taxonID	type	description	language	source
EC3D87F1FF90FF8C56D9FC9518448892.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 4)	en	Sepahvand, Vahid, Komai, Tomoyuki, Momtazi, Farzaneh, Shahabi, Saeed (2018): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 from Iran, and new record of N. manningi Kazmi & Kazmi, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae). Zootaxa 4527 (2): 239-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.5
EC3D87F1FF90FF8C56D9FC9518448892.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: male (cl 8.2 mm, tl 34.5 mm), INIOC- 1 - 99 S, DNA voucher, Persian Gulf, Oli Village, 27 ° 50 ′ 14.62 ″ N, 51 ° 53 ′ 24.85 ″ E, Jan. 2015, sandy-muddy substrate with boulder, coll. V. Sepahvand. Allotype: female (cl 6.7 mm, tl 26.2 mm), INIOC- 1 - 100 S, same data as holotype. Paratype: 1 ovigerous female (cl 9.1 mm, tl 36.2 mm), INIOC- 2 - 9 S, DNA voucher, Gulf of Oman, Tis, 25 ° 21 ′ 25 ″ N, 60 ° 83 ′ 17 ″ E, Apr. 2015, coll. V. Sepahvand.	en	Sepahvand, Vahid, Komai, Tomoyuki, Momtazi, Farzaneh, Shahabi, Saeed (2018): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 from Iran, and new record of N. manningi Kazmi & Kazmi, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae). Zootaxa 4527 (2): 239-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.5
EC3D87F1FF90FF8C56D9FC9518448892.taxon	description	Description. Carapace (Fig. 1 A, 1 C, D) subequal in length to pleomeres 1 – 3 combined; frontal margin (Figs. 1 A, B) with triangular, sharply pointed rostrum reaching approximately half length of eyestalks, curving downward; no conspicuous projections lateral to rostrum. Linea thalassinica distinct, extending to posterolateral margin of carapace; dorsal oval clearly demarcated with deep cervical groove and shallow anterior and transverse grooves behind rostral base; anterolateral projection subtriangular, bluntly pointed; anterolateral sinus deep, Ushaped. Length ratio of pleomeres 1 – 6 measured along midline 1.0: 1.9: 1.1: 1.0: 1.2: 1.8 (Fig. 1 A, C). Pleomere 1 (Fig. 1 A) narrowing anteriorly in dorsal view; pleuron with clearly delimited ventral margin. Pleomere 2 (Fig. 1 A, C, D) approximately as long as wide, pleuron having posterolateral margin distinctly expanded. Pleura of pleomeres 3 – 5 each with patch of long setae and few dorsal setae on either side; posterolateral margins slightly expanded. Pleomere 6 (Figs. 1 A, 2 E) 1.4 times longer than wide, trapezoidal, slightly narrowly posteriorly and some tufts of long setae; lateral margins each with shallow notch on posterior one-third. Telson (Figs. 1 A, 2 E – F) approximately as long as wide, narrowing posteriorly; lateral margins each with very low convexity proximally, and thereafter gently convex; posterior margin faintly concave medially, with minute median spine; dorsal surface slightly convex, smooth. Eyestalks (Figs. 1 A, B) narrowly separated, reaching beyond mid-length of article 1 of antennular peduncle, about 2 times as long as broad; outer margins strongly sinuous, convex part corresponding to cornea, terminating in dorsoventrally flattened lobe bearing 2 minute denticles or tubercles on terminal margin. Cornea black, large, situated dorsolaterally in midlength of eyestalk, about 0.3 – 0.5 width of eyestalk; no extra-corneal pigmentation evident. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 1 F) thicker, but shorter than antennal peduncle; article 2 slightly shorter than article 1; article 3 twice as long as article 2. Flagella subequal in length to entire peduncle; lower ramus slightly longer, than upper ramus, with much denser and longer setation. Antennal peduncle (Fig. 1 E) with article 2 as long as article 1; article 3 short; scaphocerite vestigial; article 4 longer than proximal 3 articles combined; article 5 as long as and narrower than article 4. Mouthparts typical for genus according to external observation, not illustrated. Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 3 B) without exopod; ischium-merus not particularly broadened, subrectangular in general shape; ischium 1.5 times as long as broad, mesial surface with well-developed crista dentata consisting of row of small teeth; merus subtriangular, narrowing distally, 1.3 times as broad as long; carpus triangular, becoming wider distally, longer than broad; propodus large, ovoid, as broad as long; dactylus narrow, tapering distally, arcuate. Pereopods 1 (chelipeds) unequal and dissimilar, larger cheliped right or left. Larger cheliped (Fig. 2 A – D) with ischium slender (about 5.0 times as long as broad), slightly sinuous with distal part sloping, ventral margin with row of small tubercles. Merus about 2 times as long as wide; upper margin gently convex, distinctly carinate over entire length; outer face divided into 2 facets by longitudinal median carina; lower margin devoid of prominent hook-like process, bicarinate, outer carina weakly tuberculate, inner carina with row of more conspicuous, distally inclined teeth. Carpus wide, about 1.5 times higher than long, subquadrate, upper and lower margins sharply keeled, upper and lower margins distally diverging, terminating in subacute angular upper corner and truncate lower corner; mesial surface concave with upturned upper margin and wide concavity accommodating distal part of merus when cheliped flexed, and with deep oblique groove on lower distal part. Propodus heavy, about 2 times as long as broad; inner surface of palm proximally smooth, several tufts of long setae on upper part; upper margin carinate in proximal one-third, rounded in distal two-thirds; lower margin serrated with row of small tubercles, not extending onto fixed finger, and with rows of tufts of long setae extending onto fixed finger; distal margin inferior to base of dactylus concave. Fingers without hiatus when closed, fixed finger almost straight; dactylus subequal in length to palm, terminating in hooked tip crossing inner side of fixed finger; outer and inner surfaces with tufts of long setae arranged in longitudinal rows. Smaller cheliped (Fig. 3 A) shorter, much more slender than larger cheliped. Ischium about 3.0 times as long as wide; upper margin nearly straight, unarmed; lower margin concave, also unarmed. Merus about 2 times as long as broad; upper margin slightly convex; lower margin also convex. Carpus subtrapezoidal, widened distally; upper margin carinate, terminating in angular corner; lower and proximal margins sharply carinate, with few tufts of setae. Palm almost as long as carpus, slightly longer than high; outer and inner surfaces similarly convex, glabrous. Fixed finger terminating in small corneous claw. Dactylus curving, crossing inner side of fixed finger; upper surface with short blunt carina proximally on outer side; outer surface with row of tufts of long setae along upper and occlusal margin. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 3 C) chelate. Ischium short, dorsal margin nearly straight, ventral margin slightly concave. Merus 2.5 times as long as ischium, about 3.0 times as long as greatest width; dorsal margin nearly straight except for sloping distal part; ventral margin slightly sinuous, with row of long setae. Carpus subtriangular, 2.5 times as long as wide, with dense setae proximoventrally. Chela triangular, with dense setae on ventral margin. Dactylus with dense setae on dorsal margin; cutting edge straight, unarmed. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 3 D) strongly compressed laterally. Ischium 2 times as long as wide, as wide as merus. Merus 2 times as long as ischium, 3.2 times as long as wide. Carpus subtriangular, distal margin slightly bi-lobed, with tufts of long setae at each angle. Propodus wider than carpus, subovate, with row of numerous setae, becoming longer proximally, about 2 times as long as wide. Dactylus triangular, much shorter than propodus. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 3 E) semi-chelate. Ischium short, 1.4 times as long as wide. Merus 2.2 times as long as ischium, 2.8 times as long as wide. Carpus longer than propodus, 3.2 times long as wide. Propodus shorter than carpus. Dactylus terminating in narrow tip. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 3 F) moderately slender, chelate, longer than pereopods 2 – 4. Merus about 2 times as long as ischium. Carpus slightly shorter than propodus. Propodus with dense setae on distal part. Dactylus curved, partially obscured by dense setae. Male pleopod 1 (Fig. 4 A) uniramous, 2 - articulated; proximal article widened proximally, 1.7 times long as distal article; distal article unequally bilobed distally, mesial lobe distinctly longer than outer lobe, recurved, outer lobe rounded, with sparse long setae. Female pleopod 1 (Fig. 4 C) consisting of two articles; proximal article slightly widened proximally, distal article shorter than proximal article, terminal margin rounded. Male pleopod 2 (Fig. 4 B) biramous, leaf-like, endopod longer than exopod, slightly widened in middle part, without appendix interna. Female pleopod 2 (Fig. 4 D) biramous, endopod broader and longer than exopod, appendix interna rod-like, located on distal part of mesial margin. Uropodal protopod (Fig. 2 E) bearing bilobed posterodorsal margin. Endopod elongate sub-semicircular, with distinctly convex outer margin, about 1.2 times as long as broad, and distinctly longer than telson, lateral margin unarmed; mesial margin fringed with setae. Exopod as long as endopod, rounded oblong, 1.3 times as broad as long, bearing well-developed, marginally setose anterodorsal plate. Habitat. Burrowing in sandy-muddy bottom under boulders. Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Neocallichirus darvishi (Holotype) - 2. Neocallichirus darvishi (Paratype) 3 - 3. Neocallichirus jousseaumei 13 15 - 4. Sergio mericeae 17 17 17 - 5. Sergio mirim 18 18 19 19 - 6. Sergio guassutinga 17 18 19 16 14 - 7. Callichirus kraussi 20 21 21 19 18 18 - 8. Neotrypaea californiensis 20 21 22 20 18 20 20 - 9. Necallianassa truncata 20 21 23 21 20 20 23 14 - 10. Callichirus sp. 23 22 22 24 15 21 20 19 20	en	Sepahvand, Vahid, Komai, Tomoyuki, Momtazi, Farzaneh, Shahabi, Saeed (2018): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 from Iran, and new record of N. manningi Kazmi & Kazmi, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae). Zootaxa 4527 (2): 239-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.5
EC3D87F1FF90FF8C56D9FC9518448892.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named in memory of Ferdowsi University biosystematics professor, Jamshid Darvish, for his enthusiasm to teach about phylogeny, evolution and biodiversity.	en	Sepahvand, Vahid, Komai, Tomoyuki, Momtazi, Farzaneh, Shahabi, Saeed (2018): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 from Iran, and new record of N. manningi Kazmi & Kazmi, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae). Zootaxa 4527 (2): 239-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.5
EC3D87F1FF90FF8C56D9FC9518448892.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present new species agrees with the generic diagnosis of Neocallichirus (Sakai 1988; Manning & Felder 1991), particularly in the antennular peduncle being shorter than the antennal peduncle, the absence of an exopod on maxilliped 3, the propodus of maxilliped 3 being as broad as long, the major cheliped merus devoid of a hook-like projection on the lower margin, the lack of a conspicuous median cleft on the posterior margin of the telson, and the uropodal endopod being broader than long. Morphologically, it is most similar to N. jousseaumei in the terminally denticulate eyestalks and the carpus of the larger cheliped being much higher than long. Nevertheless, N. darvishi differs from N. jousseaumei in the following characters: (1) the rostrum is more prominent and acuminate in N. darvishi n. sp. than in N. jousseaumei when adults are compared (cf. Fig. 1 A, B versus Dworschak 2011: figs 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A); (2) the posterior margin of the telson is armed with a minute median spine in N. darvishi n. sp. (Fig. 1 E, F), whereas there is no such spine in N. jousseaumei (cf. Dworschak 2011: 7, figs 2 L, 3 P); (3) in N. darvishi n. sp., the corneal pigmentation is restricted to the dome-like cornea (Fig. 1 B), whereas in N. jousseaumei, the pigmentation extends outside of the cornea (= extra-corneal pigmentation) (cf. Dworschak 2011: figs. 1 A, B, 2 A, B, M, N, 3 A, C, D, 4 A, B); (4) the merus of the major cheliped in N. darvishi n. sp. is about 1.7 times as long as broad (versus 1.2 times as long in N. jousseaumei) (Fig. 2 A, B and Dworschak 2011: figs. 1 D, E; 2 D, R; 3 L; 4 E, F); (5) the distal article of the male pleopod 1 is much more slender and greatly unequally bilobed in N. darvishi n. sp. (cf. Fig. 4 A versus Dworschak 2011: figs 1 L, 3 Q, 4 G – I); (6) the uropodal endopod is about 1.5 times as long as broad in N. darvishi n. sp. (versus about 1.1 times as long in N. jousseaumei) (Fig. 2 E and Dworschak 2011: figs 2 L, 3 P, 4 D). Furthermore, the maximum body size is greatly different between the two species. Neocallichirus darvishi n. sp. is much smaller than N. jousseaumei. The ovigerous female of the new species is 9.1 mm cl, whereas the smallest ovigerous female of N. jousseaumei is 15.6 mm cl (Dworschak 2014). The mitochondrial COI divergence between the new species and N. jousseaumei is 13 – 15 % (mean 14 %), well supporting the recognition of the new species (Table 2).	en	Sepahvand, Vahid, Komai, Tomoyuki, Momtazi, Farzaneh, Shahabi, Saeed (2018): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 from Iran, and new record of N. manningi Kazmi & Kazmi, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae). Zootaxa 4527 (2): 239-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.5
EC3D87F1FF9AFF8856D9FD8E1FCA8DC6.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 – 7)	en	Sepahvand, Vahid, Komai, Tomoyuki, Momtazi, Farzaneh, Shahabi, Saeed (2018): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 from Iran, and new record of N. manningi Kazmi & Kazmi, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae). Zootaxa 4527 (2): 239-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.5
EC3D87F1FF9AFF8856D9FD8E1FCA8DC6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Two females (tl 34.3, 36.3 mm, cl 8.5, 9.3 mm), INIOC- 2 - 10 S, Gulf of Oman, Tis, 25 ° 21 ′ 25 ″ N, 60 ° 83 ′ 17 ″ E, Apr 2015, sandy-muddy substrate with boulder, coll. V. Sepahvand.	en	Sepahvand, Vahid, Komai, Tomoyuki, Momtazi, Farzaneh, Shahabi, Saeed (2018): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 from Iran, and new record of N. manningi Kazmi & Kazmi, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae). Zootaxa 4527 (2): 239-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.5
EC3D87F1FF9AFF8856D9FD8E1FCA8DC6.taxon	description	Description. Carapace subequal in length to pleomeres 1 – 3 combined. Frontal margin of carapace with three anterior prominences, lateral prominences obtusely angular, uncalcified; median prominence reaching beyond laterals, forming short, broadly rounded rostrum (Figs. 5 A, 5 C), with distinct linea thalassinica, and with defined dorsal oval marked posteriorly by deep transverse cardiac furrow, latter extending anteroventrally to either side above linea thalassinica as shallow groove demarcating posterior half of dorsal oval, anterolateral projection subtriangular, bluntly pointed; anterolateral sinus deep, U-shaped. Length ratio of pleomeres 1 – 6 measured along midline: 1.0: 1.1: 1.0: 1.0: 1.0: 1.5 (Fig. 5 A, 5 C). Pleomere 1 (Fig. 5 A) narrowing anteriorly in dorsal view; pleuron with defined ventral margin. Pleomere 2 (Fig. 5 A) wider than long; pleuron with posterolateral margin slightly expanded. Pleura 3 – 5 each with lateral tuft of long setae; posterolateral margins slightly expanded. Pleomere 6 (Fig. 5 A – B, D) approximately as long as wide, subquadrate, with parallel lateral margins and row of setae; with conspicuous notch on lateral margins. Telson (Fig. 5 D) approximately as long as wide, subtrapezoidal, narrowing posteriorly; lateral margins each with very low convexity proximally, and thereafter gently convex or nearly straight; posterior margin shallowly concave medially, with minute median spine; dorsal surface slightly convex, smooth. Eyestalks (Fig. 5 C) moderately long, subtriangular, contiguous, bearing two minute tubercles distally, tip not reaching to the distal end of basal antennal article; cornea located subterminally and laterally, darkly pigmented. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 5 C) thicker, but shorter than antennal peduncle; article 2 shorter than article 1; article 3 twice as long as article 2. Flagella subequal in length to entire peduncle; lower ramus slightly longer than upper ramus, with much denser and longer setation. Antennal peduncle (Fig. 5 C) with terminal article slightly longer than penultimate article; short basal article forming slightly produced; second article longer than first, third article shortest; fourth article elongate, longer than second and third article combined; fifth article narrower, as long as fourth article. Mouthparts typical for genus according to external observation, not illustrated. Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 7 A) without exopod; ischium-merus not particularly broadened, subrectangular in general shape; ischium 1.5 times as long as broad, mesial surface with well-developed crista dentata consisting of row of small teeth; merus subtriangular, narrowing distally, 1.2 times as broad as long; carpus triangular, widened distally, narrowing in proximal and distal part, as long as broad; propodus large, subrectangular, broader than long; dactylus narrow, tapering distally, arcuate. Pereopods 1 (chelipeds) subequal in length but dissimilar. Larger cheliped (Fig. 6 A, B) with ischium slender (about 3.0 times as long as broad), upper margin slightly sinuous, lower margin with row of small spines. Merus about 3 times as long as wide; upper margin gently convex; outer face divided into 2 facets by longitudinal carina; lower margin devoid of prominent hook-like process, bicarinate, inner carina with row of teeth. Carpus long, about 1.4 times as long as high, subrectangular in outer view; upper and lower margins sharply keeled, subparallel or very slightly diverging distally. Chela shorter than carpus; fingers with narrow hiatus when closed. Fixed finger almost straight, armed with sharp triangular teeth becoming smaller distally on occlusal margin; dactylus longer than palm, occlusal margin with spiniform teeth in middle part. Minor cheliped (Fig. 6 C – E) more slender than large cheliped. Ischium about 4.0 times as long as wide; upper margin gently sinuous, unarmed; lower margin almost straight, armed with small teeth. Merus about 2 times as long as broad; upper margin slightly convex; lower margin gently concave, with row of small spines. Carpus long, about 2 times longer than high, subrectangular; upper and lower margins sharply keeled and subparallel. Chela slightly longer than carpus; Fingers with narrow hiatus when closed. Fixed finger almost straight, armed with small, sharp triangular teeth becoming smaller distally. Dactylus subequal in length to palm, armed with conspicuous teeth proximal to midlength, terminating in hook-like tip. Pereopods 2 – 5 typical for genus, as figured (Fig. 7 B – E). Female pleopod 1 simple (Fig. 7 F), consisting of two articles; terminal article longer than proximal article, with shoulder at midlength. Female pleopod 2 biramous (Fig. 7 G), endopod with appendix interna. Uropodal protopod (Fig. 5 D) bearing bilobed posterodorsal margin. Endopod shorter than telson, rhomboidal, about as long as wide, with distinctly convex outer margin, lateral margin unarmed; mesial margin fringed with setae. Exopod longer than endopod, rounded oblong, 1.1 times as broad as long, bearing well-developed, marginally setose anterodorsal plate. Colour in life. Body entirely beige; chelae pale pink; in breeding season (spring) orange or reddish ovary visible through translucent cuticle in females.	en	Sepahvand, Vahid, Komai, Tomoyuki, Momtazi, Farzaneh, Shahabi, Saeed (2018): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 from Iran, and new record of N. manningi Kazmi & Kazmi, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae). Zootaxa 4527 (2): 239-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.5
EC3D87F1FF9AFF8856D9FD8E1FCA8DC6.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Heretofore known only from the type locality, Karachi, Pakistan. Our specimens represent the first record of the species outside the type locality. The two specimens examined were found to burrow under large rocks on sand-mud substrates in intertidal zone.	en	Sepahvand, Vahid, Komai, Tomoyuki, Momtazi, Farzaneh, Shahabi, Saeed (2018): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 from Iran, and new record of N. manningi Kazmi & Kazmi, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae). Zootaxa 4527 (2): 239-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.5
EC3D87F1FF9AFF8856D9FD8E1FCA8DC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Neocallichirus manningi was originally described on the basis of two female specimens from Karachi, Pakistan (Kazmi & Kazmi 1992). Since the original description, there have been no additional records of this species. The original authors commented that N. manningi is morphologically similar to N. indicus (= N. jousseaumei) and N. pachydactyla (A. Milne-Edwards, 1870), and in fact, Sakai (1999) and Sakai & Apel (2002) considered N. manningi to be synonymous with N. indicus. Sakai (2011) reinstated N. manningi as a valid species, but did not provide much justification. Our specimens from the Gulf of Oman agree well with the original description of N. manningi in the following diagnostic particulars: (1) the terminal process of the eye-stalk has minutely denticulate distal margin (Fig. 5 C); (2) the frontal margin of the carapace bears obtuse lateral processes lateral to the obtusely triangular rostrum (Fig. 5 C); (3) the posterior margin of the telson is slightly concave, bearing a minute median spine (Fig. 5 D); (4) the chelipeds are subequal in the length but dissimilar, with respective carpus being distinctly longer than high and subequal or only slightly shorter than chela (Fig. 6 A, C). Nevertheless, our specimens are different from the type description of N. manningi in having spinose lower margins of ischia of both chelipeds and spinose lower margin of the merus of the larger cheliped. The chela of the smaller cheliped has as a short row of small spines on the lower margin near the base of the fixed finger in our specimens, but such spines are not mentioned or illustrated in the original description of N. manningi. At present, we regard these differences could be intraspecific, but examination of more material will be necessary to determine if the present specimens really represent N. manningi.	en	Sepahvand, Vahid, Komai, Tomoyuki, Momtazi, Farzaneh, Shahabi, Saeed (2018): A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 from Iran, and new record of N. manningi Kazmi & Kazmi, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae). Zootaxa 4527 (2): 239-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.5
