identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F336CC7E5D7C0225AEB4A2F8FBEAFD72.text	F336CC7E5D7C0225AEB4A2F8FBEAFD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera Zahlbr.	<div><p>Steinera Zahlbr.</p><p>Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, 8 Bot.: 41 (1906). Type: Steinera molybdoplaca (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Zahlbr.</p><p>Description (adapted from Henssen &amp; James 1982): Thallus subfoliose to placodioid (sometimes entirely isidiate and then appearing composed of ascending, terete lobes), loosely to closely attached to the substrate, rosette-shaped, to 6 cm diam., margin distinctly and ±regularly lobate; marginal lobes separated by deep fissures, rarely partly overlapping, radiating. Upper surface smooth to roughened, sometimes scabrid. Lower surface smooth, usually without rhizohyphae. Prothallus not developed. Apothecia discrete or contiguous, usually laminal and mostly restricted to the central areas of the thallus, developed on the upper surface of the thallus, up to 1 mm diam., immersed or eventually sessile and then often with a thin thalline margin concolourous with the thallus. Thalline anatomy: hyphae in upper 1/2–1/3 of thallus running perpendicularly to surface; upper ±algal-free layer (or ‘cortex’) consists of a layer of thin-walled, oval, cuboidal or shortly elongated cells, usually ±paraplectenchymatous and overlaid by an uneven, amorphous, semi-translucent, thin, necrotic layer. Photobiont a species of Nostoc, mainly aggregated in the upper c. 1/3–1/2 of the thallus; individual photobiont cells pale orange to olivaceous green (heterocytes paler, yellowish), spherical or slightly wider than long, in clusters surrounded by a gelatinous sheath; clusters typically arranged in vertically elongated fascicles between the fan-shaped ascending hyphae, being usually pale orange near the surface and greenish in deeper parts of the thallus; hyphae below algal layer usually more loosely arranged, ±horizontally radiating towards the apices of the marginal lobes, generally interspersed with simple chains of algal cells. Lower surface with a ±irregularly developed and usually ±paraplectenchymatous cortex layer in the distal parts of thallus. Apothecial anatomy: Excipulum inconspicuous or thin, consisting laterally of short-celled, hyaline hyphae arranged in parallel, basally becoming ±paraplectenchymatous; sometimes with a thin thalline margin at the outer edge containing clusters of the photobiont. Hymenium hyaline, not inspersed, I+ deep dark blue turning dark reddish brown, KI+ deep blue; epihymenium pale yellowish to pale brown, rarely hyaline, I+ deep dark blue turning dark reddish brown, K– or K+ faintly darker brown; paraphyses simple to branched-anastomosing mainly in upper parts of hymenium; apical cells shortened, swollen. Hypothecium hyaline, consisting of densely short-celled hyphae above, becoming ±paraplectenchymatous below, KI+ blue. Asci (4–)8- spored, clavate, usually with a distinct foot, with a well-developed tholus; ascospores transversely septate, straight or slightly curved, narrowly ellipsoid, oblong or fusiform, with rounded or ±acicular ends, without a distinct gelatinous sheath, I–, KI–. Pycnidia rarely present, immersed in thallus; conidiophores short-celled; conidia hyaline, rod-shaped to ellipsoid.</p><p>Chemistry: No lichen substances detected by TLC.</p><p>Notes: Zahlbruckner (1906) typified the new genus Steinera on ‘ Amphidium molybdoplacum ’ as he wrote (pg 42): “Die neue Gattung wird auf jene Flechte begründet, welche Nylander under dem Namen ‘ Amphidium molybdoplacum ’ beschrieb”. S. glaucella and S. molybdoplaca were not recognized as separate species by Zahlbruckner (1906) who treated S. glaucella as a synonym of S. molybdoplaca in his publication describing the genus Steinera . Unfortunately, S. glaucella was published one month earlier than S. molybdoplaca, a fact to which Tuckerman (1877) drew attention. As a consequence, Dodge (1948) published the new combination Steinera glaucella (Tuck.) Dodge and treated Steinera molybdoplaca as a synonym, with “ Amphidium molybdoplaca Nyl. ” cited as being the type of the genus Steinera .</p><p>We compared the types of S. glaucella and S. molybdoplaca and despite the fragmentary nature of the type of S. glaucella it became clear that they represent two different species. They share the greyish thallus colour but differ in a number of other important characters, such as thallus size, and apothecium and spore characters, and belong to the two different species groups that we have recognized in Steinera sensu Henssen &amp; James (1982), with S. glaucella belonging to the group with simple spores and S. molybdoplaca to the group with septate spores. Therefore, Dodge (1948) wrongly treated Steinera glaucella as a species having the morphology of Steinera molybdoplaca sensu Nylander (original description of the species), and thus as a species having mainly 3-septate ascospores and a large thallus that might reach 4 cm in diameter. Later, Henssen &amp; James (1982), who also considered S. molybdoplaca as a synonym of S. glaucella, used “ Steinera glaucella ” as the type species of the genus Steinera . Because Zahlbruckner (1906) wrongly treated Pannaria glaucella (published in October 1875) as a synonym of Amphidium molybdoplaca (published in November 1875) in the original description of the genus Steinera, Henssen &amp; James (1982, p. 246) wrote that “Even if Steinera glaucella and S. molybdoplaca had been found to be different entities the specific epithet molybdoplaca was rendered nomenclaturally superfluous when published (Art. 63). This is because the earlier name Pannaria glaucella, which should have formed the basionym, is cited in the synonymy of Zahbruckner’s new combination Steinera molybdoplaca, which was based on Amphidium molybdophaeum, which was published a month later.” [Note: Art. 63 at this time is Art. 52 in the current code of nomenclature]. However, Zahlbruckner (1906) clearly typified the genus Steinera on “ Amphidium molybdoplacum ” (see above), thus on a legitimate basionym having its own type specimen different from that of Steinera glaucella . He also correctly illustrated the 3-septate ascospores for S. molybdoplaca showing that his concept of S. molybdoplaca was that of the type specimen of that species and not that of S. glaucella . It must be noted that the new combination Steinera molybdoplaca (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Zahlbr. is not illegitimate (Art. 52.3, see also example 15 about Chloris radiata and Andropogon fasciculatus). Zahlbruckner (1906) wrongly considered “ Pannaria glaucella Tuck. ” as a synonym of Steinera molybdoplaca, but this does not imply that P. glaucella should be considered as the type species of the genus Steinera as has been stated by Henssen &amp; James (1982), in particular as Steinera glaucella is a species different from Zahlbruckner’s concept of Steinera molybdoplaca . Therefore, we conclude that the correct type species of the genus Steinera is S. molybdoplaca (Nyl.) Zahlbr., as has been cited for instance by Keuk (1977).</p><p>The following taxonomic treatment does not take into account the infraspecific taxa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D7C0225AEB4A2F8FBEAFD72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D7D0227AEB4A0B6FF2EFA5A.text	F336CC7E5D7D0227AEB4A0B6FF2EFA5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera isidiata Ertz & R. S. Poulsen 2017	<div><p>Steinera isidiata Ertz &amp; R.S. Poulsen spec. nov. (Fig. 4)</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822678</p><p>Diagnosis: A species of Steinera characterized by a subfoliose to placodioid, brown isidiate thallus with marginal lobes 0.5–3 mm wide, (2–)3-septate ascospores that are 18–25(–28) × (5–)6–7 μm.</p><p>Type:—CROZET. Île de La Possession, partie amont de la rivière de la Crique de la Chaloupe (nord-ouest de la base Alfred Faure), le long du transit vers la Baie Américaine, c. 125 m, 46°24’40”S, 51°49’58”E, bloc rocheux dans le lit du ruisseau, sur mousses près du niveau de l’eau, 26 November 2015, D. Ertz 20689 (holotype BR!, isotype PC!).</p><p>Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the isidiate thallus.</p><p>Thallus subfoliose to placodioid, rather loosely attached to the substrate, 1–3(–4) cm diam., margin distinctly and ±regularly lobate; marginal lobes 0.5–3 mm wide. Upper surface smooth, dark-brown, rarely pale brown when less exposed, not pruinose, with scattered to abundant isidia on the upper surface or rarely at the margin of the thallus, sometimes covering the entire surface of the central parts of the thallus; isidia concolorous with the thallus, globose to ± narrowly clavate, sometimes ±spathulate, simple, bifurcate or branched-coralloid, up to 1 × 0.15 mm. Apothecia often absent, but sometimes abundant, mostly restricted to the central areas of the thallus, discrete or sometimes 2–5(–10) contiguous, rarely fused, 0.3–0.8(–1) mm diam., immersed when young, remaining immersed or becoming slightly sessile at maturity; disc red-brown to black, plane to slightly convex at maturity; thalline margin sometimes visible at maturity, narrow, to 60 μm wide, concolourous with thallus. Thalline anatomy: thallus c. 200–400 μm thick; hyphae in upper 1/2–1/3 of thallus running perpendicularly to surface getting short-celled and densely packed towards upper surface; upper ±algal-free layer consists of a c. 15–30 μm thick, hyaline to pale brown layer of ±isodiametric or slightly elongated cells of c. 3–6(–10) × 3–5 μm diam., which is sometimes overlaid by a necrotic layer, 2–4 μm thick. Photobiont Nostoc; individual photobiont cells 3–7(–10) μm diam., heterocytes c. 6–8 μm diam.; hyphae in medulla c. 2–4(–5) μm wide. Lower surface light-brown to whitish, smooth, with a ±irregularly developed hyaline cortical layer c. 15–20 μm thick, composed of irregularly shaped, ±isodiametric or slightly elongated cells of c. 3–6(–10) × 3–5 μm diam.; rhizines few, short, simple, concolorous with the thallus. Apothecial anatomy: Excipulum 30–60 μm thick consisting laterally of short-celled, c. 12–15 × 4–6 μm hyaline hyphae arranged in parallel and becoming brownish near the surface, and basally paraplectenchymatous, of hyaline cells c. 4–7 μm diam. Hymenium 90–120 μm high; epihymenium brown; paraphyses branched-anastomosing mainly in upper parts of hymenium, 2–3 μm wide; apical cells shortened and swollen, with brown walls, 3–4 μm wide. Hypothecium 75–150 μm high. Asci 70–75 × 14–20 μm, tholus with a KI+ dark blue outer layer; ascospores 8 per ascus, (2–)3-septate, straight, narrowly ellipsoid to fusiform with usually pointed ends, 18–25(–28) × (5–)6–7 μm. Pycnidia not seen.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: This species is mainly restricted to lowland habitats but also occurs in higher elevation. It is primarily found on various saxicolous mosses, but has also been seen on gravelly soil, and occasionally directly on basaltic rock. It is scattered to relatively common throughout all investigated areas on Crozet and Kerguelen, with well-developed thalli near streams.</p><p>Notes: Steinera isidiata is similar to S. latispora that differs by a non-isidiate thallus, ascospores having sometimes a longitudinal septum and being slightly shorter and wider, 16–20 × 7–8 μm (Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen 2006). Steinera isidiata is also reminiscent and phylogenetically close to S. subantarctica but that species differs by a non-isidiate, smaller thallus and 5–6-septate ascospores 28–32 × 4–5 μm (Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen 2001, sub. ‘ Arctomia ’ subantarctica). Steinera olechiana also has a brown isidiate thallus but differs by 5–7-septate ascospores that are 34–42 × 5–8 μm (Alstrup &amp; Søchting 2011). Earlier reports of the superficially similar Massalongia carnosa (Dicks.) Körb. (1855:109) from the subantarctic and antarctic should be checked against this species, despite its presence in the southern hemisphere is at least confirmed for the Falklands (A. Fryday pers. comm.). They differ e.g. in internal thallus anatomy and characters of the apothecium including spore septation (1-septate in M. carnosa). Specimen Ertz 20816 growing on acrocarpous mosses is almost entirely isidiate, with very reduced thallus lobes, looking almost as a tiny fruticose-coralloid lichen. A lichenicolous fungus (black perithecia immersed in the thallus) is present on specimen Ertz 20816.</p><p>Examined specimens: CROZET. Île de La Possession, Pointe Basse, rivière juste en amont de l’arbec, c. 80 m, 46°21’56”S, 51°42’40”E, blocs rocheux sur la berge d’un ruisseau, sur mousses près du niveau de l’eau, 30 November 2015, D. Ertz 20713 (BR); ibidem, Arête des Djinns, c. 700–900 m, 46°26’07”S, 51°46’48”E, rocher de crête, sur mousses, 06 December 2015, D. Ertz 20816 (BR); Mont du Mischief, col situé juste au nord-est du sommet, entre la vallée des Géants et le vallon situé au nord du sommet du Mischief, c. 795 m, 46°24’46”S, 51°41’47”E, gros bloc rocheux, sur mousses, 08 December 2015, D. Ertz 20869 (BR). KERGUELEN. Peninsule Courbet, Rivière du Sud, en amont de la cabane Jacky, 50 m, 49°19’21”S, 70°07’31”E, bloc rocheux au bord de la rivière, 13 January 2014, D. Ertz 18958 (BR); versant droit de la Rivière du Sud, Ravin du Mica, 150 m, 49°16’07.6”S, 70°03’11.1”E, 17 November 2016, D. Ertz 21011 (BR); Val Studer, versant droit de la Rivière du Sud un peu en aval du Lac Supérieur, 90 m, 49°17’22”S, 70°02’59”E, 16 Novermber 2016, D. Ertz 20981, 20982, 20986 (BR); vallon encaissé s’ouvrant dans le versant droit de la Rivière du Sud un peu en aval du Lac Supérieur, 105 m, 49°17’27”S, 70°03’11”E, 16 Novermber 2016, D. Ertz 20994 (BR). Cirque du Chateau, on plateau around upper course of Rivière de la Grande Muraille c. 1–2 km S of la Grande Cascade, 250 m, 49°17’6”S, 70°07’9”E, 15 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 171 (C); Mt. Crozier, just below and &lt;150 m from summit, 950 m, 49°17’7”S, 69°59’1”E, 18 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 295 (C); W end of Presqu’Île du Prince de Galles, Roche Verte, 110 m, 49°25’2”S, 70°19’6”E, 14 March 1999, R.S. Poulsen 1151 (C). Golfe du Morbihan, Île Australia, c. 3 m, 49°28’S, 69°52’E, 22 December 2013, D. Ertz 18761 (BR); Île Guillou, c. 14 m, 49°28’57”S, 69°49’06”E, 08 January 2014, D. Ertz 18862 (BR); Île Mayes, E end of the island 100–200 m from sea, 30 m, 49°28’2”S, 69°57’1”E, 17 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 233 (60 m a.s.l.), 247, 261 (C). La Mortadelle, SE part (at the foot) of La Mortadelle, c. 0.5 km W of Lac Ampère, c. 100 m from cabin/shelter, 150 m, 49°25’4”S, 69°10’8”E, 17 January 1999, R.S. Poulsen 580a (C). Péninsule Rallier du Baty, Baie de la Mouche, N part of Les Restanques &lt;300 m from coast, 25 m, 49°33’6”S, 69°03’5”E, 2 February 1999, R.S. Poulsen 748 (C); Les Deux Frères, at the SE foot of the mountain, 50 m, 49°38’4”S, 69°00’4”E, 5 February 1999, R.S. Poulsen 845 (C); E-most part of Arete Jérémine by W end of Anse du Gros Ventre, 20 m, 49°43’4”S, 68°55’5”E, 6 February 1999, R.S. Poulsen 880 (C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D7D0227AEB4A0B6FF2EFA5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D7F0220AEB4A7DEFE8EFEB6.text	F336CC7E5D7F0220AEB4A7DEFE8EFEB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera latispora (Crozet, Ertz 2017) Crozet, Ertz 2017	<div><p>Steinera latispora (Øvstedal) Ertz comb. nov. (Fig. 5)</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822679 Basionym: Arctomia latispora Øvstedal, in Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen, South African Journal of Botany 72: 354 (2006). Type:— HEARD</p><p>ISLAND. Scarlet Hill Plateau, 27 January 2001, N.J.M. Gremmen H-0904 (holotype HO!). [Note: published as ‘“ Arctomia ”</p><p>latispora ’.]</p><p>Description: see Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen (2006).</p><p>Distribution and ecology: This species is only known from Heard Island (Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen 2006) and Crozet (this paper). On Crozet, the species seems to be rare and was only found in one locality on saxicolous/terricolous mosses on boulders near a small stream. It must be searched for on Kerguelen.</p><p>Notes: Steinera latispora is similar to S. isidiata and mainly differs from it by a non-isidiate thallus (see notes under that species for more details). Specimens from Crozet are mainly sterile, not allowing us to improve the description made by Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen (2006). We observed only two ascospores of 27–28 × 8–10 μm, thus larger than in the original description. According to Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen (2001), Arctomia delicatula and A. interfixa “have less developed thalli with cortex only one layer thick and convex apothecia with excipulum proprium consisting of radiating hyphae (Henssen 1969)” but they have similar ascus type, spores and paraphyses as “ A.” subantarctica . Both “ A.” subantarctica and “ A.” latispora were said to belong to a different genus than Arctomia s. str., for which the generic affinity was under study (Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen 2006). Our phylogeny proves that they belong to Steinera .</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.84889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.442223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.84889/lat -46.442223)">Examined</a> specimens: CROZET. Île de La Possession, vallon du barrage situé entre la Base Alfred Faure et la Pointe du Bougainville, c. 170 m, 46°26’32”S, 51°50’56”E, 21 November 2015, D. Ertz 20591 (BR) ; ibidem, c. 165 m, 46°26’22.5”S, 51°50’58”E, 21 November 2015, D. Ertz 20577 (BR); ibidem, 11 November 2016, D. Ertz 20966, 20969 (BR) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D7F0220AEB4A7DEFE8EFEB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D780222AEB4A14BFB8CFC9A.text	F336CC7E5D780222AEB4A14BFB8CFC9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera lebouvieri Ertz 2017	<div><p>Steinera lebouvieri Ertz spec. nov. (Fig. 6)</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822680</p><p>Diagnosis: A species of Steinera characterized by a pale greyish to whitish, often with a pinkish tinge, subfoliose to placodioid thallus with central parts remaining subfoliose and marginal lobes (2–)3–5(–6) mm wide, (1–2–)3-septate ascospores that are (17–)19–26(–31) × 7–10 μm.</p><p>Type:—CROZET. Île de La Possession, Mont du Mischief, tout près du sommet, c. 910 m, 46°24’59”S, 51°41’37”E, sur rochers moussus, 8 December 2015, D. Ertz 20867 (holotype BR!, isotype PC!)</p><p>Etymology: The new species is dedicated to Marc Lebouvier for his outstanding work on the terrestrial biodiversity of the French subantarctic islands.</p><p>Thallus subfoliose to placodioid, rather loosely attached to the substrate, 2–3(–4) cm diam., margin distinctly and ±regularly lobate, central parts remaining subfoliose (never crustose); marginal lobes (2–)3–5(–6) mm wide. Upper surface smooth in distal parts, sometimes ±scabrid in central parts, pale greyish to whitish, often with a pinkish tinge, not pruinose, without soredia or isidia. Apothecia abundant, mostly restricted to the central areas of the thallus, discrete or sometimes confluent, up to 0.6(–0.8) mm diam., immersed when young, remaining immersed or becoming sessile, without or rarely with a slightly constricted base at maturity; disc dark brown or reddish-brown to almost black, plane to slightly convex at maturity; thalline margin inconspicuous to narrow at maturity, to 0.12 mm wide, concolourous with thallus. Thalline anatomy: thallus c. 300–700 μm thick; hyphae in upper 1/2–1/3 of thallus running perpendicularly to surface becoming short-celled and densely packed towards upper surface; upper ±algal-free layer consists of a c. 15–50 μm thick, hyaline layer of ±isodiametric cells, 4–8(–10) μm, rarely slightly elongated and then 8–10 × 5–6 μm diam. that is overlaid by a necrotic layer, c. 5–10 μm thick. Photobiont Nostoc; individual photobiont cells 4–8 μm diam., heterocytes 5–8 μm diam.; hyphae in medulla c. 2–4(–5) μm wide. Lower surface light-brown to whitish, in the foliose distal parts of thallus with a ±irregularly developed cortex layer c. 20–25 μm thick, composed of thick-walled, ±isodiametric cells, 3–5 μm diam. Apothecial anatomy: Excipulum compound, consisting of an inner proper exciple and an outer thalline exciple; proper exciple hyaline, becoming brownish near the surface, laterally of hyphae arranged in parallel, 10–25 μm, with cells of c. 5–10 × 2–3 μm and basally paraplectenchymatous, 20–35 μm, with isodiametric c. 4–6 μm diam. to elongate cells up to 15 × 5 μm; thalline exciple inconspicuous or to c. 40–70 μm thick. Hymenium 100–150 μm high; epihymenium pale orange, 10–25 μm; paraphyses branched-anastomosing mainly in upper parts of hymenium, 2–3 μm wide; apical cells swollen, with brown walls, up to 4–5 μm wide, K+ faintly darker brown. Hypothecium 70–180 μm high. Asci 70–90 × 20–25 μm, tholus apparently including a deeper staining KI+ dark blue ring structure; ascospores 8 per ascus, (1–2–)3-septate, straight or slightly curved, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong with rounded to pointed ends, (17–)19–26(–31) × 7–10 μm. Pycnidia not seen.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Steinera lebouvieri is known from Crozet and Kerguelen. It is usually found on saxicolous mosses, rarely directly on exposed rock. On Île de La Possession (Crozet), it seems to be restricted to the highest summits where it is locally abundant. On Kerguelen, the species is rare and was observed mainly near waterfalls in Val Studer and near the summit of Mt. Crozier.</p><p>Notes: Steinera lebouvieri is reminiscent of other species in the genus having a pale greyish to whitish thallus. It is characterized by a combination of the following characters: thallus large, with wide thallus lobes, greyish to whitish and often with a pinkish tinge, and four-celled ascospores. It differs from S. molybdoplaca by the larger thallus’ lobes having a pinkish tinge and while S. molybdoplaca always grows on rock, S. lebouvieri is usually found on saxicolous bryophytes. In Crozet, it was typically found only at high elevation. Henssenia glaucella differs by much smaller thallus and 0(–1)-septate ascospores. Degelia neozelandica (C.W. Dodge) P.M. Jørg. &amp; D.J. Galloway (syn. Steinera neozelandica C.W. Dodge, Parmeliella neozelandica (C.W. Dodge) D.J. Galloway &amp; P. James) differs from the new species notably by simple, much smaller (12–14 × 4–5 μm) ascospores, an arachnoid lower thallus surface and apothecial margin concolorous with the disc or darker (Galloway &amp; James 1984).</p><p>Additional examined specimens: CROZET. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.053055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.290833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.053055/lat -49.290833)">Île de La Possession</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.053055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.290833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.053055/lat -49.290833)">Pic du Mascarin</a>, c. 930 m, 46°26’19”S, 51°44’41”E, 6 December 2015, D. Ertz 20826 (BR). KERGUELEN. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.053055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.290833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.053055/lat -49.290833)">Péninsule Courbet</a>, Val Studer, vallon encaissé s’ouvrant dans le versant droit de la Rivière du Sud un peu en aval du Lac Supérieur, 105 m, 49°17’27”S, 70°03’11”E, 16 November 2016, D. Ertz 20996 (BR) ; ibidem, versant droit de la Rivière du Sud un peu en aval du <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.04972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.289444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.04972/lat -49.289444)">Lac Supérieur</a>, 90 m, 49°17’22”S, 70°02’59”E, 16 November 2016, D. Ertz 20988, 20990 (BR) ; ibidem, Grande Cascade, c. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.050835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.28472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.050835/lat -49.28472)">800 m SE of Lac Supérieur</a>, 100 m, 49°17’5”S, 70°03’3”E, 18 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 371 (C) ; c. 1–1.5 km NE of summit of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.98555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.284164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.98555/lat -49.284164)">Mt. Crozier</a>, 49°17’3”S, 69°59’8”E, 18 December 1998, R. S. Poulsen 349 (C) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D780222AEB4A14BFB8CFC9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D7A023FAEB4A19EFF7FFD12.text	F336CC7E5D7A023FAEB4A19EFF7FFD12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera membranacea Ertz & R. S. Poulsen 2017	<div><p>Steinera membranacea Ertz &amp; R.S. Poulsen spec. nov. (Fig. 7)</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822681</p><p>Diagnosis: A species of Steinera characterized by a subfoliose to placodioid, dark olive-green to brownish black, non-isidiate thallus, (2–)3-septate ascospores that are 22.5–30(–33) × (7.5–)9–12.5 μm.</p><p>Type:— KERGUELEN, Presqu’Île Jeanne d’Arc, c. 2 km au SE de Port-Jeanne d’Arc, c. 100 m, 49°34’S, 69°51’E, 26 January 2014, D. Ertz 19126 (holotype BR!, isotypes REN!, PC!).</p><p>Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the membranaceous-like appearance of the thallus, ressembling those of dry Enchylium species in the field.</p><p>Thallus subfoliose to placodioid, rather tightly attached to the substrate, c. 2–5 cm diam., often fusing together, margin distinctly and ±regularly lobate, central parts sometimes ±squamulose and rather loosely attached to the substrate; marginal lobes 0.5–3 mm wide. Upper surface smooth, dark olive-green to brownish black, not pruinose, without soredia or isidia. Apothecia abundant, discrete or sometimes 2–3 contiguous, 0.8–1.2(–1.5) mm diam., immersed when young, becoming sessile at maturity, with or without a constricted base; disc pale brown to red-brown, plane to strongly convex at maturity; thalline margin inconspicuous or well-developed at maturity, to 0.4 mm wide, concolourous with thallus. Thalline anatomy: thallus 215–280 μm thick; hyphae in upper 1/3–1/4 of thallus running perpendicularly to surface becoming distinctly narrower towards the upper surface, c. 1 μm wide; upper ±algal-free layer consists of a c. 6–14 μm thick, yellowish-brown layer due to the colour of the gelatinous intercellular matrix, which is sometimes overlaid by a necrotic layer, 1–3 μm thick; a true upper cortex is not developed. Photobiont Nostoc; individual photobiont cells, 3–5 μm diam., heterocytes 4–7 μm diam.; hyphae in medulla c. 3–4 μm wide. Lower surface light-brown to whitish, in the subfoliose distal parts of thallus with a ±irregularly developed cortex layer c. 25–40 μm thick, composed of thick-walled, irregularly shaped, ±isodiametric cells, c. 4–5 μm diam, often with thick short hyaline hyphae, extending downwards to the substrate, c. 12–30 × 4–5 μm. Apothecial anatomy: Excipulum inconspicuous or consisting of an inner proper exciple (remnants of the formative tissue) of few hyphae arranged in parallel, c. 10–15 μm thick, and an outer thalline exciple. Hymenium 125–150(–210) μm high; epihymenium hyaline; paraphyses branched mainly in upper parts of hymenium, 1.5–2.5 μm wide; apical cells shortened, not or slightly swollen, hyaline, up to 4.5 μm wide. Hypothecium 150–200 μm high. Asci 90–130(–165) × 15–25 μm, tholus KI+ deep blue with a darker thin outer layer; ascospores 8 per ascus, (2–)3-septate, hyaline, straight, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong with rounded to rarely ±pointed ends, 22.5–30(–33) × (7.5–)9–12.5 μm. Pycnidia hyaline, immersed in thallus, in section globose to ellipsoid, c. 140–160 μm diam.; conidiogenous cells c. 5–6 x 4.5–5.5 μm; conidia rod-shaped to ellipsoid, 3–4 × 1.5 μm.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: So far S. membranacea is only known from Crozet and Kerguelen. It is scattered throughout most investigated areas in Kerguelen, except Peninsule Rallier du Baty where it was not observed. The species is very rare on Crozet and was only collected once near the research station. It is found below 500 m elevation and is most common in lowland areas. It grows on basaltic seepage rock, on pebbles in damp situations and on periodically inundated rocks by lake or stream borders etc. In the La Mortadelle area in the western part of Kerguelen with high annual precipitation, it is occationally found directly on dry, exposed rock as well. It seems to be the most moisture-dependent species in the genus.</p><p>Notes: Steinera membranacea resembles members of the genus Enchylium (Ach.) Gray (recently resurrected to accommodate the Collema Tenax-group; Otálora et al. 2014) in the field, but regarding anatomical features of the thallus and the apothecia, it is similar to the other Steinera species, except that the hyphae often become narrower towards the upper surface whereas in other Steinera species these hyphae gets short-celled and densely packed. The species is somewhat similar to Enchylium expansum (Degel.) P.M. Jørg. in Jørgensen &amp; Goward (2015: 42) (Basionym: Collema tenax var. expansum Degel.), but that species differs in thallus anatomy by having a much looser medulla with more algal gelatin (polysaccharid matrix around the Nostoc colonies that swells when wet) as is typical of species of Enchylium (e.g. Otálora et al. 2014), larger apothecia (up to 3(–4) mm diam.), a more foliose thallus with larger thallus lobes (5–10 mm broad), a minutely striated upper surface of the thallus and 3-septate to submuriform ascospores (Degelius 1954). Enchylium expansum also has a different ecology, being a species growing on soil together with mosses and small phanerogams (Degelius 1954) or on mossy, calcareous rocks (Jørgensen &amp; Goward 2015), whereas S. membranacea grows only on rock, never on mosses. Jørgensen &amp; Goward (2015) recorded Enchylium expansum from Kerguelen, which would be the only known locality in the Southern Hemisphere, but this specimen (Poulsen 490, the collecting number omitted in Jørgensen &amp; Goward 2015) is a misidentification of Steinera membranacea . However, a species of Enchylium occurs in Kerguelen but its identification at the species level still need further studies.</p><p>Additional examined specimens: CROZET. Île de La Possession, juste au sud de la base Afred Faure, c. 124 m, 46°26’03”S, 51°51’35”E, dalle rocheuse, 11 December 2013, D. Ertz 18652 p.p. (BR, sub. Placopsis stellata). KERGUELEN. Péninsule Courbet, Cirque du Chateau, on plateau around upper course of Rivière de la Grande Muraille c. 1–2 km S of la Grande Cascade, 300 m, 49°17’6”S, 70°07’9”E, 15 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 175 (C); Val Studer, vallon encaissé s’ouvrant dans le versant droit de la Rivière du Sud un peu en aval du Lac Supérieur, 105 m, 49°17’27”S, 70°03’11”E, 16 November 2016, D. Ertz 20999 (BR); ibidem, Grande Cascade, c. 800 m SE of Lac Supérieur, 100 m, 49°17’5”S, 70°03’3”E, 18 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 370 (C); Mt. du Chateau, c. 1 km WSW of Les Créneaux, 450 m, 49°14’9”S, 70°06’7”E, 20 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 490 (C); près de la cabane Jacky, versant gauche de la rivière du Sud, c. 170–200 m, 49°18’54”S, 70°07’45”E, 14 January 2014, D. Ertz 18983 (BR). Presqu’Île Ronarc’h, seepage area with small stones between Le Castel and Le Pouce, 200 m, 16 March 1971, R.C. Harris 7171 (MSC). Presqu’Île Jeanne d’Arc, Canyon des Sourcils Noirs, versant gauche du canyon, 55 m, 49°40’55”S, 70°14’18”E, 31 December 2013, D. Ertz 18806 (BR); Port-Jeanne d’Arc, c. 121 m, 49°33’22”S, 69°48’39”E, 23 January 2014, D. Ertz 19060 p.p. (BR, sub Lichina); ibidem W edge of Ravin du Charbon, 100–200 m, 19 February 1971, G.C. Bratt 71/190 and 71/191 (MSC); Isthme entre la presqu’Île Jeanne d’Arc et la presqu’Île Ronarc’h, c. 8 m, 49°37’59”S, 70°08’03”E, 1 January 2014, D. Ertz 18845 (BR). La Mortadelle, SE part (at the foot) of La Mortadelle, c. 0.5 km W of Lac Ampère, c. 100 m from cabin/shelter, 150 m, 49°25’4”S, 69°10’8”E, 17 January 1999, R.S. Poulsen 585 (C); c. 250 m NW cabin/shelter, 150 m, 49°25’3”S, 69°10’6”E, 20 January 1999, R.S. Poulsen 610 (C). Île Foch, along SE side of Baie Phillips c. 2 km from W end (bottom) of the bay, 10 m, 48°57’0”S, 69°19’6”E, 19 February 1999, R.S. Poulsen 966 (C). Golfe du Morbihan, Île Guillou, 85 m, 49°28’57”S, 69°48’33”E, 9 January 2014, D. Ertz 18927 (BR).</p><p>Steinera molybdoplaca (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Zahlbr. (Fig. 8, see also Henssen &amp; James 1982, Keuck 1977 who illustrated the holotype) Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 8: 43 (1906). Basionym: Amphidium molybdoplacum [ ‘ molybdophaeum ’] Nyl. in Crombie, J. Bot. Lond.</p><p>13 (New Series vol. 4): 333 (1875); [‘ molydoplacum ’] in Crombie, J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 15: 181 (1876). Type:— KERGUELEN .</p><p>Swain’s Bay, December 1874, A.E. Eaton (Venus Transit Expedition). (lectotype BM!, isolectotypes BM, H).</p><p>Thallus subfoliose to placodioid, closely appressed to the substrate, to 6 cm diam., margin distinctly and ±regularly lobate, central parts becoming areolate ±crustose; marginal lobes broadening to 2 mm towards their ends and there occasionally notched. Upper surface smooth to roughened, sometimes coarsely scabrid, uniformly pale grey or becoming darker grey towards the centre or at the margin, sometimes with an olive tinge, not pruinose, without isidia, in some specimens with soredia at the margins of thallus lobes (sorediate morphs). Areoles derived from secondary rimose cracking between the main fissures, complete or incomplete, coarse, angular, flat to convex. Apothecia scarce, rarely abundant, discrete or sometimes 2(–4) contiguous, developed on the uppermost part of the inner areoles, up to 0.8(–1) mm diam., immersed when young, eventually more or less level with the surface of the thallus, urceolate, without constricted base at maturity; disc dull brown to reddish-brown, concave or plane at maturity; thalline margin not or slightly elevated, markedly scabrid, to c. 0.15 mm wide, concolourous with thallus. Thalline anatomy: thallus c. 210–1000 μm thick; hyphae in upper 1/2–1/3 of thallus running perpendicularly to the surface, becoming short-celled and densely packed towards upper surface; upper ±algal-free layer consists of a c. 5–40 μm thick, hyaline layer of oval, rounded or cuboidal cells 5–10 μm diam., and elongated cells 8–10 × 3–4 μm diam. that is overlaid by a necrotic layer, c. 5–10 μm thick. Photobiont Nostoc; individual photobiont cells 4–8 μm diam., heterocytes 5–7 μm diam.; hyphae c. 4–5 μm wide. Lower surface pale grey to pale brown, in the distal parts of thallus with a ±irregularly developed cortex layer c. 25 μm thick, composed of ±periclinal hyphae, c. 2–3 μm diam. in cross section of the thallus lobes. Apothecial anatomy: Excipulum -like structure hyaline, pale brownish near the surface, 30–40 μm, composed of small, ±cuboid cells, 5–7 × 5–6 μm, I+ pale orange; with a thalline margin at the outer edge containing clusters of the photobiont. Hymenium 115–245 μm high; epihymenium pale orange to pale brown, 20–30 μm; paraphyses branched-anastomosing mainly in upper parts of hymenium, 2–4 μm wide; apical cells shortened, swollen, with pale brown walls, up to 4–6 μm wide, K+ faintly darker brown. Hypothecium 125–175 μm high. Asci 100–135 × 14–23 μm, tholus including a deeper staining I+, KI+ dark blue ring structure; ascospores (4–7)–8 per ascus, (1–2–)3-septate, straight or slightly curved, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong with rounded ends, (18.5–)19–25 × 7–10(–11) μm, I–, KI–. Pycnidia not seen.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Steinera molybdoplaca is known from Crozet (this paper), Heard Island (Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen 2006, sub. ‘ Steinera glaucella ’), Kerguelen (type locality and this paper), and probably occurs also on Prince Edward Islands (Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen 2001, as S. sorediata). The species is scattered to relatively common throughout most investigated areas. Together with Steinera isidiata and S. pannarioides, it is the most frequently encountered Steinera species on Crozet and Kerguelen and in the La Mortadelle area (Kerguelen) it appears to be one of the most abundant species with Aspiciliopsis macrophthalma (Hook. f. &amp; Taylor) B. de Lesd. Steinera molybdoplaca is found in lowland to high elevation. It grows in a variety of places ranging from dry, exposed rock to periodically inundated seepage rock. Like S. membranacea, it occurs most often in perhumid environments; for example, on seepage rock, on pebbles on damp soil, on rock at lake and stream margins etc.</p><p>Notes: Steinera molybdoplaca is morphologically similar to S. lebouvieri, which differs by having a thallus with larger lobes, less appressed to the substrate, never crustose-areolate in central parts, usually having a pinkish tinge and usually with several apothecia per thallus lobe and with slightly smaller apothecia. Henssenia glaucella shares the greyish colour of the thallus but differs by having smaller thalli (up to 3.5 cm diam., but often smaller), apothecia that might become sessile and simple ascospores. Several specimens (viz. 71/181, 102, 858, 6851, 20567, 20821, 20862, 20995) have thallus lobes that are sorediate on the margins, otherwise looking like non-sorediate S. molybdoplaca although the thalli are often smaller. According to our molecular data, including identical ITS sequences (Fig. 3), these specimens are sorediate morphs of S. molybdoplaca . Steinera sorediata described from New Zealand differs by having laminal soralia, (3–)5–7-septate and much longer (45–57 μm) ascospores (Henssen &amp; James 1982). Specimens of S. sorediata (all sterile) recorded from Prince Edward Islands by Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen (2001) are probably sorediate morphs of S. molybdoplaca . Specimen Ertz 18932 has a lichenicolous fungus occuring on its thallus.</p><p>Additional examined specimens: CROZET. Île de La Possession, summit area of Mt. Branca 2 km W of Base Alfred-Faure, 350 m, 46°26’0”S, 51°50’5”E, 10 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 102 (C); entre la base de recherche Alfred Faure et le vallon du barrage, c. 120 m, 46°26’05”S, 51°51’31”E, 11 December 2013, D. Ertz 18651 (BR); sommet de la rive droite du vallon de la rivière du Camp, 200 m, 46°25’48”S, 51°51’00”E, 10 November 2016, D. Ertz 20942 (BR); près de la Pointe du Bougainville, c. 150 m, 46°26’22”S, 51°50’58”E, rocher dans le lit d’un ruisseau, 21 November 2015, D. Ertz 20567 (BR); Pic du Mascarin, c. 930 m, 46°26’19”S, 51°44’41”E, 6 December 2015, D. Ertz 20821, 20827, 20836 (BR); Mont du Mischief, près du sommet, 798 m, 46°25’03”S, 51°41’33”E, 8 December 2015, D. Ertz 20862 (BR). KERGUELEN. Péninsule Courbet, cabane Jacky, versant droit de la Rivière du Sud, grande chute d’eau dans un petit canyon, c. 90 m, 49°19’3.7”S, 70°06’44”E, 13 January 2014, D. Ertz 18972 (BR); Val Studer, vallon encaissé s’ouvrant dans le versant droit de la Rivière du Sud un peu en aval du Lac Supérieur, 105 m, 49°17’27”S, 70°03’11”E, 16 November 2016, D. Ertz 20995 (BR); ibidem, 285 m, 49°17’40”S, 70°03’15”E, 16 November 2016, D. Ertz 21002 (BR); versant droit de la Rivière du Sud, en amont du vallon du Mica, 150 m, 49°16’07.6”S, 70°03’11.1”E, 17 November 2016, D. Ertz 21017 (BR); Port aux Francais, c. 0.7 km N of base by lake, 25 m, 49°20’8”S, 70°13’5”E, 14 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 151 (C); Grande Muraille, 150 m, 49°17’0”S, 70°08’5”E, 15 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 159 p. p. (C, sub Steinera glaucella); Rivière du Chateau, c. 50 m SE of La Grande Cascade, 200 m, 49°16’9”S, 70°07’8”E, 15 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 162 (C); Mt. du Chateau, c. 0.5 km WSW of Les Créneaux, 550 m, 49°14’7”S, 70°07’1”E, 20 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 482 (C). Péninsule Rallier du Baty, Les Deux Frères, canyon at SE-most corner of the mountain, c. 200 m, 49°38’0”S, 69°00’4”E, 5 February 1999, R.S. Poulsen 858 (C). La Mortadelle, NW-most edge of Plaine Ampère, 0.3 km N of Rivière de la Diozaz, c. 1 km S of SE corner of La Mortadelle, 25 m, 49°25’8”S, 69°10’9”E, 25 January 1999, R.S. Poulsen 670 (C); c. 300 m W of Lac Ampère, c. 500 m S of cabin/shelter, 75 m, 49°25’6”S, 69°10’8”E, 29 January 1999, R.S. Poulsen 703 (C); SE part (at the foot) of La Mortadelle, c. 0.5 km W of Lac Ampère, c. 100 m S of cabin/shelter, 150 m, 49°25’4”S, 69°10’8”E, 30 January 1999, R.S. Poulsen 709 (C). Golfe du Morbihan, Île Guillou, c. 14 m, 49°28’57”S, 69°49’06”E, 8 January 2014, D. Ertz 18868 (BR); ibidem, 60 m, 49°29’08”S, 69°48’41”E, 9 January 2014, D. Ertz 18924 (BR); ibidem, 85 m, 49°28’57”S, 69°48’33”E, 9 January 2014, D. Ertz 18932 p.p. (BR, sub. unknown lichenicolous fungi); ibidem, Île Mayes, E end of the island 100–200 m from sea, 30 m, 49°28’2”S, 69°57’1”E, 17 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 262 (C). Île Foch, c. 200 m NE of summit of Mt. R. Bureau, 610 m, 48°58’5”S, 69°20’4”E, 14 February 1999, R.S. Poulsen 909 (C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D7A023FAEB4A19EFF7FFD12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D670239AEB4A11FFC4BFAC6.text	F336CC7E5D670239AEB4A11FFC4BFAC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera pannarioides Ertz & R. S. Poulsen 2017	<div><p>Steinera pannarioides Ertz &amp; R.S. Poulsen spec. nov. (Fig. 9)</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822682</p><p>Diagnosis: A species of Steinera characterized by a subfoliose to placodioid, dark-brown to grey-brown non-isidiate thallus with marginal lobes (0.5–)1–2(–3) mm wide, apothecia becoming sessile to substipitate at maturity, (1–)3-septate ascospores that are 20–25(–27) × (6–)7.5–9 μm.</p><p>Type:— KERGUELEN. Presqu’île Jeanne d’Arc, près de Port-Jeanne d’Arc, c. 20 m, 49°33’03”S, 69°48’28”E, cavité humide sur un plateau rocheux près de la mer, 25 January 2014, D. Ertz 19096 (holotype BR!, isotype PC!).</p><p>Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the Pannaria -like appearance of the species in the field due mainly to the substipitate apothecia and subfoliose thallus.</p><p>Thallus subfoliose to placodioid, rather loosely attached to the substrate, 3–5(–6) cm diam., often fusing together, central parts ±subcrustose, sometimes cracked-areolate, with areoles c. 1–2(–3) mm diam.; marginal lobes (0.5–)1– 2(–3) mm wide. Upper surface smooth in distal parts, often ±scabrid in central parts, dark-brown to grey-brown, sometimes dark brown-flecked, not pruinose, without soredia or isidia. Apothecia abundant, mostly restricted to the central areas of the thallus, discrete, 0.7–1.5(–2.0) mm diam., immersed when young, becoming sessile to substipitate at maturity; disc red-brown to almost black, plane to slightly convex at maturity; thalline margin well-developed but narrow at maturity, to 0.22 mm wide, concolourous with thallus. Thalline anatomy: thallus c. 200–300 μm thick near the margin, becoming thicker in the center up to c. 650 μm thick; hyphae in upper 1/2–1/3 of thallus running perpendicularly to surface getting short-celled and densely packed towards upper surface; upper ±algal-free layer consists of a c. 7–12 μm thick, brown layer of ±isodiametric to slightly elongated cells c. 4–8 × 4–5 μm diam. that is overlaid by a necrotic layer, 3–8 μm thick. Photobiont Nostoc; individual photobiont cells 3.5–6 μm diam., heterocytes 5–8 μm diam.; hyphae in medulla c. 2–4(–5) μm wide. Lower surface light-brown to whitish, in the foliose distal parts of thallus with a ±irregularly developed cortex layer c. 25–50 μm thick, composed of thick-walled, irregularly shaped, ±isodiametric cells, c. 5 μm diam. Apothecial anatomy: Excipulum compound, consisting of an inner proper exciple of short-celled hyphae arranged in parallel, hyaline becoming brownish near the surface, 25–50 μm thick, and an outer thalline exciple up to 200 μm thick. Hymenium 90–130(–160) μm high; epihymenium brown; paraphyses branched-anastomosing mainly in upper parts of hymenium, 2–2.5 μm wide; apical cells shortened and swollen, with brown walls, up to 5(–6) μm wide. Hypothecium 140–190 μm high. Asci 70–115 × 15–23 μm, tholus apparently including a deeper staining KI+ dark blue ring structure; ascospores (6–)8 per ascus, (1–)3-septate, straight, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong with rounded to pointed ends, 20–25(–27) × (6–)7.5–9 μm. Pycnidia globose to ellipsoid, c. 260–440 × 200–360 μm; conidiogenous cells short-celled, mainly producing conidia laterally, c. 3–5 × 3–4 μm diam.; conidia rod-shaped, 3–4 × 1–1.5 μm.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Steinera pannarioides is so far only known from Crozet and Kerguelen. It is locally common on Crozet and Kerguelen but generally scattered throughout the investigated areas. In the eastern parts of Kerguelen, it is largely restricted to alpine areas. This species is strictly saxicolous mostly occurring in habitats with relatively high humidity either near streams, on seepage rocks, or, in the western more humid parts of Kerguelen, also on exposed, dry rock.</p><p>Notes: S. pannarioides is a very distinct species that does not look like any other species of the genus. It is characterized by a combination of the following characters: thallus saxicolous, subfoliose, light- to dark-brown, producing sessile to substipitate apothecia and four-celled ascospores. The species has been distributed from MSC to other herbaria under the unpublished name S. brattii, in sched. A lichenicolous Arthonia species is present on specimens Ertz 18901, 19050 and will be described in a separate work dealing with lichenicolous fungi.</p><p>Additional examined specimens: CROZET. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.832775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.411114" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.832775/lat -46.411114)">Île de la Possession</a>, partie amont de la rivière de la <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.832775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.411114" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.832775/lat -46.411114)">Crique de la Chaloupe</a> (nord-ouest de la base Alfred Faure), le long du transit vers la Baie Américaine, c. 125 m, 46°24’40”S, 51°49’58”E, 26 November 2015, D. Ertz 20687 (BR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.744724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.438614" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.744724/lat -46.438614)">Pic du Mascarin</a>, c. 930 m, 46°26’19”S, 51°44’41”E, 6 December 2015, D. Ertz 20829 (BR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.129166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.315" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.129166/lat -49.315)">Pointe Basse</a>, rivière juste en amont de l’arbec, c. 80 m, 46°21’56”S, 51°42’40”E, 30 November 2015, D. Ertz 20710 (BR). KERGUELEN. Péninsule Courbet, cabane Jacky, versant gauche de la Rivière du Sud, c. 170 m, 49°18’54”S, 70°07’45”E, 14 January 2014, D. Ertz 18982 (BR) ; versant droit de la rivière du Sud, vallon du <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.053085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.268776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.053085/lat -49.268776)">Mica</a>, 150 m, 49°16’07.6”S, 70°03’11.1”E, 17 November 2016, D. Ertz 21013 (BR) ; entre la base de Port-aux-Français et la <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.221664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.336388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.221664/lat -49.336388)">Rivière du Château</a>, c. 40 m, 49°20’11”S, 70°13’18”E, 18 December 2015, D. Ertz 20892 (BR) ; SW corner of plateau between <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.117226&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.30083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.117226/lat -49.30083)">Rivière du Sud</a> and Rivière du Chateau, 325 m, 49°18’3”S, 70°07’2”E, 15 December 1998, R. S. Poulsen 190 (C) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.983604&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.28528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.983604/lat -49.28528)">Mt. Crozier</a>, just below and &lt;150 m from summit, 950 m, 49°17’7”S, 69°59’1”E, 18 December 1998, R. S. Poulsen 318 (C), 330 (C, H) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.235" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.13333/lat -49.235)">Mt. du Chateau</a>, c. 0.5 km NE of Les Créneaux, 640 m, 49°14’6”S, 70°08’0”E, 20 December 1998, R. S. Poulsen 469 (C) ; c. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.101944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.235832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.101944/lat -49.235832)">1 km WSW of Les Créneaux</a>, 500 m, 49°14’9”S, 70°06’7”E, 20 December 1998, R.S. Poulsen 485 (C) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.8/lat -49.55)">Col</a> between <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.8/lat -49.55)">Mt. du Milieu</a> &amp; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.8/lat -49.55)">Mt. Werth</a>, 630 m, 7 March 1971, H.A. Imshaug 48943 (C). Presqu’Île Jeanne d’Arc, Port-Jeanne d’Arc, vallon à l’ouest de la cabane, c. 40 m, 49°33’S, 69°48’E, 22 January 2014, D. Ertz 19049 (BR) ; ibidem, D. Ertz 19050 p.p. (BR, sub. Arthonia) ; ibidem, N shore of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.87806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.47361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.87806/lat -49.47361)">Lac</a> Bleu, 172 m, 25 February 1971, R. C. Harris 6810 (C). Golfe du Morbihan, Île Australia, 100 m, 49°28’25”S, 69°52’41”E, 21 December 2013, D. Ertz 18719 (BR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.168884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.417778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.168884/lat -49.417778)">Île Guillou</a>, crête rocheuse au sommet de l’île, 130 m, 49°28’34”S, 69°48’36”E, 8 January 2014, D. Ertz 18901 p.p. (BR, sub. Arthonia). Île Longue, feldmark in valley on central plateau SE of Port- Bizet, 120 m, 20 March 1971, H.A. Imshaug 49247 (MSC). La Mortadelle, SE part (at the foot) of La Mortadelle, c. 0.5 km W of Lac Ampère, c. 25 m from cabin/shelter, 150 m, 49°25’4”S, 69°10’8”E, 17 January 1999, R. S. Poulsen 565, 567 (C) ; ibidem, c. 100 m from cabin/shelter, R.S. Poulsen 570 (C); near SE foot of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.16861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.418335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.16861/lat -49.418335)">La Mortadelle</a>, c. 0.5 km W of Lac Ampère, c. 400 m SSW of cabin/shelter, 150 m, 49°25’6”S, 69°10’7”E, 21 January 1999, R. S. Poulsen 621 (C) ; ibidem, c. 300 m SW of cabin/shelter, 150 m, 49°25’5”S, 69°10’7”E, 22 January 1999, R.S. Poulsen 629 (C); c. 300 m W of Lac Ampère, c. 500 m S of cabin/shelter, 75 m, 49°25’6”S, 69°10’8”E, 29 January 1999, R. S. Poulsen 701 (C). Île Foch, c. 1 km NNE of summit of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.33445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-48.966946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.33445/lat -48.966946)">Mt.</a> R. Bureau, c. 400 m, 48°58’1”S, 69°20’4”E, 14 February 1999, R. S. Poulsen 922 (C, H) ; along SE side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.70027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.284164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.70027/lat -49.284164)">Baie Phillips</a> c. 2 km from W end (bottom) of the bay, 10 m, 48°57’0”S, 69°19’6”E, 19 February 1999, R. S. Poulsen 964 (C). Presqu’Île Bouquet de la Grye, Port Couvreux, c. 400 m SE of old farm house, 50 m, 49°17’3”S, 69°42’1”E, 28 February 1999, R. S. Poulsen 1067 (C, H) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D670239AEB4A11FFC4BFAC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D62023BAEB4A37FFC03FE92.text	F336CC7E5D62023BAEB4A37FFC03FE92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Henssenia Ertz, R. S. Poulsen & Sochting 2017	<div><p>Henssenia Ertz, R.S. Poulsen &amp; Søchting gen. nov.</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822683</p><p>Diagnosis: A genus of Koerberiaceae characterized by a subfoliose to placodioid rosette-shaped thallus up to 3.5 cm in diam., with distinct marginal lobes up to 2 mm wide, an upper ±algal-free layer consisting of a ±paraplectenchymatous layer, a scytonemoid photobiont with filaments or clusters typically arranged in vertically elongated fascicles between the fan-shaped ascending hyphae, simple, small ascospores sometimes having a plasma-bridge.</p><p>Type: Henssenia glaucella (Tuck.) Ertz, R.S. Poulsen &amp; Søchting</p><p>Etymology: The new genus is dedicated to the German lichenologist Aino Henssen (1925-2011) for her important contribution to the taxonomy of cyanolichens.</p><p>Thallus subfoliose to placodioid, closely appressed to the substrate, rosette-shaped, up to 3.5 cm diam., margin distinctly and ±regularly lobate, central parts sometimes becoming ±crustose-areolate; marginal lobes separated by deep fissures, radiating, ±flabellate, up to 1.5(–2) mm wide. Upper surface smooth or with striae in distal parts, often becoming weakly roughened in central areas, not pruinose, without isidia. Areoles derived from secondary rimose cracking between the main fissures, complete or incomplete, angular, flat to slightly convex. Lower surface smooth, usually without rhizohyphae. Prothallus not developed. Apothecia often abundant, discrete or sometimes contiguous, usually laminal and mostly restricted to the central areas of the thallus, developed on the upper surface of the thallus, up to 1 mm diam., immersed when young, eventually more or less level with the surface of the thallus or sessile; disc dull brown, reddish-brown or black, not pruinose; thalline margin visible in species having sessile ascomata, narrow, smooth, concolourous with thallus. Thalline anatomy: thallus thin; hyphae in upper 1/3–3/4 of thallus running perpendicularly to surface and densely packed, getting short-celled towards upper surface; upper ±algal-free layer (or ‘cortex’) consists of a hyaline, ±paraplectenchymatous layer, which is overlaid by a very thin, uneven, amorphous, semi-translucent necrotic layer. Photobiont a species of filamentous cyanobacteria, with cells often wider than long, lacking a thick gelatinous sheath (?), ‘scytonemoid’, mainly present in the upper half of the thallus with the exception of the thin upper ‘cortical’ layer, heterocytes paler, filaments or clusters typically arranged in vertically elongated fascicles between the fan-shaped ascending hyphae, being usually pale orange in the upper layer and greenish in deeper parts of the thallus; hyphae below the algal layer more loosely arranged, either vertically aligned as in the central areoles, or ±horizontally radiating towards the apices of the marginal lobes, generally interspersed with simple chains of algal cells; hyphae in ‘medulla’ c. 2–5 μm wide. Lower surface pale brown to whitish in distal parts, with a ±paraplectenchymatous and irregularly developed thin cortical layer, sometimes with a few short hyphae attaching the thallus to the substrate. Apothecial anatomy: Proper exciple thin or almost inconspicuous, hyaline, sometimes pale brownish near the surface, composed laterally of hyphae arranged in parallel with elongated cells, basally becoming paraplectenchymatous; thalline exciple visible in non-immersed ascomata, thin, concolourous with the thallus. Hymenium hyaline, not inspersed, I+ blue turning dark reddish brown, KI+ deep blue; epihymenium brown, I+ blue turning dark reddish brown, KI+ blue; paraphyses sparingly branched, mainly in upper part of hymenium; apical cells swollen. Hypothecium hyaline, consisting of densely short-celled hyphae above, becoming paraplectenchymatous below, I+ pale orange, KI+ pale orange with few dark blue spots. Asci narrowly clavate, usually with a ±distinct foot, with a ±well-developed tholus, with the outermost layer becoming distinctly I+ reddish, KI+ dark blue (rest of the wall I–, KI–); ascospores (4–7)–8 per ascus, simple or with a more or less median plasma-bridge but without a true transverse septum, ellipsoid or subglobose, small, up to 15 × 7 μm, without a gelatinous sheath, I– (except internal cytoplasm becoming dark orange). Pycnidia rarely present, immersed in the thallus, Umbilicaria type; conidia simple, bacilliform.</p><p>Chemistry: No lichen substances detected by TLC.</p><p>Notes: Henssenia differs from Steinera mainly by the simple ascospores sometimes having a plasma bridge and in this case the ascospores appear as being 1-septate. The genus also differs from Steinera s. str. by usually smaller thalli, a ‘scytonemoid’ photobiont, asci with a thinner upper apical wall, and a different ascomata ontogeny (cf. Henssen &amp; James 1982, p. 231, studied for ‘ Steinera ’ radiata). Henssenia might be related to Peltularia (a genus for which no sequences are available so far) because of similarities in anatomy and developmental morphology of the ascocarp (Henssen &amp; James 1982), but the type species of this genus differs notably by an umbilicate and more heteromerous thallus (e.g. Henssen &amp; James 1982, Jørgensen &amp; Galloway 1984).</p><p>The new genus Henssenia is part of the Koerberiaceae . Members of this family share as synapomorphy the presence of radiating lines caused by radiating-photobiont bundles just beneath the upper cortex separated by bundles of cyanobiont-free medullary hyphae (Spribille &amp; Muggia 2014). In Henssenia the thin striae are clearly visible on the thallus surface in H. werthii, but are less apparent in the other species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D62023BAEB4A37FFC03FE92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D630236AEB4A396FBA5FBE6.text	F336CC7E5D630236AEB4A396FBA5FBE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Henssenia glaucella (Tuck.) Ertz, R. S. Poulsen & Sochting 2017	<div><p>Henssenia glaucella (Tuck.) Ertz, R.S. Poulsen &amp; Søchting comb. nov. (Figs. 10–11)</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822684</p><p>Basionym: Pannaria glaucella Tuck., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 57 (1875). Steinera glaucella (Tuck.) C.W. Dodge, B.A.N.Z. Antarct. Res. Exped. Rep., ser. B, 7: 66 (1948). Type:—KERGUELEN. 1875, J.H. Kidder (U.S. Transit of Venus Expedition) (holotype FH!, in very poor condition).</p><p>Epitype here selected:— KERGUELEN.Val Studer, sur les hauts de la rive droite de la rivière du Sud, 334 m elev., 49°17’49”S, 70°03’09”E, 16 November 2016, Ertz 21005 (BR!).</p><p>Thallus subfoliose to placodioid, to 3(–3.5) cm diam., margin distinctly and ±regularly lobate, central parts sometimes becoming ±crustose-areolate or ±squamulose; marginal lobes broadening to 1.5(–2) mm towards their ends and there occasionally notched. Upper surface smooth, rarely slightly roughened in central areas, matt, uniformly pale grey or becoming darker grey to pale brownish towards the centre, not pruinose, without isidia.Areoles derived from secondary rimose cracking between the main fissures, complete or incomplete, angular, flat to slightly convex. Apothecia discrete or sometimes 2–5(–10) contiguous, up to 0.8(–1) mm diam., immersed when young, eventually more or less level with the surface of the thallus or sessile, sometimes with a slightly constricted base at maturity when sessile, leaving characteristic white and large depression with exposed medulla when abraded; disc dull brown to reddish-brown or black, slightly concave when immature, plane or convex at maturity; thalline margin not elevated, smooth, distinct and to c. 0.06 mm wide in sessile ascomata, concolourous with thallus. Thalline anatomy: thallus c. 220–400 μm thick; upper ±algal-free layer consists of a c. 5–20 μm thick, hyaline layer of oval or slightly cuboidal cells 7–19 × 5–8 μm diam., which is overlaid by an uneven, amorphous, semi-translucent necrotic layer, c. 1–5 μm thick. Photobiont cells 8–11 μm diam., sometimes distinctly wider than long, heterocytes c. 8–10 μm diam.; hyphae in the c. 1/4–1/3 lower part closely compacted, either vertically aligned as in the central areoles, or ±horizontally radiating towards the apices of the marginal lobes, generally interspersed with simple chains of algal cells; hyphae c. 2–4 μm wide, with cells c. 10–20 μm long. Lower surface with a ±irregularly developed cortical layer composed of ±isodiametric cells c. 3–5 μm diam in cross section of the thallus lobes. Apothecial anatomy: Excipulum compound, consisting of an inner proper exciple and an outer thalline exciple; proper exciple almost inconspicuous, laterally of 2-3 hyphae arranged in parallel, c. 10–15 μm, with cells c. 5–10 × 2–3 μm and basally paraplectenchymatous, c. 20-25 μm, with isodiametric cells c. 2–4 μm diam.; thalline exciple thin, often distinct. Hymenium 80–90 μm high; epihymenium pale brown, 10–20 μm; paraphyses 1.5–3 μm wide; apical cells swollen, up to 3–5 μm wide, embedded in a gelatinous matrix that is brownish, K–. Hypothecium 70–100 μm high, of densely short-celled hyphae above with cells up to 14 × 6 μm, becoming paraplectenchymatous with cells 3–6 μm diam. below, I+ pale orange, KI+ pale orange with few dark blue spots. Asci 60–85 × 9–13 μm; ascospores (4–7)–8 per ascus, simple or appearing 1-septate (= plasma bridge), ellipsoid, 9–10 × 5–7 μm, without a gelatinous sheath, I– (except internal cytoplasm becoming dark orange), KI–. Pycnidia observed one time (Ertz 18735), immersed in the thallus near an apothecia, pear-shaped, wall hyaline, c. 10–15 μm thick, of isodiametric cells 3–4 μm diam.; conidia bacilliform, 4–5 × 1 μm.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Henssenia glaucella is known only from Kerguelen (including type locality) and Crozet (this paper). Records from other archipelagos should be checked against Steinera molybdoplaca . The species grows on exposed basaltic rock and pebbles sometimes in relatively damp situations from low to high elevation.</p><p>Notes:</p><p>1) ‘J.P. Kidder’ is written on the label of the holotype (FH), but the correct name is ‘J.H. Kidder’.</p><p>2) Henssenia glaucella has apothecia often leaving characteristic white and large depressions with exposed medulla when abraded (Fig. 10). Steinera molybdoplaca differs by having a thallus that might reach 6 cm diam., by ±urceolate apothecia that never become sessile and by mainly 3-septate ascospores. The species is very close to Henssenia subglaucella, but that species differs notably by a smaller thallus usually having a brownish tinge. H. werthii differs by distinctly smaller and brown thallus having distinct striae on the thallus lobes and slightly longer ascospores.</p><p>3) The holotype specimen is in poor condition but clearly belongs to the genus Henssenia and not to Steinera s. str. (e.g. simple small ascospores, ascus type, etc.; Fig. 11). Because of the fragmentary nature of the holotype, doubts remain to which species of Henssenia the name glaucella should be applied. As the thallus was originally described as being “glauco-cinerascente” and the main thallus appears to be two centimeter in diameter (but it is unclear if two thalli might have been contiguous, as most of the specimen is abraded), the name is epitypified on a specimen of the species of Henssenia having a pale greyish thallus and occurring in Kerguelen, despite the fact that thalli are often larger than stated in the original description (“Specimens scarcely half an inch across”). Material described here as H. subglaucella could thus also be a possibility because of the rather small thalli, but the thalli of this species mainly have a brownish tinge.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.859444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.43389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.859444/lat -46.43389)">Examined</a> specimens: CROZET. Île de La Possession, tout près de la base Alfred Faure, c. 125 m, 46°26’02”S, 51°51’34”E, 16 November 2012, D. Ertz 17670 (BR) ; vallon du ruisseau du barrage, au sud de la base <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.859722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.438335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.859722/lat -46.438335)">Alfred Faure</a>, c. 70 m, 46°26’18”S, 51°51’35”E, sur un bloc rocheux près du ruisseau, 17 November 2012, D. Ertz 17741 (BR) ; ibidem, crête rocheuse située juste au nord de la Baie Américaine et à l’ouest du <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.79333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.378887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.79333/lat -46.378887)">Rocher Pyramidal</a>, lieu-dit ‘ Crête Alouette’, c. 230 m, 46°22’44”S, 51°47’36”E, 25 November 2015, D. Ertz 20673 (BR) ; ibidem, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.69361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.41639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.69361/lat -46.41639)">Mont du Mischief</a>, près du sommet, c. 900 m, 46°24’59”S, 51°41’37”E, 08 December 2015, D. Ertz 20865 (BR) ; ibidem, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.13472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.13472/lat -49.283333)">Mont Branca</a>, versant sud-ouest, 270 m, 46°26’23”S, 51°49’39”E, 11 November 2016, D. Ertz 20962 (BR). KERGUELEN. Péninsule Courbet, La Grande Muraille, 150 m, 49°17’0”S, 70°08’5”E, 15 December 1998, R. S. Poulsen 159 p. p. (C) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.053055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.290833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.053055/lat -49.290833)">Val Studer</a>, vallon encaissé s’ouvrant dans le versant droit de la Rivière du Sud un peu en aval du Lac Supérieur, 105 m, 49°17’27”S, 70°03’11”E, 16 Novermber 2016, D. Ertz 20997, 21000 (BR) ; ibidem, versant droit de la Rivière du Sud, 113 m, 49°17’20”S, 70°02’55”E, 16 Novermber 2016, D. Ertz 20974 (BR); ibidem, 90 m, 49°17’22”S, 70°02’59”E, 16 Novermber 2016, D. Ertz 20980, 20984 (BR). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.168884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.417778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.168884/lat -49.417778)">La Mortadelle</a>, SE part (at the foot) of La Mortadelle, c. 0.5 km W of Lac Ampère, c. 100 m from cabin/shelter, 150 m, 49°25’4”S, 69°10’8”E, 20 January 1999, R. S. Poulsen 597 (C) ; ibidem, 28 January 1999, R.S. Poulsen 677 (C, H) ; c. 0.5 km SE of summit of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.87556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.465557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.87556/lat -49.465557)">La Mortadelle</a> on upper S-exposed side of the mountain, c. 650 m, 49°24’3”S, 69°08’7”E, 31 January 1999, R. S. Poulsen 723 (C). Golfe du Morbihan, Île Australia, 123 m, 49°27’56”S, 69°52’32”E, 21 December 2013, D. Ertz 18735 (BR) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D630236AEB4A396FBA5FBE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D6E0230AEB4A64AFB6CFDDE.text	F336CC7E5D6E0230AEB4A64AFB6CFDDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Henssenia subglaucella Ertz & R. S. Poulsen 2017	<div><p>Henssenia subglaucella Ertz &amp; R.S. Poulsen spec. nov. (Fig. 12)</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822685</p><p>Diagnosis: A species of Henssenia characterized by a placodioid thallus, 0.4–1.2(–1.6) cm diam., with marginal lobes 0.4–0.8(–1) mm wide and ascospores that are (7–)9–12 × 4–6 μm.</p><p>Type:—CROZET. Île de La Possession, Mont Branca, versant sud-est, c. 300 m, 46°26’18”S, 51°50’08”E, fell-field, sur un petit rocher, 21 November 2015, D. Ertz 20556 (holotype BR!).</p><p>Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the morphological similarity with H. glaucella .</p><p>Thallus placodioid, 0.4–1.2(–1.6) cm diam., margin distinctly and ±regularly lobate, central parts crustose-areolate; marginal lobes 0.4–0.8(–1) mm wide; areoles of central parts flat, c. 0.2–0.8(–1) mm diam. Upper surface smooth in distal parts, rarely slightly roughened in central parts, pale brown with a pale greyish margin, not pruinose, without soredia or isidia. Apothecia discrete or sometimes 2 contiguous, up to 0.6 mm diam., immersed when young, bursting through the cortex, remaining immersed or becoming sessile, usually not, or only slightly, constricted at the base at maturity; disc dark brown or reddish-brown to almost black, plane to slightly convex at maturity; thalline margin narrow at maturity, up to 0.1 mm wide, concolourous with thallus. Thalline anatomy: thallus c. 90–130 μm thick; upper ±algal-free layer consists of a c. 10–30 μm thick, hyaline layer of ±isodiametric (4–8 μm diam.) or slightly elongated (5–17 × 2–7 μm diam.) cells; necrotic layer on the surface inconspicuous or c. 2 μm thick. Photobiont cells 5–9 × 7–11 μm, often slightly wider than long, heterocytes c. 5–7 × 10–11 μm diam.; hyphae below algal layer more loosely arranged, mainly ±horizontally aligned; hyphae in medulla c. 3–5 μm wide. Lower surface with a ±irregularly developed cortical layer c. 5–10 μm thick, composed of thick-walled, ±isodiametric cells, 2–3 μm diam. Apothecial anatomy: Proper exciple laterally 40–80 μm, with elongated cells c. 4–10 × 3–4 μm becoming isodiametric, thick-walled, c. 4–8 μm diam. near the surface, basally indistinguishable from the hypothecium. Hymenium 60–125 μm high; epihymenium brown, c. 5–10 μm; paraphyses 2.5–3 μm wide; apical cells swollen, with brown walls, up to 4–5 μm wide. Hypothecium inversely cone-shaped, extending down to substratum, very thick, 125–175 μm high, consisting of densely short-celled hyphae above, becoming paraplectenchymatous with cells 3–5(–6) μm diam. below. Asci 63–75 × 10–12 μm; ascospores 8 per ascus, simple or 1-septate (plasma-bridge), ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid with rounded ends, (7–)9–12 × 4–6 μm. Pycnidia not seen.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Henssenia subglaucella is known from Crozet and Kerguelen. The investigated collections of this species are found on exposed rocks from low to high elevations. It is easily overlooked due to its small size.</p><p>Notes: The species is phylogenetically and microscopically very close to H. glaucella but differs mainly by the smaller size of the thallus having always a brownish tinge. Specimens 92, 446b, 460, 20817 have a lichenicolous fungi (tiny black perithecia) restricted to the hymenial disc and appearing to be specific and frequent on H. subglaucella .</p><p>Additional examined specimens: CROZET. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.85/lat -46.433334)">Île de La Possession</a>, between Mt. Branca and Base Alfred-Faure, c. 250 m, 46°26’0”S, 51°51’0”E, 10 December 1998, R. S. Poulsen 92 (C) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=51.78&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-46.43528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 51.78/lat -46.43528)">Arête des Djinns</a>, c. 700–900 m, 46°26’07”S, 51°46’48”E, 6 December 2015, D. Ertz 20817 (BR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.235" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.13333/lat -49.235)">Mont du Mischief</a>, tout près du sommet, c. 910 m, 46°24’59”S, 51°41’37”E, 08 December 2015, D. Ertz 20866 (BR). KERGUELEN. Péninsule Courbet, Mt. du Chateau, c. 0.5 km NE of Les Créneaux, 640 m, 49°14’6”S, 70°08’0”E, 20 December 1998, R. S. Poulsen 446b, 460 (C) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D6E0230AEB4A64AFB6CFDDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D680232AEB4A042FF7FFF22.text	F336CC7E5D680232AEB4A042FF7FFF22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Henssenia werthii (Ertz, R. S. Poulsen & Sochting. An 2017) Ertz, R. S. Poulsen & Sochting. An 2017	<div><p>Henssenia werthii (Zahlbr.) Ertz, R.S. Poulsen &amp; Søchting comb. nov. (Fig. 13)</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822686</p><p>Basionym: Steinera werthii Zahlbr., Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 8: 43 (1906). Type:— KERGUELEN. ‘An Steinen im Rundhöckerterrain am Stationssee (WERTH)’ - no original material was traced in B, H, M, W and WU.</p><p>Neotype here selected:— KERGUELEN, versant droit de la vallée de la Rivière du Sud, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.053085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.268776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.053085/lat -49.268776)">Ravin du Mica</a>, 150 m, 49°16’07.6”S, 70°03’11.1”E, 17 November 2016, D. Ertz 21009 (BR!).</p><p>Description from our material (but see also description in Zahlbruckner 1906): Thallus placodioid, 0.5–1 cm diam., but sometimes contiguous and covering areas of 2–3 cm diam., margin distinctly and ±regularly lobate, central parts crustose-areolate; marginal lobes 0.2–0.8(–1) mm wide; areoles of central parts flat, c. 0.2–1 mm diam. Upper surface smooth in distal parts, slightly roughened in central parts, pale olivaceous brown, longitudinally ±white striped near the margin and white-flecked in central parts, not pruinose, without soredia or isidia. Apothecia discrete or sometimes 2–4 contiguous, up to 0.7(–1) mm diam., immersed when young, bursting through the cortex, remaining immersed with hymenial disc level with the thallus, sometimes half-immersed or rarely superficial and then with a narrow thalline margin; disc dark brown or reddish-brown to almost black, sometimes pale brown, plane to slightly convex at maturity. Thalline anatomy: thallus lobes c. 100–180 μm thick, becoming thicker in the center up to c. 450 μm; upper ±algal-free layer consists of a c. 10–20 μm thick, hyaline layer of ±isodiametric cells, (2–)3–9 μm diam.; hyaline necrotic layer on the upper surface c. 1–4 μm thick. Photobiont cells 6–11 μm diam., or often slightly wider than long c. 3–10 × 7–16 μm, heterocytes of similar size; hyphae below algal layer more loosely arranged, mainly ±horizontally aligned; hyphae in medulla c. 2–5 μm wide. Lower surface with a poorly differentiated cortical layer. Apothecial anatomy: Proper exciple laterally of hyphae arranged in parallel, 15–20 μm, with elongated cells of c. 3–8 × 2–3(–5) μm becoming isodiametric, thick-walled, c. 3–5 μm diam. near the surface; basally indistinguishable from the hypothecium. Hymenium 80–125 μm high; epihymenium dark brown (gelatinous matrix; paraphyses tips difficult to separate), c. 10–15 μm; paraphyses 2.5–4(–5) μm wide; apical cells slightly swollen, 4–6 μm wide, K–. Hypothecium inversely cone-shaped, extending down to the substratum, very thick, 70–125 μm high, consisting of densely short-celled hyphae above, becoming paraplectenchymatous with cells 2–5 μm diam. below. Asci 50–65 × 10–11 μm; ascospores 8 per ascus, simple, with a thin and more or less median plasma-bridge, but without a true transverse septum, straight, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid with rounded ends, 10–14(–15) × 4–5(–5.5) μm, without a distinct gelatinous sheath, KI–. Pycnidia not seen.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: This species is only known from Crozet (this paper) and Kerguelen. Dodge &amp; Rudolph (1955, p. 132) recorded the species from Heard Island, but this is likely to be a confusion with another species of Henssenia . The species is found mainly in lowland areas, in exposed situations on basaltic rock. It is easily overlooked due to its small size.</p><p>Notes: Henssen &amp; James (1982) did not treat this species because no original material could be located. This still holds true, and it is believed that the material was destroyed in Berlin in 1943. During our fieldwork in Kerguelen, we have found material of a Steinera species that corresponds in many important characters (e.g. small size ‘usque 10 mm. latas) to the illustrations and description in Zahlbruckner (1906). Despite some differences that could be erroneous in Zahlbruckner (1906) (e.g. the thallus is shown to be subsquamulose in the center, not areolate, the spore are said to be 8–10 × 5–7 μm; the striation on the thallus lobes might have been overlooked), a neotype is therefore chosen and the name reintroduced. H. subglaucella is close to H. werthii but differs by slightly larger, not white-flecked thalli, apothecia that become slightly sessile, and slightly shorter ascospores.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.11222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.31769" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.11222/lat -49.31769)">Examined</a> specimens: CROZET. Île de La Possession, Pic du Mascarin, c. 930 m, 46°26’19”S, 51°44’41”E, 6 December 2015, D. Ertz 20833 (BR). KERGUELEN. Peninsule Courbet, cabane Jacky, versant droit de la Rivière du Sud, grande chute d’eau dans un petit canyon, c. 90 m, 49°19’3.7”S, 70°06’44”E, 13 January 2014, D. Ertz 18977 (BR) ; ibidem, versant droit de la rivière du <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.07794&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.296528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.07794/lat -49.296528)">Sud</a>, dans un petit vallon, c. 83 m, 49°17’47.5”S, 70°04’40.6”E, 17 November 2016, D. Ertz 21027 (BR) ; ibidem, entre la base de Port-aux-Français et la Rivière du Château, c. 40 m, 49°20’11”S, 70°13’18”E, 18 December 2015, D. Ertz 20893 (BR). ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.16861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.418335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.16861/lat -49.418335)">Val Studer’</a>, Canyon Mica, 49°16.7’S, 70°03.0’E, 19 December 1998, U. SØchting 9488 (C). Golfe du Morbihan, Île Guillou, 85 m, 49°28’57”S, 69°48’33”E, 9 January 2014, D. Ertz 18930 (BR). La Mortadelle, near SE foot of La Mortadelle, c. 0.5 km W of Lac Ampère, c. 400 m SSW of cabin/shelter, 150 m, 49°25’6”S, 69°10’7”E, 21 January 1999, R. S. Poulsen 620 (C) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.33445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-48.968056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.33445/lat -48.968056)">Île Foch</a>, c. 200 m NE of summit of Mt. R. Bureau, 610 m, 48°58’5”S, 69°20’4”E, 14 February 1999, R. S. Poulsen 917 (C) ; along SE side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=69.31833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-48.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 69.31833/lat -48.95)">Baie Phillips</a> c. 2 km from W end (bottom) of the bay, 10 m, 48°57’0”S, 69°19’6”E, 19 February 1999, R. S. Poulsen 961 (C) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D680232AEB4A042FF7FFF22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D6A0232AEB4A098FAABFA38.text	F336CC7E5D6A0232AEB4A098FAABFA38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctomia insigna (P. M. Jorg. & Tonsberg) Ertz 2017	<div><p>Arctomia insigna (P.M. Jørg. &amp; Tønsberg) Ertz comb. nov.</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822687</p><p>Basionym: Leptogium insigne P.M. Jørg. &amp; Tønsberg, Bibliotheca Lichenologica 104: 242 (2010). Type:— USA. Washington, Lane Co., near mouth of Gwynn Creek on Pacific Ocean, 44°17’N, 124°06’W, 10 m, on leaning Alnus trunk in forest, 23 February 1996, B. McCune 23460 (holotype OSC, isotype BG, not seen).</p><p>Synonym: Arctomia borbonica Magain &amp; Sérus., MycoKeys 4: 16 (2012). Type:— REUNION. Forêt de Bébour, track starting at Gîte de Bélouve toward Piton des Neiges, 21°4’49”S, 55°31’24”E, 1850 m, 9 November 2009, N. Magain &amp; E. Sérusiaux sn (holotype LG, not seen).</p><p>Notes: A nuLSU sequence of the type specimen of Leptogium insigne P.M. Jørg. &amp; Tønsberg (2010: 242) (EU166329: USA, Oregon, McCune 23460) deposited on GenBank in 2007 and apparently unpublished, was found to be nearly identical (four nucleotides different, less than between the two nuLSU of A. borbonica from Reunion that have 7 different nucleotides) to the two nuLSU sequences of Arctomia borbonica published by Magain &amp; Sérusiaux (2012). This supports the conclusions of Jørgensen &amp; Palice (2016) who found A. borbonica to be a synonym of Leptogium insigne based on morphological studies. These authors did not change the generic placement of L. insigne arguing that further studies are necessary to establish the generic structure in the Arctomiaceae . They suggested that a separate genus might be established for it, mainly because of the different thallus anatomy compared to the type of Arctomia . However, according to our phylogeny (Fig. 2), further generic splitting of Arctomia does not seem appropriate. Leptogium insigne is nested in the genus Arctomia as currently circumscribed making a new combination in Arctomia reasonable, especially as the type species of Leptogium ( L. azureum (Sw.) Mont.) belongs to the Collemataceae (Otálora et al. 2014) . According to Otálora et al. (2014:285), the generic name Gabura Adans. is a threat to the younger name Arctomia Th. Fr. In order to avoid the synonymisation of the well-known genus Arctomia, currently the type of the family Arctomiaceae and the order Arctomiales, Arctomia should preferably be conserved against Gabura .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D6A0232AEB4A098FAABFA38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D6A0232AEB4A7F8FA1CF8F4.text	F336CC7E5D6A0232AEB4A7F8FA1CF8F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Henssenia radiata (P. James & Henssen) Ertz 2017	<div><p>Henssenia radiata (P. James &amp; Henssen) Ertz comb. nov.</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822689</p><p>Basionym: Steinera radiata P. James &amp; Henssen, in Henssen &amp; James, Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History, Botany series 10: 252 (1982). Type:— NEW ZEALAND. South Island, Fiordland Botanical District, Mount Barber, boulders in a brook in the subalpine scrub belt above Deep Cove, 3 March 1927, G. Einar &amp; Greta Du Rietz 2063: 1 (holotype BM!, isotypes CHR, MB, UPS (Du Rietz), not seen).</p><p>Notes: This species is a typical member of the new genus Henssenia justifying a new combination into that genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D6A0232AEB4A7F8FA1CF8F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D6A0233AEB4A534FB57FC0A.text	F336CC7E5D6A0233AEB4A534FB57FC0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera intricata (Ovstedal) Ertz 2017	<div><p>Steinera intricata (Øvstedal) Ertz comb. nov.</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822690</p><p>Basionym: Massalongia intricata Øvstedal, in Øvstedal &amp; Lewis Smith, Lichens of Antarctica and South Georgia, A guide to their identification and ecology (Studies in Polar Research - Cambridge University Press): 246 (2001). Type:— ANTARCTICA. Antarctic Peninsula, Charcot Island, central north-facing slope, on moist moss ( Pohlia nutans) and soil, 85 m, 22 December 1997, R.I. Lewis Smith 10530 (holotype AAS!).</p><p>Notes: This Antarctic endemic has a thallus composed of ascending, terete, ramified, brown lobes, with small, emarginated, convex, dark brown apothecia and with 3–4-septate ascospores (see Øvstedal &amp; Lewis Smith 2001 for detailed description). The species is therefore somewhat reminiscent of Steinera isidiata . Sequences obtained by direct PCR from the thallus of the holotype specimen of Massalongia intricata place the species within the Steinera lineage (Fig. 2–3) justifying a new combination in Steinera . The holotype specimen is very reduced, with only one tiny apothecium visible on the specimen and therefore not examined by us. Therefore, it was not possible to verify if the ascospores were correctly described. The relationship of S. intricata with other non-sequenced and isidiate Steinera species having a brown thallus (e.g. S. olechiana) needs further investigation. We sequenced the two specimens of ‘ Massalongia intricata ’ (all sterile) recorded from Livingston Island in Søchting et al. (2004) and found them to be the recently described Austrella isidioidea P.M. Jørg. &amp; Fryday in Fryday et al. (2017), a species of Pannariaceae .</p><p>‘ Steinera ’ neozelandica C.W. Dodge</p><p>Nova Hedwigia 19: 461 (1971).</p><p>Synonym: Parmeliella neozelandica (C.W. Dodge) D.J. Galloway &amp; P. James, Lichenologist 16(1): 90 (1984).</p><p>Synonym: Degelia neozelandica (C.W. Dodge) P.M. Jørg. &amp; D.J. Galloway, Flora Australia 54: 314 (1992).</p><p>Type:— NEW ZEALAND. South Island, Canterbury, Woolshed Hill, February 1958, L. Visch 78 (lectotype CANU, isolectotype BM, not seen).</p><p>Description: Galloway &amp; James (1984), Jørgensen &amp; Galloway (1992).</p><p>Notes: the species was excluded from Steinera in the revision of the genus by Henssen &amp; James (1982, p. 228), referring it instead to ‘... the Pannaria - Parmeliella -complex’ and was subsequently combined into the genera Parmeliella (Galloway &amp; James 1984; based on fertile specimens, whereas Dodge’s type in CANU is sterile) and Degelia (Jørgensen &amp; Galloway 1992) . However, its systematic position is still unclear in the absence of molecular data and further studies might prove it to belong to Henssenia or related genera in Koerberiaceae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D6A0233AEB4A534FB57FC0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D6B0233AEB4A62EFE58FA7E.text	F336CC7E5D6B0233AEB4A62EFE58FA7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera nigra C. W. Dodge 1948	<div><p>Steinera nigra C.W. Dodge</p><p>B.A. N.Z. Antarct. Res. Exped. Rep., ser. B, 7: 67 (1948). Type:— KERGUELEN. Long Island, 49°30’S, 69°50’E, February 1930, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B953-1 (holotype FH!).</p><p>Description: Dodge (1948).</p><p>Notes: the type specimen (FH) is very reduced and composed of only two tiny, sterile thallus lobes of c. 2 mm in diam, growing on plant detritus together with a species of cf. Lepraria (“growing on dead Acaena between Parmelia kerguelensis ?” according to the protologue in Dodge 1948). As a consequence, it can hardly be referred to any recent material of cyanolichen. Henssen &amp; James (1982, p. 228) did not treat this species because the type material was not available for study by them.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D6B0233AEB4A62EFE58FA7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D6B0233AEB4A7A2FADEF916.text	F336CC7E5D6B0233AEB4A7A2FADEF916.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera olechiana (Alstrup & Sochting) Ertz & Sochting 2017	<div><p>Steinera olechiana (Alstrup &amp; Søchting) Ertz &amp; Søchting comb. nov.</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822691</p><p>Basionym: Massalongia olechiana Alstrup &amp; Søchting, Polish Polar Research 32: 118 (2011). Type:—SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS. King George Island, Admiralty Bay, Bransfield Strait, Red Hill, 100 m, M. Olech 4862 (holotype KRA, not seen).</p><p>Notes: Despite the absence of molecular data, the species fits well with the genus Steinera as newly circumscribed and it is therefore combined into this genus. Unfortunately, the type specimen was not available for our study. It should be sequenced to investigate its relationship with other species, in particular S. subantarctica that might be a non-isidiate counterpart and S. intricata, another isidiate species with a brown thallus (see also notes under that species).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D6B0233AEB4A7A2FADEF916	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D6B020CAEB4A51AFB1EFE02.text	F336CC7E5D6B020CAEB4A51AFB1EFE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera subantarctica (Ovstedal 2017) Ertz 2017	<div><p>Steinera subantarctica (Øvstedal) Ertz comb. nov.</p><p>MycoBank: MB 822692 Basionym: Arctomia subantarctica Øvstedal, in Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen, South African Journal of Botany 67: 554 (2001). Type:—PRINCE</p><p>EDWARD ISLANDS. Prince Edward Island, N slope of Kent Crater, 250 m, on cushions of Grimmia and Andreaea on boulders, 15</p><p>May 1994, N.J.M. Gremmen 94-245 (holotype BG!).</p><p>Notes:</p><p>1. The species originally described in the genus Arctomia is nested in the Steinera clade of our phylogenetic trees (Figs. 2–3). Therefore, the species is combined into Steinera .</p><p>2. The species was described from the subantarctic island of Prince Edward, has also been recorded from South America (http://timwheelerphotography.com; Tim Wheeler 2483), and is also present in the Falkland Islands (A. Fryday pers. comm.). It seems to be absent from Crozet and Kerguelen.</p><p>3. In the original description (Øvstedal &amp; Gremmen 2001), the figure of Arctomia subantarctica (fig. 2) is identical to figure 8 of the same publication and erroneously represents Verrucaria species.</p><p>Additional examined specimen: PRINCE EDWARD ISLANDS. N-rim of Kent Crater, 250 m, on Racomitrium crispulum moss cushions on rock, exposed, 15 May 1994, N.J.M. Gremmen 94-235b (BG).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D6B020CAEB4A51AFB1EFE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
F336CC7E5D54020CAEB4A026FABDFBE6.text	F336CC7E5D54020CAEB4A026FABDFBE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steinera symptychia (Tuck.) T. Sprib. & Muggia	<div><p>‘Steinera’ symptychia (Tuck.) T. Sprib. &amp; Muggia,</p><p>Fungal Diversity 58: 182 (2013). Basionym: Pannaria symptychia Tuck., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 12: 168 (1877). Degelia symptychia (Tuck.) P.M. Jørg., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 88: 233 (2004). Type:— CHILE. Juan Fernández, T. Hill (Hassler Exp. 1876; holotype FH, seen by Jørgensen 2004).</p><p>Notes: ‘ Steinera’ symptychia belongs to the Koerberiaceae but is phylogenetically distinct from all other genera in the family (Fig. 2). The species, known from the southern South America and New Zealand (Jørgensen 2004, Fryday 2007), is morphologically similar to Henssenia but differs by a large foliose thallus and by large apothecia that are sessile with a thick, raised proper margin and by an I+ deep blue hymenium (Jørgensen &amp; James 1990, as Degelia fluviatilis). Spribille &amp; Muggia (2013) found that Degelia symptychia was phylogenetically related to Steinera and subsequently combined the species into that genus. However, as shown here, Steinera belongs to the Arctomiaceae and in our phylogeny the species is recovered as being probably better placed in its own genus, but further data are needed to confirm this. Degelia subcincinnata (Nyl.) P.M. Jørg. is likely closely related to ‘ Steinera ’ symptychia according to Jørgensen (2004) and Spribille &amp; Muggia (2013), but molecular data are needed to verify this hypothesis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F336CC7E5D54020CAEB4A026FABDFBE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Poulsen, Roar S.;Charrier, Maryvonne;Søchting, Ulrik	Ertz, Damien, Poulsen, Roar S., Charrier, Maryvonne, Søchting, Ulrik (2017): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 201-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.1
