identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E80E87B1FF97FF831C8FFA37FAC6F956.text	E80E87B1FF97FF831C8FFA37FAC6F956.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chalcophora hondurasica Casey 1909	<div><p>Chalcophora hondurasica Casey 1909:79 .</p><p>(Figures 9, 10)</p><p>This species was described from a single female from Honduras, with no other data. One of us (RLW) studied five specimens of C. hondurasica from Guacamaya, San Geronimo, 1800’, Guatemala; and Bonaca Island, Bay of Honduras, Honduras in the Biologia Centrali-Americana Collection (BMNH) that had been determined by C. O. Waterhouse as C. virginiensis and the data published by him (1882, 1889). A new determination label was placed on each specimen. Waterhouse (1882) also mentioned that there are four specimens from Mexico (no specific locality) in BMNH, but we have not seen them. One could be the specimen of C. mexicana Waterhouse from Juquila (q.v.). Our concept of C. hondurasica is largely based on a female compared with the holotype by G. H. Nelson, labeled from Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, Mpio. San Cristobal Verapaz, Baleu, + 1350 m, 16-VII-66, G. C. Walters (FSCA). Two other Guatemalan specimens are from Baja Verapaz, Los Limas, 1125 m, VII-77 (CLBC). We examined 15 additional specimens from the following localities in Honduras: Siguatepeque &amp; 10 mi N Siguatepeque, 10-20-VIII-78, 17-VIII-79, 4-VI-87 (FSCA, WFBM); Zamorano, F[rancisco] M[orazán], 22-V-76 (FSCA); Siguatepeque, 29-V-75, “under loose bark – dead pine 14 caught together”, and 11-VI-74 (RLWE). This species has heretofore been recorded only from Guatemala and Honduras (see above), Nicaragua (Maes, et al., 1993), and Belize (Westcott, 2008; as C. virginiensis). We have examined several other specimens of this species from Belize, some of which were labeled as taken on pine or pine slash. The following specimens represent the first authenticated records for MEXICO: Chiapas, [Cerro?] La Sepultura, Arriaga, 850 m, 27-VI-75, “Sierra Madre: Matorral orillas Selva Baja Decidua” (RLWE); San Quintín, 27-VII-77 (UNAM). The only place we could find by the latter name in Chiapas is at 16.406°, -91.347°, 220 m, and it seems an unlikely locality for pines. However, according to the collector, Peter Hubbell (pers. com.), this is the correct locality. One can check a map and see there are nearby areas of significantly higher elevation where pines should occur. A total of about 30 specimens of C. hondurasica were examined, ranging in size from 25–30 mm.</p><p>Obviously C. hondurasica very closely resembles C. virginiensis (Fig. 11), as it has been confused with that species. The former differs by having the front of the head more widely, somewhat more deeply depressed and the surface more punctate; the median smooth line of the pronotum is narrower, and the pronotal punctation on either side is less dense. See Fig. 10 for the male genitalia of C. hondurasica; the male parameres of C. virginiensis differ by being slightly swollen apically (Fig. 12). See discussion of the latter species in the following treatment.</p><p>PLATE 3. Live specimens in situ: Figure 13, Acmaeodera inusitata n. sp. on Acacia sp. at type locality, paratype, CLBC. Figure 14, Chalcophora mexicana Waterhouse on trunk of fallen pine, Michoacán, 19°04.401’, -101°46.689’, CLBC.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E80E87B1FF97FF831C8FFA37FAC6F956	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Westcott, Richard L.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Westcott, Richard L., Bellamy, Charles L. (2013): Mexican Buprestidae: two new species of Acmaeodera Eschscholtz and a review of the genus Chalcophora Dejean. Zootaxa 3640 (4): 572-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3640.4.5
E80E87B1FF96FF811C8FF8FCFCD2FEB9.text	E80E87B1FF96FF811C8FF8FCFCD2FEB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chalcophora mexicana Waterhouse 1882	<div><p>Chalcophora mexicana Waterhouse 1882:1 .</p><p>(Figures 5–8, 14)</p><p>This species too was described from a single female specimen (BMNH), and is labeled “ Type /S. Mexico Oaxaca/ Chalcophora mexicana, Type C. Waterh.” It measures 26.5 mm long. One of us (RLW) examined nine other specimens from BMNH labeled ”Zapotlan, Colima, Höge/B.C.A., III. Chalcophora virginiensis .” They are instead from Jalisco, Ciudad Guzmán (Selander and Vaurie 1962). This fact must have been recognized by Waterhouse (1889:167), who discussed those specimens and recorded the locality to be in that state. Ciudad Guzmán is in the municipality of Zapotlán el Grande, which name, though it is old, currently sometimes is used for the city. It is within about 25 kms of the Colima border, so it is possible that the actual collection was made in that state. Regardless, C. mexicana must occur there. Another specimen sent from BMNH is from Juquila [Oaxaca, 16°14’, 97°18’, 4900’, fide Selander and Vaurie 1962]. All 10 specimens bear Waterhouse’s determination label as C. virginiensis and all are male. They are part of the Biologia Centrali-Americana Collection, and RLW placed a determination label on each. In a series of 48 specimens (RLWE) of this species examined, 15 are female. Additional records from Jalisco, based on 43 specimens we examined, are: [near] Mazamitla, 6800’, 16-X-50; Tecalitlán [the town is at 1140 m, but likely the specimens were collected at about 1300 m around the nearby microwave station where there are pines], 31-VII-63; 5 km N, 3–17 km E El Tuito, 855–1130 m, on pine logs, 23 &amp; 27-VII-90, 2-X-91, 4-X-99 (FSCA, RLWE, WFBM); Tapalpa, km 2 La Frontera-Tapalpa, BPE, ex Pinus devoniana, 13-XI-94 (CZUG); Sierra Tapalpa, 9 km SE Chiquilistlán, 20°02’N, 103°50W, 1800 m, 21-X-96, pineoak forest, on standing dead trunk or log of Pinus lumholtzii (RLWE). Apparently, other than as mentioned above and listed in catalogs and checklists, there has been nothing published about this species since Dugès (1891), who recorded a specimen from Moroleon, Guanajuato. Forty-six specimens from the following localities represent new state records: DURANGO, 30 km W Durango, 13-X-82, Pinus cembroides (UANL). MICHOACAN, 16 km ENE Uruapan, 1900 m, 12-XI-76, on pine log (RLWE); and Km 98 Carr. Ario de Rosales – La Huacana, 19°04.401’, - 101°46.689’, 1285 m, 25-VIII-2002, on fallen trunk of Pinus sp. (CEAM, CLBC, RLWE). MORELOS, Cuernavaca, 2-VII-81 (RLWE) &amp; 30-IV-81 (UAEM); Cuernavaca, Chamilpa, 1900 m, on Pinus montezumae, 23- IX-81 (UAEM). NAYARIT, 20 mi E Tepic, 5-IX-65 (WFBM). SINALOA, El Palmetto, 2000 m, 6-IX-92, and 20 mi W El Palmetto, 20-VII-84 (CLBC); 30 mi [N]E Villa Union, 30-VIII-65, pine logs (FSCA); Hwy 40 @ Aserradero El Batel cutoff, 1900 M, 4-IX-92; La Capilla del Taxte, 3800’, 22-VI-91 (RLWE); Hwy. 40, El Batel, 1700 m, on pine slash, 6-VIII-90 (WFBM), and Hwy. 40 @ El Batel cutoff, 1900 m, 4-7-IX-92, and 2 km NE El Batel, 1970 m, 4-IX-92 (CLBC); Hwy 40, Loberas, 4-IX-92 (WFBM). SONORA, 20 mi SE Alamos, 4700’, 28- XI-70 (FSCA) [Assuming the elevation is correct, this location would have to be in a more easterly direction and the miles by air]; Yécora (airport), 28°29.9'N, 108°55.6'W, 1,550 m, 18-VII-2005 (TCMC). Johnson et al. (2012) mentioned “ Chalcophora sp.” on “standing dead pine” found near Yécora, but did not say if any were collected. According to Carl Olson (pers. comm.) three specimens, identified as C. mexicana by one of us (RLW) from images, were collected: Municipio de Yécora, 28.3825°N 108.885556°W, 1655 m elev., pine-oak forest, 3-VII-93, on dead standing pine in association with Chalcolepidius approximatus Erichson (UAIC). The known range of C. mexicana, then, is from the Sierra Madre Occidental in southern Sonora, through the western portion of the Transverse Neovolcanic Belt, south into the Sierra Madre del Sur.</p><p>As mentioned above, Waterhouse (1882, 1889) considered all the specimens he studied to be C. virginiensis except for one, which is the type of C. mexicana . However, he did mention a form represented by the specimens from Zapotlán that at first he suggested could be a distinct species, then considered it best to call it a variety of the former. Later, after seeing more specimens and discussing more variation, he ended on the same note, i.e. lumping everything but his type of C. mexicana under C. virginiensis . The type (Figs. 5, 6; showing how the same specimen can differ in appearance depending upon lighting) does exhibit very distinct coppery reflections in punctured depressed areas of the surface, and that is not a common variant. However, many specimens do appear somewhat coppery in those areas, but on closer inspection one can see the color comes more from a type of flocculence. Sometimes that flocculence is more grayish or whitish (Fig. 14), as can also be seen on some specimens of C. hondurasica . In summary, C. mexicana is a variable species, not only in its general appearance, but also in the shape of the sides of the pronotum—that too was noted by Waterhouse (1882, 1889)—and in females the apex of the last abdominal ventrite ranges from narrowly, truncately rounded to variably emarginate or notched. Based on the aforementioned 48 specimens, the size ranges from 23–32 mm. Although it is usually distinguished from C. hondurasica by general appearance, C. mexicana can be readily separated by the distinctly wider smooth elevated median line of the pronotum. The male genitalia (Fig. 8), which are uniform across the known populations, also are distinct, much longer than in either that species or C. virginiensis . The latter species is unknown in Mexico or Central America. It might be expected to occur in the Sierra Madre Oriental, but we are unaware of any specimen of this genus having been collected there or, excluding the two aforementioned specimens of C. hondurasica, anywhere along the eastern side of the country. The nearest occurrence of C. virginiensis to Mexico known to us is Bastrop, Texas (S. G. Wellso, pers. comm.), which is about 300 miles across arid lands to any apparently suitable habitat (pines) in Mexico for the genus. Thus, any earlier reference to C. virginiensis in Mexico or Central America must be regarded as either C. hondurasica or C. mexicana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E80E87B1FF96FF811C8FF8FCFCD2FEB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Westcott, Richard L.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Westcott, Richard L., Bellamy, Charles L. (2013): Mexican Buprestidae: two new species of Acmaeodera Eschscholtz and a review of the genus Chalcophora Dejean. Zootaxa 3640 (4): 572-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3640.4.5
