taxonID	type	description	language	source
FFEAC5AAF99D5078BFD3C78FD31A69BF.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Prosopis oblonga Benth. Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 348. 1842, a synonym of Anonychium africanum.	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
FFEAC5AAF99D5078BFD3C78FD31A69BF.taxon	description	Description. Unarmed trees 4 - 20 m high, branches lacking axillary brachyblasts. Stipules inconspicuous, long-lanceolate, pubescent, caducous as young leaves develop, absent from most herbarium sheets. Leaves somewhat pendulous, 1 - 4 pairs of pinnae, the petiole 3 - 5 cm long, the rachis 5 - 9 cm long, the pinnular rachises 6 - 15 cm long, with 4 - 13 pairs of opposite leaflets, these 1.3 - 3.5 x 0.4 - 1.5 cm, glabrous or finely pubescent, mid-vein subcentric. Inflorescences spicate, 5 - 9 cm long, axillary, solitary or in pairs, densely flowered; pedicels 0.5 mm. Flowers small, yellowish or greenish-white, sweetly scented; calyx ca. 1 mm long; corolla ca. 3.5 mm long, the petals linear, free, glabrous on both sides; anthers apically broadened with an unusual anther gland borne ventrally between the thecae and forming a triangular hood-shaped protrusion made up of papillate cells; pollen with costae on the pores and a smooth (perforated) tectum; ovary and style pilose or villous. Fruits indehiscent, straight or sub-falcate, dark reddish-brown to blackish, shiny, subterete, 10 - 20 x 1.5 - 3.3 cm, exocarp hard, 1 - 2 mm thick, mesocarp spongy, thick, dry, endocarp segments thin, longitudinal, in one row (Figs 5 B and 7 A). Seeds many, dark, shiny, ovate compressed, 8 - 10 x 4 - 9 mm, rattling within the pod when ripe.	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
FFEAC5AAF99D5078BFD3C78FD31A69BF.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. Monospecific. Widespread across Sahelian Africa, from Senegal in the west to Sudan and Ethiopia in the east (Fig. 8).	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
FFEAC5AAF99D5078BFD3C78FD31A69BF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Anonychium literally meaning the absence of nails or claws from the Latin or Greek ' onych' = ' onyx' meaning nail or claw, refers to the lack of armature of this genus.	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
54E79AEAC3D65F40B3F11507B845768E.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf. [= Mimosa juliflora Sw.].	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
54E79AEAC3D65F40B3F11507B845768E.taxon	description	Description. Spiny, erect to prostrate subshrubs, shrubs and small trees, (0.1 -) 4 - 10 (- 20) m high, usually with a short trunk to 40 - 60 (-> 100) cm diameter, branching lax with a spreading rounded or flat-topped crown, twigs cylindrical, flexuous, often arched downwards, glabrous, green or reddish, often with rather long internodes, armed with uninodal axillary, solitary or paired, straight, strong, cylindrical, subulate spines (Figs 2 and 3 E), these not necessarily at all nodes, 0.2 - 15 (- 33) cm long x 0.2 - 1.4 cm in diameter and sometimes thicker than the subtending twig, or with spinescent rigid straight cylindrical branchlets 8 - 50 cm, brachyblasts congested, blackish. Stipules small, triangular and dry. Leaves with 1 - 3 (- 8) pairs of pinnae, the petiole (0.2 -) 2 - 7.5 cm long, the pinnular rachises (0.2 -) 4 - 19 (- 24.5) cm long, with (1 -) 2 - 30 (- 50) pairs of opposite leaflets, these linear, ovate-oblong, oblong-linear or lance-ovate, more or less acute, palmately pinnativeined or almost without veins, (0.15 -) 2.5 - 10 x 0.05 - 3.5 cm, puberulous to scarcely ciliolate or glabrous, or sometimes aphyllous or subaphyllous (N. sericantha, N. kuntzei), the leaves small and soon falling off the young developing shoots which become spinescent. Inflorescences axillary, solitary or fascicled, spicate, (1.5 -) 3 - 15 cm long with 20 - 250 flowers on short 1.6 mm pedicels. Flowers white, yellow, greenish-yellow or occasionally red, often perfumed, sometimes some functionally male flowers; calyx 1 - 2 mm long; corolla 3 - 5 mm long, the petals almost free, pubescent, usually villous within; stamens and style exserted, anthers with a minute caducous incurved claviform gland arising from the connective. Fruits linear moniliform or compressed turgid (Figs 6 and 7 H-I), straw yellow, sometimes tinged reddish-maroon or black, 1 - several per infructescence, indehiscent, glabrous, mostly straight to subfalcate, S- or C-shaped or annular with 1 - 3 very lax open spirals, acuminate, (2 -) 5 - 29 cm in length x 0.5 - 2.6 cm diameter, margins often thickened and undulate, valves striate corrugate or smooth, exocarp crustaceous, mesocarp thin or more usually thick and pulpy, mealy or spongy, dry, usually sweet, endocarp hard and bony or coriaceous, with convex faces and acute extremities, segmented in longitudinal or transverse subquadrate closed seed chambers. Seeds brown, compressed ovate, 5 - 10 x 3 - 6 mm. See also Johnston (1962).	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
54E79AEAC3D65F40B3F11507B845768E.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. Potentially up to 43 species, but probably somewhat fewer (see below). Widespread across seasonally dry tropical and arid regions of the Americas with a pseudo-amphitropical bicentric pattern of greatest species diversity in the Mexican-Texan and Argentinian-Chilean-Paraguayan regions, especially diverse and abundant in the Chaco, with an outlying disjunct occurrence of Neltuma ruscifolia of questionable nativity in the Caatinga in north-east Brazil (Burkart 1976; Oliveira & Queiroz 2020) and extending into warm and some colder temperate areas in Texas and Nevada in the north and Patagonia in the south, where N. denudans Benth. reaches 48 ° S (Fig. 8).	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
54E79AEAC3D65F40B3F11507B845768E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Possibly derived from the common name Mulla Thumma in the Dravidian language Teluga in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, where Neltuma juliflora is introduced.	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
1FDCDDFBD7F251D0A1855B2AA5DBE797.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Prosopis spicigera L., a synonym of P. cineraria (L.) Druce.	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
1FDCDDFBD7F251D0A1855B2AA5DBE797.taxon	description	Description. Prickly subshrubs, shrubs, small trees or occasionally lianescent (P. farcta), 0.3 - 6.5 (- 10) m high, deep-rooted and sometimes invading via root suckers, prickles internodal, scattered, straight, somewhat acroscopic, conical with broad bases, 3 - 5 mm long (Figs 2 C, M and 3 C), stipular or axillary spines absent. Stipules foliaceous, ovate-acute, caducous. Leaves with 1 - 6 (- 7) pairs of pinnae, the petiole and rachis 0.5 - 4 cm, sometimes a prickle at the base of the petiole, the pinnular rachises 2 - 7 cm long, with 7 - 15 pairs of leaflets, these ovate or lanceolate, straight to sub-falcate or auriculate, mucronate, 2 - 15 x 2 - 4.5 mm, glabrous, puberulous or pubescent, mid-vein excentric. Inflorescences spicate, 4 - 13 cm long, axillary, solitary or in fascicles, peduncle sometimes with an amplexicaul bract, this caducous and leaving an oblique scar; pedicels 0.5 - 1.5 mm. Flowers small, yellow, yellowish-white, green or cream-green; calyx truncate, 0.8 - 1.2 mm long; corolla 3.5 - 4 mm long, the petals linear, nearly free, reflexed, glabrous on both sides; anthers with a minute caducous incurved claviform gland arising from the connective; pollen lacking costae on the pores, tectum irregularly areolate-verrucose. Fruits indehiscent, slender, elongate straight or sub-falcate, dark reddish-brown to blackish, shiny, cylindrical to sub-cylindrical, torulose, 1.5 - 19 x 0.4 - 2.5 cm, exocarp thin, brittle, shiny and smooth, orange-red becoming brown, red or black when ripe (Fig. 7 C), mesocarp spongy, endocarp segments thin, little developed, seed chambers longitudinal or transverse. Seeds well separated, longitudinal, ovate to ovoid, compressed, 6 - 8.5 x 5 - 6 x 2.5 - 3 mm.	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
1FDCDDFBD7F251D0A1855B2AA5DBE797.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. Reduced now to just three Old World species, these distributed across arid parts of North Africa (but apparently the genus rare at its western limits in Algeria and Tunisia), the Middle East and NW India (especially Punjab and Rajasthan) and reaching its northern limits in Afghanistan and Azerbaijan (Fig. 8).	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
1FDCDDFBD7F251D0A1855B2AA5DBE797.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Pasiecznick et al. (2001) suggested the name to be derived from pros - (Gk.: towards) and Opis (wife of Saturn, the Greek goddess of abundance and agriculture), hence ' towards agriculture' referring to the widespread utility of the genus.	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
4909AF2DAB6F5D6FA8CC4A7DC3D5E580.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. [= Strombocarpa strombulifera (Lam.) A. Gray].	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
4909AF2DAB6F5D6FA8CC4A7DC3D5E580.taxon	description	Description. Low spiny, sometimes creeping, shrubs or small trees, 0.15 - 3 (- 18) m high, multi-stemmed from the base or sometimes with a short trunk to 10 - 30 (- 45) cm diameter, usually densely and intricately much-branched, some species forming long underground, spreading, horizontal runners (gemmiferous roots or rhizomes), armed with strongly decurrent, straight, cinereous spiny stipules (Figs 2 E, H, I and 3 A), 0.1 - 3.5 (- 5.5) cm long, brachyblasts congested, blackish. Leaves always unijugate, the petiole (0.5 -) 2 - 15 mm, the pinnular rachises 1 - 4 cm long, with 3 - 30 pairs of well separated, alternate to opposite leaflets, these oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse to subacute, veins lacking or weakly 1 - 3 - veined, 2 - 12 x 0.6 - 4 mm, glaucous, puberulous or glabrescent. Inflorescences axillary, solitary, globose, ovoid-elliptic heads to 1.5 cm diameter at anthesis or shortly cylindrical-spicate, 3 - 8 cm long. Flowers small, bright or lemon yellow, young filaments red; calyx, 1.5 - 2.3 mm long; corolla 3 - 4 (- 6) mm long, the petals linear, partially united, villous within; stamens and style exserted, anthers with a minute, caducous, incurved claviform gland arising from the connective. Fruits densely clustered with 1 - 21 per flower head, indehiscent, lemon-yellow, straw-yellow or reddish-brown when ripe, slender, elongate, straight or falcate (in S. palmeri and S. ferox; Figs 5 C, E and 7 E-F), but usually more or less tightly spirally coiled (like corkscrews) with (1 -) 8 - 19 (- 24) regular coils, forming a cylindrical body 1.8 - 5.5 x 0.6 - 1.5 cm (Figs 5 F, G and 7 D) or irregularly and more openly coiled; exocarp crustaceous, mesocarp thin or more usually thick and pulpy, tannic, reddish, endocarp delicately segmented in longitudinal or transverse seed chambers which are easy to open or hard and closed. Seeds ovate or reniform ovoid, grey-green, 3 - 6 (- 7) x 3 - 4 mm.	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
4909AF2DAB6F5D6FA8CC4A7DC3D5E580.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. Ten species. Restricted to the New World and there occupying a markedly bicentric amphitropical distribution in arid and semi-arid regions of N. America (southern U. S. A., especially in the Sonoran Desert, Baja California and northern Mexico (Coahuila )) and S. America (south-central Peru to Argentina and Chile) (Fig. 8).	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
4909AF2DAB6F5D6FA8CC4A7DC3D5E580.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Strombo - (Italian. = conch) and - carpa (Gk. = fruit), referring to the resemblance of the fruits to the spiral shells of tropical marine molluscs (see Figs 5 F, G and 7 D).	en	Hughes, Colin E., Ringelberg, Jens J., Lewis, Gwilym P., Catalano, Santiago A. (2022): Disintegration of the genus Prosopis L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). PhytoKeys 205: 147-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.75379
