taxonID	type	description	language	source
F36DFF20B15BFF8A1C8CFCE66027AAB5.taxon	discussion	S. clavipes C. L. Koch, 1836 is the currently accepted name of a species propria with the herewith corrected date “ 1836 ” instead of the widely used “ 1847 ” (see Bonato et al. 2016, founded on Würmli 1980). The name is not yet registered with Zoobank. This species is often cited explicitly or with the implicit understanding that it was first published in C. L. Koch’s well-known monograph and catalogue “ System der Myriapoda ” (Koch 1847), see for example Attems (1902, 1930), Kraepelin (1903), and Bonato et al. (2016), and a posthumously published work of C. L. Koch himself (Koch 1863 a, see also Kohlrausch 1879, p. 72; 1881, p. 83). In fact, the text in Koch (1847, p. 169) is just the first comprehensive description, while the first illustration is found in Koch (1863 a). Publications before 1847 by Stein (1839, p. 278), Brandt (1840, p. 149) and Ranzani (1841, pp. 394, 441) as well as the coetaneous work of Walckenaer & Gervais (1847; p. 257), quoted the source of the description in two different ways. Stein (1839, p. 278) cited this as “ Koch (in den von Dr. Herrich-Schäffer herausgeg. Deutschl. Krust. Myriap. und Arachn.) ” while the other authors did it as “ Koch (Deutschl. Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden, Heft [German term for “ fascicle ”] (or as Fasc.) 9, tab. [abbreviation of the Latin tabula = “ plate ”] (or as pl.) 1.) ”, but not any of them specified the year of the paper’s release. This work certainly was published in two versions, both with identical content but with different numbering and title (Nagel & Grieder 2019, e. g. Figures 2 - 7) (Figs. 1, 2). The species S. clavipes was published by C. L. Koch in the section “ Anmerkungen ” (notes) of the letterpress associated with the text to index species Tab. 1 and plate 1 (S. italica), but not appearing in the index itself nor in an illustration in the following parts of the two parallel editions [Author of letterpress and illustrations in both editions: C. L. Koch] (Fig. 1 D, 2 D): Koch, C. L. (1836 a). Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Fauna. [Herausgegeben von Dr. Herrich-Schäffer] [N. B.: This statement “ Edited by Dr. Herrich-Schäffer “ is true for the whole Koch series, despite it was printed only on few title pages]. 9 th fascicle, 24 plates and associated letterpress. Regensburg: Fr. Pustet. [in the present paper quoted as the “ Koch series ”]. and Koch, C. L. (1836 b) in Herrich-Schäffer G. A. W. (ed.). Deutschlands Insecten, herausgegeben von G. W. F. Panzer, fortgesetzt von Dr. G. A. W. Herrich-Schäffer. 142 nd fascicle, 24 plates and associated letterpress. Regensburg: Fr. Pustet. (in the present paper quoted as the “ Herrich-Schäffer series ”) The index pages (wrappers) of these Hefte of both editions display a footnote with the imprinted date “ Den 1. Oktober 1836 ” (Figs. 1 B, 2 B). This date was confirmed as the actual date of publication of both Hefte 9 and 142 (Nagel & Grieder 2019). Consequently, the original description of S. clavipes has to be dated as “ 1 st. Oct. 1836 ” and the publication should be chosen as Heft 9 of the “ Koch series ” or as Heft 142 of the “ Herrich-Schäffer series ”. The citation of Heft 9 as part of the Koch series in the form of a separate line of the text in Heft 142 of the Herrich-Schäffer series (see Fig. 2 C) by Koch himself is an objective evidence of the precedence of Heft 9 in the case of a simultaneous publication (Nagel & Grieder 2019). The detailed statement in Nagel & Grieder (2019, p. 119) quoting “ 1836 ” rather than “ 1837 ” of Heft 9 in the Koch series “ Deutschlands Crustaceen … ” reveals a minor uncertainty: Indeed, a few subsequent references seem to support the publication date “ 1837 ”, without denying the wrapper date “ 1836 ” (ICZN 1999, Article 21.2; Nagel & Grieder 2019, pp. 119 - 120). Identical description of S. clavipes in Heft 142 of the Herrich-Schäffer series “ Deutschlands Insecten … ” was equally dated as “ 1. Oktober 1836 ” with stronger evidence: Five subsequent records of Heft 142 have to be dated “ 1836 ” with the utmost probability (Nagel & Grieder 2019, p. 70). In summary, both Hefte 9 and 142 were published contemporaneously. Heft 9 was cited in Heft 142 and hence marked as the original publication (see above). Consequently, the work containing the original description must be determined as follows: Scolopendra clavipes C. L. Koch, 1836 in Koch, C. L., Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Fauna. Heft 9, unpaginated letterpress titled “ Anmerkung [no.] 3) ” [1 p.], listed subsequently to index species no. 9.1. Regensburg: Fr. Pustet. Date of publication 1 October 1836 (cf. Fig. 1 B). The application of this amendment will contribute to the stability of nomenclature with regard to the date and title of publication. However, some other nomenclatural issues such as the list of subspecies or eventual synonyms were not checked in detail as this would be beyond the scope of the present contribution.	en	Doménech, Carles, Nagel, Peter (2022): On the dates of publication of four European species of Scolopendra Linnaeus 1758 described by C. L. Koch (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa 5159 (1): 125-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.1.6
F36DFF20B158FF8A1C8CFC3861DEAEE6.taxon	discussion	The name Scolopendra italica C. L Koch, 1836 is depicted with the corrected date “ 1836 ” instead of the widely used date “ 1837 ”. Gervais (1837) seems to be the first author who cited the original description of S. italica correctly (in Koch, Deutschl., Crust., Myr., Arach., Heft 9, species no. 1), although without date. The correct reference of the original description was also given by Koch himself (Koch 1847) with equal ranking of both Hefte as “ 9. (142.) 1. ”, and Koch (1863 b) as “ Deutschl. Crustaceen, Arachniden und Myriapoden Heft 9 ”, neither of them dated. The date “ 1836 ” together with the reference to Heft 9 of the Koch series was only used recently (1 Feb 2021) for the Zoobank record (http: // zoobank. org / NomenclaturalActs / 3 c 684667 - fc 35 - 4942 - bbe 9 - d 2462 fb 1 d 5 f 8, and http: // zoobank. org / References / 3 e 59 cf 22 - 15 c 6 - 49 d 4 - 9724 - f 9692847 f 2 f 1) last accessed in 23 th january of 2022). Original description: Similar to S. clavipes (see reasoning above), S. italica was originally described on 1 st October in Koch C. L. (1836 a) (precedence), and, simultaneously, in Koch (1836 b) (subordinated). Scolopendra italica C. L Koch., 1836 [1 Oct.]. Index Tab. 1, Plate 9.1., Text headed 9.1 [2 pp., second page unpaginated] – In: Koch, C. L. (1836 a). Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Fauna. [Herausgegeben von Dr. Herrich-Schäffer] [N. B.: This statement “ Edited by Dr. Herrich-Schäffer “ is true for the whole Koch series, however printed only on some title pages]. 9 tes Heft, 24 plates and associated letterpress. Regensburg: Fr. Pustet. The differences between the parallel published, corresponding Hefte of the Koch series and the Herrich-Schäffer series were described by Nagel & Grieder (2019, p. 39). They are also present between Heft 9 and 142. The currently accepted (valid) name for S. italica C. L. Koch, 1836 is Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 (see Bonato et al. 2016, founded on Newport 1845, p. 388, see also urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 3 C 684667 - FC 35 - 4942 - BBE 9 - D 2462 FB 1 D 5 F 8, http: // zoobank. org / NomenclaturalActs / 3 c 684667 - fc 35 - 4942 - bbe 9 - d 2462 fb 1 d 5 f 8; last accessed 16 th Jan. 2022). The often referenced date “ 1837 ” traces back to Kraepelin (1903), Attems (1930) or even earlier to the wrong dating of Heft 9 of the Koch series. Bonato et al. (2016), item “ Scolopendra italica C. L. Koch, 1837 ”, mix the references of Heft 9 of the Koch series and Heft 142 of the Herrich-Schäffer series, and also cite “ 1837 ” in error.	en	Doménech, Carles, Nagel, Peter (2022): On the dates of publication of four European species of Scolopendra Linnaeus 1758 described by C. L. Koch (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa 5159 (1): 125-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.1.6
F36DFF20B15FFF8D1C8CFC8F657CAE16.taxon	description	Scolopendra germanica C. L. Koch 1836 [1 Oct.]. Index Tab. 2., Plate 9.2., Text 9.2 [1 page with header 9.2, subsequent page unpaginated] - In: Koch, C. L. (1836 a) Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Fauna. Herausgegeben von Dr. Herrich-Schäffer, 9 tes Heft. Regensburg: Fr. Pustet. Parallel publication in Koch (1836 b) (see treatise on S. clavipes above). The name S. germanica C. L. Koch, 1836 is herewith corrected from the misleading “ 1837 ” e. g. in Kraepelin (1903) and Attems (1930). When describing and publishing his “ Scolopendra germanica ” in 1836, Koch indicated a possible identity with the earlier described and illustrated “ Cryptops hortensis ” in Leach (1817) [actually: Cryptops hortensis (Donovan, 1810)] by relating to this reference and followed by a question mark. However, Koch has possibly never seen the reference “ Zoological Miscellany ” (Leach 1817), because he made mistakes with the volume number (II or III) and already in 1836 he called C. hortensis “ [species] n. 2 [in Leach] ” (actually: C. hortensis is species no. 1 in Leach, Vol. III, p. 42, 1817). This concept (S. germanica is a synonym of C. hortensis) was adopted by prominent researchers like Kraepelin (1903) and Attems (1930). Immediately after its description, Gervais (1837, p. 51) synonymized S. germanica Koch with Cryptops savignii Leach, 1817 (actually: C. savignyi Leach, 1817, because of its prevailing usage: see Lewis 2014, Bonato et al. 2016). This classification was also adopted and maintained by Koch (1847) until his last work (Koch 1863 b). During the following decades none of these taxonomic concepts was unanimously accepted. The classification of S. germanica C. L. Koch, 1836 is debated until date. Considered synonyms comprise C. hortensis (Donovan, 1810), C. savignyi Leach, 1817, and, predominantly, C. anomalans Newport, 1844. Several relevant references do not mention S. germanica C. L. Koch, 1836 at all (Lewis 2011, 2014; Bonato et al. 2016). A focused taxonomic study seems to be necessary to reveal the taxonomic status of this species and to resolve this historic taxonomic controversy.	en	Doménech, Carles, Nagel, Peter (2022): On the dates of publication of four European species of Scolopendra Linnaeus 1758 described by C. L. Koch (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa 5159 (1): 125-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.1.6
F36DFF20B15FFF8D1C8CFF5B6508ABE1.taxon	description	Scolopendra graeca C. L. Koch 1836 [1. Oct.]. Text 9.1 [Anmerkung 2, 1 p., unpaginated] - In: Koch, C. L. (1836 a) Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Fauna. Herausgegeben von Dr. Herrich-Schäffer. [see S. clavipes above] 9 tes Heft. Regensburg: Fr. Pustet. This case is similar to S. clavipes (see above). The pretended original description in Koch (1847) is just a comprehensive redescription from Koch (1836 a, b). The original description was published as “ Anmerkung 2 ” in line with the description of S. italica in Heft 9 of the Koch series and, concurrently, Heft 142 of the Herrich-Schäffer series without being listed in the index and neither illustrated. The name S. graeca C. L. Koch, 1836 is corrected herewith from the wrong “ 1847 ” or referenced work “ System der Myriapoda ”, respectively (Koch 1847, pp. 161, 269, plate 5 detail drawings). The latter reference was used in the sense of the first description e. g. by Koch (1863 b pp. 70, 71, plate 95 habitus), Kraepelin (1903, p. 254), Attems (1930, p. 28) and Bonato et al. (2016). The currently accepted name is Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 (see Bonato et al. 2016, founded on Kraepelin 1903).	en	Doménech, Carles, Nagel, Peter (2022): On the dates of publication of four European species of Scolopendra Linnaeus 1758 described by C. L. Koch (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa 5159 (1): 125-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.1.6
