taxonID	type	description	language	source
E84487F03A459B3CFF5D5E29FC34C2AD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Paspalum pectinatum Nees von Esenbeck ex Trinius (1828: 117). Perennial, occasionally annual, caespitose or rhizomatous. Culms compressed, erect or decumbent, simple to branched, frequently glabrous, nodes pilose, occasionally geniculate. Sheaths laterally compressed, conduplicate, glabrous or vestite. Ligules membranous, narrowly ovate, triangular or occasionally spatulate, pseudoligule absent. Blades linear to lanceolate, flat or conduplicate, sometimes with involute margins, subrigid to rigid, glabrous or vestite. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes axillary inflorescences present, (1 –) 2 – numerous spiciform racemes, unilateral, subdigitate or conjugate (when two). Rachis triangular, flat, linear to slightly sinuous, winged, wings membranous and brown at maturity, glabrous, scabrous, sparsely pilose to papillose-pilose, ciliate, ending in a naked point and terminal spikelets absent. Spikelets ovate, lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, dorsiventrally compressed, occasionally awned, shortly pedicellate, solitary, arranged in two series in the rachis, sometimes paired with the secondary spikelet rudimentary; lower glume absent; upper glume inserted above the articulation spikelet – pedicel; upper glume and lower lemma membranous subequal or slightly larger than the upper anthecium, the apex acute to obtuse, surface opaque or shiny, glabrous or vestite, ciliate, 3 – 7 - nerved, the nerves conspicuous, midnerve present; upper anthecium sessile; lower palea absent; upper lemma and upper palea indurate, subequal, upper palea not enclosed by the margins of the upper lemma, surface minutely papillose, opaque or shiny, pale yellow, glabrous or with a tuft of trichomes at the apex of the upper lemma; lodicules 2; stamens 3; styles 2, free; stigmas plumose. Caryopsis obovate or oblong, embryo ⅓ to ½ of caryopsis length, hilum elliptic, obovate or punctiform. Chromosome numbers 2 n = 20 in P. cordatum (Peñaloza et al. 2008), 2 n = 40 in P. lanciflorum (Peñaloza et al. 2008) and 2 n = 20, 30, 40 in P. pectinatum (Gould & Soderstrom 1967, Davidse & Pohl 1972). Anatomic structure C 4 – Kranz, MS subtype (Brown 1977). The spikelets strongly dorsiventrally flattened, imbricate, and lanceolate in shape, and the upper glume usually winged and cordate are remarkable characteristics of this section that separate it from all other Paspalum species and sections. Section Pectinata shares morphological similarities with the Dissecta group, both having the rachis of the racemes foliaceous and winged, but the latter is distinguished by having glabrous spikelets and upper glume not winged. Despite the morphological similarities between these taxa, the phylogeny (Scataglini et al. 2014) does not indicate a close relationship between section Pectinata and the Dissecta group, nor with the other species of subgenus Ceresia. On the contrary, the two Dissecta species sampled by Scataglini et al. (2014) were segregated into two different poorly supported clades, whereas species of Paspalum sect. Pectinata were strongly related to P. rufum Nees ex Steudel (1853: 26) and P. durifolium Mez (1917: 67), an ungrouped complex (Scataglini et al. 2014). Both P. durifolium and P. rufum are robust caespitose perennials, up to 2 m tall, with sheaths and blades keeled; they differ from species of sect. Pectinata by having a narrow, not winged, rachis, branches of the inflorescence ending in a developed spikelet, and spikelets ellipsoid to long ellipsoid, with the upper glume not winged.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A429B38FF5D5FACFCE4C0A7.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. “ In campis Serra da Chapada ”, G. H. von Langsdorff s. n. (LE 418.2!, isolectotypes LE 418.1!, US 2942148! (fragment ex LE )). Paspalum setiglume Chase in Chase & Swallen (1939: 150). Type: — VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Auyan-tepui, 1100 m, December 1937 – January 1938, G. H. H. Tate 1285 (holotype NY 414243!, isotypes MO 2704419! (fragment ex NY), US 1723623!).	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A429B38FF5D5FACFCE4C0A7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Guyana (Cuyuni-Mazaruni), Venezuela (Amazonas and Bolívar), Colombia (cited by Judziewicz 1990 and Zuloaga et al. 2003), Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and Brazil, from Amazonas and Pará to Paraná, between 100 and 1200 meters (Fig. 2). Paspalum aspidiotes is frequently found in savannas, campos rupestres, open fields, roadsides, rocky outcrops, sandy, rocky and humid soils, and less frequent in margins of humid forests.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A429B38FF5D5FACFCE4C0A7.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Paspalum aspidiotes is a highly polymorphic species, with sheaths and blades ranging from glabrous to densely hirsute, inflorescences 2 – 6 - racemose, and upper glume and lower lemma broadly winged, 5 – 7 - nerved and sometimes awned. When describing P. aspidiotes, Trinius (1830) did not provide any information regarding the type collection in the protologue. Denham et al. (2002) examined a specimen at LE, which holds important sets of plants described by Trinius, and identified it as the holotype, but in fact at LE there are two gatherings of P. aspidiotes made by Langsdorff in Serra da Chapada. The specimen LE 418.2 agrees exactly with the description and is very similar to the illustration in the protologue; we therefore designate this specimen as lectotype of the name P. aspidiotes. The specimen LE 418.1 is an isolectotype, and there are five other possible isolectotypes at LE (6131! and 6132!), B (10 0366192!), K (643578!) and P (697808!); these bear the label information “ in campis siccis et locis petrosis montium Serra da Chapada ” but were collected by Riedel under the number 1048. According to Renvoize (1978), some grass types described by Trinius from materials of Langsdorff may be variously regarded as collected by Langsdorff, Riedel or both. Thus, some specimens from the same set of plants collected by both may have been distributed to the herbaria under their separate names; nevertheless, these specimens correspond to duplicates of the same collection (Renvoize 1978). Specimens examined: — BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Velasco, Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado. Serranía Huanchaca I. N y NE de la pista Noel Kempff M., cerrado abierto, 400 m, 8 May 1994, B. Mostacedo 1862 et al. (MO); Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado. Serranía Huanchaca I. N y NE de la pista Noel Kempff M., cerrado, 360 m, 8 June 1994, B. Mostacedo 2115 et al. (MO); Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, Las Gamas, camino hacia las cataratas, 825 m. s. m., 13 June 1994, E. Gutiérrez 1400 et al. (US). BRAZIL. Amazonas: Barcelos, Serra Araçá, campo a margem da floresta, 3 February 1978, N. A. Rosa 2369 (INPA); Humaitá, Estrada Humaitá – Jacarecangá, km 62, 17 June 1982, L. O. A. Teixeira 1197 (INPA); Transamazônica km 150, sudeste de Humaitá, 4 km leste de Bodocó, savana inundável, 25 October 1993, T. M. Sanaiotti 293 (INPA). Novo Aripuanã, Parque Nacional dos Campos Amazônicos, campo sujo ca. 0, 4 km, a direita da estrada do Estanho, sentido trevo do Bodocó, 0, 5 km antes do trevo, 162 m, 29 July 2013, L. L. Giacomin 1881 et al. (BHCB). No municipality identified: “ Estrada do Estranho ”, road to Igarapé Preto, ca. 60 – 62 km SE of Transamazon Highway, common in “ campos ” or open area of savanna, 3 July 1979, C. E. Calderón 2760 et al. (MO, SI, US); Platô da Serra Araçá, parte SE da Serra Norte, campo rupestre, 1150 – 1250 m. s. m., 21 February 1984, A. S. Tavares 111 et al. (MO); Southern extreme of Northern mountains of Serra Araçá, open rock outcrop on cliff top, 16 February 1984, G. T. Prance 29114 et al. (MO); Platô da Serra Araçá, parte SE da Serra Norte, campo rupestre, 1150 - 1250 m, 21 February 1984, Tavares 111 (MO). Distrito Federal: Brasília, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, brejo na nascente do córrego escondido, 14 June 1988, D. Alvarenga 63 (UEC). Mato Grosso: Diamantino, Serra do Tombador, estrada do Diamantino, campos e várzeas de chapada, March 1918, J. G. Kuhlmann 1671 (RB, US); Em terras indígenas, Campo Novo do Parecis-Sapezal, cerrado, 1 June 2007, F. J. M. Caporal 457 (CGMS). Mato Grosso do Sul: Sidrolândia, Rodovia BR 163, orla de brejo, 27 October 1970, G. Hatschbach 25281 (UEC). Minas Gerais: Poços de Caldas, Campo do Saco, 30 November 1982, H. F. Leitão-Filho 1749 et al. (UEC). Pará: Conceição do Araguaia, Redenção, area of cerrado vegetation about 4 km west of town center along highway PA 150, 200 m. s. m., 20 February 1980, T. C. Plowman 8949 (INPA); Marabá, Serra dos Carajás, caminho para o azul, campo pedregoso, 3 April 1977, M. G. Silva 3024 (NY); Serra dos Carajás, mina norte 1, vegetação rupestre sobre lajeados de ferro, 650 m. s. m., 19 April 1985, N. A. Rosa 4688 & M. F. F. Silva (NY); Parauapebas, campo graminoso sobre canga, 692 m. s. m., 27 March 2012, P. L. Viana 5345 et al. (BHCB). Paraná: without additional data, s. d., G. Hatschbach 12730 (MBM, MO); without additional data, s. d., G. H. von Langsdorff s. n. (MO 211837). Tocantins: Couto Magalhães, 16 km west of Piquizeiro along GO 70, in cerrado savanna, 400 m. s. m., 25 February 1980, T. C. Plowman 9133 (INPA). GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Imbaimadai savanna, upper Mazaruni river, Ayanganna plateau, s. d., Fraser 397 (US). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Atapo, Herbazal tepuyano en Altiplanicie (Cerro-Parú), 1160 m, February 1992, A. Chaviel 450 (MO). Without additional data, 800 m, 3 March 1979, O. Huber 3598 (MO, NY, VEN); without additional data, 710 m, 5 October 1979, O. Huber 4380 (MO, VEN). Atures, Serranía Parú, planicie central, SW sector, open savanna and forest patches, 1200 - 1250 m, 5 – 7 March 1991, P. E. Berry 4975 et al. (MO). Bolívar: Ciudad Piar, sobre rocas de arenisca, 900 m. s. m., 11 December 1994, O. Huber 9898 et al. (US); Gran Sabana, Serrania del Kako, sector norte (Sorochoroyen), 1200 m, 22 February 1987, O. Huber 12032 (MO); Icabaru, 26.5 km al este de Icabaru, 750 m, 18 December 1978, J. A. Steyermark 117852 et al. (MO); La Gran Sabana, km 145 along highway, 2 km S of La Ciudadela, open savanna with a narrow zone of gallery forest along river, soil with top 20 cm sand and organic material mixture, 1 m of white sand below which is yellow sand, 1300 m, 3 December 1973, G. Davidse 4708 (MO, NY, US). Piar, Guayaraca, between escarpment and Rio Guayaraca, southern base of Auyan-tepui, open area, 950 m, 26 November 1982, G. Davidse 22726 & O. Huber (MO, NY, VEN); At top of Salto Aicha near eastern base of Uaipantepui, 1100 m, 27 – 28 November 1982, G. Davidse 22944 & O. Huber (MO, NY). Roscio, sabanas y arbustales sobre afloramientos rocosos de arenisca al S de Cantarana, aprox. 20 km al NE de Ikabarú (aprox. 95 km al W de Santa Elena de Uairén), 850 m, 14 August 1984, O. Huber 9643 & C. Alarcón (MO). Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, Rio Karuai, between Santa Teresita de Kavanayen and Ptaritepui, 1220 m, 18 November 1944, J. A. Steyermark 60302 (MO, NY, VEN). Without additional data, December 1937 – January 1938, G. H. Tate 1285 (MO, NY, VEN); Without additional data, 20 June 1977, J. A. Steyermark 113165 et al. (MO, VEN).	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A419B37FF5D58E9FD25C68B.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Colider, estrada Santarém – Cuiabá, BR 163, km 762, Serra do Cachimbo a 30 km de Guarantã. Cerrado, campo aberto, solo pedregoso, 09 ° 35 ’ S 54 ° 55 ’ W, 19 April 1983, M. N. Silva 24 et al. (holotype MO 3313433!, isotypes INPA 113144!, RB 373949!). Densely caespitose annual, 30 – 60 cm tall. Culms erect, compressed, nodes geniculate, glabrous; aestivation conduplicate. Sheaths usually longer than the internodes, predominantly basal, striated, pilose toward the apical third, with hyaline trichomes, 1 – 2 mm long. Ligules 1 – 3 mm long, spatulate, membranous, brown, the margins serrate. Blades 12 – 20 × 0.4 – 0.7 cm, linear, flat, hirsute to densely hirsute; the apex acuminate, the margins entire to slightly undulated, papillose-ciliate, hyaline cilia, 1 – 3 mm long; nerves conspicuous; adaxial and abaxial surfaces hirsute to densely hirsute, with simple and hyaline papillose-trichomes, 1 – 3 mm long. Inflorescences (5 –) 9 – 15 cm long, 2 – 4 racemes, racemes 5 – 7 cm long, subdigitate, axillary inflorescences absent; peduncle 5 – 20 cm long, glabrous. Rachis 1.8 – 2.4 mm wide, ending in a naked point, linear to slightly sinuous, glabrous, apical spikelet absent. Spikelets 4 – 4.4 × 1 – 1.2 mm, solitary, arranged into two series along the rachis, pedicellate, pedicels glabrous; lower anthecium ca. 1 mm larger than the upper anthecium; upper glume pale brown, lanceolate, not winged, 3 - nerved, the nerves conspicuous, midnerve present, the apex acute to obtuse, the margins papillose-ciliate, hyaline cilia 1 – 1.5 mm long, the base acute to rounded, the surface slightly pilose at the base, simple whitish trichomes, ca 1 mm long; lower lemma subequal or slightly smaller than the upper glume, pale yellow, lanceolate, not winged, 3 - nerved, the nerves conspicuous, midnerve present, the apex acute to obtuse, the margins ciliate, hyaline cilia 1 – 1.5 mm long, the base acute to rounded, the surface delicately pilose to papillose-pilose at the base, whitish trichomes, ca. 1 mm long; upper anthecium 3 – 3.2 × 0.9 – 1.1 mm, pale yellow, sessile, elliptic, with a conspicuous tuft of trichomes at the apex of the upper lemma; upper lemma and upper palea minutely papillose, the midnerve absent, the apex acute. Anthers 1 – 1.5 mm long, purple. Styles 2, stigmas plumose, purple. Lodicules 2. Caryopsis ca. 1.5 mm long, elliptic to oblong, brown.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A419B37FF5D58E9FD25C68B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Restricted to Brazil, and endemic to Serra do Cachimbo, occurring along the border between Pará and Mato Grosso states, between 300 and 570 meters (Fig. 3). Paspalum cachimboense grows in poor quartzite soil nutrient, in a small transition area between the Amazon forest and cerrado. This species was previously known only from the type collection; however, we found one additional sheet collected in the same area as the original specimens. There are no records of recent gatherings of P. cachimboense.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A419B37FF5D58E9FD25C68B.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Paspalum cachimboense can be separated from all other species of section Pectinata by its typical densely caespitose habit and geniculate nodes. The closest species is P. lanciflorum, from which it mainly differs by having a thinner rachis (1.8 – 2.4 mm wide vs. 3.5 – 7 mm wide), smaller spikelets (4 – 4.4 mm long. vs. 4.8 – 7.3 mm long) and an annual life cycle (vs. perennial). Davidse et al. (2001) commented that the annual life cycle is unusual within subgenus Ceresia, having been observed previously only in P. longiaristatum, an endemic species from Niquelândia, region of Chapada dos Veadeiros in Brazil (Goiás state). Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Colider, Rodovia Cuiabá – Santarém (BR 163) entre Peixoto de Azevedo e divisa MT / PA, km 53, complexo da Serra do Cachimbo, latossolo vermelho amarelo, 320 m. s. m., 30 August 1984, L. Coradín 18520 et al. (CEN).	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4F9B35FF5D5DA2FEBAC667.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Paraná: “ Rio Tibagy in der Nähe des Städtchens Ponta Grossa, am Rande eines Sumpfes ”, 7 January 1904, P. K. H. Dusén 3248 (S 14 - 11070!, isolectotypes G 99848!, US 2942131! (fragment ex W), W 19160038099!). Rhizomatous perennial, robust, 90 – 130 cm tall. Culms erect, compressed, nodes glabrous, with imbricate, arched, thick and rigid rhizomes, rhizomes pale yellow; aestivation convolute. Sheaths usually longer than the internodes, predominantly disposed at the apex of the culms, striated, hirsute mainly at the basal and apical portions, with hyaline trichomes, 1 – 2 mm long. Ligules 1.5 – 2 mm long, narrowly ovate, membranous, brown, the margins serrate. Blades 8 – 50 × 0.5 – 1.3 cm, lanceolate, flat, densely hirsute; the apex acuminate, the margins entire, involute, ciliate, hyaline cilia, 1 – 2 mm long; nerves conspicuous; adaxial and abaxial surfaces densely hirsute, with simple and hyaline trichomes, 1 – 2 mm long. Inflorescences 8 – 20 cm long, 5 – 10 racemes, racemes 5 – 18 cm long, subdigitate, axillary inflorescences absent; peduncle 25 – 45 cm long, glabrous. Rachis 1.7 – 2.8 mm wide, ending in a naked point, linear to slightly sinuous, glabrous to slightly pilose, apical spikelet absent. Spikelets 4.5 – 6 × 2.5 – 3.5 mm, solitary, arranged into two series along the rachis, pedicellate, pedicels glabrous; lower anthecium 1.5 – 2 mm larger than the upper anthecium; upper glume pale yellow, ovate, widely winged, 3 - nerved, the nerves conspicuous, midnerve present, the apex acute to obtuse, the margins ciliate, hyaline cilia, 0.5 – 1 mm long, the base cordate, the surface glabrous to scabrous; lower lemma slightly smaller than the upper glume, pale yellow, elliptic to lanceolate, not winged, 3 - nerved, the nerves conspicuous, midnerve present, the apex acute, the margins papillose-ciliate, hyaline cilia, 0.5 – 1.6 mm long, not exceeding the margins of the upper glume, the base cordate, the surface pilose between the nerves, hyaline trichomes, 1 – 2 mm long; upper anthecium 3.1 – 4 × 1 – 1.6 mm, pale yellow, sessile, elliptic to lanceolate, frequently with a conspicuous tuft of trichomes at the apex of the upper lemma; upper lemma and upper palea minutely papillose, the midnerve absent, the apex acute. Anthers 1.5 – 2.3 mm long, purple. Styles 2, stigmas plumose, purple. Lodicules 2. Caryopsis 1.8 – 2.5 mm long, obovate to oblong, brown.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4F9B35FF5D5DA2FEBAC667.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Colombia (Meta and Vichada) and Brazil (from Amazonas to Paraná), between 100 and 1200 meters (Fig. 4). Paspalum cordatum is frequently found in sandy, humid or waterlogged soils of savannas and fields.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4F9B35FF5D5DA2FEBAC667.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Paspalum cordatum is characterized by having sheaths and blades hirsute, the upper glume glabrous and the lower lemma not winged. This species is morphologically close to (and frequently confused with) P. pectinatum, especially in terms of general aspect. This led Rodríguez (1998) to include P. cordatum within the synonymy of P. pectinatum; however, these species can be readily separated by the number of racemes per inflorescence (5 – 10 racemes in P. cordatum vs. 2 – 3 racemes in P. pectinatum), the size of spikelets (4.5 – 6 mm long vs. 6 – 8 mm long), the shape of the upper glume (ovate vs. lanceolate), the rhizomes imbricate, arched, and rigid (vs. short, not imbricate and rigid) and the length of marginal trichomes of the lower lemma (not exceeding the margins of the upper glume vs. exceeding the margins of the upper glume). In the original publication of P. cordatum, Hackel (1910) cited a collector and collector number (Dusén 3248) but did not specify where the type was deposited. There are four sheets of Dusén 3248 distributed in different herbaria. Denham et al. (2002) cited the specimen housed in Vienna as the holotype, but there is no holotype and this statement cannot be corrected to lectotype since it was published after 1 January 2001 [see Section 2, Art. 9.23 in McNeill et al. (2012)]. The specimen used by Hackel is the one kept in Stockholm (S 14 - 11070), which is here designated as lectotype of the name P. cordatum. Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Aripuanã, Transamazon highway, 53 km W, of Aripuanã river, campina, 28 June 1979, C. E. Calderón 708 et al. (INPA, US). Distrito Federal: Brasília, área da Cascalheira, campo com tapete de herbáceas, 9 May 1957, M. Magalhães 9664 (BHCB). Goiás: Cristalina, 3 km N de Cristalina, 2 March 1966, H. S. Irwin 13241 (UB); Jataí, Queixada, s. d., A. Macedo 1543 (MBM). Mato Grosso: General Carneiro, Rodovia BR 070, km 205, entre Primavera do Leste e Paredão Grance, vereda ao lado W da estrada, 680 m, 10 April 2011, G. H. Rua 997 et al. (UB). Minas Gerais: Brumadinho, Retiro das Pedras, em solo brejoso, 15 February 2003, P. L. Viana 976 (BHCB). Uberaba, Campo tufoso hidromórfico, 1990, E. M. Teixeira s. n. & A. E. Brina (BHCB 36165); Uberlândia, Estação Ecológica do Panga-Meio, direto da vereda 4, 29 January 1990, A. A. A. Barbosa 1807 (HUFU); Reserva do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó-Meio, braço esquerdo da vereda, 4 December 1998, A. F. Amaral 1737 (HUFU). Paraná: Balsa Nova, Ponte dos Arcos, várzea assoreada, 5 January 2006, C. Kozera 2825 & O. P. Kozera (MBM); Rodovia BR 277, ca. 2 km L do rio Papagaios, campo limpo seco, 14 January 1981, G. Hatschbach 43507 (MBM, US); Serra de São Luiz by the rodovia do Café, 14 January 1965, L. B. Smith 14438 et al. (US). Campo Largo, São Luís do Parumã, campo úmido, 10 January 1977, L. T. Dombrowski 6897 (MBM). Carambei, Rodovia PR 340, Castro – Tibagi, ca. 16 km de Castro, logo após a subida da serra, campo seco, 1203 m. s. m., 12 February 2005, G. H. Rua 763 (CEN). Jaguariaíva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, 14 January 2004, H. M. Longhi-Wagner 8963 et al. (ICN, MBM). Palmeira, córrego da Anta, campo levemente úmido, 2 February 1975, G. Hatschbach 35872 & T. M. Pedersen (MBM); Recanto dos Papagaios, 957 m. s. m., 18 December 2013, J. T. Motta 4175 et al. (MBM); Rio dos Papagaios, campo, solo arenoso, 21 January 1981, P. I Oliveira 303 (MBM); Without additional data, em campo, 18 January 1967, L. T. Dombrowski 2311 & Y. S. Kuniyoshi (MBM). Piraí do Sul, rocky campo and boogy brook, 16 January 1965, L. B. Smith 14579 et al. (US); Serra das furnas; Rodovia PR 090, para Ventania, campo de topo, humoso e arenoso, 14 January 2004, H. M. Longhi-Wagner 8940 et al. (ICN, MBM); Joaquim Murtinho, campo rochoso, 15 February 1982, R. Kummrow 1743 & J. G. Stutts (MBM). Ponta Grossa, brejo, 1000 m. s. m., 13 February 1949, A. C. Brade 19638 (RB); Nascente do rio Tibagi. campos hidrófilo sobre organossolo, 1096 m. s. m., 15 February 2009, B. O. Andrade 245 (MBM); Fazenda Cabujan, brejo, 1000 m. s. m., 13 February 1949, A. C. Brade 19638 (US); Estação experimental, common in banhado and along stream, 29 January, J. R. Swallen 8349 (US); Fazenda da Criação, common on wet ground along stream, 4 February, J. R. Swallen 8461 (US). Sengés, Fazenda Morungava, rio do Funil, margens semi brejosas do rio, 12 December 1958, G. Hatschbach s. n. & R. P. Large (MBM 5274, US 2304293); Fazenda Morungava, Rio Funil, 19 January 1965, L. B. Smith 14858 et al. (US); Without additional data, 20 December 1948, A. Macedo 1543 (US); Without additional data, 23 January 1910, P. Dusén 9109 (US); Without additional data, s. d., P. Dusén 16174 (US). São Paulo: Assis, Estação Ecológica, campo úmido, 23 January 2003, W. Conteri s. n. (SPSF 37431); Itararé, Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Itararé, campo úmido, em solo arenoso úmido e saturado, 21 December 2005, J. L. C. Tannus 1039 (HRCB, UEC); Ex. Herv. da Escola Politécnica de São Paulo, 30 January 1908, A. Usteri s. n. (US 1503191). COLOMBIA. Meta: Llanos Orientales, s. d., J. Blydenstein 939 (COL, MO). Vichada: Caño Urimica, s. d., A. Cabrera 2278 (COL).	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4D9B33FF5D5DA2FBE7C46F.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Sidrolândia, Rodovia BR 163, orla de brejo, 27 October 1970, G. Hatschbach 25281 (holotype US 2705820!, isotypes K 643577!, MBM 16357!, MO 210263!, NY 864716!, UEC 16969!). Caespitose perennial, robust, 60 – 150 cm tall. Culms erect, compressed, nodes glabrous to pilose, generally with imbricate, arched, thick and rigid rhizomes, rhizomes pale yellow; aestivation convolute. Sheaths usually longer than the internodes, predominantly disposed at the apex of the culms, hirsute mainly at the basal and apical portions, with hyaline trichomes, 1 – 2 mm long. Ligules 1.5 – 1.7 mm long, narrowly ovate, membranous, brown, the margins dentate to serrate. Blades 30 – 60 × 0.5 – 1.3 cm, linear, flat, hirsute; the apex acuminate, the margins entire to undulated, papillose-ciliate, hyaline cilia, 2 – 6 mm long; nerves conspicuous; adaxial and abaxial surfaces hirsute, with simple and hyaline papillose-trichomes, 1 – 2 mm long. Inflorescences 9 – 20 cm long, 5 – 13 racemes, racemes 9 – 18 cm long, subdigitate, axillary inflorescences absent; peduncle 25 – 45 cm long, glabrous. Rachis (1.8 –) 2 – 2.9 mm wide, ending in a naked point, linear to slightly sinuous, glabrous, apical spikelet absent. Spikelets 4.8 – 6.7 × 2.5 – 3.5 mm, solitary, arranged into two series along the rachis, pedicellate, pedicels glabrous; lower anthecium ca. 2 mm larger than the upper anthecium; upper glume pale yellow, ovate, widely winged, 5 - nerved, the nerves conspicuous, midnerve present, the apex acute to obtuse, the margins ciliate, hyaline cilia, 0.2 – 0.3 mm long, the base cordate, the surface glabrous to scabrous; lower lemma subequal or slightly smaller than the upper glume, pale yellow, ovate to lanceolate, widely winged, 5 - nerved, the nerves conspicuous, midnerve present, the apex acute, the margins ciliate, hyaline cilia, 0.2 – 0.3 mm long, the base cordate, the surface delicately pilose between the nerves, hyaline trichomes, 0.5 – 1.5 mm long; upper anthecium 3.7 – 4 × 1.1 – 1.3 mm, pale yellow, sessile, ovate to lanceolate, with a tuft of tiny trichomes at the apex of the upper lemma; upper lemma and upper palea minutely papillose, the midnerve absent, the apex acute to obtuse. Anthers 1.9 – 2.2 mm long, orange. Styles 2, stigmas plumose, orange. Lodicules 2. Caryopsis ca. 1 mm long, obovate, brown.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4D9B33FF5D5DA2FBE7C46F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Distributed in Brazil, in states of Espírito Santo (first record) Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Distrito Federal (Fig. 3). Paspalum imbricatum is commonly found in sandy, rocky or waterlogged soils of fields, and savannas and campos rupestres, between 800 and 1250 meters.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4D9B33FF5D5DA2FBE7C46F.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Paspalum imbricatum is characterized by sheaths and blades hirsute, the upper glume glabrous, the lower lemma slightly pilose between nerves, and both the upper glume and lower lemma 5 - nerved and winged. This species is morphologically similar to P. aspidiotes, which is distinguished mainly by the shape of blades (linear in P. imbricatum vs. lanceolate in P. aspidiotes) and by the width of rachis (2 – 2.9 mm vs. 2.9 – 4.5 mm wide). Denham et al. (2002) also separated these two species by the indumentum of the upper glume and the lower lemma, which is glabrous in P. imbricatum and hairy in P. aspidiotes. However, considering that the spikelets of P. aspidiotes range from glabrous to pilose, the above-mentioned characters do not distinguish P. imbricatum from P. aspidiotes. Paspalum imbricatum also shares morphological similarities with P. lanciflorum, but it is easily distinguished from that species by the upper glume, which is 5 - nerved and glabrous in the former species and 3 - nerved and pilose at the base in the latter species. Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, brejo na nascente do córrego escondido, na borda do brejo, 14 June 1988, D. Alvarenga 63 (CEN, SP, UEC); Córrego Mata Gado, crescendo em brejo junto ao lago Paranoá, 20 March 1982, T. S. Filgueiras 970 (IBGE, RB); Lago Paranoá, confluência do córrego Cabeça do Vento, brejo, 23 March 1982, E. P. Heringer 7382 (US); Ca. 25 km SW of Brasília, creek margin near waterfalll, 950 m, 10 February 1966, H. S. Irwin 13034 et al. (NY, US); Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, 14 February 1985, R. C. Mendonça 443 (MAC); Parque Nacional de Brasília, vereda, solo saturado escuro, 1095 m, 10 February 2011, R. C. Oliveira 2564 et al. (UB); ARIE Santuário de Vida Silvestre do Riacho Fundo, próxima à mata ciliar, campo murundu, 6 March 1998, R. R. Silva 36 (UB); Brejo próximo ao córrego da Papuda, s. d., T. S. Filgueiras 1313 (CEN); Área de brejo próximo ao CNPH da EMBRAPA, 10 February 1996, T. S. Filgueiras 3371 (US); Córrego Mata Gado, 20 March 1982, T. S. Filgueiras 969 (INPA); APA Gama-Cabeça de Veado, Cristo Redentor, brejo, 1992, T. S. Filgueiras 2131 & F. O. Zuloaga (MO). Espírito Santo: Rio Bananal, without additional data, March 1895, A. F. M. Glaziou 22544 et al. (US). Goiás: Cristalina, Serra dos Cristais, ca 3 km N of Cristalina, 1250 m, 2 March 1966, H. S. Irwin, 13241 (MO, NY, US). Formosa, BR 040, km 47 BsB – Formosa, s. d., A. C. Allem 2624 (CEN). Mineiros, Parque Nacional das Emas, Água Ruim road, southeast area of the park, brejo with sand road around it, 22 March 1994, T. S. Filgueiras 2875 (IBGE). Pirenópolis, Serra dos Pireneus, na base dos três picos, mata ciliar de campo rupestre, 5 May 1971, J. A. Rizzo 6301 (ICN). Posse, Serra Geral de Goiás, rio da Prata, ca. 6 km of Posse, 4 April 1966, H. S. Irwin 14507 (NY); A 3 km da cidade de Posse pela BR 20, campo rupestre, solo arenoso, 20 May 1983, J. A. Rizzo 10289 (MO, UFG). Mato Grosso: Santa Cruz do Xingu, Parque Estadual do Xingu, limite norte do Parque, campo rupestre da Amazônia sobre rochas de arenito, em pequena cachoeira, 277 m. s. m., 10 March 2011, C. R. A. Soares 3204 et al. (CEN, K, RB, SP); Parque Estadual do Xingu, limite nordeste do Parque, subindo o rio Fontourinha, campo rupestre da Amazônia, sobre rochas graníticas com Vellozia seubertiana, Kielmeyera e Agonandra, 280 m. s. m., 1 March 2011, W. Milliken 4200 et al. (CEN, K, RB, SP). Mato Grosso do Sul: Campo Grande, APA do Guariroba, borda de vereda parcialmete conservada, solo arenoso, fundo de vale, 10 December 2006, G. A. Damasceno-Junior 4483 (CGMS). Sidrolândia, rodovia BR 163, orla de brejo, 27 October 1970, G. Hatschbach 25281 (MBM, MO).	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4A9B2BFF5D5CA1FCCAC5DF.taxon	description	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, “ in collibus declinius glereosis ”, 1829, G. H. von Langsdorff s. n. (LE 480.1!, isolectotypes LE 480.2!, LE 480.3!, US 80075! (fragment ex LE )).	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4A9B2BFF5D5CA1FCCAC5DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Panama (Herrera), Colombia (Arauca, Meta and Vichada), Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Bolivia and Brazil (from Roraima to Minas Gerais), between sea level and 1200 meters (Fig. 5). Paspalum lanciflorum is commonly found in sandy, rocky or limestone soils of fields and open savannas subjected to periodic fires, margins of rivers and disturbed areas.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4A9B2BFF5D5CA1FCCAC5DF.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Paspalum lanciflorum is a very variable taxon, characterized by having hirsute blades with involute margins, inflorescences 2 – 10 - racemose and the upper glume not winged. This species superficially resembles P. cachimboense; however, they are easily separated by the life cycle and by the dimensions of rachis and spikelets, as previously discussed in P. cachimboense. When P. lanciflorum was described, Trinius (1830) did not provide any information regarding the type collection in the protologue. Denham et al. (2002) stated that the holotype of P. lanciflorum is kept at LE; however, there are three sheets in that herbarium and one fragment at US under Langsdorff s. n. The specimen LE 480.1 with the label information “ in collibus declinius glereosis. Cuyaba. Brasil ” is designated here as lectotype of the name P. lanciflorum because it includes the original drawings of Trinius’s publication, which perfectly matches the protologue description. There are two sheets in different herbaria under Stübel 190 a, the original material of Paspalum contractum. The complete specimen held at B (10 0365549) is designated as lectotype of the name. Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Acre: Rio Branco, Campos da divisa do Brasil e Venezuela, cabeceira do rio Mea, October 1927, General Rondon s. n. (RB 110832); Tacatú, November 1927, General Rondon s. n. (RB 110834); Without additional data, 29 September 1909, E. Ule 8033 (MO). Amazonas: Humaitá, Estrada Humaitá – Jacarecangas, km 62, campina, solo arenoso, areia alva, 17 June 1982, L. O. A. Teixeira 1197 et al. (INPA, RB). Novo Aripuanã, Transamazon highway, 9 km W of rio dos Pombos, ca. 1, 5 km E. of Igarapé dos Pombos, and ca. 64 km E. of the Aripuanã, in open area of white sand campina, 18 June 1979, C. E. Calderón 2559 et al. (US). Bahia: Abaíra, Distrito de Catolés: Água Limpa, campo rupestre perto da chácara de café, 1300 m, 13 April 1992, W. G. Ganev 144 (CEPEC, HUEFS, MO, NY, SPF). Barra da Estiva, km 16 da estrada Ituaçú – Barra da Estiva, próximo ao Morro do Ouro, campos gerais, 1150 m, 22 May 1991, E. B. Santos 261 (CEPEC). Camaçari, without additional data, 30 November 1982, L. R. Noblik 2179 (HUEFS). Distrito Federal: Brasília, beira da estrada DF 14, margem direita, 23 April 1980, E. P. Heringer 4490 et al. (US); Beira da estrada DF 14, margem direita, km 1, 23 April 1980, E. P. Heringer 4491 et al. (US); Bacia do rio São Bartolomeu, campo rupestre, 2000 m. s. m., 5 May 1980, E. P. Heringer 4615 et al. (US); Bacia do rio São Bartolomeu, encostas de morros, 14 May 1980, E. P. Heringer 4793 et al. (IBGE, RB); Fazenda Sucupira, campo sujo ao lado da estrada de entrada, 18 April 2007, G. D. Vale 441 et al. (CEN, RB). Guará, 12 km S of Guará, cerrado, 20 March 1968, H. S. Irwin s. n. et al. (US 2539623). Goiás: Goiânia, vinicity of Goyas capital, sterile sand and gravel campo, about 1000 m. s. m, 20 – 22 March 1930, A. Chase 11402 (RB). Goiás Velho, Serra Dourada, s. d., A. Rizzo 4102 (RB). Pirenópolis, Serra dos Pireneus, na base dos três picos, cerrado, campo rupestre, 5 May 1971, J. A. Rizzo 6272 (UFG). Santo Antônio do Descoberto, ca. 5 km de Santo Antônio do Descoberto, 27 March 1980, T. S. Filgueiras 699 (MAC). No municipality identified, Serra da Arruda, 15 June 1898, A. F. M. Glaziou s. n. (US 1127492). Maranhão: Balsas, Gerais de Balsas – Área de Preservação do lote 17, s. d., R. C. Oliveira 1398 (CEN). Carolina, Cachoeira do Garrote, margem esquerda do rio Garrote, ca. 4, 3 km a oeste da BR, solo arenoso, relevo suave e ondulado, cerrado, 150 m. s. m., 24 February 2005, G. Pereira-Silva 9637 et al. (CEN); Carolina to San Antonio de Balsas, 20 – 25 March 1934, J. Swallen 4029 (RB); Perto de Carolina, cerrado, 26 May 1950, J. M. Pires 2232 & G. A. Black (US 2205806, US 2205643); No municipality identified, wet sandy open ground, 20 – 23 March 1934, A. Chase 11425 (US); No municipality identified, wet open bank near swamp, 20 – 23 March 1934, J. R. Swallen 4029 (US); No municipality identified, low wet muddy place, black sandy soil, 20 – 23 March 1934, J. R. Swallen 4059 (US). Mato Grosso: Alta Floresta, Fazenda Pontal, March 1997, V. C. Souza 15104 et al. (ESA, UB). Apiacás, 90 km ao S da Serra de Apiacás, March 1997, V. C. Souza 1549 et al. (ESA, UB). Barão de Capanema, entre Barão de Capanema e Utiarity, campo misto, April 1918, General Rondon 2662 (RB). Nova Xavantina, Xavantina – Cachimbo road, cerrado, 29 February 1968, D. Philcox 4387 & A. Ferreira (RB, US); Near the base camp of the expedition, close to the Xavantina – São Fidelix road, cerrado, 6 April 1968, J. A. Ratter s. n. (US 2689978). Primavera do Leste, Rodovia BR 070 km 164, entre Primavera do Leste e General Carneiro, Paredão Grande, fazenda Vale da Serra, 19 April 2011, G. H. Rua 1006 (UB). Santa Cruz do Xingu, Fazenda Najá, zona de amortecimento do Parque Estadual do Zingu, vegetação degradada e mata secundária, 276 m. s. m., 11 March 2011, D. C. Zappi 3284 et al. (RB). Vila Bela da Santísima Trindade, Serra de Ricardo Franco, topo da serra, 2 km W da ponte sobre o rio Paraíso, fazenda Pelicano, cerrado aberto, relevo ondulado, solo rochoso, 750 m. s. m., 20 March 2014, M. F. Simon 2151 et al. (CEN, RB). No municipality identified, Projeto RADAMBRASIL, 5 July 1977, J. Oliveira 02 (RB 180775); No municipality identified, Projeto RADAMBRASIL, 5 July 1977, J. Oliveira 03 (RB 180786). Minas Gerais: Taquaraçu de Minas, Ribeiro e Taquaraçu, s. d., A. F. M. Glaziou 20084 (RB, US). Pará: Belém, rio Parú do Oeste (Tiriós), campo de terra firme, 24 June 1960, P. Cavalcante 849 (US). Conceição do Araguaia, Redenção, area of cerrado vegetation about 4 km west of town center along highway PA 150, 20 February 1980, T. C. Plowman 8956 (INPA, US); Redenção, area of cerrado vegetation about 4 km west of town center along highway PA 150, 20 February 1980, T. C. Plowman s. n. (US 2985982). Marabá, Serra dos Carajás, Serra Norte, Clareira, 18 April 1970, P. Cavalcante 2313 & E. Silva (US). Parauapebas, FLONA de Carajás, área N 1, parte mais seca do campo úmido-canga, 702 m, 16 March 2011, R. C. Oliveira 2572 et al. (UB). No municipality identified, Tapajós, Rio Cururú, 8 February 1960, W. A. Egler 1262 (US). Piauí: No municipality identified, próximo a Chapada das Mangabeiras, campo-cerrado, 20 March 1978, W. N. Fonseca 181 (RB). Roraima: Território do Rio Branco, Aldeia do Tucham Paulo, para a base do Roraima, October 1927, General Rondon s. n. (US 2454780). Tocantins: Araguatins, rodovia Transamazônica, campo cerrado, solo arenoso, 27 March 1976, G. Hatschbach 38424 & R. Kummrow (MBM). Babaçulândia, km 64 da BR 226, ca. de 7 km NE de Valderlandia, cerrado pouco denso com vegetação rasteira esparsa, solo arenoso muito friável, 350 m. s. m., 16 March 1985, J. F. M. Valls 8338 et al. (CEN, RB). Couto Magalhães, 16 km west of Piquizeiro along GO – 70, 25 February 1980, T. C. Plowman s. n. et al. (US 2988977). Miracema do Tocantins, Aldeia dos índios Xerentes, a ca. 20 km de Miracema do Norte, cerrado, 200 m. s. m., 11 April 1988, L. A. Scorupa 434 & J. N. Silveira (CEN). Nova Olinda, Estrada de Nova Olinda a Palmeirante, campo cerrado, solo bem drenado semi arenoso, 6 February 1999, M. F. Simon 144 et al. (UB). Palmas, Ribeirão Taquaruçu, s. d., A. F. M. Glaziou 20084 (US); Ribeirão Taquaruçu, 26 March 1892, A. F. M. Glaziou s. n. (US 1127490). Tocantinópolis, Ribeirão do córrego, cerrado, 27 February 1980, T. C. Plowman s. n. et al. (US 2985973). COLOMBIA, Arauca: Cravo Norte, al S del río Meta, s. d., J. Blydenstein 1468 (US). Meta: La Macarena, 13 km O de La Macarena, vía a Conejos, s. d., R. Callejas 6886 & O. Marulanda (SI); Area de La Reserva de La Macarena, 13 km O de La Macarena, vía a Conejos, 7 August 1988, R. Callejas 6894 (MEXU). Vichada: Puerto Carreño, base Terecay, s. d., Amat 03 & Castillo (COL). GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region: savanna and bush at margins, frequent burning, white sand, rock outcrops, 975 m, 22 May 1990, T. Mcdowell 2725 & D. Gopaul (US). Rupununi Region: savanna Rupunini, 31 August 1995, M. J. Jansen-Jacobs 4965 et al. (US); Rupununi Northern Savanna, grassland with scatlered trees, 350 m. s. m., 7 October 1963, R. Goodland 923 (US); Upper Takutu – Upper Essequibo, South Rupununi savanna, 30 July 1994, H. W. Henkel 3947 & R. James (US). Without province identified: Mount Roraima, 4000 ft., 26 October 1927, G. H. H. Tate 157 (US); Without province identified: upper Ireng River, 1932, J. G. Meyers s. n. (US 1539466); Without province identified: Upper Takutu – Upper Essequibo, South Rupununi savanna, 9 September 1973, T. H. Henkel 2812 et al. (US); Without additional data, 8 July 1958, S. G. Harrison 1403 (US). PANAMA. Herrera: Las Minas, 10 Km WS of Las Minas on road to El Toro, 24 January 1981, K. J. Sytsma 3216 (MEXU). SURINAME. Sipaliwini savanna area on Brazilian frontier, s. d., F. H. F. Oldenburger 03 (US); Sipaliwini savanna, dry hill, 26 August 1967, J. V. Donselaar 3601 (US). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Puerto Ayacucho, savanna, 13 April 1978, G. Davidse s. n. & O. Huber (US); En los sitios poco húmedos en el redor del bajo río Cataniapo, 88 m, 23 May 1940, L. Williams 13088 (US). Santa Barbara, Alto Rio Orinoco, frequent in sabana huachapana, left bank of rio Orinoco 30 km, above Santa Barbara, 15 September 1957, B. Maguire s. n. et al. (US 2240338); Santa Barbara savanna, junction of Ventuari and Orinoco rivers, east of settlement, in moist pocket, low-lying park-like savanna, 22 February 1951, B. Maguire s. n. et al. (US 2040259, US 2040261). Anzoátegui: Distrito Bolívar, rocky mountain savanna, just S of El Zamuro, Fila El Purgatorio, 9 airline km NE of Bergantín, open grassland without shrubs except in gullies and draws, 1100 m, 24 November 1981, G. Davidse 19314 & A. C. González (MO). Bolívar: Bolívar, between ciudad Bolívar and El Cristo, sabana, 100 – 300 m, 27 April 1946, E. P. Killip s. n. (US 1855224). Gran Sabana, without additional data, February 1946, F. Tamayo s. n. (US 1916951); San Ignacio de Yuruaní, sabana seca, pedregosa inclinada, 1000 m, 13 August 1989, F. O. Zuloaga 4413 et al. (SI, US); Open savanna with a narrow zone of gallery forest along river, soil white sand, 1300 m, 3 October 1973, G. Davidse 4697 (US); Entre el Cerro Acopán y el Upuima, October 1947, P. Cardona 2225 (US); San Ignacio de Yuruaní, open wet area in savanna along stream, 850 m, 4 May 1988, R. Liesner 24197 (US). Heres, sabana de Topapo, frente a Arekuna, en la ribera a oeste del río Caroní bajo, 400 m, 30 August 1983, O. Huber s. n. et al. (US 3463112). Piar, Pie de la Roca to Guayaraca, talus slope ascent to first level of the southern base of Auyan-tepui, 600 – 850 m, 25 November 1982, G. Davidse 22647 & O Huber (MO, NY, VEN). No province identified: Mount Roraima, southwest-facing slopes between base of mountain at quebrada Ka-hua-parú and Glycon swamp, 1200 – 1980 m, 1 December 1944, J. Steyermark s. n. (US 1869578). Portuguesa: San Rafael, Ilu-Tepui, Gran Sabana, savanna between San Rafael and Enemasic, 1200 m, 5 February 1952, B. Maguire s. n. (US 2078764); Ilu-Tepui, Gran Sabana, 1200 m, 30 March 1952, B. Maguire s. n. (US 2078778). 6. Paspalum pectinatum Nees von Esenbeck ex Trinius (1828: 117). Paspalum pectinatum Nees von Esenbeck (1829: 34), as “ Paspalus pectinatus ”, nom. illeg. Anastrophus pectinatus (Nees von Esenbeck ex Trinius) Schlechtendal ex Jackson (1893: 118). Fig. 1 X – Z Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. “ Brasilia ”, 1827, F. Sellow s. n. (LE 505.1!, isolectotypes B 10 0367474!, B 10 0367475!, B 10 0367476!, BR 6886318!, BR 6886646!, G (not seen), LE 505.2!, LE 505.3!, SI! (fragment ex LE), TUB 8889!, US 2942525! (fragment ex B), W 19160035232!). Caespitose to shortly rhizomatous perennial, 30 – 110 cm tall. Culms erect, compressed, nodes glabrous; aestivation convolute. Sheaths usually longer than the internodes, predominantly basal, striated, glabrous to pilose mainly at the apical third, with simple and hyaline papillose-trichomes, 1 – 2 mm long. Ligules ca. 1 mm long, triangular, membranous, brown, the margins serrate. Blades 4 – 32 × 0.3 – 0.5 cm, linear, flat, densely pilose to glabrescent; the apex acuminate, the margins entire, papillose-ciliate, hyaline cilia, 1.5 – 2 mm long; nerves conspicuous; adaxial and abaxial surfaces densely pilose to glabrescent, with simple and hyaline papillose-trichomes, 1 – 2 mm long. Inflorescences 4 – 17 cm long, 2 – 3 racemes, racemes 4.5 – 7 (– 16.5) cm long, subdigitate to conjugate, axillary inflorescences absent; peduncle 25 – 30 cm long, glabrous. Rachis 1.2 – 2.7 mm wide, ending in a naked point, linear to slightly sinuous, glabrous, slightly scabrous at the margins, apical spikelet absent. Spikelets 6 – 8 × 2 – 4 mm, solitary, arranged into two series along the rachis, pedicellate, pedicels glabrous; lower anthecium 1 – 2 mm larger than the upper anthecium; upper glume pale yellow, lanceolate, widely winged, 3 - nerved, the nerves conspicuous, midnerve present, the apex acute, the margins ciliate, hyaline cilia, 0.5 – 1 mm long, the base cordate, the surface glabrous except at the apical portion; lower lemma slightly smaller than the upper glume, pale yellow, lanceolate, not winged, 3 - nerved, the nerves conspicuous, midnerve present, the apex acute, the margin ciliate, hyaline cilia, 1 – 3.5 mm long, exceeding the margins of the upper glume, base cordate, surface pilose between the nerves, hyaline trichomes, 1 – 2 mm long; upper anthecium 4.5 – 6 × 1 – 1.7 mm, pale yellow, sessile, elliptic, with a conspicuous tuft of trichomes at the apex of the upper lemma,; upper lemma and upper palea minutely papillose, the midnerve absent, the apex acute. Anthers 2 – 2.7 mm long, purple. Styles 2, stigmas plumose, purple. Lodicules 2. Caryopsis 2.3 – 2.8 mm long, obovate, brown.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4A9B2BFF5D5CA1FCCAC5DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — A widely distributed species, occurring in southern Mexico, Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras and Panama), Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil (from Roraima to Santa Catarina states), Peru, Bolivia and Paraguay, between 10 and 1900 meters (Fig. 6). Paspalum pectinatum grows mainly in savannas on sandy soils with rocky outcrops, grasslands, in secondary forests, riverbanks, in temporarily flooded soils, on cliffs, roadsides and in degraded places. It is also frequent in areas with periodical fire and dried fields.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A4A9B2BFF5D5CA1FCCAC5DF.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Paspalum pectinatum is characterized by inflorescences 2 – 3 - racemose and trichomes of the lower lemma exceeding the margins of the upper glume. Very close to this species is P. cordatum, which can be distinguished mainly by features of rhizomes, inflorescences and spikelets, as previously discussed (see under P. cordatum). In the original publication of P. pectinatum there is no specific information about where the type material is housed. Denham et al. (2002) stated that types are kept at LE, but were unable to examine them. There are three sheets at LE gathered by Sellow in Brazil and labeled as “ holotype ”. One sheet, LE 505.1, includes original drawings and Trinius’s handwriting, and agrees with the description in the protologue. We designate this sheet as the lectotype of the name P. pectinatum. Isolectotypes are housed in numerous other herbaria, as noted above. Specimens examined: — BELIZE. Cayo: Mountain Pine Ridge, 3 mi SE of Blancaneaux Lodge, roadside bush, dry ridge, 16 August 1970, J. R. Wiley 362 (MO). Toledo: Cowpen, in open pine ridge, 150 f., 5 July 1942, P. H. Gentle 4044 (MO). No province identified: Along Manatee (or Coastal) highway, 7.4 S of turnoff to Gales Point, 6 miles N of junction with Hummingbird highway, savanna, 5 - 20 m, 1 June 1996, M. H. Nee 46904 & D. E. Atha (MO). BOLIVIA. La Paz: Luisito, Sabana húmeda, oeste del río Beni, sartenejal seco, 180 m, 30 August 1985, R. Haase 630 (MO). Santa Cruz: Ñuflo de Chavez, Serranía de San Lorenzo, 10 km W of San Javier, chain of hills, precambrian shield, open savanna, 800 – 900 m, 22 October 1987, T. Killeen 2833 (US). Serranía San Lorenzo, 10 km W os San Javier, chain of hills, precambrian shield, open savanna, woody cover less than 1 %, 22 October 1987, T. J. Killeen 2833 (MO). Santiago de Chiquitos, 4 km W of Santiago de Chiquitos, recently burned wooded savanna, 700 m, 15 October 1987, T. Killeen 2782 (US). Velasco, Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, 10 km al N de Los Fierros y 3 km al Sur, sabana arbolada con predominancia de gramíneas, suelo arenoso, presencia de piedras, rojo, 225 m, 1 July 1993, B. Mostacedo 780 et al. (MO). BRAZIL. Acre: Rio Branco, Serra do Sol, frontier between territorio of Rio Branco, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela, savannas on east slopes of Serra Marico, 1100 m. s. m., 16 – 18 December 1954, B. Maguire 40351 & C. K. Maguire (RB); In savannas on slopes of serra Marico, 1100 m, 16 – 18 December 1954, B. Maguire s. n. & C. K. Maguire (US 2182189). Amazonas: Lábrea, SB – 20 – ZD, ponto 2 A, cerrado, terreno arenoso, campo natural, 8 July 1976, C. D. A. Mota s. n. (INPA 60581). Novo Aripuanã, Transamazon highway, 53 km west of Aripuanã river, 28 June 1979, C. E. Calderón 2708 et al. (NY, US). Prainha, Nova Prainha, SB – 20 – ZC, ponto 07, campo natural, terreno arenoso, 22 July 1976, C. D. A. Mota s. n. et al. (INPA 60662). Distrito Federal: Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, UNB, ca. 1 km S da Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, cerrado, área queimada, solo argiloso, 6 December 1989, M. H. Pereira Neto 495 & F. C. A. Oliveira (IBGE, RB); Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, cerrado em frente à nascente do córrego Escondido, área queimada há 47 dias, 2 October 1986, R. C. Mendonça 663 & S. Doi (UEC); JBB Campo, logo após a área de lazer, campo cerrado recém queimado, solo argiloso, relevo inclinado, 1025 – 1150 m. s. m., 7 November 1997, R. C. Oliveira 906 & K. Calago (MBM); Parque Nacional de Brasília, latossolo vermelho, cerrado típico queimado recentemente, 25 November 2010, R. R. Silva 1160 & V. B. C. Albuquerque (IBGE, SP); Chapada da Contagem, 1000 m, 4 September 1965, H. S. Irwin s. n. & R. R. Santos (US 2529185); 3 km E of Taguatinga, rocky campo, 1125 m, 23 November 1965, H. S. Irwin s. n. & R. R. Santos (US 2529106); Thick rootstock, burned campo, 700 – 1000 m, 7 September 1964, H. S. Irwin s. n. & T. R. Soderstrom (US 2565511); Chapada da Contagem, ca. 20 km E. of Brasília, 1000 m, 14 October 1965, H. S. Irwin s. n. et al. (US 2529207); Creek valley, córrego Gama, between Gama and Brasília, near road to Anápolis, 1175 m, 26 September 1965, H. S. Irwin s. n. & R. R. Santos (US 2528704); Ca. 20 km S of Brasília on road to Goiânia, near to Rio Melchior, 1125 m, 25 September 1965, H. S. Irwin s. n. & R. R. Santos (US 2528711). Goiás: Alto Paraíso, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, cruzeiro, ca. 23 km de Alto Paraíso, cerrado em afloramento rochoso, 1405 m, 12 November 1996, F. C. A. Oliveira 647 et al. (CTES, RB, IBGE); Rodovia GO 327, a oeste de Alto Paraíso, campo rupestre da Chapada dos Veadeiros, solo arenoso, 1200 m alt., 16 October 1990, G. Hatschbach 54620 et al. (MBM). Cabeceiras, Serra do Rio Preto, gallery forest ca. 14 km. E of Cabeceiras, 1000 m, 16 November 1965, H. S. Irwin s. n. et al. (US 2528694). Caiaponia, Serra do Caiapó, campo, ca. 35 km S. of Caiaponia on road to Jataí, 800 – 1000 m, 19 October 1964, H. S. Irwin s. n. & T. R. Soderstrom (US 2642600); Campo island, ca. 37 km S. of Caiaponia on road to Jataí, 800 – 1000 m, 22 October 1964, H. S. Irwin s. n. & T. R. Soderstrom (US 2642674). Corumbá de Goiás, ca. 9 km S of Corumbá de Goiás, 1000 m, 1 October 1965, H. S. Irwin s. n. & R. R. Santos (US 2528727). Cristalina, Serra dos Cristais, ca. 6 km S. of Cristalina, 1175 m, 5 November 1965, H. S. Irwin s. n. & R. R. Santos (US 2528662). Ipameri, Campo Limpo, 18 October 1994, H. G. P. Santos 414 et al. (CEN). Minacu, Serra da Mesa (Area 1 – Proposta P – Unidade de Conservação), mais ou menos 3 km de entrada Norte do Canteiro, vereda (locais mais secos), solo arenoso, 490 m, 19 November 1991, B. M. T. Walter 724 & F. O. V. Silva (MO). Niquelândia, estrada Niquelândia – Colinas do Sul, 59 km da saída de Niquelândia, campo sujo arenoso-pedregoso, 492 m. s. m., 1 December 2003, R. Dias-Melo 65 et al. (RB); Macedo, morro à esquerda do trevo para Macedo Velho, solo serpentino, 30 May 1996, F. C. A. Oliveira 602 et al. (US); Macedo, ca. 20 km de Niquelândia, 4 August 1992, T. S. Filgueiras 2430 & R. D. Lopes (US). Pirenópolis, Serra dos Pireneus, cerrado recém queimado, 10 July 1983, T. S. Filgueiras 1096 (UEC). Santa Rita do Araguaia, between rio Ortega and rio Babilonia, red clay and sand, campo with low bush, 4 May 1930, A. Chase 11777 (US). No municipality identified, Serra Dourada, 1969, A. Rizzo 4470 (RB); Reserva Ecológica de Emas I. BD. R., 30 October 1984, C. A. Joly 17761 (UEC); Serra do Urbanó, 29 July 1894, G. Glaziou 22426 (RB, US). Without additional data, s. d., A. M. F. Glaziou 22427 (US). Maranhão: Balsas, Agrovila Nova de Carli, depois da escarpa, campo sujo, 447 m, 5 July 1998, R. C. Oliveira 1258 (MOSS). Mato Grosso: Barra do Garças, 12.8 km along main road S of turnoff road to base camp, cerrado, 6 October 1968, G. Eiten 9151 & L. T. Eiten (US). Chapada dos Guimarães, Vicinity of Véu da Noiva, Chapada dos Guimarães, cerrado on laterite and gravel slope, 720 m, 14 October 1973, G. T. France s. n. et al. (US 2769644); Road behind Véu de Noiva, Chapada dos Guimarães, 720 m, 18 October 1973, G. T. France s. n. et al. (US 2769645). Cuiabá, Expedição de Cuiabá a São Miguel, Campos Novos, campo, May 1918, J. G. Kuhlmann 1670 (RB). Garapú, ca. 1 km NE of Garapú, savanna, 300 – 400 m, 2 October 1964, H. S. Irwin s. n. & T. R. Soderstrom (US 2642537). Nova Xavantina, ca. 90 km N of Xavantina, 300 – 400 m, 12 October 1964, H. S. Irwin s. n. & T. R. Soderstrom (US 2642625); 70 km N of Xavantina, 300 – 400 m, 10 October 1964, H. S. Irwin s. n. & T. R. Soderstrom (US 2642634); Ca. 12 km SE of base camp, burnt cerrado, 5 October 1968, R. E. Harley 104 – 80 (US). ca. 270 km of Xavantina, 8 km NE of the base camp of expedition, recent burned cerrado, 25 June 1968, J. A. Ratter 1969 et al. (RB, UEC); 8 km NE of the the base camp of expedition (base camp ca. 270 km N of Xavantina), cerrado, 25 June 1968, J. A. Ratter s. n. et al. (US 2689972). Rondonópolis, between Rondonópolis and Santa Rita do Araguaya, campo-cerrado, 13 April 1930, A. Chase 12009 (US). No municipality identified, road 10, ca. 12 km SW of base camp, near lago de Leo, cerrado, 28 September 1968, R. M. Harley 10330 & R. Souza (K, RB); Ca. 12 km SW of base camp, burned cerrado, 5 October 1968, R. M. Harley 10480 (K, RB); Fazenda Urubú Branco, cerrado, 7 December 1967, J. M. Pires 11317 & N. T. Silva (US); Braço do rio Arinos, 26 September 1943, J. T. Baldwin s. n. (US 1833853). Mato Grosso do Sul: Campo Grande, Cerrado, E. F. Nienstedt 415 (RB). Rio Brilhante, Rodovia BR 267, entroncamento, campo cerrado aberto, 22 October 1970, G. Hatschbach 25048 (MBM). Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, Fazenda Capão da Taquara, 29 August 1975, G. Hatschbach 32479 (MBM, US); Rodovia BR 163, campo cerrado, 13 November 1973, G. Hatschbach 33152 & C. Koczicki (MBM); Região do rio Verde, campo, May – July 1923, General Rondon s. n. (RB 111444). Sidrolândia, rodovia BR 163, campo – cerrado aberto, 27 October 1970, G. Hatschbach 25264 (MBM). Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, 2 km da Serra da Moeda, campo rupestre, 1550 m, 15 November 1987, P. E. M. Borges 11522 (MO). Diamantina, Serra de San Antonio, white sand and gravel, open summit of serra, 1400 m, 17 – 20 December 1929, A. Chase 10350 (US); Serra do Espinhaço, scattered on hillside, ca. 10 km SW of Diamantina, valley with very steep, rocy sandstone sides sloping down to gallery forest with sedge meadow (brejo) just above forest in places, 1250 m, 3 February 1972, W. R. Anderson s. n. et al. (US 2990049). Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó (the highest part of the log narrow Serra do Espinhaço), along the road at km 134 – 135 (5 – 6 km along road north from crossing of the stream, “ Rib. Andrequice ” at Fazenda Palácio), 1250 m, 21 November 1965, G. Eiten 6746 & L. T. Eiten (US); Serra do Cipó (the highest part of the log narrow Serra do Espinhaço), along the road at km 134 – 135 (5 – 6 km along road north from crossing of the stream, “ Rib. Andrequice ” at Fazenda Palácio), 1250 m, 21 November 1965, G. Eiten 6760 & L. T. Eiten (US); Serra do Cipó, along the road at km 122 – 123, vegetation burned-over, 1150 m, 24 November 1965, G. Eiten 6827 & L. T. Eiten (US); Serra do Cipó, perto do hotel Palácio, 5 April 1951, G. A. Black 51 - 12028 & N. Magalhães (US); Serra do Cipó, perto do hotel Palácio, 5 April 1951, G. A. Black 51 - 12029 & N. Magalhães (US); Ao longo da rodovia Lagoa Santa – Conceição do Mato Dentro – Diamantina, 10 December 1971, J. Semir 440 et al. (US). Lavras Novas, Lavras Novas – Ouro Preto, próximo a Mina de Fábrica, campo sujo, 1075 m, 6 November 2008, S. G. Rezende 3041 (BHZB, ESA, IBGE). Ouro Preto, 13 January 1972, A. Macedo 5217 (HB, MBM). Poços de Caldas, Campo do Saco, 5 November 1980, A. C. Gabrielli 382 et al. (UEC); Campo do Saco, 2 December 1980, L. A. G. Mathes 642 (UEC); Campo, slope, 1100 – 1500 m, 18 – 20 January 1930, A. Chase 10655 (US). Prados, campo rupestre recuperando-se de queimada, 1260 m. s. m., 26 February 2011, M. Sobral 14465 et al. (RB, HUFSJ); Campo rupestre recuperando-se de queimada, 1260 m, 26 February 2011, M. Sobral 14465 et al. (HUFSJ, RB). No municipality identified, Serra da Moeda, campo rupestre na parte úmida, 1550 m, 15 February 1987, B. D. Madureira 11485 (MO); Heargreaves, 1350 – 1400 m, 21 – 22 December 1929, A. Chase 10230 (US); Heargreaves, campo, 1350 – 1400 m, 21 – 22 December 1929, A. Chase 10249 (US). Without additional data, May 1915, J. Kuhlmann 5998 (US). Paraná: Balsa Nova, Ponte dos Arcos, campo seco, 1 November 2005, C. Kozera 2468 & A. Sanches (MBM); Ponte dos Arcos, campo seco, 7 December 2005, C. Kozera 2733 & O. P. Kozera (MBM); Serra de São Luís, campo limpo, solo turfoso úmido, junto a borda da Cuesta Devoniana, 27 December 1984, G. Hatschbach 48811 (MBM); Tamanduá, campo, L. T. Dombrowski 12017 & P. Scherer (MBM); without additional data, 12 October 1999, A. Dunaiski Jr. 1343 & W. Amaral (MBM). Curitiba, Cidade Industrial, campo limpo, seco, 11 October 2006, R. Rodrigues 58 (MBM). Jaguariaíva, ca. 2 km ao sul, cerrado, 17 December 1991, A. C. Cervi 3511 et al. (MBM); Rio das Mortes, campo, 31 October 1997, C. Kozera 619 (MBM, UPCB); Arredores de Jaguariaíva, campo cerrado, 12 October 1978, L. T. Dombrowski 9784 (MBM); Arredores de Jaguariaíva, campo cerrado, 11 October 1978, L. T. Dombrowski 9985 (MBM); Without additional data, 5 November 1928, F. C. Nechas s. n. (US 1503353); 23 October 1911, P. Dusén s. n. (US 601213). Palmeira, Recanto dos Papagaios, campo, local úmido, 26 November 2003, A. C. Cervi 8561 et al. (MBM); Santa Rita, campo limpo levemente úmido, 26 October 1982, G. Hatschbach 45697 (MBM); Recanto dos Papagaios, campo limpo, 6 October 2008, J. M. Silva 7013 et al. (MBM); Beira de estrada, campo, 26 October 1977, L. T. Dombrowski 9037 & P. Scherer (MBM); Rio dos Papagaios, 7 November 2004, M. G. Caxambu 662 (MBM); Recanto dos Papagaios, campo limpo seco, 28 October 1996, O. S. Ribas 1586 & M. F. Luz (MBM); Santa Rita, campo limpo, 26 October 1982, G. Hatschbach 45697 (US); Fazenda Santa Rita, 26 October 1982, G. Hatschbach 45697 (MBM, MEXU). Piraí do Sul, rodovia PR 090, para Ventania, cerrado de topo, humoso e arenoso, 14 January 2004, H. M. Longhi-Wagner 8939 et al. (ICN, MBM). Ponta Grossa, arredores de Ponta Grossa, campo limpo seco, 23 October 1991, C. B. Poliquesi 73 & D. Guimarães (MBM); Capão da Onça, campo limpo seco, 21 November 1999, C. B. Poliquesi 672 et al. (MBM); Furnas, campo alto, seco, solo arenoso, 25 October 1976, L. T. Dombrowski 6517 (MBM); Estação experimental, dried campo, 29 January, J. R. Swallen 8344 (US); Capão Grande, 21 December 1903, P. Dusén s. n. (US 558028). Tibagi, rodovia Castro – Tibagi, campo limpo seco, 19 October 1993, G. Hatschbach 59648 & J. Cordeiro (MBM). Ventania, Arapoti, 6 km para Ventania. Savana, 26 November 1981, R. M. Klein 12080 & P. F. Leite (MBM). Without additional data, 18 December 1903, P. Dusén 2770 (US). Roraima: No municipality identified, rodovia BR – 174 à 7 km de Santa Eelena (Venezuela), quadrícula NA – 20 – ZD, campo, 1000 m, 21 June 1974, Pires 14564 (MO). Santa Catarina: Caçador, 72 km W of caçador, dry field, 1 December 1971, L. B. Smith 15569 (US). Mafra, campo west of Mafra on the road to Barracas, 800 m, 7 December 1956, L. B. Smith 8445 & R. Klein (US); Campo novo, 750 m, 12 December 1962, R. Klein 3916 (US). São Paulo: Campinas, Fazenda Grande, 18 December 1938, H. Krug 3265 et al. (UEC); Fazenda Campo Grande, 4 December 1938, A. P. Viegas s. n. (US 1761504); Fazenda Campo Grande, 18 December 1938, H. Krug s. n. et al. (US 1761506); Without additional data, s. d., C. Novaes 1272 (US). Itapetininga, 27 May 1987, Colector? 267 (US). Itirapina, campo cerrado, 16 December 1998, J. L. C. Tannus 340 et al. (HRCB, MBM). São Paulo: São Paulo, Vila Esperança (Penha), 22 November 1947, A. B. Joly 575 (RB); On a high campo, 1 January 1941, B. Pickel 5152 (US). No municipality identified, Fazenda Boa Vista 4 – 5 km SE em linha reta da estação Engenheiro Hermílio, cerrado, 22 November 1959, S. M. Campos 111 (US). Tocantins: Goiatins, Comunidade indígena Krahó-Kapey (União das Aldeias), mata próxima ao campo de pouso, solo arenoso, borda de mata ciliar, 266 m, 28 September 2001, A. A. Santos 968 (CEN). COLOMBIA. Boyacá: No municipality identified, near Orocué, open Llanos, growing in dense bunches, 140 m. s. m., 27 March 1939, O. Haught 2709 (RB, US). Cauca: Chisquio, grassland ground, 1700 m, 6 February 1940, E. Asplund s. n. (US 2207028); Popayan, rio Sucio to rio Piedras, west of Popayan, grassy hills, 1500 – 1800 m, 3 July 1922, F. W. Pennell s. n. & E. P. Killip (US). Dique: Cravo Norte Arayca, 40 km al SW, entre rios Casanare y Ariporo, 19 – 22 December 1963, J. Blydenstein 1562 (US). Guaviare: San José del Guaviare, río Guaviara, 240 m, 11 November 1939, J. Cuatrecasas 7649 (US). Meta: Carimagua, grassland with palm forest along the rivers, generally very flat countryside, burnt frequently, 200 m, 18 September 1992, S. A. Renvoize 5409 (US); About 20 kilometers southeast of villavicencio, llanos, 500 m, 17 March 1939, E. P. Killip 34321 (US); Sabanas, s. d., H. G. Baniga 4993 (US). Vichada: San José de Ocuné, dry llanos along the río Vichada at bopimi, ca. 14 km NW San José de Ocuné, 100 m, 24 January 1944, F. J. Hermann 11089 (US); Dry llanos along the rio Vichada at bopimi, ca. 14 km NW San José de Ocuné, 100 m, 24 January 1944, F. J. Hermann 11089 (US); Dry llanos along the rio Vichada at bopimi, ca. 14 km NW San José de Ocuné, 100 m, 24 January 1944, F. J. Hermann 11089 (US). Vichada Gualandayas, 100 m, 30 December 1983, Wood 4201 (US). No province identified: Popayán, 1600 – 1800 m, January 1901, Colector? s. n. (US 1129829); San Martin, May 1927, E. W. Shaw s. n. (US); 20 km. SE of Villavicencio, open grassland, 17 March 1939, A. H. G. Alston 7589 (US); Near Orocue, open llanos, 140 m, 27 March 1939, O. Haught 2709 (US); Without additional data, February 1937, H. G. Barriga 4980 (US); s. d., J. C. Mutis 5453 (US). COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Volcan Cacao, 800 m. s. m., 30 July 1987, J. F. Smith 413 et al. (RB). Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, open savannas around the first pond below the Carretera Interamericana, 450 m, 30 May 1980, H. W. Pohl 13922 (MO); Buenos Aires, Sabanas Terraba, Quebrada Cabuya, 800 m, 25 April 2004, J. F. Morales 10480 (MO). San Jose: Quebrada Meseta, Cantón de Acosta, Fila Bustamante, La Meseta, entre Quebrada Meseta y Jocotal, 5 June 1995, J. F. Morales 4395 (MEXU). EL SALVADOR. Chalatenango: El Paraíso, 6 km N of El Paraíso, curatella savanna on a steep pumice hill, 11 June 1970, H. W. Pohl 11882 & G. Davidse (MO). Morazán: La Hermita, Joateca, A. N. P. La Hermita, sendero piedra pacha-quebrada el zope, bosque de pino, 1063 m, 14 June 2011, D. Rodríguez 2384 et al. (MO). GUYANA. No province identified, Mount Roraima, s. d., Colector? s. n. (US 1539484). HONDURAS. Camayagua: Siquatepeque, Above road (Hond. 1), ca. 8 km SE of Siguatepeque Recently burned pineland, 1000 m, 25 May 1972, D. Burch 6205 (MO). Gracias a Dios: Puerto Lempira, La Mosquitia, orilla del Río Dursuna, Pinares, lluvioso tropical, 70 m, 14 February 1979, C. H. Nelsol 5038 & E. Vargas (MO). Olancho: Dulce Nombre de Culmi, 6 km SW of Dulce Nombre de Culmí, along highway 3, open pine savanna, moist area, 550 m, 23 July 1970, H. W. Pohl 12442 & G. Davidse (MO). MEXICO. Chiapas: Palenque, 2 – 4 km N of La Victoria and 7 – 9 km NWN of Palenque, 17 May 1982, G. Davidse 20544 (MEXU, MO). Oaxaca: Asunción Ixtaltepec, 4 Km al NE de Lázaro Cárdenas, hacia Sta. María Chimalapa, 26 May 1974, R. T. Colín 5170 (MEXU). San Juan Lalana, Santiago Jalahuí, 500 m, 23 June 1991, J. I. Calzada 17051 & M. Aranda (MEXU). Tabasco: Huimanguillo, Km 64 rumbo Huimanguillo-Fco Rueda al O de Huimanguillo Km 8 al O de El Guanal, 4 September 1978, F. Hill 1548 (MEXU); Huimanguillo, 1 January 1964, F. D. Barlow 30 / 23 C (MEXU); Huimanguillo, 1 January 1964, F. D. Barlow 30 / 72 D (MEXU); Huimanguillo, 180 m de la carretera hacia CNEP 113, km 44 Huimanguillo a Francisco Rueda, 20 November 1978, J. M. Tirado 1741 (MEXU). Veracruz: Coatzacoalcos, without additional data, s. d., J. M. León 80 (MEXU); Without additional data, July 1962, J. M. León 98 (MEXU). Las Choapas, a 11 km del entronque Las Choapas con la carretera Cárdenas – Coatzacoalcos, s. d., A. D. L. Orozco 182 (MEXU). NICARAGUA. Atlántico Norte: No municipality identified, 5 km S of Bilwaskarma on road to Puerto Cabezas, open pine savanna, 100 m, 19 July 1970, H. W. Pohl 12276 & G. Davidse (MO); Between Waspam and Ulwás, brushy area along a creek, 30 m, 18 July 1970, H. W. Pohl 12292 & G. Davidse (MO); Near Caño Alamikamba, 26.5 km SE of El Empalme by road to Limbaika, 20 m, 5 July 1982, R. Kral 69245 (MO). Chontales: Juigalpa, 15 km SE of Juigalpa along Hwy 7, dry, hilly, rocky Curatella savanna, 250 m, 18 July 1970, H. W. Pohl 12361 & G. Davidse (MO). PANAMA. Chiquirí: Alto Boquete, Savanna, 1125 m, 23 January 1969, M. Partch 69 – 59 (MO). San Jose: San Juan, Entre San José y San Juan, carretera a Santa Fé, 100 – 400 m, 1 March 1984, L. G. Carrasquilla 1942 (MO). PARAGUAY. Canindeyú: No municipality identified, Mbaracayú Natural Reserve administered by Fundación Moisés Bertoni: Aguará Ñú, cerrado scrub on red sandy soil, 22 September 1999, E. M. Zardini 51117 & B. Ramírez (MO). PERU. Madre de Dios: Tambopata, Parque Nacional Bahuaja-Sonone, Parque Nacional “ Bahuaja-Sonere ”, Ex Santuario Nacional “ Pampa de Heath ”, Bosque circundante a las “ Pampas ” del Heath, formación de “ Pampa ”, asociación de Poaceae, 30 October 1997, C. Díaz 9325 & H. Ramirez (MO); Parque Nacional Bahuaja-Sonone, Parque Nacional “ Bahuaja-Sonere ”, Ex Santuario Nacional “ Pampa de Heath ” Formación de “ Pampa, ” incluyendo “ aguajales ” a islotes de Tierra firme, 9 October 1997, C. Díaz 9420 & H. Ramirez (MO). SURINAME. Without additional data, 3 December 1935, Rombouds 308 (US). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Bolívar, Pasture southwest of La Vergarana, south of ciudad Bolívar, 3 December 1953, J. Alba s. n. (US 2433977); Gran Sabana, between Kun and waterffal at Ruemerú (tributary of Rio Kukenán), south of Mount Roraima, 1065 m, 2 October 1944, J. A. Steyermark s. n. (US 1869597). No province identified: Rodovia BR – 174 à 7 km de Santa Helena, quadrícula NA – 20 – ZD, campo, 1000 m, 21 – 24 November 1974, J. M. Pires 14551 - 14569 et al. (US); Rodovia BR – 174 à 7 km de Santa Helena, quadrícula NA – 20 – ZD, campo, 1000 m, 21 June 1974, J. M. Pires s. n. (US 2820027).	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A529B2AFF5D5C31FA2DC723.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BOLIVIA. La Paz: Prov. Iturralde, Siete Cielos, Río Manupare, ca. 2.5 km al E. Pampa con arbustos y árboles bajos (4 – 5 m) y torcidos, 12 ° 27 ’ S 67 ° 37 ’ W, 180 m, 8 June 1987, J. C. Solomon 17003 (holotype LPB 299!, isotypes BAA 2546! (fragment and photo ex LPB), K 643758!, MO 357721!).	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A529B2AFF5D5C31FA2DC723.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Bolivia (La Paz and Santa Cruz) and Brazil (Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso), between 100 and 900 meters (Fig. 7). Paspalum reticulinerve grows predominantly in humid fields, savannas, campos rupestres, swamps, and less frequent in gallery forests.	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
E84487F03A529B2AFF5D5C31FA2DC723.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Paspalum reticulinerve is frequently confused with P. aspidiotes, but can be distinguished mainly by its rachis width (1.3 – 2.3 mm in P. reticulinerve vs. 2.9 – 5.5 mm in P. aspidiotes) and more robust aspect. Denham et al. (2002) separated these species also by the arrangement of spikelets, noting them to be paired in P. reticulinerve and solitary in P. aspidiotes; however, this characteristic is unreliable because the spikelets of P. reticulinerve are usually solitary and less often paired (Renvoize 1995). Therefore, the arrangement of spikelets along the rachis has no diagnostic value for species segregation. Oliveira & Rua (2005) described Paspalum vallsii, a species restricted to Goiás (Brazil) and distinguished by characteristics of the rachis, spikelets, upper glume and lower lemma. These authors distinguished P. vallsii from P. aspidiotes and P. cordatum by the rachis width, which is thinner in P. vallsii, and from P. reticulinerve by the longer, solitary spikelets with the upper glume and lower lemma glabrous in P. vallsii. However, our study of the respective type specimens demonstrated that the circumscriptions of P. vallsii and the more widely distributed P. reticulinerve overlap, and we found no significant differences to recognize them as autonomous species. Although spikelets are slightly longer (ca. 1 – 1.5 mm) in P. vallsii, we consider this character alone insufficient for species recognition and treat P. vallsii as a synonym of P. reticulinerve. Specimens examined: — BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Chiquitos, Zona del arco, en la Serrania de Santiago de Chiquitos, campo húmido muy ao lado de rocas, 10 April 2008, J. R. I. Wood 24344 et al. (UB); Sobre la meseta de Motacu, campo húmedo, 11 April 2015, J. R. I. Wood 24378 et al. (UB). Santa Bárbara, NO de Roboré, Chiquitos, campo húmedo, 3 October 2008, J. R. I. Wood 24674 et al. (UB). Velasco, Parque Nacional Noel Kempff M., Las Gamas, camino hacia Las Cataratas, 13 June 1994, E. Gutiérrez 1400 (MEXU); Parque Nacional Noel Kempff M., Campamento Las Gamas, mosaico de cerrado, campo rupestre, pampas húmedas y bosques de galería, 900 m. sm., 3 July 1993, T. Killeen 4824 et al. (SI, MO, UZS); Parque Nacional Noel Kempff M., Serranía de Caparuch, 13 June 1994, T. Killeen 6541 (MEXU). BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Diamantino, Serra do Tombador, estrada de Diamantino, campos e várzeas da Chapada, March 1918, J. G. Kuhlmann 1671 (RB). Pará: Conceição do Araguaia, Redenção, area of cerrado on outskirts west of town about 4 km from center of Redenção along PA 150, 200 m. s. m., 20 February 1980, T. Plowman 8949 et al. (MO, US); Marabá, Serra dos Carajás, platô a 700 m de altura, campo pedregoso, 22 May 1969, P. Cavalcante 2131 (US). Tocantins: Couto Magalhães, 16 km west of Piquizeiro along GO – 70, in cerrado savanna, 400 m. s. m., 25 February 1980, T. Plowman et al. s. n. (US 2989019). Palmeirópolis, Estrada Palmeirópolis – fazenda Itumbiara, km 30 a partir do trevo norte da cidade de Palmeirópolis, 350 m, s. d., G. Pereira-Silva 11760 et al. (CEN); Linha de transmissão São Salvador (Tocantins) – Cana Brava (Goiás), s. d., G. Pereira-Silva 15237 et al. (CEN). São Salvador do Tocantins, estrada de acesso ao córrego Mutum (fazenda São Jorge), área de influência indireta, 350 m. s. m., s. d., G. Pereira-Silva 678 (CEN); Estrada de acesso ao córrego mutum (fazenda São Jorge), área de influência indireta, s. d., G. Pereira-Silva 10678 (CEN); Estrada de acesso ao córrego Mutum (fazenda São Jorge), s. d., G. Pereira-Silva 11551 et al. (CEN).	en	Delfini, Carolina, Souza, Vinicius Castro, Zuloaga, Fernando Omar (2017): Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae). Phytotaxa 323 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.1.1
