattened. Left cell margin conspicuously notched at the base of peristomial projection, the lobe does not overhang the peristomial projection. The peristomial projection constituted approx. one-third to onequarter of cell length. Morphological analyses of cells A NMDS (non-parametric multi-dimensional scaling) analysis of 455 morphologically characterized protargol-stained cells showed a significant grouping of cells based on their affiliation to particular species (Fig. 35). Two clusters were clearly separated along the first NMDS axis, based on the presence / absence of the peristomial projection. The first cluster consisted of Anteclevelandella constricta, C. klobasa, P. brevis in ‘ brevis’ form and P. brevis in ‘ simplex’ form; the second cluster contained remaining species. The second NMDS axis was related to peristomial projection length, macronucleus length, and body width (variable scores - 0.054, 0.047, and 0.040, respectively). The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) resulted in the model accuracy of 0.892, meaning that 89.2 % of the cells were correctly assigned to the appropriate species based on the morphological traits only. The mean accuracy for all the species was 85 %. According to the classification matrix (Supporting Information, Table S 49), the lowest correct discrimination levels were recovered in Rhynchoclevelandella sp. 2 (14.3 %) and C. kidderi (55.6 %). The mean shrinking during protargol preparations for all Clevelandellidae species combined is 18.6 v 7.4 % for length and 16.6 v 10.9 % for width. However, close observation on shrinking of individual species (Supporting Information, Table S 50) uncovered the striking difference among species, with length shrinkage ranging from 4.2 % in R. hastula to 29.2 % in the long morph of C. hromadkai and width shrinkage ranging from 1.1 % in C. fryntai to 31.9 % in the long morph of C. hromadkai. In addition, there is an apparent disparity between shrinkage of the cell length and cell width in some species. The most notable example is C. elongata, whose length decreases in protargol preparations by 22.9 %, but its width increases by 12.5 %. The GLM model revealed the significant effect of species (F 16,840 = 361.26, P <0.001), cell condition (F 1,840 = 343.92, P <0.001), and their interaction (F 16,840 = 4.5, P <0.001) on the cell length. The effect of species (F 16,827 = 143.98, P <0.001), cell condition (F 1,827 = 232.94, P <0.001), and their interaction (F 16,827 = 4.85, P <0.001) on the cell width were also significant. As shrinkage is calculated directly from the cell measurements (i. e. cell length and width), the GLM model clearly indicates that the rate of shrinkage differs among species considerably. RMA regression did not reveal significant relationship between shrinkage and cell size either in length (R 2 = 0.036, P = 0.466) or width (R 2 = 0.143, P = 0.133). Nevertheless, a weak positive relationship between shrinkage and cell length (Supporting Information, Fig. S 6) and a weak negative relationship between shrinkage and cell width (Supporting Information, Fig. S 7) was found.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9CFCB7FD2B90C5FB81.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Body elongate and nearly cylindrical, only slightly flattened dorsoventrally, constricted in the region of macronucleus. Macronucleus evenly ovoid, its long axis parallel to the transverse axis of the body. Peristomial projection inconspicuous, merges gradually with body proper.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9CFCB7FD2B90C5FB81.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Clevelandia constricta Kidder, 1937.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9CFC07FAB297D0F92A.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis: Body broadly spade-shaped to elongate curved elliptical with posterior peristomial projection.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9CFC07FAB297D0F92A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Clevelandia panesthiae Kidder, 1937.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9CFF34F8F597E6FD33.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Small to large Armophorea with posteriorized oral structures. Adoral zone of membranelles on right and paroral membrane on left side of peristomium. Somatic ciliature hemitrichous (possibly except in Metaclevelandella). Excretion via an internal ciliated excretory antrum.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9CFF34F8F597E6FD33.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus: Clevelandella Kidder, 1938.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9CFF34F8F597E6FD33.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Although Metaclevelandella termitis, not reported since its original description, was described as holotrichously ciliated, the possibility that incomplete ciliation was overlooked (as was the case in Kidder’s descriptions of Clevelandellida) cannot be excluded. This question can only be resolved by a thorough redescription.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9DFC1CF932962FFE4E.taxon	description	ZooBank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 693 D 96 F 5 - 0 E 81 - 4648 - BE 2 B-F 5 AC 52 FD 31 CB.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9DFC1CF932962FFE4E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Spade-shaped, dorsoventrally flattened Clevelandella with average length in protargol preparations 55 µm, mean 23 adoral membranelles, posterior protrusion of left lobe of anterior body part overhanging no more than one-fifth of peristomial projection, and with teardrop-shaped or ellipsoidal macronucleus.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9DFC1CF932962FFE4E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named in honour of Mr Ananias Kamam, our collaborator from Papua New Guinea.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31920FF9DFC1CF932962FFE4E.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Papua New Guinea, Wanang 3, S 5.228, E 145.080. Type host: Ancaudellia serratissima serratissima (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865). Type material: A protargol-impregnated holotype cell (Fig. 4 D, E) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number P 6 E 5431.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEECFD96966BFB1F.taxon	description	ZooBank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E 84 B 29 E 8 - A 18 E- 44 E 3 - 92 E 3 - 663958980 E 9 D.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEECFD96966BFB1F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Spade-shaped, dorsoventrally flattened Clevelandella with average length in protargol preparations 143 µm, mean 65 adoral membranelles, and with teardrop-shaped or lenticular macronucleus.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEECFD96966BFB1F.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named in honour of eccentric zoologist and ethologist Prof. Daniel Frynta who provided the material.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEECFD96966BFB1F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Cambodia, near Mondulkiri province, N 12.383, E 107.176. Type host: Salganea rugulata Saussure, 1895. Type material: A protargol-impregnated holotype cell (Fig. 17 H – J) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number P 6 E 5460.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEC5FB46962FF8F6.taxon	description	ZooBank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: EB 15 F 99 F-FD 7 D- 49 F 0 - 9 F 63 - 6771 F 3697429.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEC5FB46962FF8F6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Dorsoventrally not flattened Clevelandella of cultriform shape, body proper curved in dorsal direction, with prominent left lobe and peristomial projection merging gradually with body proper. Average length in protargol preparations 127 µm in short form and 215 µm in long form.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEC5FB46962FF8F6.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named in honour of remarkable Czech cockroach enthusiast Mr Jiří Hromádka.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEC5FB46962FF8F6.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Papua New Guinea, Wanang 3, N 5.228, E 145.080. Type host: Ancaudellia serratissima serratissima (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865). Type material: A protargol-impregnated holotype cell (Fig. 9 D) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number P 6 E 5364.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEEAF8E19097FD36.taxon	description	ZooBank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: CC 02115 A- 273 A- 43 BA- 9 BCB- 4 F 6783939788.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEEAF8E19097FD36.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Dorsoventrally flattened Clevelandella, broadly lanceolate, peristomial projection inconspicuous, peristomial opening broad. Macronucleus sausage-shaped. Average length in protargol preparations 170 µm.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEEAF8E19097FD36.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species epithet is from klobása (n., feminine gender), the Czech word for sausage, referring to the sausage-shaped macronucleus.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFEEAF8E19097FD36.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Papua New Guinea, Wanang 3, N 5.228, E 145.080. Type host: Salganea ternatensis hirsuta Roth, 1979. Type material: A protargol-impregnated holotype cell (Fig. 13 D) marked by a black arrow on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number P 6 E 5380.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFC2AFD219097FAE6.taxon	description	ZooBank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 72561759 - FBB 1 - 4007 - AF 97 - 39630 E 48 C 436.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFC2AFD219097FAE6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Spade-shaped, dorsoventrally flattened Clevelandella with average length in protargol preparations 69 µm, mean 31 adoral membranelles, posterior protrusion of left lobe of anterior body part overhanging up to one-third of peristomial projection, and with teardrop-shaped or ellipsoidal macronucleus.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFC2AFD219097FAE6.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named in honour of Mr Philip Komong, our collaborator from Papua New Guinea.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFC2AFD219097FAE6.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Papua New Guinea, Wanang 3, N 5.228, E 145.080. Type host: Salganea ternatensis hirsuta Roth, 1979. Type material: A protargol-impregnated holotype cell (Fig. 7 C, D) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number P 6 E 5381.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFC25FAF19097F86C.taxon	description	ZooBank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 312386 D 2 - BE 75 - 45 F 2 - AEE 7 - E 24 D 28 C 77719.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFC25FAF19097F86C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Dorsoventrally flattened Clevelandella with average length in protargol preparations 142 µm, mean 52 adoral membranelles, broad, inverted teardrop-shaped macronucleus, and entirely diplostichomonad POM.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFC25FAF19097F86C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named in honour of exceptional terrain entomologist and leader of PNG expedition, Dr Petr ‘ Sidi’ Stiblík.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B31921FF9DFC25FAF19097F86C.taxon	materials_examined	Typelocality: Cambodia, near Mondulkiri NP, N 12.383, E 107.176. Type host: Salganea rugulata Saussure, 1895. Type material: A protargol-impregnated holotype cell (Fig. 15 C) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number P 6 E 5438.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3193EFF82FF0EFC1896D2FB8E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: As in Uttangi and Desai (1963).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3193EFF82FF0EFC1896D2FB8E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Metaclevelandella termitis Uttangi and Desai, 1963.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3193EFF82FEC2FDF3964BFCB8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: As in Kidder (1937).	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3193EFF82FEC2FDF3964BFCB8.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3193EFF82FF7AFBD69497FA48.taxon	diagnosis	Amended diagnosis: Clevelandellidae with slender, spade-shaped cells (L / W ratio> 2), more closely related to R. hastula than to Anteclevelandella constricta, C. panesthiae, and Paraclevelandia brevis.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
EA5087B3193EFF82FF7AFBD69497FA48.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Clevelandia hastula Kidder, 1937.	en	Kotyk, Michael, Bourland, William A., Soviš, Matyáš, Méndez-Sánchez, Daniel, Škaloud, Pavel, Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková, Čepička, Ivan (2024): Morphology maưers: congruence of morphology and phylogeny in the integrative taxonomy of Clevelandellidae (Ciliophora: Armophorea) with description of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154
