taxonID	type	description	language	source
EA7A8799FF81FFB3FCC9FF1C47E0FC8B.taxon	description	However, Ruibal (1952) supported the distinctness of the two forms based on his limited data. Although I was not able to examine P. s. albostrigatus, most of the P. quadrilineatus that I examined were females, in contrast to the sex of those specimens examined by Ruibal (1952). I was therefore able to compare the original description of Prionodactylus albostrigatus and the comments of Ruibal (1952) concerning his female specimens with the mostly female specimens of P. quadrilineatus that I examined; many differences were found (Table 2). The differences are great enough to convince me that P. s. albostrigatus is closely related to P. schreibersii and only distantly related to P. quadrilineatus. This conclusion is supported by the molecular analysis of Pellegrino et al. (2001) in which P. s. albostrigatus and P. s. schreibersii were sister taxa, whereas P. quadrilineatus did not form a clade with either species. Ruibal (1952) treated P. s. parkeri as a subspecies comprising the western populations of P. schreibersii from Peru, Bolivia and extreme western Brazil. The known range was later extended to north-west Argentina (Viñas & Daneri, 1991). A recent study by Tedesco & Cei (1999) utilized osteological characters to determine if the two Argentinean forms, P. s. parkeri and P. s. schreibersii, merited species status. Their study revealed several osteological characters that distinguished the two forms. Therefore, Tedesco & Cei (1999) raised both P. s. schreibersii and P. s. parkeri to species status. Tedesco & Cei (1999) did not examine any specimens of P. s. albostrigatus, nor did they mention what status that subspecies might have. From the available data (based on the 61 characters that I examined and published information), P. s. albostrigatus appears to be quite similar to P. s. schreibersii and less similar to P. s. parkeri. Therefore, I tentatively consider P. s. albostrigatus to be a subspecies of P. schreibersii, whereas P. parkeri should retain the specific status granted by Tedesco & Cei (1999).	en	Doan, Tiffany M. (2003): A new phylogenetic classification for the gymnophthalmid genera Cercosaura, Pantodactylus and Prionodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (1): 101-115, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x
EA7A8799FF86FFB3FC38FC6640FDF9E8.taxon	description	Euspondylus champsonatus: Burt & Burt (part), 1931: 335.	en	Doan, Tiffany M. (2003): A new phylogenetic classification for the gymnophthalmid genera Cercosaura, Pantodactylus and Prionodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (1): 101-115, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x
EA7A8799FF86FFB2FC2BF98440AFFA34.taxon	description	Upon examination of specimens for this study I could not distinguish between the species using the characters designated by Avila-Pires (1995) because the defining characters did not appear to be correlated with each other. Therefore, I chose one of those characters, lateral scale size, to name individuals. Avila- Pires (1995) states that P. argulus has lateral scales that are moderately smaller than the dorsals, whereas P. oshaughnessyi has lateral scales that are distinctly smaller than the dorsals. Although this character could appear to be subjective, it was actually obvious as to which lateral scale condition the specimen possessed. Therefore, in all subsequent analyses I grouped the specimens based on this character. Of the nine characters of Avila-Pires (1995), seven were examined in this study: lateral scale size, number of femoral pores in males and females, presence of preanal pores, number of scales in a transverse ventral row between pores, transverse rows of ventrals, and transverse rows of dorsals. Of the other two characters, scales around midbody is too variable to be reliable (because an exact scale position for counting was not stated) and tail / snout-vent length ratio was not possible due to the fact that most specimens did not have complete, original tails. To determine if Avila- Pires’s (1995) characters in fact may be used to differentiate between species, I constructed a correlation matrix of five of the Avila-Pires characters for which I had data for 23 individuals (Table 3). If these characters serve to diagnose the two species, each of the characters should correlate strongly with one another. This was not the case - only number of ventral scale rows and presence of preanal pores were moderately negatively correlated with each other (R = - 0.65235). None of the other characters displayed high correlation with any other. To simultaneously examine multiple characters, a principal components analysis (PCA) was performed. The analysis utilized 49 characters, including seven of those used by Avila-Pires (1995), to determine if distinct groups were obvious from the data. As can be seen in Fig. 1, no real structure is apparent and there appears to be intergradation between the two putative species. A cluster analysis of 55 characters showed the same pattern of no separation of species based on morphology (Fig. 2). Specimens did not convincingly cluster by species or by geographical location. Thus, each analysis suggests that P. argulus represents only one species, with P. oshaughnessyi being a junior synonym (in agreement with Uzzell, 1973). Although specimens did not cluster by species, the cluster analysis suggested a possible geographical trend (Fig. 2), potentially representing clinal variation within the species. In order to examine this, I conducted a multiple regression of the five Avila-Pires (1995) characters on latitude. This type of analysis is possible because the specimens represented here occur almost in a linear distribution, following the eastern Andean foothills in a north – south direction. The regression was significant (R = 0.87616; F = 9.2511; P = 0.00046). This implies significant clinal variation in the five characters, which further refutes the recognition of two separate taxa (Endler, 1977). Even though specimens from the entire geographical range of the species were not examined, the specimens examined for this study did cover the entire range of character variation as those examined by Avila-Pires (1995). Thus, the variation found by Avila-Pires (1995) appears to have been clinal in nature and not due to distinct species.	en	Doan, Tiffany M. (2003): A new phylogenetic classification for the gymnophthalmid genera Cercosaura, Pantodactylus and Prionodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (1): 101-115, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x
EA7A8799FF84FFB0FCC7F92A4160FB67.taxon	description	139.	en	Doan, Tiffany M. (2003): A new phylogenetic classification for the gymnophthalmid genera Cercosaura, Pantodactylus and Prionodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (1): 101-115, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x
EA7A8799FF84FFB0FCC7F92A4160FB67.taxon	description	The status of P. goeleti remains in question with alternating publications of Myers & Donnelly (1996, 2001) and Gorzula & Señaris (1998). I was unable to examine specimens assigned to P. goeleti and only consider P. phelpsorum for this study.	en	Doan, Tiffany M. (2003): A new phylogenetic classification for the gymnophthalmid genera Cercosaura, Pantodactylus and Prionodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (1): 101-115, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x
EA7A8799FF8AFFBEFC02FE474793F910.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cercosaura differs from other genera of the Cercosaurini (sensu Pellegrino et al., 2001) in the following characters (condition for Cercosaura in parentheses): Anadia and Opipeuter: smooth dorsal scales (keeled); Bachia: diminunitive limbs (fully developed); Echinosaura, Neusticurus, and Teuchocercus: dorsal scalation heterogeneous (homogeneous); Euspondylus: postorbital bone expanded into supratemporal fenestra (no expansion); Macropholidus: medial two dorsal scale rows greatly enlarged (not enlarged); Pholidobolus: tympanum deeply recessed (slightly recessed); Placosoma: femoral pores in a continuous series from one thigh to another (distinct femoral and preanal pores, if present); Proctoporus: prefrontal scales absent (present); Ptychoglossus and Riolama: lingual papillae plicate anteriorly (scale-like anteriorly). Content. The genus Cercosaura, as currently recognized, contains 11 species and seven subspecies (see Table 4). Distribution. The genus Cercosaura occurs in 12 of 13 countries in South America (absent from Chile) and in one Central American country (Panama), ranging from temperate Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay in the south, through Amazonian Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia, the western slope of the Andes in northern Peru and Ecuador, the Chocó region of Colombia and Panama, and in the Guianan Shield region of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and north-central Brazil (Ruibal, 1952; Uzzell, 1973; Avila-Pires, 1995). The elevational distribution of the genus is known to extend from 100 m to at least 2500 m (Ruibal, 1952; Uzzell, 1973).	en	Doan, Tiffany M. (2003): A new phylogenetic classification for the gymnophthalmid genera Cercosaura, Pantodactylus and Prionodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 137 (1): 101-115, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00043.x
