taxonID	type	description	language	source
ED726D24FFAFFFCFFF5FFB7AFF043D2D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be distinguished from other Nearctic nocturnal mutillids by the presence of a fourth mandibular tooth, which is found along the internal margin and projects posteriorly over the apex of the clypeus (see Tanner et al. 2009: Fig. 6). This species also has the following unique combination of characters: the dorsal carina of the mandible extends from the base of the mandible to the innermost tooth; the base of the clypeus is slightly raised, although neither carinate nor tuberculate and not horizontally produced; the frons is coarsely punctate, while the vertex moderately punctate; the length of the first flagellomere is 2 × its width; the head is strongly convergent posterior to the eyes; the length of the stigma is slightly shorter (~ 0.8 ×) than the length of the marginal cell measured along the costa; the mesosternum has large conical processes; and the paramere, in lateral view, is equally broad throughout its length except for the apex, which narrows to an acute angle; and the paramere is as broad as the cuspis medially (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 1).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAFFFCFFF5FFB7AFF043D2D.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAFFFCFFF5FFB7AFF043D2D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Acanthophotopsis falciformis falciformis Holotype data: California, Palm Springs, fall 1932, T. Zschokke (UMSP). Acanthophotopsis falciformis furcisterna Holotype data: Arizona, Tucson, 5 October 1935, O. Bryant (UMSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ S 13; 1 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ T. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ T; 3 ♂ S 1; 5 ♂ S 5; 2 ♂ S 7; 14 ♂ S 9; 3 ♂ S 11; 2 ♂ S 13; 1 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAFFFCFFF5FFB7AFF043D2D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada) and northern Mexico (Sonora). Activity. This species seems to be active later in the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAFFFCFFF5FFB7AFF043D2D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pitts et al. (2009) illustrated the genitalia of this species and Tanner et al. (2009) reviewed the species in this genus and synonymized Schuster's (1958) two subspecies. Although this species is found in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Allred 1973; Boehme et al. 2012), this species seems to be more abundant south of the transition zone and into the Sonoran Desert (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAEFFCFFF5FFE14FD2C392B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species is highly autapomorphic and has distinct genitalia with thick, flattened parameres that overlap in situ and stout cuspidis (Pitts & McHugh 2002: Figs. 12 – 14); the apices of the cuspis are armed with straight, stout spines and the internal border of the cuspidis are armed with short, stout, ventrally curving spines, as well as sparse setae (Pitts & McHugh 2002: Figs. l 3, 14). Additionally, this species lacks mesosternal armature, but has a flattened hypopygidium that is emarginated apically and carinate laterally, and a metasoma that is darker than the head and mesosoma, or has the integument of the mesosoma at least darkened under felt lines. Diagnosis of female. The female of A. dirce can be separated from that of A. campylognatha Schuster by the mesosoma and second metasomal tergum being only densely punctate (see Pitts & Wilson, 2009: Fig. 3) and the setae on the dorsum of the mesosoma and centrally on the second tergum being distinctly reddish-brown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAEFFCFFF5FFE14FD2C392B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mutilla dirce Fox, Holotype: Arizona, Tucson, coll. Wickham, type no. 4651 (ANSP). Acrophotopsis eurygnathus Schuster Holotype: USA, Arizona, Gila Co., Globe, 8. VII. 1949, coll. Werner and Nutting (CASC). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 9; 20 ♂ N 7; 4 ♂ N 5; 3 ♂ N 3; 12 ♂ N 1; 9 ♂ T; 1 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 5; 3 ♂ S 9; 1 ♂ S 13; 19 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 6 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 3; 6 ♂ S 9; 4 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ N 3; 4 ♂ S 9.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAEFFCFFF5FFE14FD2C392B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah) and northern Mexico (Sonora). Activity. This species seems to be active earlier in the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAEFFCFFF5FFE14FD2C392B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This genus was reviewed by Pitts & McHugh (2002), and Pitts & Wilson (2009). It is closely related to Dilophotopsis Schuster and Schusterphotopsis Pitts (Pitts 2003), with which it shares having the hypopygidium flattened and carinate posterolaterally. Although this species is found in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Ferguson 1967; Allred 1973 as A. eurygnatha), this species seems to be more abundant in more southern areas of the Mojave Desert and into the Sonoran Desert (Table 2 & 3).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAEFFCCFF5FFA16FD683DE5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. The male of this species has mesosternal armature, a flattened hypopygidium that is emarginated apically and carinate laterally, a metasoma that is darker than the head and mesosoma or has the integument of the mesosoma at least darkened under felt lines, and the cuspis of the genitalia is dorsoventrally flattened and uniquely elbowed (see Wilson & Pitts 2008: Figs 12 – 14). However, this species does not have parameres that overlap in situ. The mandibles are similar to Acrophotopsis campylognatha illustrated by Pitts et al. (2010 a: Fig. 2).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAEFFCCFF5FFA16FD683DE5.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAEFFCCFF5FFA16FD683DE5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Dilophotopsis concolor sonorensis Holotype data: Arizona, Gila Bend, 24 Apr 1935, F. H. Parker (UMSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 49 ♂ N 9; 11 ♂ N 7; 41 ♂ N 5; 7 ♂ N 3; 5 ♂ N 1; 1 ♂ S 11; 2 ♂ S 13; 132 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ S 1; 2 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 7; 2 ♂ S 11; 2 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 3 ♂ S 11; 3 ♂ S 13.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAEFFCCFF5FFA16FD683DE5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada) and northern Mexico (Baja California). Activity. This species seems to be active earlier in the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFAEFFCCFF5FFA16FD683DE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This genus was reviewed by Wilson & Pitts (2008) and Wilson & Pitts (2010 a), where they discovered that this species is morphologically and molecularly distinct from the other three subspecies, and raised it to the species level from the subspecies level. Its taxonomic position is discussed in Pitts (2003: see remarks for Acrophotopsis dirce). Although this species is found in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Ferguson 1967; Boehme et al. 2012), this species seems to be more abundant in more southern areas of the Mojave Desert and into the Sonoran Desert (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Pitts et al. 2010 a).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFADFFCCFF5FFE5CFBAC390A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has the following combination of characters: the mandible excised ventrally forming an angle, but does not taper towards the apex, the apex of the mandible is slightly dilated (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 3), the mesosternum has a single pair of large distinct spines that have a posterior face that is longitudinally sulcate and have an apex that is bifid, the metasternum is bidentate, and the pygidium is granulate, but not defined laterally by carinae. Genitalia are illustrated in Boehme et al. (2012: Fig. 2).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFADFFCCFF5FFE5CFBAC390A.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFADFFCCFF5FFE5CFBAC390A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Syntype data: Arizona (NMNH). USA: California: San Bernardino County: Joshua Tree National Park, Oasis of Mara, 1 ♂, 23. May. 2012, (EMUS).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFADFFCCFF5FFE5CFBAC390A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah). Activity. This species was rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFADFFCCFF5FFE5CFBAC390A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is in the O. parva species-group along with O. aufidia, O. bellona, O. dalyi, sp. nov., O. mamata, O. parva and O. odontoloxia, sp. nov., which also occur at JTNP. Although this species is found in the Sonoran and Mojave deserts (e. g. Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a; Boehme et al. 2012), this species seems to be more abundant in more northern areas of the Mojave Desert (Table 2 & 3), but not into the Great Basin Desert (e. g. Ferguson 1967). References for genitalia illustrations are given for this species and the other Odontophotopsis Viereck species, but they are less diagnostic than for the other genera of nocturnal genera. Mesosternal armature and mandibular morphology are of more importance for diagnosing the species of Odontophotopsis.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFADFFCDFF5FFA35FCE43DC1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by the presence of mesosternal processes, a deeply emarginate, tridentate mandible that is slightly oblique apically (see Boehme et al. 2012: Fig. 12 and Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 4), and a distinct tubercle located medially on the posterior margin of the clypeus, while usually lacking a sternal felt line. If a sternal felt line is present, it is weak and is defined by little more than a small cluster of micropunctures. Genitalia are illustrated in Boehme et al. (2012; Fig. 3).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFADFFCDFF5FFA35FCE43DC1.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFADFFCDFF5FFA35FCE43DC1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Neotype data: California, Riverside County, Deep Canyon, 15 males, 23 – 24 May 2007, Wilson, Williams and Pitts (EMUS). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 2 ♂ N 7; 1 ♂ N 5; 13 ♂ N 1; 53 ♂ T; 38 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 9; 3 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 6 ♂ N 7; 1 ♂ N 5; 1 ♂ N 3; 8 ♂ T; 50 ♂ S 1; 5 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 5; 1 ♂ S 7; 1 ♂ S 13. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 7 ♂ N 7; 2 ♂ N 3; 7 ♂ N 1; 23 ♂ T; 42 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 7; 1 ♂ S 9.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFADFFCDFF5FFA35FCE43DC1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada) and northern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFADFFCDFF5FFA35FCE43DC1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is in the O. serca species-group and can be sometimes confused with O. serca, from which it only can be separated by the presence of the clypeal tubercle, slight differences in mandibular morphology (the apex of the mandible is slightly, but noticeably, more oblique in this species) and sometimes the presence of a slight sternal felt line. This species is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2010 a). Although this species is found in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Ferguson 1967; Boehme et al. 2012), this species seems to be somewhat more abundant in more southern areas of the Mojave Desert and into the Sonoran Desert (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Wilson et al. 2010; Pitts et al. 2010 a).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFACFFCDFF5FFE7FFD0C3839.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species is recognized by having the following combination of characters: the mandible is excised ventrally forming an angle and tapering towards the apex (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 43), the mesosternum only has one pair of distinct spines, the metasternum is bidentate, and the pygidium is granulate, but is not defined laterally by carinae. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 9).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFACFFCDFF5FFE7FFD0C3839.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFACFFCDFF5FFE7FFD0C3839.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: California, Taft, 12 Jun 1942, W. C. Cook (UMSP). USA: California: San Bernardino County: Joshua Tree National Park, Black Rock Campground, 1 ♂, 23. Jul. 2012, F. Soffel & R. Zamorano (EMUS).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFACFFCDFF5FFE7FFD0C3839.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada). Activity. This species was rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFACFFCDFF5FFE7FFD0C3839.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is in the O. parva species-group and the taxonomy of this species is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2009). Although this species is found in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a; Boehme et al. 2012), this species seems to be more abundant in more southern areas of the Mojave Desert (Table 2 & 3) and Central Valley (e. g. Mickel 1983).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFACFFCDFF5FFB67FCDD3BE9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species is differentiated by having the mandible tridentate with a large basal tooth on the ventral margin (Mickel & Clausen 1983: Fig. 17) and by the pygidium being defined laterally by carinae and having distinctly granulate sculpturing. Also this species has a mesosternal process that is bifid apically (Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 106; and Mickel & Clausen 1983: Fig. 25). The genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 4 by Pitts (2007) and by Mickel & Clausen (1983: Fig. 4).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFACFFCDFF5FFB67FCDD3BE9.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFACFFCDFF5FFB67FCDD3BE9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Arizona, Pima County, Cortaro, 2100 ft, 5 Jun 1969, J. Burger (UMSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 4 ♂ N 9; 5 ♂ N 7; 8 ♂ N 5; 6 ♂ N 3; 2 ♂ N 1; 11 ♂ T; 8 ♂ S 1; 15 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 5; 4 ♂ S 7; 6 ♂ S 9; 2 ♂ S 11; 7 ♂ S 13; 40 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ N 3; 3 ♂ T; 27 ♂ S 1; 45 ♂ S 3; 35 ♂ S 5; 6 ♂ S 7; 6 ♂ S 9; 6 ♂ S 11; 5 ♂ S 13; 3 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ N 3; 6 ♂ S 1; 17 ♂ S 3; 4 ♂ S 5; 10 ♂ S 7; 33 ♂ S 9; 1 ♂ S 11; 3 ♂ S 13; 6 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFACFFCDFF5FFB67FCDD3BE9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFACFFCDFF5FFB67FCDD3BE9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is in the O. parva species-group and is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2009). Although this species is found in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Boehme et al. 2012), this species seems to be more abundant in more southern areas of the Mojave Desert (Table 2 & 3) and into the Sonoran Desert (e. g., Mickel & Clausen, 1983; Wilson et al. 2010; Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA3FFC2FF5FFF34FDBC3F93.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has a tridentate mandible with an extremely large dorsal tooth that is separated from the lower portion of the mandibular apex by a deep, wide sinus, which makes the mandibular apices appear biramose (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 29), and by the clypeus, which has a unique horseshoe-shaped tubercle posteromedially that overhangs the clypeus as a slight hood-like or nasutiform process. Also, this species has a single mesosternal process on each side of the midline, and has the cuspis being approximately half the free length of the paramere (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 10).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA3FFC2FF5FFF34FDBC3F93.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA3FFC2FF5FFF34FDBC3F93.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: California, Imperial County, Holtville, 2. Jul. 1929, P. W. Owens (NMNH). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 2 ♂ S 3; 4 ♂ S 5; 3 ♂ S 7; 1 ♂ S 11; 4 ♂ S 13; 1 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 2 ♂ S 7. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 3 ♂ S 9; 5 ♂ S 11; 6 ♂ S 13. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 1 ♂ S 9.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA3FFC2FF5FFF34FDBC3F93.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA3FFC2FF5FFF34FDBC3F93.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A more thorough taxonomic discussion of this species can be found in Pitts (2007). This species is currently placed in the O. setifera species-group with O. setifera based on mandibular morphology, but Pitts et al. (2010 b) found these two species to not be closely related. Although this species is found in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Boehme et al. 2012), this species seems to be more abundant in more southern areas of the Mojave Desert (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Wilson et al. 2010; Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a) and south of the transition zone.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA3FFC2FF5FFB8DFF5D3BD2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has a head that is rounded posteriorly, deeply excised mandibles that are slightly dilated apically (see Boehme et al. 2012: Fig. 13; and Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 8), has a transverse clypeus that is slightly depressed below mandibular margins, but lacks a tubercle situated posteromedially on the clypeus, has a pair of denticulate mesosternal processes situated anteromedially, has a shiny glabrous pygidium and has the metasoma usually castaneous, at least around the felt lines. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 11).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA3FFC2FF5FFB8DFF5D3BD2.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA3FFC2FF5FFB8DFF5D3BD2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Arizona, Tucson, 26 Aug 1939, O. Bryant (UMSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 9; 3 ♂ N 7; 2 ♂ N 3; 3 ♂ N 1; 1 ♂ T; 22 ♂ S 1; 65 ♂ S 3; 81 ♂ S 5; 94 ♂ S 7; 29 ♂ S 9; 86 ♂ S 11; 24 ♂ S 13; 111 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7; 3 ♂ N 3; 10 ♂ S 1; 8 ♂ S 3; 14 ♂ S 5; 48 ♂ S 7; 13 ♂ S 9; 8 ♂ S 11; 38 ♂ S 13; 23 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 2 ♂ T; 17 ♂ S 1; 55 ♂ S 3; 49 ♂ S 5; 61 ♂ S 7; 29 ♂ S 9; 14 ♂ S 11; 45 ♂ S 13; 7 6 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 2 ♂ S 5; 20 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA3FFC2FF5FFB8DFF5D3BD2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah) and northern Mexico (Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA3FFC2FF5FFB8DFF5D3BD2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is widespread and common in many parts of its range and the taxonomy of this species is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2009). It is placed in the O. melicausa species-group. This species is easily confused with O. microdonta. However, mandibular morphology and placement of the mesosternal tubercles differ (Ferguson 1967). This species is abundant throughout its range (e. g. Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a). At AMWR, this species was the most abundant (e. g. Boehme et al. 2012). At JTNP, this species was the second most abundant species (Table 2 & 3).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA2FFC0FF5FFF34FBA33C9C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by the mandibular morphology (Figs 1 and 2), especially the shape of the mandible (the mandible is vertical throughout with weak ventral tooth and slight ventral excision), the lack of mesosternal tubercles (Fig. 3), the well-developed sternal felt line, the dense plumose setal fringes on the apices of the metasomal segments, and the granulate pygidium that it is undefined laterally (Fig. 4). Genitalia are illustrated in Figs 13 and 14.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA2FFC0FF5FFF34FBA33C9C.taxon	description	Description of male. Coloration (Fig. 1). Body testaceous; flagellum and legs stramineous; ocellular triangle piceous. Body with sparse, erect, brachyplumose, yellowish-white setae. T 1 with sparse plumose fringe at distal margin. T 2 and S 2 with dense fringe of whitish plumose setae. T 3 – 5 and S 3 – 5 each with sparser, but conspicuous fringes of whitish plumose setae. Head (Figs 1 and 2). Head slightly quadrate posteriorly. Mandible tridentate (Fig. 2), weakly excised beneath, excision obtuse, slight ventral tooth angulate; dorsal carina complete terminating at moderate tooth; apex vertical; mandible parallel beyond excision; mandible slightly curving ventrally towards apex. Clypeus (Fig. 2) depressed below margin of mandible, median area concave; surface of clypeus polished, impunctate, with few erect setae; apex truncate, not bidentate. F 1 approximately 0.75 × length of F 2. Ocelli (Figs 1 and 2) moderate in size, ocellocular distance approximately 1.25 × greatest width of lateral ocellus. Head weakly sculptured with punctures slightly wider than setal bases; interstitial regions glabrous. Mesosoma (Fig. 2). Sides and dorsum of pronotum coarsely punctate, dorsum with moderate, shallow punctures, sides with somewhat larger, contiguous punctures. Mesonotum with moderate, contiguous, shallow punctures. Notaulus obsolete on anterior 0.3 of mesonotum. Scutellum coarsely, confluently punctate. Axillae not projecting posteriorly. Dorsum and posterior face of propodeum conspicuously, shallow reticulate, reticulations extending on to sides of propodeum, either remaining reticulate laterally or becoming coarse, punctate-reticulate. Anterolateral area of mesopleuron with moderate, shallow, separated punctures; remainder of mesopleuron with deeper, contiguous to confluent punctures; interstitial areas micropunctate. Metapleuron polished. Mesosternal processes absent (Fig. 3), coarsely punctate. Mid and hind coxa edentate. Mid femur not swollen. Marginal cell on costa short, ~ 1 × length of stigma. Metasoma (Fig. 1). First metasomal segment broad, nodose. Pygidium elongate and ovate, granulate along posterior margin, not margined (Fig. 4); S 2 with felt line, 0.3 × length of tergal felt line. Hypopygidium elongate and ovate; apical margin rounded. Genitalia (Figs 13 and 14) with paramere acicular; cuspis elongate, approximately 0.5 × free length of paramere, and cylindrical in lateral view, with moderate basal pit. Length. 10 – 13 mm. Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA2FFC0FF5FFF34FBA33C9C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data, ♂: USA: Arizona: Maricopa County, Vekol Wash, 5 km N I- 8 at Vekol Rd crossing, 25. May- 3. Jun. 2010, M. E. Irwin & F. D. Parker (EMUS); Paratypes: USA: Arizona: Maricopa County, Vekol Wash, 5 km N I- 8 at Vekol Rd crossing, 1 ♂, 25. May- 3. Jun. 2010, 6 ♂, 3 - 7. Jun. 2010, M. E. Irwin & F. D. Parker (EMUS); Yuma County: Yuma Proving Ground, 27. Jul. 2001, S. L. Buchmann (EMUS). California: San Diego County, Borrego, 1 ♂, 3. May. 1956, P. D. Hurd (CISC). Mexico: Sonora, Desemboque, 1 ♂, 1 - 10. Sep. 1953, B. Malkin (CISC). Other material examined. USA: California: Riverside County: Joshua Tree National Park, Site S 9, 2 ♂, 23 - 24. Sep. 2012, Site N 7, 1 ♂, 27.28. Aug. 2012, E. Sadler & K. Weglarz (EMUS), Site S 7, 2 ♂ 27 - 28. Oct. 2012, E. Sadler & Z. Portman (EMUS).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA2FFC0FF5FFF34FBA33C9C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona and California). Activity. This species was too rare at JTNP to assess its activity patterns.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA2FFC0FF5FFF34FBA33C9C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of Carroll John Daly (1889 – 1958) who was a writer of crime fiction, and who has been credited with creating the first hard-boiled story and created the private detective Race Williams.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA2FFC0FF5FFF34FBA33C9C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although this species lacks mesosternal processes, this species belongs in the O. parva speciesgroup due to the head shape, mandibular morphology, bidentate metasternum, metasomal segment 1 being petiolate with segment 2 and being strongly punctate, sternal felt line, and granulate pygidium. Mesosternal processes are also lacking in O. hammetti Pitts, 2010, O. rubriventris Schuster, 1958 and O. sonora (Schuster). The mandibular shape is similar to that of O. mamata. This species could be most easily confused with O. hammetti. It differs, however, in the shape of the mandibles. The mandible of O. hammetti is straighter and is dilated apically, the hind coxae are less hirsute and the mesosternum is convex. The mandible of O. dalyi, sp. nov., is more bent and is not dilated apically, the hind coxae are densely hirsute and the mesosternum is flattened.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA1FFC1FF5FF9AEFD6B3F71.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has a head that is rounded posteriorly, deeply excised mandibles that are parallel or undilated apically, lacks a tubercle situated posteromedially on the clypeus, has a pair of denticulate mesosternal processes that are small and indistinct, the integument is orange even beneath the felt lines, and has a shiny glabrous pygidium. Additions to Viereck’s description of male. Integument orangish. Mandible excised beneath, ~ 0.6 × basal width, not dilated apically. Clypeal base not tuberculate, convex. Apical margin slightly emarginated. Antenna stramineous. Ocellular area slightly infuscated. OOD ~ 1.5 and IOD ~ 1.25 lateral ocellus. Legs stramineous. Mesopleura anteriorly glabrous with few large punctures, with few plumose setae. Mesosternal processes single pair, small, indistinct, approximate. Dense plumose setae posterior to processes. MC slightly longer than stigma, ~ 1.2 × stigma. MC rounded apically. T 1 shallow punctures laterally, glabrous medially, with plumose fringe. T 2 – T 6 with plumose fringes. Pygidium weakly granulate with apical fringe of setae. S 2 slightly tumid mediobasally. Hypopygidium punctate throughout, rounded apically.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA1FFC1FF5FF9AEFD6B3F71.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA1FFC1FF5FF9AEFD6B3F71.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Arizona (UMSP). Holotype data: California, Riverside County, Palm Springs, 8. May. 1932, T. Zschokke (UMSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 3; 1 ♂ T; 1 ♂ S 1; 5 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 9; 1 ♂ S 11. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7; 4 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 3; 4 ♂ S 5; 45 ♂ S 7; 36 ♂ S 9; 8 ♂ S 11; 3 ♂ S 13; 1 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7; 1 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 3; 4 ♂ S 5; 7 ♂ S 7; 11 ♂ S 9; 9 ♂ S 11; 14 ♂ S 13.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA1FFC1FF5FF9AEFD6B3F71.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA1FFC1FF5FF9AEFD6B3F71.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Viereck’s original description stated that the antennae and legs were pale testaceous. The holotype, however, has the legs and antennae stramineous. Study of the holotype and paratypes of, as well as variation in, O. ambigua revealed that the characters Mickel (in Mickel & Clausen, 1983) used to separate O. delodonta and O. ambigua, namely presence or absence of an indistinct clypeal tubercle, are not significant. As such these species are considered conspecific here. This species is a member of the O. melicausa species-group. Although this species is found in the Mojave Desert, this species seems to be more abundant in more southern areas of the Mojave Desert (Table 2 & 3) and into the Sonoran Desert, as it was not found at the NTS (e. g. Ferguson 1967) or AMWR (e. g. Boehme et al. 2012).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA0FFC1FF5FFC2FFDA83B55.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has the following combination of characters: the mandible is excised ventrally, forming a slight tooth that is dilated towards the apex (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 32), the mesosternum only has one pair of large distinct spines that are flattened to slightly concave on the posterior side, the metasternum is tridentate, the second sternum of the metasoma lacks a felt line, and the pygidium is granulate and is defined laterally by carinae. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 12). Diagnosis of female. The female of this species can be diagnosed by dense appressed setae present on the dorsum that obscures the integumental sculpture and are distinctly plumose at the base of the setal shaft becoming simple apically. Also the ventral margin of the mandible has a distinct angulation, flagellomere 1 is much longer than flagellomere 2, the mesosoma is hexagonal in dorsal view, the first segment of the metasoma is sessile with the second, and the second metasomal segment is of normal length being ~ 1 × as long as anterior width or just slightly greater.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA0FFC1FF5FFC2FFDA83B55.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: California (ANSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 1; 5 ♂ T; 2 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 11; 36 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 3 ♂ N 3; 3 ♂ N 1; 11 ♂ T; 102 ♂ S 1; 11 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 5; 3 ♂ S 7; 23 ♂ S 9; 5 ♂ S 11; 11 ♂ S 13; 19 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7; 2 ♂ N 3; 1 ♂ N 1; 1 ♂ T; 6 ♂ S 3; 2 ♂ S 5; 3 ♂ S 7; 23 ♂ S 9; 5 ♂ S 11; 11 ♂ S 13; 19 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 1 ♂ S 3; 4 ♂ S 9.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA0FFC1FF5FFC2FFDA83B55.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA0FFC1FF5FFC2FFDA83B55.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pitts et al. (2009) recently associated the sexes using distributional and morphological data. Further taxonomic description of this species can also be found in Pitts et al. (2009). This species is a member of the O. venusta species-group and is seemingly abundant throughout its range (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Wilson et al. 2010; Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a; Boehme et al. 2012).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA0FFC6FF5FF8CCFCC63EE1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be easily recognized by the distinct mesosternal processes, which are made up of large glabrous longitudinal swellings located on either side of the midline. Genitalia are illustrated in Boehme et al. (2012: Fig. 5) with the paramere having a characteristic bend at approximately 0.66 × the free length from the base, and the mandibles can be viewed in Pitts et al. (2010 a: Fig. 10).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA0FFC6FF5FF8CCFCC63EE1.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA0FFC6FF5FF8CCFCC63EE1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Arizona, Ehrenberg, 12 June 1935, F. H. Parker (UMSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 12 ♂ T; 18 ♂ S 1; 3 ♂ S 3; 2 ♂ S 7; 1 ♂ S 9; 7 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 10 ♂ T; 34 ♂ S 1; 11 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 5; 4 ♂ S 7; 3 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ N 1; 7 ♂ T; 23 ♂ S 1; 5 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 5; 2 ♂ S 9; 4 ♂ S 11; 2 ♂ S 13; 2 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 2 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA0FFC6FF5FF8CCFCC63EE1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA0FFC6FF5FF8CCFCC63EE1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is placed in the O. parva species-group and the taxonomy of this species is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2009). This species is abundant throughout its range (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Boehme et al. 2012), but for this study was more abundant at and south of the transition zone. It is a common species in the Sonoran Desert (e. g. Wilson et al. 2010; Pitts et al. 2010 a).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA7FFC6FF5FFD5FFC333B44.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has a head that is quadrate posteriorly, deeply excised mandibles that are distinctly dilated apically (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 33), lacks a tubercle situated posteromedially on the clypeus, has a pair of denticulate mesosternal processes, and has a shiny glabrous pygidium. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 13).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA7FFC6FF5FFD5FFC333B44.taxon	description	Female. The female of this species has dense appressed setae on the dorsum that obscures the integumental sculpture and are distinctly plumose at the base of the setal shaft becoming simple apically. Also the ventral margin of the mandible is excised and has a rounded tooth, flagellomere 1 is longer than flagellomere 2, the lateral margins of the posterior half of the mesosoma are parallel in dorsal view, the first segment of the metasoma is petiolate with the second, the second metasomal segment is of normal length being ~ 1 × as long as anterior width or just slightly greater, and the pygidium is strongly striate.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA7FFC6FF5FFD5FFC333B44.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Agama melicausa Holotype data: Texas, Belfrage (ANSP). Mutilla brevicornis Syntype data: Texas; Montana (ANSP). Odontophotopsis mellicornis Holotype data: Nevada, Ormsby County, (CUIC). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 7 ♂ N 9; 9 ♂ N 7; 1 ♂ S 1; 3 ♂ S 11; 2 ♂ S 13; 16 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 3 ♂ N 7; 5 ♂ N 3; 2 ♂ T; 3 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 7; 2 ♂ S 11; 3 ♂ S 13. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 3 ♂ N 9; 3 ♂ N 7; 4 ♂ N 3; 4 ♂ S 11; 8 ♂ S 13; 7 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA7FFC6FF5FFD5FFC333B44.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming), Canada (British Columbia) and northern Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, and Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA7FFC6FF5FFD5FFC333B44.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The taxonomy of this species is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2009). Although this species is found throughout the west (e. g. Wilson et al. 2010; Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a; Boehme et al. 2012), this species seems to be more abundant in more northern areas of the Mojave Desert (Table 2 & 3) and into the Great Basin Desert. This species is a member of the O. melicausa species-group.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA7FFC7FF5FF8FCFC0A3F5C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has a head that is rounded posteriorly, deeply excised mandibles that are slightly dilated apically (see Boehme et al. 2012: Fig. 14), has a transverse clypeus that is slightly depressed below mandibular margins, but lacks a tubercle situated posteromedially on the clypeus, has a pair of denticulate mesosternal processes situated more laterally and posteriorly than in O. clypeata, has a shiny glabrous pygidium and the metasoma is usually castaneous, at least around the felt lines. Genitalia are illustrated in Boehme et al. (2012: Fig. 6).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA7FFC7FF5FF8FCFC0A3F5C.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA7FFC7FF5FF8FCFC0A3F5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Nevada, Nye County, 5 mi. NNW Mercury, 25 Aug 1964, W. E. Ferguson (NMNH). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 64 ♂ N 9; 22 ♂ N 7; 62 ♂ N 5; 41 ♂ N 3; 10 ♂ N 1; 16 ♂ T; 3 ♂ S 1; 49 ♂ S 3; 8 ♂ S 5; 2 ♂ S 7; 31 ♂ S 9; 536 ♂ S 11; 79 ♂ S 13; 29 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 7 ♂ N 9; 21 ♂ N 7; 2 ♂ N 5; 67 ♂ N 3; 1 ♂ N 1; 3 ♂ S 1; 4 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 5; 2 ♂ S 7; 1 ♂ S 9; 23 ♂ S 11; 50 ♂ S 13; 14 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 8 ♂ N 9; 10 ♂ N 7; 10 ♂ N 5; 17 ♂ N 3; 11 ♂ N 1; 3 ♂ T; 7 ♂ S 1; 142 ♂ S 3; 14 ♂ S 5; 7 ♂ S 7; 10 ♂ S 9; 154 ♂ S 11; 157 ♂ S 13; 91 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 1 ♂ S 9; 1 ♂ S 11.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA7FFC7FF5FF8FCFC0A3F5C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA7FFC7FF5FF8FCFC0A3F5C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was first described by Ferguson (1967) from the NTS and is most abundant in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Wilson et al. 2010; Boehme et al. 2012). At JTNP, this species was the most abundant species (Table 2 & 3). This species is a member of the O. melicausa species-group.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA6FFC7FF5FFCC4FEDA3AC5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has a head that is rounded posteriorly, has deeply excised mandibles that are slightly dilated apically, lacks a tubercle situated posteromedially on the clypeus, and has an elongate clypeus that is level with the mandibular margins, has a pair of denticulate mesosternal processes, and has a shiny glabrous pygidium. The genitalia are illustrated in Pitts et al. (2009: Figs. 14 and 15). Diagnosis of female. The female of this species has the ventral margin of the mandible being excised and having a rounded tooth (Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 34), flagellomere 1 being as long as flagellomere 2, the lateral margins of the posterior half of the mesosoma being parallel in dorsal view, the first segment of the metasoma being petiolate with the second, the second metasomal segment being of normal length, ~ 1 × as long as anterior width or just slightly greater, the pygidium being weakly striate to granulate, and by the dense appressed setae present on the dorsum that obscure the integumental sculpture and are distinctly plumose at the base of the setal shaft becoming simple apically.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA6FFC7FF5FFCC4FEDA3AC5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Neotype data: California, Imperial County, 3 mi NW Glamis, 15 – 16. Sep. 1972, M. S. Wasbauer and A. Hardy (CDFA). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 2 ♂ S 9. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ S 9.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA6FFC7FF5FFCC4FEDA3AC5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona and California). Activity. This species is seemingly rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA6FFC7FF5FFCC4FEDA3AC5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is placed in the O. melicausa species-group and is likely sister to O. territa Schuster, 1958 (Pitts et al. 2009). This species is most abundant in the Sonoran Desert (e. g. Wilson et al. 2010; Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA6FFC5FF5FF97CFC003884.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be immediately recognized by the mandibular morphology alone, where the third (dorsal) tooth at the apex of the mandible is dilated dorsally (Fig. 6). This is a unique mandibular shape for nocturnal mutillids. Also, the prominent mesosternal tubercles (Fig. 7), the well-developed sternal felt line, the dense plumose setal fringes on the apices of the metasomal segments, and the granulate pygidium (Fig. 8) that it is defined laterally delimit this species. Genitalia are illustrated in Figs 15 and 16.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA6FFC5FF5FF97CFC003884.taxon	description	Description of male. Coloration (Fig. 5). Body testaceous; antenna and legs stramineous; ocellular triangle Head (Fig. 6). Head rounded posteriorly. Mandible (Fig. 6) tridentate, weakly but broadly excised beneath, excision obtuse, ventral tooth small, angulate; dorsal carina complete terminating at large tooth with angulate dorsal lamella; apex vertical; mandible dilated beyond excision; mandible slightly curving ventrally towards apex. Clypeus (Fig. 6) depressed below margin of mandible, median area concave; surface of clypeus polished, impunctate, with few erect setae; apex truncate, not bidentate. F 1 approximately 0.8 × length of F 2. Ocelli (Figs 5 and 6) moderate in size, ocellocular distance approximately 2 × greatest width of lateral ocellus. Head weakly sculptured with punctures slightly wider than setal bases; interstitial regions glabrous. Mesosoma (Fig. 5). Sides and dorsum of pronotum coarsely punctate, dorsum with moderate, shallow punctures, sides with somewhat larger, contiguous punctures. Mesonotum with moderate, contiguous, shallow punctures. Notaulus obsolete on anterior 0.3 of mesonotum. Scutellum coarsely, confluently punctate. Axillae not projecting posteriorly. Dorsum and posterior face of propodeum conspicuously, shallow reticulate, reticulations extending on to sides of propodeum, either remaining reticulate laterally or becoming coarse, punctate-reticulate. Anterolateral area of mesopleuron with moderate, shallow, separated punctures; remainder of mesopleuron with deeper, contiguous to confluent punctures; interstitial areas micropunctate. Metapleuron polished. Mesosternum (Fig. 7) bidentate, tubercles large, triangular and concave in posterior view; sinus between tubercles U-shaped. Mid and hind coxa edentate. Mid femur not swollen. Marginal cell on costa short, ~ 1 × length of stigma. Metasoma (Fig. 5). First metasomal segment broad, nodose. Pygidium (Fig. 8) elongate and ovate, distinctly granulate along posterior margin, strongly margined laterally; S 2 with felt line, 0.3 × length of tergal felt line. Hypopygidium elongate and ovate; apical margin rounded. Genitalia (Figs 15 and 16) with paramere acicular; cuspis elongate, approximately 0.5 × free length of paramere, and cylindrical in lateral view, with moderate basal pit. Length. 10 – 13 mm. Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA6FFC5FF5FF97CFC003884.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data, ♂: San Bernardino County: Highway 177, 10.2 km S Highway 62, 33.95861 o N 115.24238 o W, 240 m, 26 - 27. May. 2017, E. & K. Williams (EMUS). Paratypes: USA, California, Riverside County: Kelso Dunes, 1 ♂, 7. July. 1972, F. Andrews & E. Kane (CDFA); Wileys Well, 1 ♂, 6. Oct. 1988, T. Griswold (EMUS); San Bernardino County: Highway 177, 10.2 km S Highway 62, 33.95861 o N 115.24238 o W, 240 m, 53 ♂, 26 - 27. May. 2017, E. & K. Williams (CDFA, EMUS); Needles, 1 ♂, 30. July. 1968, J. Lambert (CDFA); Sheephole Valley Road, 4.5 km N Highway 62, 34.12185 o N 115.35918 o W, 330 m, 1 ♂, 26 - 27. May. 2017, E. & K. Williams (CDFA); Nevada, Clark County, St. Thomas Gap, 1 ♂, 27. Aug. 1998, C. Shultz, O. & S. Messinger (CISC). Other material examined. USA: California: San Bernardino County: Joshua Tree National Park, Dale Mine, 1 ♂, 25. Jun. 2012, F. & J. Cambon (EMUS); Riverside County, Joshua Tree National Park, Site S 5, ♂, 22 - 23. Sep. 2012, E. Sadler & K. Weglarz (EMUS).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA6FFC5FF5FF97CFC003884.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California, and Nevada). Activity. This species is rare in JTNP and we were unable to assess activity patterns.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA6FFC5FF5FF97CFC003884.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Greek odonto- meaning tooth and the Greek – loxos meaning slanting. Odontoloxia is a common dental term for irregular teeth made in reference to the snaggletoothed appearance of this species’ mandible.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA6FFC5FF5FF97CFC003884.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs in the O. parva species-group due to the head shape, mandibular morphology, bidentate metasternum, metasomal segment 1 being petiolate with segment 2 and being strongly punctate, sternal felt line, and defined granulate pygidium. The mesosternal processes are similar to O. parva and O. acmaea, and specimens of this species may be misidentified as O. acmaea in collections.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA4FFDAFF5FFA83FAC13CB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has the mandible excised ventrally forming an angle, but does not taper towards the apex (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 35), the mesosternum has only one pair of large distinct spines that have a posterior face that is longitudinally sulcate, the metasternum is bidentate, and the pygidium is granulate and is defined laterally by carinae. The genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Figs 16, 17). Diagnosis of female. The female of this species has the ventral margin of the mandible having a distinct angulation (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 35), flagellomere 1 being only slightly longer than flagellomere 2, the lateral margins of the posterior half of the mesosoma being parallel in dorsal view, the first segment of the metasoma being sessile with the second, the second metasomal segment being of normal length, ~ 1 × as long as anterior width or just slightly greater, the pygidium being longitudinally striate, and by the dense appressed setae present on the dorsum that obscure the integumental sculpture and are distinctly plumose at the base of the setal shaft becoming simple apically.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA4FFDAFF5FFA83FAC13CB1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Arizona, Arlington, 17. Jun. 1919, A. Wetmore (UMSP). JTNP: 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 2 ♂ S 9. USA: California: San Bernardino County: Joshua Tree National Park, Dale Mine, 1 ♂, 25. Jun. 2012, F. & J. Cambon (EMUS).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA4FFDAFF5FFA83FAC13CB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada) and northern Mexico (Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFA4FFDAFF5FFA83FAC13CB1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is in the O. parva species-group and the taxonomy of this species has been discussed in Pitts et al. (2009). This species seems to be rare throughout its range (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Pitts et al. 2009).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDAFF5FFEEFFF083FF4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has unique mesosternal processes. The mesosternum is armed along the midline with four separated subequal spine-like processes, with two processes on each side of midline that are arranged in almost a square shaped pattern with the posterior pair slightly wider apart than the anterior pair. Sometimes a third smaller tooth is present posterior to the second tooth as in Fig. 24 (Pitts 2007). The setal coloration varies from white to pale golden, while the integument is orange. The mandible is tridentate and deeply excised ventrally (see Pitts 2007: Fig. 23) with the apical portion moderately dilated, but not contorted or ventrally curved as in O. exogyra (see Pitts 2007: Fig. 13, 14). Also, the metasoma is petiolate and slightly nodose, the pygidium varies from polished to slightly granulate but is undefined laterally and has a dense apical fringe of setae.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDAFF5FFEEFFF083FF4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: California, Kern Co., Taft, 13. Jun. 1942, W. C. Cook (UMSP).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDAFF5FFEEFFF083FF4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDAFF5FFEEFFF083FF4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was not collected in the course of this study and specimens have not been seen of it from JTNP, but may occur in JTNP. This species was reviewed in Pitts (2007) and is placed in its own speciesgroup.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDAFF5FFBACFE993B5F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by having the marginal cell much shorter than the stigma as measured along the costal vein, and two pairs of mesosternal processes forming a square, with the anterior pair much more obvious than the posterior pair. Also, the mandibles are deeply emarginate along the ventral margin, but the mandible narrows towards the apex (see Pitts 2007: Fig. 67). Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 18).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDAFF5FFBACFE993B5F.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDAFF5FFBACFE993B5F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Neotype data: California, Palm Springs, 1 May 1933, At light, Theo. Zschokke (UMSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 2 ♂ T; 6 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 11; 2 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 2 ♂ N 3; 7 ♂ S 1; 9 ♂ S 3; 5 ♂ S 5; 10 ♂ S 7; 9 ♂ S 9; 12 ♂ S 11; 4 ♂ S 13; 1 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ N 3; 11 ♂ S 3; 6 ♂ S 5; 10 ♂ S 7; 17 ♂ S 9; 11 ♂ S 11; 2 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDAFF5FFBACFE993B5F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada) and northern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDAFF5FFBACFE993B5F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is rare throughout its range and the taxonomy of this species is discussed in Pitts et al. (2009). This species can be difficult to identify, because the mesosternal processes are weak and sometimes difficult to observe. As such, this species could be confused as a species of Sphaeropthalma, but the genitalia are distinct. This species is typically rare throughout its range, but seems to be locally abundant at times (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a) and was collected in this study south of the transition zone. This species is placed in its own species-group.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDBFF5FF8CAFCB53F5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by the lack of a clypeal tubercle, by having deeply excised mandibles with a vertical apex (see Boehme et al. 2012: Fig. 8), by having simple but prominent mesosternal processes, and by lacking a sternal felt line. Genitalia are illustrated in Boehme et al. (2012: Fig. 16).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDBFF5FF8CAFCB53F5D.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDBFF5FF8CAFCB53F5D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Mexico, Lower California, type no. 4979 (ANSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 3 ♂ N 9; 1 ♂ N 7; 1 ♂ N 5; 3 ♂ N 3; 19 ♂ N 1; 123 ♂ T; 107 ♂ S 1; 9 ♂ S 3; 4 ♂ S 5; 2 ♂ S 9; 6 ♂ S 11; 3 ♂ S 13; 15 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 3 ♂ N 7; 2 ♂ N 3; 24 ♂ N 1; 130 ♂ T; 187 ♂ S 1; 9 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 5; 2 ♂ S 7; 3 ♂ S 9; 8 ♂ S 11; 3 ♂ S 13; 1 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 2 ♂ N 7; 3 ♂ N 3; 8 ♂ N 1; 3 ♂ T; 81 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 3; 5 ♂ S 9; 3 ♂ S 11; 1 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDBFF5FF8CAFCB53F5D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada) and northern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBBFFDBFF5FF8CAFCB53F5D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis serca, unlike O. armata, never develops a felt line on the second metasomal sternum, but can be easily confused with this species. The clypeal tubercle, however, is distinct in O. armata. This species is a member of the O. serca species-group along with O. armata and O. mariae (Cameron, 1896). This species, along with O. melicausa, sometimes develops a slight secondary mesosternal tubercle posterior to the primary one and is sometimes unilateral (Ferguson 1967). The taxonomy of this species is discussed in more detail in Pitts et al. (2009). Although this species is found in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Ferguson 1967; Boehme et al. 2012), this species seems to be more abundant in more southern areas of the Mojave Desert and into the Sonoran Desert (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Wilson et al. 2010; Pitts et al. 2010 a).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBAFFDBFF5FFCC4FE3E39BE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by its unique mandibular morphology. The mandible has the apex vertical and has four teeth with the dorsal tooth separated from the remaining teeth by a deep sinus (see Boehme et al. 2012: Fig. 17). Other potentially useful characters are listed in Pitts (2007) and Pitts et al. (2009). Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts (2007: Figs 30, 31).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBAFFDBFF5FFCC4FE3E39BE.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBAFFDBFF5FFCC4FE3E39BE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: California, Riverside County, Palms to Pines Highway, 28 May 1940, R. M. Bohart (UMSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 8 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBAFFDBFF5FFCC4FE3E39BE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah) and northern Mexico (Baja California). Activity. This species is seemingly rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBAFFDBFF5FFCC4FE3E39BE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A more thorough taxonomic discussion of this species can be found in Pitts (2007). This species is currently placed in the O. setifera species-group with O. biramosa (see discussion for this species). This species is seemingly rare throughout its range (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Ferguson 1967; Pitts 2007; Wilson et al. 2010; Pitts et al. 2010 a; Boehme et al. 2012).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBAFFD8FF5FF9E9FD663DE5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by the lack of a tooth on the ventral margin of the mandible, the mandibular apex is tridentate and oblique (see Pitts 2007: Fig. 32), and by the clypeus being elongate and projecting over the dorsal margins of the mandibles. Also, this species lacks mesosternal armature, even though it is placed in the genus Odontophotopsis. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Figs 20, 21).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBAFFD8FF5FF9E9FD663DE5.taxon	description	Female. Unknown, but will possibly be similar to the females of the O. melicausa species-group based on male morphology.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBAFFD8FF5FF9E9FD663DE5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Arizona, Tucson, 10 Sep 1935. Bryant (UMSP). JTNP: 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ S 3; 4 ♂ S 7; 4 ♂ S 9. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 5; 1 ♂ S 7.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBAFFD8FF5FF9E9FD663DE5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada). Activity. This species is seemingly rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBAFFD8FF5FF9E9FD663DE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pitts (2007) moved this species from Sphaeropthalma to Odontophotopsis based on genitalic morphology and presence of dense plumose fringes on the metasoma, even though the species lacks mesosternal tubercles. Pitts et al. (2010 b) performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis and confirmed this taxonomic change. It is placed in its own species-group. Although this species is found in multiple deserts (e. g. Ferguson 1967; Pitts 2007; Pitts et al. 2009; Boehme et al. 2012), this species seems to be more abundant in the more northern areas of its range in the Mojave Desert (Table 2 & 3).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFD8FF5FFE5CFD723895.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has the clypeus concave with a tuberculate process at median proximal margin, but the process is narrowly linguiform, is produced downward over clypeus, is prominent and is much longer than wide (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 108). Additionally, the anterior margin of the clypeus is distinctly emarginated and turned outward, the ocellar area usually is concolorous with the head, but sometimes slightly infuscated, the cuspis is slightly narrowed medially having an apex with stout setae while having thinner setae medially and has an inner margin with circular area of dense short setae. Genitalia are as in Pitts (2007: Figs. 54 – 56).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFD8FF5FFE5CFD723895.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFD8FF5FFE5CFD723895.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Neotype data: USA: AZ: Graham Co., 2.4 mi W Hwy 366 From Hwy 191, 3800 ’, 14 – 26. Aug. 1993, Hara (EMUS). USA: California: San Bernardino County: Joshua Tree National Park, Oasis of Mara, 1 ♂, 20. Sep. 2012, D. Garrett (EMUS).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFD8FF5FFE5CFD723895.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada) and northern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFD8FF5FFE5CFD723895.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pitts (2007) was unable to locate Schuster’s holotype for this species and designated a neotype. A more thorough discussion of this species can be found in Pitts (2007) and Wilson & Pitts (2010 b). This species is most common in the Sonoran Desert (e. g. Pitts et al. 2009; Wilson et al. 2010) and is in the O. unicornis speciesgroup along with O. erebus (Melander, 1903).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFD8FF5FFA8CFC113B46.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species is recognized by the mesosternum bearing tubercles that have apical transverse grooves, by the mesoscutum with pale white setae, by the apex of the fore wings usually without maculations, by the granulate pygidium, by the penal valve of the genitalia being hidden from view laterally by the parapenial lobes and by the cuspis being ~ 0.5 × the free length of the paramere. Diagnosis of female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFD8FF5FFA8CFC113B46.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: USA: New Mexico, Mesilla, July 31, T. D. A. Cockerell (ANSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 2 ♂ S 13.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFD8FF5FFA8CFC113B46.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and New Mexico) and northern Mexico (Sonora). Activity. This species was too rare at JTNP to assess its activity patterns.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFDFFF5FF8C7FB623CB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species is recognized by the mesosternum (Fig. 11) bearing tubercles that have apical transverse grooves, by the morphology of the mandible (Fig. 10), by the mesoscutum with golden setae (Fig. 9), by the apex of the fore wings with maculations, by the granulate pygidium (Fig. 12), by the penal valve of the genitalia being hidden from view laterally by the parapenial lobes and by the cuspis being ~ 0.66 × the free length of the paramere (Figs 17 and 18).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFDFFF5FF8C7FB623CB1.taxon	description	Description of male. Coloration (Fig. 9). Body ferruginous, except antennae slightly infuscated. Pubescence of body pale, except mesoscutum and T 5 – 7 golden yellow. Ocellar area concolorous with head. Wings hyaline, maculation present posterior to stigma. Head (Fig. 10). Mentum carinulate. Head quadrate posteriorly. Mandible (Fig. 10) tridentate, deeply excised ventrally, slightly constricted at excision and slightly dilated beyond excision. Clypeus depressed below margin of mandible, median area concave; surface of clypeus polished, impunctate, with few erect setae; apex truncate, proximal margin of clypeus weakly to moderately tuberculate. Front, vertex and gena closely punctate; those on front more closely punctate than those on gena and vertex. Ocelli moderate in size, ocellocular distance 1.7 × length of lateral ocellus. F 1 approximately 0.75 × length of F 2. Mesosoma (Fig. 9). Pronotum coarsely punctured, punctures contiguous to confluent. Mesonotum coarsely punctured, punctures slightly separated on disk, dense and confluent laterally. Anterior half of parapsidial furrows and notauli absent. Axillae slightly projecting posteriorly as small rounded structures. Scutellum densely punctured. Dorsum and posterior face of propodeum reticulate, dorsum with pair of narrow elongate areas extending from proximal margin about one third length of combined dorsum and posterior face; elongate areas flanked anteriorly on each side by triangular area extending from proximal margins posteriorly about half their length. Reticulations of dorsum and posterior face of propodeum extending laterally. Anterior area of mesopleura nitid, with sparse punctures ventrally and becoming closely punctured dorsally. Elevated area of mesopleura with moderately large contiguous punctures. Metapleuron polished. Mesosternum (Fig. 11) with pair of high, transverse, oblique, compressed elevations; anterior face of each elevation convex; posterior face of each concave; each elevation bears weak carinulate ridge posteriorly. Each elevation with transverse groove at apex. Mid and hind coxa edentate. Mid femur not swollen. Marginal cell on costa short, ~ 1.3 × length of stigma. Marginal cell subtruncate apically. Metasoma (Fig. 9). First metasomal segment subsessile with second segment. T 1 nitid with close punctures. Disk of T 2 nitid with small, sparse punctures becoming closely punctate at anterior, posterior and lateral margins. S 2 with felt line, 0.3 × length of tergal felt line. Felt line area of T 2 and S 2 concolorous with surrounding integument. Pygidium (Fig. 12) elongate and ovate, granulate, margined laterally with carinae; Hypopygidium elongate and ovate; apical margin tridentate medially. Genitalia (Figs 17 and 18) with paramere acicular; cuspis elongate, approximately 0.66 × free length of paramere, and cylindrical in lateral view basally, apical 0.75 elongate paddle-shaped, with moderate dorsal basal pit. Penal valve obscured in lateral view by elongate parapenial lobes. Length. 10 – 12.5 mm. Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFDFFF5FF8C7FB623CB1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data, ♂: USA, Arizona, Yavapai Co., 2 mi E Montezuma Well, 19 - 20. Jun. 2007, K. A. Williams (EMUS); Paratypes: Arizona: Gila Co., Globe, 1 ♂, 9. Jun. 1936, F. H. Parker (UAIC), 1 ♂, 20. Jun. 1936, F. H. Parker (UMSP), 1 ♂, 28. Jun. 1935, F. H. Parker (UMSP), Payson, 3 mi. N, 1 ♂, 23. Jul. 1937, Rehn, Pate & Rehn (UMSP); Maricopa Co., Phoenix, 1 ♂, 17. May. 1942 (UMSP), 1 ♂, 29. Jn. 1924, J. H. O’Dell (UMSP); Mojave Co., Hualpa Mts., W. S 1, 1 ♂, 8. Aug. 1962, F. Werner & J. Bequaert (UAIC); Pima Co., Baboquivari Campground, 1 ♂, 11 mi E Topawa, 1 ♂, 31. Jun. 2011, K. A. & E. E. Williams (EMUS); Saguaro National Monument: 1 ♂, 28. Apr. 1961, 1 ♂, 30. Apr. 1961, 1 ♂, 2. May. 1960, 1 ♂, 5. May. 1961, 4 ♂, 7 May. 1960, 1 ♂, 18. May. 1961, 1 ♂, 26. May. 1960, 4 ♂, 27. May. 1960, 3 ♂, 30. May. 1961, 3 ♂, 1. Jun. 1960, 1 ♂, 2. Jun. 1960, 1 ♂, 12. Jun. 1960, G. D. Butler (UAIC); Tucson, 1 ♂, 7. May. 1958, G. D. Butler (UAIC), 1 ♂, 20. May. 1935, Bryant (UMSP); Vail, 8 mi N, 1 ♂, 26. Jun 1962, F. Werner (UAIC); Yavapai Co., 2 mi E Montezuma Well, 29 ♂, 19 - 20. Jun. 2007, K. A. Williams (EMUS); Yuma Co., Kofa National Wildlife Reserve, 2 ♂, 1. May. 2010, E. E. & K. A. Williams (EMUS); Yuma Proving Grounds, Site 531.8, 1 ♂, 26. May. 2001, S. L. Buchmann (EMUS). Other material examined. USA, California, JTNP, 18 – 21. Jul. 2012, 1 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFDFFF5FF8C7FB623CB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona and California). Activity. This species was too rare at JTNP to assess its activity patterns.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB9FFDFFF5FF8C7FB623CB1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of Franz Xaver von Schönwerth (1810 – 1886), who has now been recognized as an important collector of folklore in the Bavarian region of Germany after unpublished material collected by him, including some 500 folktales, was discovered in Regensburg by Erika Eichenseer in 2009.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBEFFDFFF5FFEEFFAB23F3D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. The genus and species can be distinguished from males of other sphaeropthalmine species by the dilated and deeply emarginated condition of the mandibles (see Pitts 2003: Fig. 1), the posterior position of the mesosternal processes (see Pitts 2003: Figs. 4, 5), the presence of lateral carinae on the hypopygidium (see Pitts 2003: Fig. 3) and the flattened condition of the hypopygidium.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBEFFDFFF5FFEEFFAB23F3D.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBEFFDFFF5FFEEFFAB23F3D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: California, San Bernardino County, 13 mi SE Lucerne Valley, 5000 ’, 2. Aug. 1969, D. P. Levin (EMUS).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBEFFDFFF5FFEEFFAB23F3D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California). Activity. This species was not collected during the course of this study.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBEFFDFFF5FFEEFFAB23F3D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is known from the single specimen from Lucerne Valley, California, but may possibly be found in JTNP at higher elevations. This genus and its taxonomic placement are discussed in Pitts (2003).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBEFFDCFF5FFC64FA733D09.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. The male of this species has the mandible with a somewhat tapered apex and with the dorsal carina becoming obsolete distally such that the distal portion of mandible is oblique (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 15). Also, the marginal cell length is short being 0.5 – 0.9 × length of stigma, and this species lacks a sternal felt line. In addition to the mandibular morphology, the genitalia are diagnostic. The cuspis is elongate (0.7 – 0.8 × free length of paramere) and is dilated towards its apex and has the ventral portion, especially at the apex and inner margin, clothed with long dense setae that have their apices plumose. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2010 a: Fig. 52). Diagnosis of female. The female of this species has the dorsum lacking dense appressed setae obscuring the integumental sculpture, the first segment of the metasoma is sessile with the second segment, the antennal scrobes have dorsal carinae, the mandible has a slightly developed ventral basal tooth and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, flagellomere 1 is almost 2 × as long as the pedicel, the legs are concolorous with mesosoma, or at most slightly darker or lighter than mesosoma, the propodeum length in lateral view is subequal to 0.5 × maximum height, the metasomal segments have sparse to dense plumose pubescence apically, the apical metasomal segments are concolorous with the basal segments, T 2 is coarsely confluently punctate laterally and on basal ~ 0.66, apical ~ 0.33 with sparse indiscernible punctures, the pygidium undefined laterally by carinae, and plumose setae are present on the metasomal fringes.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBEFFDCFF5FFC64FA733D09.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mutilla amphion Syntype data: Nevada (ANSP). Photopsis abstrusa Syntype data: California (CUIC). Photopsis nudata Holotype data: Claremont, California (CUIC). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 2 ♂ N 9; 1 ♂ N 5. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ N 9; 2 ♂ N 7; 2 ♂ N 5; 1 ♂ N 3; 2 ♂ N 1; 14 ♂ T; 24 ♂ S 1; 13 ♂ S 3; 2 ♂ S 5; 1 ♂ S 7; 2 ♂ S 11; 6 ♂ S 13; 2 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7; 1 ♂ N 5; 2 ♂ N 1; 2 ♂ T; 9 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 3; 2 ♂ S 7; 3 ♂ S 9; 3 ♂ S 13; 7 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 1 ♂ N 1; 1 ♂ S 1.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBEFFDCFF5FFC64FA733D09.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Baja California, Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, and Utah). Activity. This species is seemingly active later in the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBEFFDCFF5FFC64FA733D09.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is widespread throughout much of the western United States (e. g. Pitts et al. 2004; Pitts et al. 2010 a) and seems more abundant at JTNP (Table 2 & 3) than further north in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Ferguson 1967; Wilson et al. 2010; Boehme et al. 2012). This species is in the S. uro species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015). Host data and a more detailed treatment of the taxonomy for this species are presented in Pitts et al. (2004).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBDFFDCFF5FFE37FB583925.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. The male of this species has mandibles that are weakly excised ventrally with a distinct angulate basal tooth and an apex that is tridentate and oblique, but most importantly the dorsal carina of the mandible is angulate at the midpoint of the mandible coinciding with the ventral tooth (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 54), the posterior margin of the head is quadrate, the mesosternum lacks processes, the second metasomal sternum has a distinct felt line, and the pygidium is granulate. The genitalia also help to diagnose this species; the cuspis is a uniform diameter from the base to the apex (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 53). Diagnosis of female. The female of this species has the dorsum of the body covered with moderately dense erect pale golden brachyplumose setae that do not obscure the integument; the ventral margin of the mandible has a slight excision followed by a distinct angulate tooth and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina; the head below the eyes widens towards the mandibular insertions; the first metasomal segment is sessile with the second; the pygidium is granulate; and the apical margins of the terga have dense fringes of white plumose setae.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBDFFDCFF5FFE37FB583925.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: California, Kern County, Bakersfield (CASC). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 3 ♂ N 9; 1 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 2 ♂ N 9; 1 ♂ T. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 2 ♂ N 9; 1 ♂ T. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 9 ♂ N 9; 9 ♂ N 5; 1 ♂ S 13; 5 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBDFFDCFF5FFE37FB583925.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California, and Nevada). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season but is rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBDFFDCFF5FFE37FB583925.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma angulifera is in the S. unicolor species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015) and is morphologically similar to S. unicolor (Cresson, 1865) and S. mendica, but can be differentiated from these two species by mandibular morphology (Wilson & Pitts 2009). Although this species is found throughout the Mojave and western Sonoran Deserts, it is extremely rare. Wilson & Pitts (2009) diagnosed the female based on associations made from similarities of the female to that of S. mendica and distributional data. This species is typically rare, but seems more abundant at JTNP (Table 2 & 3) than further north in the Mojave Desert (e. g. Ferguson 1967; Boehme et al. 2012) or south into the Sonoran Desert (e. g. Pitts et al. 2010 a).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has a weak excision and slight angulate tooth on the ventral margin of the mandible (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 102), the apex of the mandible is oblique, the clypeus being carinate at base, but sometimes delicately so or gibbous, the lack of mesosternal processes or a sternal felt line, and the ventral margin of the paramere having dense setae that are directed inward toward the cuspis (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 100). Diagnosis of female. The female of this species has the following combination of characters: the mandible has only a weak angulate basal tooth on the ventral margin and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina (see Boehme et al. 2012: Fig. 40, Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 40), the mesosoma and second tergum of the metasoma is covered in brachyplumose orange setae surrounded by white setae along the margins (see Pitts et al. 2009: Figs 97, 98), the dorsum lacks dense appressed setae obscuring the integumental sculpture, the metasoma is petiolate, and the pygidium is granulate.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mutilla Arota Holotype data: California, San Diego, G. R. Crotch, Type no. 1873 (UMSP). Mutilla helicaon Holotype data: Nevada, Type no. 4642 (UMSP). Photopsis lingulatus Holotype data: California, San Diego County, La Jolla (UMSP). Sphaeropthalma (Photopsis) carinata Holotype data: Baja California, Purissima (NMNH). Sphaeropthalma (Photopsis) helicaon diegueno. Holotype data: Arizona, S. Carlos, 12 – 13 May 1918, J. Ch. Bradley (CUIC). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7; 1 ♂ N 1; 2 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 5 ♂ T; 3 ♂ S 1; 3 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 5; 2 ♂ S 13; 4 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 3 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 5; 1 ♂ S 7; 1 ♂ S 13; 2 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah) and northern Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBDFFDDFF5FFA1CFC863FA5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Wilson et al. (2012) performed a phylogenetic analysis of this species. The study concluded that S. arota is composed of four genetically distinct species that cannot be distinguished morphologically based on current methods and suggested that the members of this group be identified as the S. arota species-complex. Currently it is placed in the S. arota species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015). From this study, it is likely that only one of the species occurs at JTNP. This complex of species can be locally abundant (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a; Wilson et al. 2012), but is often rare (Wilson et al. 2010).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBCFFDDFF5FFB9CFD103A9D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has deeply excised mandible with the tooth forming an oblique angle (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 45), lacks of mesosternal processes, has the marginal cell shorter than the stigma, has the first segment of the metasoma petiolate with the second segment, and has the genitalia with a short cylindrical cuspis (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 2).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBCFFDDFF5FFB9CFD103A9D.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBCFFDDFF5FFB9CFD103A9D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Nevada, Nye County, Hillside, 0.85 mi NNW Mercury, 23 Aug 1964, W. E. Ferguson (NMNH). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 2 ♂ N 7; 7 ♂ N 5; 11 ♂ N 3; 8 ♂ N 1; 34 ♂ T; 12 ♂ S 1; 40 ♂ S 3; 30 ♂ S 5; 19 ♂ S 7; 9 ♂ S 9; 43 ♂ S 11; 41 ♂ S 13; 54 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 2 ♂ N 3; 3 ♂ N 1; 4 ♂ S 3; 2 ♂ S 5; 4 ♂ S 7; 4 ♂ S 11; 3 ♂ S 13; 2 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ S 1; 4 ♂ S 3; 3 ♂ S 11; 1 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBCFFDDFF5FFB9CFD103A9D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBCFFDDFF5FFB9CFD103A9D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the smallest species of nocturnal mutillid found at JTNP. It is placed in the S. difficilis species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015) and abundant throughout its range (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Ferguson 1967; Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a; Wilson et al. 2010; Boehme et al. 2012).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBCFFD2FF5FF8B9FBCE3FED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species is easily recognized by the posterior margin of the head being quadrate, by the weakly excised mandible that is dilated apically (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 37), by the large stigma that is slightly longer than the marginal cell, by the denticles on the internal margin of the hind coxa, by the lack of mesosternal processes, by the quadrate pygidium, and by the lobate dorsoventrally flattened condition of the cuspis, which has long setae along the internal margin that coalesce apically (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 23). Diagnosis of female. The female of this species can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: the dorsum of the body is covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured, the ventral margin of the mandible lacks an excision and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, the head below eyes is parallel, the head evenly rounded in lateral view, the first metasomal segment is sessile with the second segment and the pygidium is granulate.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBCFFD2FF5FF8B9FBCE3FED.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype data: Baja California, San Jose del Cabo (ANSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 3 ♂ N 9; 3 ♂ N 7; 12 ♂ N 5; 6 ♂ N 3; 3 ♂ N 1; 1 ♂ T; 1 ♂ S 7; 1 ♂ S 11; 12 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7; 2 ♂ N 3; 1 ♂ S 1; 6 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 5; 2 ♂ S 9; 1 ♂ S 11; 2 ♂ S 13; 1 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 8 ♂ N 9; 6 ♂ N 7; 25 ♂ N 5; 58 ♂ N 3; 1 ♂ N 1; 1 ♂ T; 13 ♂ S 1; 13 ♂ S 3; 4 ♂ S 5; 9 ♂ S 7; 13 ♂ S 9; 15 ♂ S 11; 54 ♂ S 13; 77 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 4 ♂ N 1; 1 ♂ S 1; 10 ♂ S 5; 8 ♂ S 7; 16 ♂ S 9; 1 ♂ S 11; 2 ♂ S 13; 3 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBCFFD2FF5FF8B9FBCE3FED.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah) and northern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFBCFFD2FF5FF8B9FBCE3FED.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pitts et al. (2009) recently associated the sexes of this species and discussed the taxonomy. It is placed in the S. blakeii species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015) and is abundant throughout its range (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Ferguson 1967; Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a; Wilson et al. 2010; Boehme et al. 2012).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB3FFD3FF5FFC54FB633F5C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has a deeply excised vertical mandible with the tooth forming an acute angle (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 38), lacks mesosternal processes, and has the marginal cell shorter than the stigma, the first segment of the metasoma petiolate with the second segment and densely punctate, the second sternum with an anteromedial tumid region, and the genitalia with a long cylindrical cuspis that is setose ventrally with the apex having longer denser setae and parameres with dense setae located medially, but internally directed, along the internal margin (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 3). Diagnosis of female. The female of this species has the dorsum of the body covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured, the ventral margin of the mandible with a deep excision subtended by a large rounded tooth and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, the head below eyes is parallel, the head evenly rounded in lateral view, the first metasoma segment is petiolate with the second segment and the pygidium is striate to granulate.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB3FFD3FF5FFC54FB633F5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: California Claremont (CUIC). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 17 ♂ N 9; 24 ♂ N 7; 38 ♂ N 5; 15 ♂ N 3; 3 ♂ N 1; 25 ♂ T; 37 ♂ S 1; 21 ♂ S 3; 10 ♂ S 5; 6 ♂ S 7; 5 ♂ S 9; 26 ♂ S 11; 8 ♂ S 13; 65 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ N 9; 9 ♂ N 7; 2 ♂ N 5; 5 ♂ N 3; 4 ♂ N 1; 3 ♂ T; 13 ♂ S 1; 24 ♂ S 3; 20 ♂ S 5; 56 ♂ S 7; 17 ♂ S 9; 25 ♂ S 11; 15 ♂ S 13; 15 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 2 ♂ N 9; 4 ♂ N 7; 3 ♂ N 5; 20 ♂ N 3; 10 ♂ N 1; 11 ♂ T; 12 ♂ S 1; 25 ♂ S 3; 27 ♂ S 5; 46 ♂ S 7; 62 ♂ S 9; 12 ♂ S 11; 44 ♂ S 13; 23 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 3 ♂ S 7; 5 ♂ S 9; 3 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB3FFD3FF5FFC54FB633F5C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, and Utah) and northern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB3FFD3FF5FFC54FB633F5C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Wilson & Pitts (2012) performed a phylogenetic analysis of S. difficilis and used this species to identify potential Pleistocene refugia in the North American cold deserts. Their research on this species provided evidence that in addition to desert-like conditions persisting through the ice age in parts of the Nearctic warm deserts, many areas maintained desert-like characteristics in the regional cold deserts. It is abundant throughout its range (Table 2 & 3; Ferguson 1967; Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a; Wilson et al. 2010; Wilson & Pitts 2012; Boehme et al. 2012). This species is closely related to S. django, which is restricted to the Algodones Sand Dunes (Pitts et al. 2009). Although most of the holotypes of the Schuster species synonymized with S. difficilis are listed as “ lost ”, they were likely never labeled as holotypes (Ferguson 1967). This holds for most other Schuster types that are missing as well. This species is currently placed in the S. difficilis species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB2FFD3FF5FFCC4FA733B4D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by its quadrate head, the thickened apex of the clypeus (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 41), the mid coxa with a median denticle present on the inner margin and diagnostic genitalia with which it shares features only with S. arnalduri Pitts (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 65), while lacking any mesosternal processes.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB2FFD3FF5FFCC4FA733B4D.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB2FFD3FF5FFCC4FA733B4D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: California, Riverside Co., Corn Springs, 24. Jun. 2004, K. A. Williams (EMUS). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 9; 1 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 2 ♂ N 3; 1 ♂ N 1; 52 ♂ T; 69 ♂ S 1; 7 ♂ S 3; 1 ♂ S 5; 5 ♂ S 7; 2 ♂ S 9; 3 ♂ S 11; 5 ♂ S 13; 4 ♂ S 18.22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7; 1 ♂ S 1; 2 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 2 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB2FFD3FF5FFCC4FA733B4D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California). Activity. This species is seemingly active later in the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB2FFD3FF5FFCC4FA733B4D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The distribution of this species was previously known only from two sites (Pitts et al. 2010 a). It is quite abundant at JTNP (Table 2 & 3). The mandible looks similar to that of S. angulifera. However, their genitalia differ drastically, with the most obvious difference being that S. angulifera has the cuspis cylindrical, while S. fergusoni has it dorsoventrally flattened. This species is currently placed in the S. fergusoni species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015) along with S. arnalduri Pitts, 2010. In order for this species to key out correctly in Pitts et al. (2010 a), the following modifications need to be made to the species key on page 29: 4. Hind or mid coxae with lobes or denticles ................................................................. 5 -. Hind and mid coxae unmodified ........................................................................ 9 5. Hind or mid coxae with denticles ........................................................................ 6 -. Hind coxae with lobes ................................................................................. 7	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB2FFD0FF5FF8F6FA673E85.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has distinctive tridentate mandibles that are deeply excised ventrally and the apex is vertical and greatly dilated, which is similar to species of Acrophotopsis and Dilophotopsis, but more so than other species at Deep Canyon (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 24). Additionally, the clypeus is distinctly elongate and projects anteriorly and the genitalia have a distinctively shaped curved cuspis that bears a large seta filled pit (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 58). This species sometimes has weak mesosternal processes located anteromedially.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB2FFD0FF5FF8F6FA673E85.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB2FFD0FF5FF8F6FA673E85.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Nevada, Nye County, 2.1 mi NE Mercury, 24 August 1964, W. E. Ferguson (NMNH). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 1; 27 ♂ T. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 2 ♂ N 1; 5 ♂ T; 8 ♂ S 1. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 2 ♂ S 1.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB2FFD0FF5FF8F6FA673E85.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah) Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season but is somewhat rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB2FFD0FF5FF8F6FA673E85.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The clypeus of this species is diagnostic (Pitts et al. 2010 a). However, it is elongate and the extreme apex overlies the greatly dilated and deeply excised mandibles, but does not obscure them. Additional taxonomy for this species is presented by Pitts et al. (2010 a). This species is in the S. difficilis species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015) and it seems to be more abundant in the southern extent of the Mojave (Table 2 & 3) and into the Sonoran Desert (e. g. Pitts et al. 2010 a; Wilson et al. 2010). For this study, it was collected only around the transition zone.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB1FFD0FF5FFCBCFE653B86.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be separated from all other nocturnal species by its lack of mesosternal processes and by its coloration; the integument is black throughout except metasomal segments 3 – 6 are orangish and by the setal coloration of the vertex, pronotum, mesonotum and metasomal segment 2 that varies from silver to orange. The mandible is moderately dilated, distally little or scarcely wider than at tooth, the ventral basal tooth of the mandible is small, and the apex is vertical (see Pitts, 2006: Fig. 6) Also, the head is quadrate posteriorly being long and parallel behind the eyes (see Pitts, 2006: Fig. 2), the clypeus is deeply depressed below the dorsal mandibular margin, the sternal felt line is present, and by characteristic genitalic morphology (see Pitts 2006: Figs 14 – 16). Diagnosis of female. This species is easily recognized by its unique color pattern (see Pitts, 2006: Fig. 25). Other useful characters include the petiolate metasomal segment 1, the small ventral angulation located basally on the mandible, the granulate pygidium, and the presence of plumose setae especially on the fringes of the metasomal terga.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB1FFD0FF5FFCBCFE653B86.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mutilla Marpesia Syntype data: Kansas, Type no. 4542 (ANSP). Sphaeropthalma (Photopsis) imperialiformis Holotype data: Kansas, Morton Co., 3200 ’, June 1902, F. H. Snow (SEMC). Sphaeropthalma (Photopsis) imperialiformis maricopae Holotype data: Arizona, Phoenix, 25 September 1935, R. H. Crandall (UMSP).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB1FFD0FF5FFCBCFE653B86.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Washington) and northern Mexico (Sonora). Activity. This species was not collected during the course of this study.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB1FFD0FF5FFCBCFE653B86.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No specimens of this species were seen from JTNP (Table 2 & 3), but given that it occurs all around the park and throughout the Southwest, it likely occurs at JTNP as well. Pitts (2006) associated the females of this species and discussed the taxonomy of this species, as well as other members of the S. imperialis species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB0FFD1FF5FFF1FFBD038E7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be separated from all other nocturnal species by mandibular morphology: the mandibles are very broadly dilated, especially ventral portion apically, distally much wider than width at ventral angulation, the ventral basal tooth of the mandible is small, and the apex is vertical (see Pitts 2006: Fig. 7). Also, the head is long and parallel posteriorly, the clypeus is deeply depressed below the dorsal mandibular margin, the mesosternum lacks tubercles, the wings are yellowish-hyaline, and the sternal felt line is absent. The genitalic morphology also is diagnostic (see Pitts 2006: Figs 17 – 19). In some specimens the coloration of the integument and setae are bright orange, while in others the setal coloration varies from orange to white and the integument is stramineous to castaneous. Diagnosis of female. This species has weak to non – existent ventral angulation located basally on the mandible while the mandible lacks an elongate tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, distinctly petiolate metasomal segment 1, the granulate pygidium, presence of plumose setae especially on the fringes of the metasomal terga, the sparse long orange setae that does not obscure the integumental sculpturing and the anterior raised areas just lateral of the midline on the second tergum that has tuberculate sculpturing.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB0FFD1FF5FFF1FFBD038E7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Sphaeropthalma (Photopsis) megagnathos megagnathos Holotype data: Arizona, Ehrenberg, 27 April 1939, F. H. Parker (UMSP). Sphaeropthalma (Photopsis) megagnathos aurifera Holotype data: Arizona, Tinajas Atlas Mountains, 1905, W. J. McGee (UMSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 10 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 2 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB0FFD1FF5FFF1FFBD038E7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada). Activity. This species is seemingly active earlier in the season, but is rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB0FFD1FF5FFF1FFBD038E7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The female of this species was described in Boehme et al. (2012), where it was found to be more abundant than elsewhere (e. g. Wilson et al. 2010). Pitts (2006) treated the taxonomy of this species in more detail along with other members of the S. imperialis species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB0FFD6FF5FFAA2FDF53DBD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has mandibles that are weakly excised ventrally with a indistinct basal tooth and an apex that is tridentate and oblique (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 55), the posterior margin of the head is quadrate, the mesosternum lacks processes, the second metasomal sternum has a distinct felt line, and the pygidium is granulate. The genitalia of this species are quite similar to those of S. angulifera. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2010 a: Fig. 60). Diagnosis of female. This species has the dorsum of the body covered with dense erect red to pale orange brachyplumose setae that obscure the integument; the ventral margin of the mandible has a slight excision, but lacks a ventral tooth and a dorsal tooth at termination of dorsal carina; the head below the eyes widens towards the mandibular insertions; the first metasoma segment is sessile with the second segment; and the pygidium is longitudinally striate and granulate between the striae; the eyes are larger than the distance from the posterior margin of the eye to the vertex of the head (the eye is from 1.2 to 1.4 times as big as the length from the margin of the eye to the vertex of the head); and the apical margins of the terga have dense fringes of white plumose setae.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB0FFD6FF5FFAA2FDF53DBD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Agama mendica Syntype data: Nevada, type no. 4551 (ANSP). Mutilla aspasia Holotype data: Nevada, type no. 4574 (ANSP). Photopsis nebulosus Holotype data: Nevada, type no. 4549 (ANSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 5; 3 ♂ N 3; 2 ♂ N 1; 1 ♂ T; 3 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 3; 2 ♂ S 13; 110 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7; 2 ♂ T; 11 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 13; 14 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ T; 1 ♂ S 1; 1 ♂ S 3; 5 ♂ S 9; 4 ♂ S 13; 30 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 1 ♂ S 1.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB0FFD6FF5FFAA2FDF53DBD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah). Activity. This species is seemingly active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB0FFD6FF5FFAA2FDF53DBD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There is a wide array of integumental coloration in this species (Wilson & Pitts 2009). Specimens range from nearly black integument to a more reddish-brown color characteristic of most nocturnal mutillids. Female integumental coloration has a range similar to the males. At JTNP only the reddish-brown color form was collected. This species is a member of the S. unicolor species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015) and is typically abundant throughout its range (Table 2 & 3).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB7FFD6FF5FFDE4FD57396D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has a deep excision on the ventral margin of the mandible, the mandible being tridentate and vertical apically, by the dense brush of orangish setae project forward off of the anterior margin of the clypeus (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 93), by the lack of mesosternal processes, and the genitalia, which has a dorsoventrally flattened paramere that are thickly setose apically and a cylindrical cuspis that is approximately ¾ the free length of the paramere (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 25). Diagnosis of female. This species has the dorsum of the body covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured, the ventral margin of the mandible with a deep excision subtended by a large rounded tooth, the head below eyes convergent, the frons evenly rounded to the vertex in lateral view, the first metasoma segment is petiolate with the second segment and the pygidium is granulate.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB7FFD6FF5FFDE4FD57396D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: California, Riverside County, Hopkins Well, 29. May. 1952, G. A. Marsh (CASC). USA: California: San Bernardino County: Joshua Tree National Park, Dale Mine, 1 ♂, 25. May. 2012, F. & T. Cambon (EMUS).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB7FFD6FF5FFDE4FD57396D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona and California). Activity. This species is rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB7FFD6FF5FFDE4FD57396D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is a member of the S. orestes species-group and is more abundant in the Sonoran Desert (e. g. Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a; Wilson et al. 2010).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB7FFD7FF5FFAD4FC1E3D09.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by its small size, the moderately emarginate mandibles (see Pitts 2007: Fig. 27), the small marginal cell, which is shorter than the stigma measured along the costal margin, the lack of mesosternal processes, the genitalia with an extremely short cuspis that barely surpasses the penial valve in lateral view, and the lack of plumose setae even along the margins of the metasomal terga. Genitalia are illustrated in Boehme et al. (2012: Fig. 9).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB7FFD7FF5FFAD4FC1E3D09.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB7FFD7FF5FFAD4FC1E3D09.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype data: Ph. nanus: Arizona, Tucson, type no. 3279 (NMNH); Lectotype data: M. acontius: New Mexico, Las Cruces, type no. 3279 (ANSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB7FFD7FF5FFAD4FC1E3D09.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and New Mexico) and northern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB7FFD7FF5FFAD4FC1E3D09.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Boehme et al. (2012) designated the Lectotype, and reinstated the name for stability and to lessen potential confusion based on article 59.3 of ICZN (1999). See Boehme et al. (2012) for the complicated taxonomic history of this species. This species is a member of the S. nana species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015) and is typically rare (Table 2 & 3; e. g. Ferguson 1967; Pitts et al. 2009; Boehme et al. 2012).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB6FFD7FF5FFE37FCF03AB9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has mandibles that are strongly excised ventrally, have a vertical face, have a distinct basal tooth and an apex that is tridentate and oblique (see Boehme et al. 2012: Fig. 19), the posterior margin of the head is rounded, the mesosternum lacks processes, the second metasomal sternum lacks a distinct felt line, the pygidium is glabrous and the cuspis of the genitalia spatulate and lack plumose setae. Genitalia are illustrated in Boehme et al. (2012: Fig. 10). Diagnosis of female. This species has the dorsum of the body covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured, the ventral margin of the mandible bears a large ventral basal tooth but lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, the head below eyes is parallel, the head evenly rounded in lateral view, the first metasoma segment is petiolate with the second segment and the pygidium is granulate.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB6FFD7FF5FFE37FCF03AB9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mutilla orestes Holotype data: no locality data (ANSP). Mutilla Pattersonae Holotype data: California, Fort Washington, 3 October 1895, R. Patterson (NMNH). Photopsis uniformis Syntype data: California, Claremont (CUIC). Photopsis pedatus Syntype data: California, Claremont (CUIC). Photopsis ingenuus Holotype data: California, Claremont (CUIC). Photopsis salmani Holotype data: California, Eagle Lake, 30 July 1936, C. E. Mickel (UMSP).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB6FFD7FF5FFE37FCF03AB9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Washington) and northern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Activity. No specimens of this species were collected during the course of this study.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB6FFD7FF5FFE37FCF03AB9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is a member of the S. orestes species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015). The absence of S. orestes at the JTNP is odd because the species is known to be abundant throughout its range, which extends west of the Rocky Mountains from mainland Mexico to southern Canada. It was the second most abundant species at AMNWR (Boehme et al. 2012). It likely occurs in JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB6FFD4FF5FF8E7FF313E84.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species has deeply excised mandibles having the apex oblique and the dorsal carina terminating well before the apex, the lack of a sternal felt line, lack of mesosternal processes, the pronotum and second metasomal segment that is sometimes darkened, and genitalic morphology. The cuspis is almost as long as the paramere with long curved spinulae on the inner margin from the base to the apex and short spinulae elsewhere. The parameres have long curved spinulae on the inner margin that are thicker medially than proximally or distally and have short spinulae on the outer margin.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB6FFD4FF5FF8E7FF313E84.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB6FFD4FF5FF8E7FF313E84.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. JTNP: 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 4 ♂ S 5; 10 ♂ S 7; 7 ♂ S 9; 1 ♂ S 13.22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 3 ♂ S 5; 2 ♂ S 7.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB6FFD4FF5FF8E7FF313E84.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and New Mexico) and northern Mexico (Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly active later in the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB6FFD4FF5FF8E7FF313E84.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is a member of the S. orestes species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015). Mickel (1974) synonymized the subspecies with which we agree. Paratypes of both subspecies exist at UMSP from Tucson, AZ (subspecies pallidipes) and from San Carlos, AZ and NM (subspecies gila). The holotypes were never labeled as such by Schuster. This species was collected only south of the transition zone in the Sonoran Desert during this study.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by having mandibles that are vertical and are strongly excised ventrally with a distinct basal tooth and an apex that is tridentate and oblique (see Boehme et al. 2012: Fig. 20), the posterior margin of the head is rounded, the mesosternum lacks processes, the second metasomal sternum with a distinct tuft-like felt line, S 2 with a anteromedial carinate tumid region, the pygidium is glabrous and the cuspis of the genitalia spatulate and lack plumose setae. Genitalia are illustrated in Boehme et al. (2012: Fig. 11).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Arizona, Ehrenberg, 27. Apr. 1939, F. H. Parker (UMSP). USA: California: San Bernardino County: Joshua Tree National Park, Dale Mine, 2 ♂, 25. May. 2012, F. & T. Cambon (EMUS).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada). Activity. This species is seemingly rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB5FFD4FF5FFCBCFB103907.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is a member of the S. orestes species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015) and has characteristic genitalia with the paramere spatulate with ventral setae. It is rare throughout its range (Table 2 & 3).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB5FFD5FF5FFA02FAD33CB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by the weakly excised mandibles that are oblique apically (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 28), a marginal cell that is approximately 0.75 × the length of the stigma, the mesosternum lacks processes, the first metasomal segment is sessile with the second, plumose setal fringes are present on the metasoma, the hind coxa has large lobes, the pygidium glabrous, and the cuspis of the genitalia is thickened, densely setose, and long being approximately 0.75 × the free length of the paramere (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 62).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB5FFD5FF5FFA02FAD33CB1.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB5FFD5FF5FFA02FAD33CB1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Mt. Home, Idaho, 7. Jul. 1951, J. Nottingham. (SEMC). USA: California: San Bernardino County: Joshua Tree National Park, Dale Mine, 2 ♂, 25. May. 2012, F. & T. Cambon (EMUS). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ T.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB5FFD5FF5FFA02FAD33CB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada and Utah). Activity. This species is seemingly rare throughout its range.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB5FFD5FF5FFA02FAD33CB1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Schuster designated a holotype from Mt. Home, Idaho. He also designated a holotype from Ehrenberg, Arizona located in UMSP. This second holotype is not conspecific with the first holotype and does not match the characters Schuster (1958) listed for this species in his key. This species is a member of the S. brachyptera species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015) and is seemingly rare throughout its range (Table 2 & 3).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFA853FB5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species is easily recognized by the lobe-like projections on the hind coxae. Other useful characters include the triangular shaped posterior margin of the head, the weakly excised mandible (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 40), the lack of mesosternal processes, and the unique triangulate posterior projection of the apex of the hind tibia. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 26). Diagnosis of female. This species has the dorsum of the body covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured; the ventral margin of the mandible has a slight excision, but lacks a long erect tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina; the head below eyes is parallel; the head evenly rounded in lateral view; the first metasomal segment is sessile with the second segment; and the pygidium is longitudinally striate.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFA853FB5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Nevada (ANSP). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 5. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 1 ♂ S 9.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFA853FB5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Texas) and northern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Activity. This species is seemingly rare at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFA853FB5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is placed in its own species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015), and seems to be closely related to members of the S. unicolor species-group (e. g. Pitts et al. 2010 b). It also seems to be more abundant at the northern extent of its range (Table 2 & 3; Pitts et al. 2009, 2010 a; Wilson et al. 2010; Boehme et al. 2012).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB4FFEAFF5FFBECFA743D55.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species can be recognized by the mandible, which is slightly to very broadly dilated apically, has a sharp dorsal carina that is blade-like to apex of mandible such that the mandible vertical throughout, but has a weak ventral emargination and tooth (see Boehme et al. 2012: Fig. 21). Also, the clypeus is strongly depressed, the anterior margin hidden below dorsal mandibular rims, the head is quadrate posteriorly, the marginal cell is 0.75 – 1.0 X the length of the stigma, S 2 lacks a felt line and the cuspis of the genitalia are broadly spatulate and bear plumose setae (see Pitts et al. 2004: Figs 19 – 21). Diagnosis of female. This species has the dorsum lacking dense appressed setae that obscures the integumental sculpture, the first segment of the metasoma is sessile with the second segment, the antennal scrobes have dorsal carinae, the mandible has a slightly developed ventral basal tooth and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, flagellomere 1 is almost 2 × as long as the pedicel, the legs are concolorous with mesosoma or at most slightly infuscated or lighter than mesosoma, the propodeum length in lateral view is subequal to 0.5 × maximum height, the metasomal segments have sparse plumose pubescence apically and the apical metasomal segments are concolorous with basal metasomal segments, T 2 is coarsely punctate throughout with the interstitial distance less than a puncture width and the pygidium is undefined laterally by carinae.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB4FFEAFF5FFBECFA743D55.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Agama uro Syntype data: Texas (ANSP). Photopsis melanderi Holotype data: Texas, Coryell Co., Birkman (CUIC). Sphaeropthalma (Photopsioides) uro stenognatha Holotype data: Arizona, St. Carlos, 27 August 1935, F. H. Parker (UMSP).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB4FFEAFF5FFBECFA743D55.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah) and northern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Activity. No specimens of this species were collected during the course of this study.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FFB4FFEAFF5FFBECFA743D55.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No specimens of this species were seen from JTNP (Table 2 & 3), but given that it occurs all around the park and throughout the Southwest, it likely occurs at JTNP as well. Host data and a more detailed treatment of the taxonomy for this member of the S. uro species-group (Pitts & Sadler 2015) are presented in Pitts et al. (2004).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFB3638F1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of male. This species is recognized by the strongly excised mandible (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 31), the lack of mesosternal processes, the marginal cell being shorter than the stigma, the first segment of the metasoma sessile with the second segment, and the genitalia with a long thick cylindrical cuspis that tapers apically and has a large basal pit on the internal margin (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 6).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFB3638F1.taxon	description	Female. Unknown.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFB3638F1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype data: Arizona, Yuma County, Wellton (CUIC). JTNP: 18 – 21. Jul. 2012: 1 ♂ N 7; 2 ♂ N 5; 2 ♂ N 3; 6 ♂ T; 21 ♂ S 1; 9 ♂ S 3; 8 ♂ S 5; 5 ♂ S 7; 14 ♂ S 9; 8 ♂ S 11; 2 ♂ S 13; 14 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Aug. 2012: 1 ♂ N 9; 1 ♂ N 7; 3 ♂ N 5; 9 ♂ N 3; 4 ♂ N 1; 5 ♂ T; 10 ♂ S 1; 25 ♂ S 3; 36 ♂ S 5; 12 ♂ S 7; 30 ♂ S 9; 17 ♂ S 11; 53 ♂ S 13; 41 ♂ S 18. 22 – 24. Sep. 2012: 1 ♂ N 9; 16 ♂ N 5; 44 ♂ N 3; 22 ♂ N 1; 5 ♂ T; 14 ♂ S 1; 43 ♂ S 3; 26 ♂ S 5; 47 ♂ S 7; 34 ♂ S 9; 25 ♂ S 11; 76 ♂ S 13; 96 ♂ S 18. 26 – 28. Oct. 2012: 4 ♂ S 1; 4 ♂ S 3; 4 ♂ S 5; 13 ♂ S 9; 2 ♂ S 11; 1 ♂ S 13; 9 ♂ S 18.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFB3638F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, and Nevada) and northern Mexico (Baja California). Activity. This species is active throughout the season at JTNP.	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
ED726D24FF8BFFEAFF5FFECCFB3638F1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is a member of the S. brachyptera species-group, which is in desperate need of revision, and is widespread (Pitts et al. 2009). Based on mandibular and genitalic morphology, along with wing venation similarities, this species is closely related to S. brachyptera Schuster, 1958, S. noctivaga (Melander, 1903), S. sublobata Schuster, 1958, and Odontophotopsis piute Mickel, 1983 (in Mickel & Clausen, 1983). Additional taxonomic description for this species can be found in Pitts et al. (2009). This species is seemingly more abundant in the Mojave Desert (Table 2 & 3) than elsewhere in its range (e. g. Wilson et al. 2010).	en	Wilson, Joseph S. (2017): Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4319 (2): 329-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4
