taxonID	type	description	language	source
3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Clinanthus milagroanthus is most closely related to Clinanthus mirabilis (Ravenna) Meerow (Fig. 3 A) by the white color and morphology of the staminal cup, in which the free portions of the filaments are slightly incurved and inserted at the sinus between the cup lobes. Both of these species have affinity with Clinanthus viridiflorus (R. & P.) Meerow (Fig. 3 B-C). All three species have grayish-green glaucous leaves, particularly large apicula at the apex of the outer tepals, and large anthers relative to other species of the genus. These species form a distinct clade in the genus based on ribosomal DNA sequences with close relationship to the genus Paramongaia Velarde (Fig. 3 D; Meerow et al. 2000; Ravenna 1988; unpubl. data). All three species have glaucous, gray-green leaves. The perigone of Clinanthus viridiflorus is entirely green (Fig. 3 B-C); that of Clinanthus mirabilis is deep green except for the orange-red limb (Fig. 3 A). Our new species has the widest leaves in the complex and bears the showiest flowers, most notably by the sharp constrast between the white staminal cup and the bright red tepals. It can be distinguished from Clinanthus mirabilis, to which it bears closest resemblance, by the much more brightly colored and wide spreading limb, and the much lighter colored perigone tube (yellowish green vs. dark green in Clinanthus mirabilis). The conspicuous bulge just proximal to the midpoint of the tube is a unique character of the new species.	en	Leiva, Segundo, Meerow, Alan W. (2016): A new species of Clinanthus from northern Peru (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Clinantheae). PhytoKeys 63: 99-106, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895
3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83.taxon	materials_examined	Type. PERU. Dpto. La Libertad, Prov. Otuzco, Distrito Salpo, above Murane (on the Salpo-Pagash road), 8 ° 1 ' 16.5 " S, 78 ° 33 ' 16.2 " W, 2827 m elevation, 22 Mar 2015, S. Leiva & M. Leiva 5795 (HOLOTYPE: HAO; ISOTYPE: F)	en	Leiva, Segundo, Meerow, Alan W. (2016): A new species of Clinanthus from northern Peru (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Clinantheae). PhytoKeys 63: 99-106, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895
3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83.taxon	description	Description. Geophytic herb from tunicate bulbs, 60 - 80 cm tall, with numerous creamy-white roots (brown where stained by the humic substrate), 25 - 35 cm long. Bulbs long conical or tapered, 9 - 10 cm long and 6.5 - 7 cm in diameter, with a papery brown to black tunic, white below. Leaves distichous, sessile, lorate, erect or slightly reflexed towards the abaxial surface, succulent, dark green on adaxial surface, light green on abaxial, glabrous, acute at apex, slightly cuneate at the base, slightly revolute at the margins, caniculate along the midrib adaxially, midrib prominent abaxially, (57 -) 65 - 68 cm long by 5.5 - 5.7 cm wide. Inflorescences with 5 flowers arranged in pseudoumbels, scape ancipitous, elliptical in cross section, dull yellowish-green, succulent, solid, 35 - 36 cm long by 1.4 - 1.5 cm diameter; spathe bracts membranous, two, creamy or slightly yellowish, glabrous, eventually marcescent, surrounding the base of the flowers; pedicels slightly wider proximally, yellowish-green, succulent, glabrous, 2 - edged, slightly curved towards the abaxial surface, 1 - 1.3 cm long by 0.4 - 0.5 cm in diameter. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, trimerous; perigone infundibular, succulent, 7 - 7.2 cm long, the tepals fused into a tube for 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the perigone length; tube RHS Green 143 C green proximally, darkening in the inflated portion, then becoming Yellow-Green 145 B to almost white at the throat, cylindrical for the proximal 1.2 - 1.5 cm and 2.5 - 3 mm diam., gradually dilated to 5 mm for the next 1 - 1.3 cm, then abruptly inflated to ca. 7 mm diam for ca. 1.3 cm, constricting distally to ca. 5 mm diam, the final 2 cm portion of the tube with 6 longitudinal channels; limb of six tepals in two series, spreading to 3.4 - 4.0 cm at anthesis at ca. 45 ° angle from the throat; outer tepals narrowly oblong, intensely red (RHS Red Group 40 A to 40 B) on both surfaces, with a conspicuous white, papillate apiculum at apex, glabrous on both surfaces, succulent, distinctly ribbed, 2.5 - 2.6 cm long by 1 - 1.2 cm wide; inner tepals broadly elliptic, same color and surface attributes as outer, obtuse at apex with a minute white apiculum, 2.2 - 2.3 cm long by 1.4 - 1.5 cm wide. Stamens six, connate proximally into a short, externally white 6 - lobed staminal corona, stained yellowish-green internally towards the base, 5 - 6 mm long and 1.3 - 1.4 cm diam, the lobes deltoid with a mucronate apex, each 5 - 6 mm long and 5 - 6 mm wide; free portion of stamens filiform, inserted at the sinus between each lobe of the corona, incurved, white, 8 - 9 mm long; anthers narrowly oblong, sagittate at the base, introrse, 17 - 18 mm long and 2 - 2.1 mm wide, pollen bright yellow. Style exserted, filiform, creamy white, with translucent papillae distally, 80 - 83 mm long; stigma 3 - lobed, white to slightly yellow, 1.5 - 1.6 mm wide. Ovary inferior, turbinate, 3 - locular, 15 - 18 mm long, 6 - 7 mm wide; ovules numerous, superposed in two vertical rows in each locule. Capsule tricoccous, green when young, becoming glaucous with age, 2.4 - 2.6 cm high 3.5 - 4 cm wide, loculicidally dehiscent; seeds 100 - 105, flattened, slightly polyhedral, narrowly winged on the edges, covered with a lustrous, brittle, black phytomelanous testa, 17 to 18 mm long, 7 to 7.3 mm wide.	en	Leiva, Segundo, Meerow, Alan W. (2016): A new species of Clinanthus from northern Peru (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Clinantheae). PhytoKeys 63: 99-106, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895
3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Clinanthus milagroanthus is only known from the local area of the type collection where it is moderately abundant. Despite having searched the surrounding area, it has so far been limited to the area of Muraene along the Salpo-Pagash road in the Department of La Libertad, Prov. Otuzco, District Salpo, ca. 8 ° 01 ' 16.4 " S and 78 ° 33 ' 16.2 " W, at 2824 m elevation, as a member of the grass and shrub vegetation on the edges of the road, preferring moist, black organic soil among rocks. Some associated species include Escallonia micrantha Mattf. (Escalloniaceae), Bidens triplinervia Kunth (Asteraceae), Austrocyndropuntia subulata subsp. exaltata (A. Berger) D. R. Hunt (Cactaceae), Vicia andicola Kunth (Fabaceae), Puya casmichensis L. B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae), Begonia geraniifolia Hook. (Begoniaceae), Passiflora peduncularis Cav. (Passifloraceae), and unidentifed Smallanthu s Mack., Verbesina L. (Asteraceae), Solanum L. (Solanaceae), Lupinus L. (Fabaceae). Clinanthus milagroanthus flowers with the first rains in November or December, continuing through fruit maturation until March or April.	en	Leiva, Segundo, Meerow, Alan W. (2016): A new species of Clinanthus from northern Peru (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Clinantheae). PhytoKeys 63: 99-106, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895
3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet honors Ms. Milagros Leiva Salinas, a student of Human Medicine, who has been studying the phytochemistry of Peruvian genera of Amaryllidaceae.	en	Leiva, Segundo, Meerow, Alan W. (2016): A new species of Clinanthus from northern Peru (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Clinantheae). PhytoKeys 63: 99-106, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895
3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. PERU. Dpto. La Libertad, Prov. Otuzco, Dist. Salpo, arriba del Murane (ruta Salpo-Pagash), 8 ° 01 ' 16.4 " S and 78 ° 33 ' 16.2 " W, 2824 m, 1 Apr 2013, S. Leiva & M. Leiva 5443 (HAO)	en	Leiva, Segundo, Meerow, Alan W. (2016): A new species of Clinanthus from northern Peru (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Clinantheae). PhytoKeys 63: 99-106, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895
