taxonID	type	description	language	source
F20487E3FFCA2133F5FFF968FE883814.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Colatooecia Winston, 2005; type species Porina serrulata Smitt, 1873, by original designation.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFCA2133F5FFF968FE883814.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (revised). Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar or erect and bilaminar. Frontal shield perforated by pseudopores, thickening as zooids and colonies age. Spiramen may be present, conspicuous in developing zooids, joining with the peristome and immersed in frontal shield in completely calcified zooids. Primary orifice transversely D-shaped to rounded, secondary orifice level with frontal-shield surface, with or without tubercles. Condyles present or absent. Spines absent. Interzooidal and adventitious avicularia sometimes present. Ooecium not closed by operculum, recumbent on distal zooid, soon becoming embedded in its secondary calcification; entooecium largely calcified, with membranous frontal area; ectooecium smooth, calcified, with single membranous area or with longitudinal band of pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFCA2133F5FFF968FE883814.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The family was erected to accommodate Colatooecia Winston, 2005, but Vieira et al. (2010 a) also included Trematooecia and Cigclisula owing to characteristics of the frontal shield and ooecia. Both genera were previously placed in different families such as Stomatochetosellidae Canu & Bassler, 1917 (Canu & Bassler 1927; Harmer 1957; Hayward & Ryland 1995) and Hippoporidridae Vigneaux, 1949 (Tilbrook 2006; Ayari et al. 2008), from which both differ mostly in features of the ooecium (for additional information see Vieira et al. 2010 a). Genus Colatooecia Winston, 2005	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFCA2133F5FFF968FE883814.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Porina serrulata Smitt, 1873, by original designation.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFCA2133F5FFF968FE883814.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony rigid, erect and branching. Frontal wall evenly perforated by large pseudopores, frontal surface thickening with increasing calcification. Spiramen conspicuous in young zooids, joining with peristome and immersed in frontal wall with increasing calcification and in completely calcified zooids. Primary orifice oval, becoming obscured by the secondary orifice. Adventitious avicularia with complete crossbars. Ooecium embedded in frontal surface, ectooecium with central membranous area (looks like a fenestra when cuticular parts are removed); entooecium bridged by a sieve of delicate costae which interdigitate at the mid-point of the ooecium.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFCB2133F5FFFC3CFAAD3C8A.taxon	description	(Fig. 2, Table 1)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFCB2133F5FFFC3CFAAD3C8A.taxon	discussion	Spiroporina? serrulata: Cheetham & Sandberg 1964: 1027, text-figs 26 – 27. [Gulf of Mexico]	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFCB2133F5FFFC3CFAAD3C8A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 7476, Cigclisula serrulata, F. Canu & R. S. Bassler det., 1928 a, Fowey Light, 15 miles (24.1 km) South of Miami, Florida.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFCB2133F5FFFC3CFAAD3C8A.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bilaminar, branching. Zooids hexagonal at growing edge, becoming irregular with development, longer than wide, limited by slightly raised walls. Frontal shield heavily calcified, with 22 – 36 regularly spaced pseudopores. Primary orifice small relative to frontal shield, almost rounded, wider than long, lacking condyles. Secondary orifice subcircular, with smooth peristome that becomes embedded in frontal surface with colony development. Often 1, rarely 2, rounded adventitious avicularia placed at zooidal margins near primary orifice and sometimes at proximal border of ectooecium. Frontal avicularia with large rostrum, rectangular, longer than wide, with rounded proximal and straight distal edge; calcified palate occupies half rostral length; opesia trifoliate proximally, quadrangular distally. Interzooidal avicularia placed at margins of colony, as long as zooids, rostrum straight, spatulate, longer than wide, proximal edge rounded and distal edge deep, concave; calcified palate occupies more than half rostral length, its foramen somewhat trifoliate owing to a ligula; avicularian opesia smaller, quadrangular. Ooecium immersed; ectooecium with central membranous area; entooecium bridged by sieve of delicate costae that interdigitate at mid-point of ooecium.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFCB2133F5FFFC3CFAAD3C8A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Colatooecia is monotypic. The type species Colatooecia serrulata was previously included in Porina (Smitt 1873), Cigclisula (Canu & Bassler 1928) and, doubtfully, Spiroporina (Cheetham & Sandberg 1964) (see Winston 2005). Cheetham & Sandberg (1964) pointed out that the species could not be placed easily in any known genus; Winston (2005) introduced Colatooecia for it based on the appearance of the frontal calcification and the distinctive costate ooecium. The combination of a spiramen, thick porous frontal calcification, ectooecium with an elongate membranous area, two rows of tiny entooecial costae and rectangular frontal avicularia with distal trifoliate and proximal quadrate openings in C. serrulata is unique in the family.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFCB2133F5FFFC3CFAAD3C8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northwestern Atlantic: Cape Hatteras to Florida and Gulf of Mexico (Winston 2005).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC9213EF5FFF8A9FE3C3F76.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Escharoides occlusa Busk, 1884, by original designation.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC9213EF5FFF8A9FE3C3F76.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (revised). Colony encrusting, uni to multilaminar, or erect and bilaminar. Autozooids oblong to hexagonal, heavily calcified. Frontal shield with frontal pseudopores and marginal areolar pores. Primary orifice transversely D-shaped, hoof-shaped or subelliptical. Secondary orifice formed by raised and rounded tubercles that often obscure the primary orifice. Suboral avicularium often present, seated low near the primary orifice. Interzooidal and frontal avicularia with complete crossbars. Ooecium not closed by operculum, coarse surface calcification, ectooecium with longitudinal band of pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC9213EF5FFF8A9FE3C3F76.taxon	discussion	Remarks. When Canu & Bassler (1927) erected Cigclisula, they stated that “ the ovicell is hyperstomial, opening in the peristome, never closed by the operculum, with the frontal perforated by very large pores ”. Nevertheless, species in which the ectooecium has a frontal circular or slit-like membranous area, typical of Trematooecia (see remarks under Trematooecia), have frequently been attributed to Cigclisula. Cigclisula and Trematooecia share morphological characters that can lead to cross-identification: colonies can be encrusting and multilaminar with globose zooids or erect and bilaminar; marginal and frontal pseudopores are common; the primary orifice may or may not have condyles; the secondary orifice is frequently surrounded by tubercles; suboral and interzooidal avicularia can be present. Because of these overlapping characters Harmer (1957), Maturo (1968) and Banta & Carson (1977) included in Cigclisula species that have been attributed to Trematooecia. The type species of these genera are, respectively, Escharoides occlusa Busk, 1884 and Holoporella aviculifera Canu & Bassler, 1923 (misidentified as Trematooecia turrita by Osburn, 1940). Our analysis of the type species has determined that their ooecia are morphologically distinct. Whereas Cigclisula occlusa has an ectooecium with a longitudinal band of irregular pseudopores, Trematooecia aviculifera has an ectooecium with a circular membranous window. On this basis, at least, it seems appropriate to maintain both genera. Accordingly, at least two species previously assigned to Trematooecia are reassigned to Cigclisula, viz Cigclisula turrita (Smitt, 1873) and Cigclisula psammophila (Winston & Håkansson, 1986) n. comb. Porella rogickae Soule, 1961 was assigned to Cigclisula by Bock (2014), following Banta & Carson (1977), who considered it related to Trematooecia aviculifera (as Cigclisula). Soule’s treatment may be correct, however, as P. rogickae has a primary orifice with a transversely narrow lyrula and imperforate ooecium, typical of Porella Gray, 1848 and different from Cigclisula, which has a semicircular to elliptical primary orifice and ooecium perforated by irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC6213AF5FFFBE0FD0F3AB6.taxon	description	(Figs 3 – 5, Table 1)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC6213AF5FFFBE0FD0F3AB6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype: NHMUK 1944.1. 8.284 [dry specimens; figured by Busk 1884, pl. 21, fig. 8 (part)], Escharoides occlusa, G. Busk coll., Challenger Expedition, Samboanga, Philippines, 10 ftm (18.29 m). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1887.12. 9.588 [two dried specimens; figured by Busk, pl. 21, fig. 8]; NHMUK 1887.12. 9.594 [large dry colony]; NHMUK 1899.7. 1.2138 [balsam slide]; NHMUK 1899.7. 1.2138 [balsam slide]; NHMUK 1899.7. 1.2141 [balsam slide]; NHMUK 1887.12. 9.589 [balsam slide], Escharoides occlusa, G. Busk coll., Challenger Expedition, Samboanga, Philippines, 10 fths (18.29 m). NHMUK 1887.12. 9.590 [dry slide]; NHMUK 1887.12. 9.592 [dry]; NHMUK 1887.12. 9.592 part [dry slide]; Escharoides occlusa, G. Busk coll., Challenger Expedition, Stn 148, off Possession Island, 24 ° 47 ’ S, 51 ° 37 ’ E, South Indian Ocean, 210 ftm (384 m). Additional specimens: USNM 8039, Cigclisula occlusa (Busk), Canu & Bassler 1929, Albatross Stn D 5158, Tinakta Island, Tawi Group, Philippines, 22 m. USNM 8037, Cigclisula occlusa (Busk), Albatross Stn D 5137, Jolo Light, Jolo Island, Philippines, 36.6 m.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC6213AF5FFFBE0FD0F3AB6.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bilaminar, branching. Zooids hexagonal, longer than wide, limited by slightly raised lateral walls. Frontal shield heavily calcified, smooth-textured, uniformly punctured by 24 – 40 pseudopores. Primary orifice small relative to frontal shield, somewhat hoof-shaped, as long as wide, sunken, with arcuate anter and concave poster delimited by 2 down-curved condyles at about one-third orifice length. Secondary orifice raised, non-tubercular, almost circular. Suboral avicularium elliptical, laterally placed and distally directed, of 2 sizes, 1 small (0.055 – 0.121 mm long), the other double-sized, commonly on zooids in the center of branches. Frontal avicularia small, rare, elliptical, 1 – 2 per zooid, placed at zooidal margins, sometimes around ooecial margin. Interzooidal avicularia longer than wide, with broadly spatulate mandible; rostrum with rounded proximal edge, median constriction distinct and distal edge concave; calcified palate occupying more than half rostral length, with acutely triangular foramen. Ooecium subglobose, not very prominent, becoming immersed in secondary cacification; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 11 – 29 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC6213AF5FFFBE0FD0F3AB6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Waters (1913) suggested that a new genus was needed to accommodate Escharoides occlusa Busk, 1884 owing the morphology of ooecia and avicularia, but did not name one. Subsequently, Canu & Bassler (1927) designated it as the type species of Cigclisula, characterized by the non-cleithral ooecium with a grating-like surface (longitudinal band of pseudopores). Whereas the grating-like surface of Colatooecia is an entooecium covered by a membranous ectooecial area, in Cigclisula it is a pseudoporous ectooecium. Busk (1884) described Escharoides occlusa using specimens from Zamboanga (Philippines), Possession Island (South Indian Ocean) and Cape York (Australia). Examination of these specimens has revealed differences among colonies from these localities, leading to the recognition of two new species from Australia. Specimens from the Philippines have a smooth frontal shield and ooecia whereas specimens from Australia have a minutely tubercular frontal shield and ooecia (Cigclisula australis n. sp.), with small protuberances in Cigclisula buski n. sp. Cigclisula occlusa, C. australis n. sp. and C. buski n. sp. have two sizes of interzooidal avicularia that differ in the shape of the opesia — acutely triangular in C. occlusa; both triangular (larger interzooidal avicularia) and oval (smaller interzooidal avicularia) in C. australis n. sp.; oval in C. buski n. sp. The ectooecium in C. occlusa has 11 – 29 pseudopores; that in C. australis n. sp. is less porous, with 7 – 18 pseudopores; in C. buski n. sp. there are 38 – 50 pseudopores. Additionally, zooids, frontal pseudopores and suboral avicularia are larger in C. occlusa than in C. australis n. sp. and C. buski n. sp. (see remarks under C. australis n. sp. and C. buski n. sp.). It is not possible to recognize diagnostic characters in the original Busk (1884) illustrations and the provenance of the illustrated specimens is unknown, therefore we cannot say if they truly belong to C. occlusa, C. australis n. sp. or C. buski n. sp. Over time, many specimens assigned to C. occlusa were registered from different localities, including Zanzibar (Waters 1909, 1913), the Malay Archipelago (Robertson 1921) and the Indian Ocean and Red Sea (Waters 1909; Dumont 1981). Specimens from Zanzibar described by Waters (1909, 1913) have two large spatulate avicularia on the margin of the colony and semicircular avicularia scattered over the zooids. Specimens from the Red Sea (Waters 1909) have a semicircular avicularium placed at the proximal end of the zooid. Busk’s specimens of C. occlusa, C. australis n. sp. and C. buski n. sp. have single large interzooidal avicularia commonly placed at colony margins and elliptical avicularia placed at zooidal margins. Robertson (1921) did not describe specimens from the Malay Archipelago and referred to Waters’s (1909) description. Dumont (1981) also did not describe specimens from the Red Sea and, pending examination of these specimens, as well as specimens from the Indian Ocean, it is not possible to say if they belong to C. occlusa, C. australis n. sp., C. buski n. sp. or other species. Cigclisula occlusa is characterized by two sizes of suboral avicularia, interzooidal avicularia with a spatulate rostrum and triangular opesia and a subglobose slightly prominent ooecium having an ectooecium with a longitudinal band of 11 – 29 pseudopores. Cigclisula occlusa resembles Cigclisula cautium Hastings, 1932, Cigclisula fissurata (Ortmann, 1890) and Cigclisula fruticosa Hayward & Ryland, 1995 in having erect bilaminar colonies. Cigclisula occlusa differs from C. cautium in having a shorter zooid size, two sizes of suboral avicularium (one size only in C. cautium) and more ectooecial pseudopores (11 – 29 in C. occlusa, 6 – 7 in C. cautium). Differences from C. fissurata include the distribution of frontal pseudopores (uniform in C. occlusa, marginal in C. fissurata), interzooidal and frontal avicularia (present in C. occlusa, absent in C. fissurata) and number of ectooecial pseudopores (11 – 29 in C. occlusa, 2 – 5 in C. cautium). Differences from C. fruticosa include the elliptical primary orifice and non-tubercular secondary orifice of C. occlusa and the number of ectooecial pseudopores, about 6 in C. fruticosa.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC6213AF5FFFBE0FD0F3AB6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Indo-Pacific: Philippines.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC2213BF5FFFD9AFD593E05.taxon	description	(Fig. 6, Table 2)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC2213BF5FFFD9AFD593E05.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype: NHMUK 2014.8. 6.1, Lepralia occlusa var. areolata, Kirkpatrick det., Murray Island, Torres Straits, A. C. Haddon, 15 – 20 ftm (27.4 – 36.6 m). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1890.3.24.60; NHMUK 1890.11. 22.3 (two balsam slide); NHMUK 1999.3. 9.6, same data as Lectotype.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC2213BF5FFFD9AFD593E05.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Zooids polygonal, as long as wide, delimited by distinct grooves. Frontal shield heavily calcified, minutely tubercular, marginally punctured by 1 – 2 rows of 12 – 24 large pseudopores. Primary orifice large relative to frontal shield, centered, transversely D-shaped, wider than long, sunken, with arch-shaped anter and concave poster, separated by 2 midlateral down-curved condyles. Secondary orifice non-tubercular, slightly raised. Suboral elliptical avicularium laterally directed. Frontal avicularia absent. Interzooidal avicularia smaller than zooids, longer than wide, rostrum obovate, proximal edge rounded and distal edge deep concave, calcified palate occupies more than half of rostrum, foramen trifoliate proximal and oval distally. Ooecium subglobose, minutely granular, inclined toward zooid surface; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 6 – 7 large irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC2213BF5FFFD9AFD593E05.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was described by Kirkpatrick (1890) as a variety of Lepralia occlusa (= Cigclisula occlusa), but later authors considered it to be distinct (Hastings 1932). There are some differences between C. areolata and C. occlusa: C. areolata has encrusting colonies, a transversely D-shaped orifice, no frontal avicularia and interzooidal obovate avicularia, while C. occlusa has erect colonies, a longer-than-wide orifice (Hastings 1932), small frontal avicularia placed at zooidal margins and interzooidal spatulate avicularia. According to Hastings (1932), C. areolata is distinguished from the Japanese species described by Ortmann (1890) as Porella areolata in the colony form (erect in C. areolata, encrusting in the Japanese specimens) and primary orifice (transversely D-shaped in C. areolata, elliptical in Japanese specimens). Ortmann (1890) gave only a short description with a single uninformative illustration of P. areolata, so the specimens studied by him should be reexamined to determine their identity. Livingstone (1926) described both encrusting and erect colonies in C. areolata. These two colony forms, however, were reassigned by Hastings (1932) to two distinct species of Cigclisula: C. areolata, with encrusting colonies and C. cautium with erect bilaminar colonies. Other differences include (i) zooid size (larger in C. cautium), (ii) shape and size of primary orifice (transversely D-shaped and longer in C. areolata, elliptical and smaller in C. cautium), and (iii) frontal avicularia in C. cautium (absent in C. areolata). Cigclisula areolata is distinguished from all congeners by the presence of interzooidal avicularia having the rostrum obovate with the foramen trifoliate proximal and oval distally.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC2213BF5FFFD9AFD593E05.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific: Australia (Queensland).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC02126F5FFF8B7FB79395B.taxon	description	(Figs 7 – 8, Table 2)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC02126F5FFF8B7FB79395B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: NHMUK 1932.4. 20.54 (one dry and two balsam slides), Cigclisula cautium, A. B. Hastings det., Great Barrier Reef Expedition, Station XIV, 0.5 n. mile (0.9 km) SE of Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia, 35 m. Paratype: USNM 9574, Cigclisula cautium, A. B. Hastings det., 1932, Great Barrier Reef Expedition, Station XIV, 0.5 n. mile (0.9 km) SE of Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia, 35 m.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC02126F5FFF8B7FB79395B.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bilaminar, branching. Zooids hexagonal, longer than wide, delimited by slightly raised lateral walls. Frontal shield heavily calcified, with small protuberances, uniformly punctured by 14 – 24 pseudopores. Primary orifice small relative to frontal shield, subelliptical, as long as wide, sunken, with archshaped anter and concave poster, separated by 2 proximolateral down-curved condyles. Secondary orifice raised, non-tubercular, subcircular. Suboral avicularium elliptical, laterally placed, distally directed. Frontal avicularia small, elliptical, 1 – 2 per zooid, placed at zooidal margins. Interzooidal avicularia longer than wide; rostrum spatulate with rounded proximal edge, median constriction distinct and distal edge concave; calcified palate occupying more than half of the rostrum length, with oval foramen. Ooecium subglobose, slightly prominent; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 6 – 7 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC02126F5FFF8B7FB79395B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cigclisula cautium is characterized by a frontal shield with small protuberances, interzooidal avicularia with a spatulate rostrum and oval opesia, and ectooecium with a longitudinal band of 6 – 7 irregular pseudopores. Cigclisula cautium resembles C. occlusa, C. fissurata and C. fruticosa in having erect, bilaminar colonies. It differs from C. occlusa in zooid size (longer in C. cautium), a suboral avicularium of only one size (two distinct sizes in C. occlusa) and the number of ectooecial pseudopores (6 – 7 in C. cautium, 11 – 29 in C. occlusa). Cigclisula fissurata differs in the distribution of frontal pseudopores (uniform in C. cautium, marginal in C. fissurata), interzooidal and frontal avicularia (present in C. cautium, absent in C. fissurata) and number of ectooecial pseudopores (6 – 7 in C. cautium, 2 – 5 in C. fissurata). Cigclisula fruticosa differs in the distribution of frontal pseudopores (uniform in C. cautium, irregular in C. fruticosa), orifice shape (subelliptical primary orifice and nontubercular secondary orifice of C. cautium) and the number of ectooecial pseudopores, about 6 in C. fruticosa.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFC02126F5FFF8B7FB79395B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific: Australia (Queensland) and Japan (Tsushima Island; see Hastings 1932).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDE2127F5FFF969FD82395D.taxon	description	(Fig. 9, Table 2)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDE2127F5FFF969FD82395D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Syntypes: MZS 68.1 – 2, Porella fissurata, A. Ortmann det., collected 1882, Sagami Bay, Japan. Description. Colony erect, bilaminar, branching. Zooids hexagonal, longer than wide, limited by slightly raised lateral walls. Frontal shield heavily calcified, minutely tubercular, marginally punctured by 12 – 28 pseudopores. Primary orifice small relative to frontal shield, subelliptical, sunken. Secondary orifice raised, nontubercular, subcircular. Suboral avicularium elliptical, laterally placed, distally directed. Frontal and interzooidal avicularia absent. Ooecium subglobose, slightly prominent; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 2 – 5 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDE2127F5FFF969FD82395D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Owing to the presence of a suboral avicularium, this species was originally assigned to Porella. Species of Porella, however, have an imperforate ectooecium whereas that in C. fissurata has a longitudinal band of 2 – 5 irregular pseudopores. Thus, as suggested by Hastings (1932) and Harmer (1957), this species is better assigned to Cigclisula. Cigclisula fissurata is distinguished from all congeners by the absence of frontal and interzooidal avicularia. Purported Porella fissurata from Australia (Livingstone 1926) requires reinvestigation.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDE2127F5FFF969FD82395D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific: Japan.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDF2127F5FFF9D6FDBB3C8C.taxon	materials_examined	Type specimen. NHMUK 1999.12. 1.1, Station 89, Western Australia, Dampier Archipelago, approx. 1.85 n. miles (3.4 km) North of Gordon Point, Rosemary Island, 20 ° 27.33 ’ S, 116 ° 34.39 ’ E to 20 ° 27.17 ’ S, 116 ° 32.72 ’ E, 27 – 28 m, 26 July 1999, J. Taylor & E. Glover col., Western Australian Museum don.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDF2127F5FFF9D6FDBB3C8C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cigclisula fruticosa is characterized by strongly convex zooids, a secondary orifice with low blunt processes, dimorphic adventitious avicularia and ectooecia with a longitudinal band of about 6 large pseudopores subdivided in 2 – 4 small pseudopores (Hayward & Ryland 1995). The species is distinguished from all congeners by the primary orifice having a short U – shaped median sinus and the cribrate pseudopores of the ooecium.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDF2127F5FFF9D6FDBB3C8C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific: Australia.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDC2125F5FFFF1CFC113F53.taxon	description	(Fig. 10, Table 2)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDC2125F5FFFF1CFC113F53.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: USNM 8514, Holoporella porosa F. Canu & R. Bassler det., 1930 a, Galápagos Islands, Albatross Station, D. 2815, 61 m.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDC2125F5FFFF1CFC113F53.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Zooids hexagonal, becoming polygonal with growth, longer than wide, delimited by distinct grooves. Frontal shield heavily calcified, uniformly punctured by 20 – 50 pseudopores, minutely granular. Primary orifice large relative to frontal shield, centered, somewhat hoof-shaped, mostly as long as wide, sunken, with arch-shaped anter and concave poster, separated by 2 proximolateral downcurved condyles. Secondary orifice non-tubercular, slightly raised, surrounded by pseudopores. Frontal avicularia small, elliptical, often single (rarely 2 per zooid), placed at zooidal margins. Ooecium subglobose, minutely granular, inclined toward zooid surface; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 33 – 48 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDC2125F5FFFF1CFC113F53.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cigclisula porosa was described by Canu & Bassler (1930 a) in the same publication as Trematooecia hexagonalis (Canu & Bassler, 1930). While the ectooecium of C. porosa was described as pseudoporous, Canu & Bassler (1930 a) did not recognize ooecia in the holotype of T. hexagonalis, but some authors (Osburn 1952; Soule 1961; Soule & Soule 1964) described the ectooecium of this species as pseudoporous, designating these specimens as T. hexagonalis. Examination of the holotype of T. hexagonalis, however, revealed that the ectooecium has single median membranous area (see remarks under T. hexagonalis) contrasting with an irregularly pseudoporous ectooecium, which is distinct in C. porosa. Besides the ectooecium and tubercles, other differences between these two species include the diameter of frontal pseudopores, larger in C. porosa (0.015 – 0.032 mm) than in T. hexagonalis (0.010 – 0.018 mm), and the size of frontal avicularia, larger in C. porosa (0.068 – 0.082 mm long, 0.070 – 0.075 mm wide) than in T. hexagonalis (0.028 – 0.045 mm long, 0.028 – 0.039 mm wide). Specimens previously reported as T. hexagonalis from the Pacific (Osburn 1952; Soule 1961; Soule & Soule 1964) are here reassigned to Cigclisula osburni n. sp. (see below). Cigclisula porosa is characterized by encrusting colonies with the zooidal frontal shield uniformly punctured by 20 – 50 pseudopores, primary orifice almost rounded with distolateral condyles, secondary orifice nontubercular, elliptical frontal avicularia and ectooecium with 33 – 48 irregular pseudopores. This species resembles C. areolata in having encrusting colonies, a uniformly punctured frontal shield and non-tubercular secondary orifice, but differs in the the hoof-shaped primary orifice (transversely D-shaped in C. areolata) and in the absence of suboral and interzooidal avicularia (present in C. areolata).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDC2125F5FFFF1CFC113F53.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific: Gulf of California and Galápagos Islands.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDD2125F5FFFB0CFD2D3D23.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was originally assigned to Trematooecia owing to similarities with Trematooecia turrita sensu Winston (1984) (= Cigclisula winstonae n. sp.; see below). Cigclisula psammophila (Winston & Håkansson) n. comb. has encrusting colonies, a secondary orifice with solid tubercles and an ectooecium with a longitudinal band of irregular pseudopores, the latter morphological character a diagnostic feature of Cigclisula. Cigclisula psammophila is distinguished from all congeners by its small size and the absence of avicularia (Winston & Håkansson 1986). Colonies are found encrusting the convex surfaces or borders of sand grains (Håkansson and Winston 1985; Winston and Håkansson 1986).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDD2125F5FFFB0CFD2D3D23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northwest Atlantic: Florida.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDD2123F5FFF91CFB363C05.taxon	description	(Fig. 11, Table 3)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDD2123F5FFF91CFB363C05.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Syntypes: MCZ # 92, Lepralia turrita, F. A. Smitt det., 1873, Florida, April 3, 1869, Cast No. 3, 80 m. Additional specimens: USNM 68708, Holoporella turrita, F. Canu & R. S. Bassler det., 1923, Pleistocene, Mount Hope, Panama. USNM 603762, Holoporella turrita (Smitt), Fowey Light, Miami, Florida, 73 m; USNM 603763, Holoporella turrita (Smitt), Albatross Station 2639, Straits of Florida, 102 m.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDD2123F5FFF91CFB363C05.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar, forming small mounds. Zooids squatly vasiform, irregularly polygonal in outline, as long as wide, delimited by distinct grooves. Frontal shield heavily calcified, irregularly punctured by 14 – 41 pseudopores. Primary orifice centered, deep, longitudinally oval with arcuate anter and concave poster delimited by 2 down-curved condyles at about one-third orifice length. Secondary orifice frequently surrounded by 4 – 5 (usually 4) truncate tubercles. Suboral avicularium absent. Frontal avicularia small, elliptical, 1 – 2 per zooid, placed at zooidal proximal margin, between or at ends of tubercles; serrated distal rostral margins. Interzooidal avicularia smaller than zooids, short, rostrum tongue-shaped, longer than wide, proximal edge rectangular and distal edge straight; calcified palate occupies less than half of rostrum; foramen pentagonal. Ooecium subglobose, inclined toward zooid surface, sometimes bearing tubercles and avicularia; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 25 – 38 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDD2123F5FFF91CFB363C05.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Smitt (1873) stated that the ooecium of Lepralia turrita was globose and medially perforated by ‘ pores’ (= pseudopores). However, species with different types of ooecium (with a single frontal membranous window) have frequently been identified as L. turrita (Waters 1913; Osburn 1914, 1927, 1940; Canu & Bassler 1928 a, 1929; Zabala & Maluquer 1988). Harmer (1957) suggested that two ectooecial morphologies occur in the same species: the median slit-like membranous window occurs in young ooecia and pseudopores are found in old ooecia. This condition, however, has never been seen in the same colony and since Harmer (1957) based this observation on different specimens, it is doubtful that he was talking about a single species, but two or more different species. Osburn (1940) erected Trematooecia based on specimens that he named Trematooecia turrita and attributed to Smitt’s species. His description and the specimens examined, however, all conform to Trematooecia aviculifera (Canu & Bassler, 1923) (see remarks under Trematooecia and T. aviculifera). Despite the presence of solid tubercles around the secondary orifice there are many differences between both species. Trematooecia aviculifera has a transversely D-shaped primary orifice lacking condyles, the suboral avicularium is common and frontal avicularia are absent, whereas Smitt’s L. turrita has a longitudinally oval primary orifice with stout condyles, the suboral avicularium is absent and frontal avicularia are common. The ectooecium, however, comprises the most conspicuous difference between these species: a frontal semicircular window (considered by as diagnostic of Trematooecia) in T. aviculifera and a longitudinal band of irregular pseudopores (considered by us as diagnostic of Cigclisula) in C. turrita. Our conclusion is that Smitt’s L. turrita is better placed in Cigclisula. Over the years, many specimens from different localities including Brazil (Ridley 1881), Galápagos (Hastings 1930) and the Panama Canal (Powell 1971) have been attributed to L. turrita Smitt; only reexamination of these will determine their taxonomic position. The single specimen reported by Ridley (1881) differs from C. turrita in colonial morphology (erect and branched in Ridley’s specimen, encrusting in C. turrita), number of peristomial tubercles (2 – 4 in Ridley’s specimen, 4 – 5 in C. turrita), presence of avicularia on the tubercles and around the secondary orifice (present in Ridley’s specimen, lacking in C. turrita), and shape of interzooidal avicularia (spatulate in Ridley’s specimen, linguiform in C. turrita). Part of the material reported by Ridley (1881) may be conspecific with a specimen from Cabo Frio, Brazil (Winston et al. in press). Specimens studied by Hastings (1930) differ from C. turrita in the presence interzooidal avicularia (absent in Hastings’s specimens and present in C. turrita) and morphology of oooecia (immersed in Hastings’s specimens, prominent and inclined toward the zooid surface in C. turrita). Specimens reported by Powell (1971) were not described or illustrated, but he made reference to Hastings specimens that, as discussed above, are distinct from those of Smitt’s L. turrita. Cigclisula turrita is characterized by the presence of 4 – 5 solid tubercles around the secondary orifice, interzooidal avicularia with linguiform rostrum and subglobose ooecia. Two other species of Cigclisula have encrusting colonies and subglobose ooecia: C. areolata and C. porosa. Cigclisula turrita differs from C. areolata in the irregularly punctured frontal shield (that of C. areolata is uniformly punctured), longitudinally oval primary orifice (transversely D-shaped in C. areolata), presence of tubercles around the secondary orifice (absent in C. areolata), absence of suboral avicularia (present in C. areolata), and presence of frontal avicularia (absent in C. areolata). Cigclisula porosa differs from C. turrita in the uniformly punctured frontal shield (that of C. turrita is irregularly punctured), absence of peristomial tubercles (present in C. turrita) and absence of interzooidal avicularia (present in C. turrita).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDD2123F5FFF91CFB363C05.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pleistocene (Panama) to Recent (Northwest Atlantic: Florida to Costa Rica).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDB212EF5FFF832FD593A26.taxon	description	(Fig. 12, Table 3)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDB212EF5FFF832FD593A26.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: USNM 8894, Escharoides occlusa Busk, Challenger Expedition, Cape York, Australia.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDB212EF5FFF832FD593A26.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Erect Cigclisula with minutely tubercular frontal shield; usually 2 – 3 frontal avicularia; larger interzooidal spatulate avicularia with triangular foramen and smaller interzooidal spatulate avicularia with oval foramen; ooecium minutely tubercular and ectooecium with longitudinal band of 7 – 18 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDB212EF5FFF832FD593A26.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin australis, southern, alluding to the type locality being in Australia.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDB212EF5FFF832FD593A26.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bilaminar, branching. Zooids hexagonal, longer than wide, delimited by slightly raised lateral walls. Frontal shield heavily calcified, uniformly punctured by 18 – 34 pseudopores, minutely tubercular. Primary orifice small relative to zooid size, somewhat hoof-shaped, wider than long, sunken, with arcuate anter and broad shallow poster separated by 2 proximolateral down-curved condyles. Secondary orifice non-tubercular. Suboral, elliptical, laterally directed avicularium with 2 sizes, 1 smaller and the other double sized. Frontal avicularia small, elliptical, 2 – 3 per zooid, placed at zooidal margins, sometimes near ooecial margins. Interzooidal avicularia of 2 sizes, 1 as long as zooids, large, rostrum spatulate, longer than wide, proximal edge rounded, median constriction and distal edge concave, palate occupying half rostral length, with triangular foramen; avicularia smaller than zooids sometimes present, short, rostrum spatulate, wider than long, proximal edge rounded, distal constriction and distal edge concave; palate occupying half rostral length, with oval foramen. Ooecium subglobose, inclined toward zooid surface, minutely tubercular; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 7 – 18 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDB212EF5FFF832FD593A26.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Busk (1884) described C. occlusa (as Escharoides occlusa) from the Philippines and Australia, but examination of these specimens revealed three distinct species, C. occlusa, C. australis n. sp. and C. buski n. sp., mainly distinguished by the frontal surface of the zooids, number of ectooecial pseudopores, shape of foramen of the interzooidal avicularia and metrics of zooids, frontal pseudopores and suboral avicularia. Cigclisula australis n. sp. is characterized by the minutely tubercular frontal shield, two sizes of interzooidal spatulate avicularia (the larger with a triangular foramen, the smaller with an oval foramen, minutely tubercular ooecium and ectooecium with a longitudinal band of 7 – 18 irregular pseudopores. Besides C. occlusa, C. australis n. sp. and C. buski n. sp., three other species of Cigclisula have erect bilaminar colonies — C. cautium, C. fissurata and C. fruticosa. Cigclisula cautium is distinguished from C. australis n. sp. by the distribution and size of zooidal pseudopores (mainly marginal and larger, 0.021 – 0.048 mm diameter, vs uniformly spaced and smaller, 0.007 – 0.017 mm diameter, in Cigclisula australis n. sp.), texture of the frontal shield (smooth in C. cautium, minutely tubercular in C. australis n. sp.), shape of primary orifice (longer than wide in C. cautium, subcircular in C. australis n. sp.), and shape of interzooidal avicularia (rostrum foot-shaped in C. cautium, spatulate in C. australis n. sp.). Cigclisula fissurata differs in the distribution of frontal pseudopores (uniform in C. australis n. sp., marginal in C. fissurata), frontal and interzooidal avicularia (present in C. australis n. sp., absent in C. fissurata) and number of ectooecial pseudopores (7 – 18 in C. australis n. sp., 2 – 5 in C. fissurata). Cigclisula fruticosa is distinguished by the irregularly punctured frontal shield (pseudopores of C. australis n. sp. are uniformly distributed), short U-shaped median sinus (absent in C. australis n. sp.), secondary orifice with low blunt processes (non-tubercular in C. australis n. sp.) and ectooecium with about six pseudopores (7 – 18 in C. australis n. sp.).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFDB212EF5FFF832FD593A26.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific: Australia (Queensland).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD7212DF5FFFF1CFC123AB6.taxon	description	(Figs 13 – 14, Table 3)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD7212DF5FFFF1CFC123AB6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: NHMUK 1887.12. 9.593, ‘ Escharoides occlusa’, G. Busk coll., Challenger Expedition, Stn 186, coral mud, off Cape York, Australia, 10 ° 30 ’ S, 142 ° 18 ’ W, ex. Dundee coll. Paratypes: NHMUK 1963.2.12.197; NHMUK 1899.7.1.2139; NHMUK 1899.7.1.4487; NHMUK 1887.12.9.591; NHMUK 1994.1.8.282; NHMUK 1994.1.8.283; USNM 9231 [exchange from NHMUK], same data as holotype.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD7212DF5FFFF1CFC123AB6.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Cape York, Australia.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD7212DF5FFFF1CFC123AB6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Erect, frontal shield with small protuberances; usually 1 – 2 frontal avicularia; interzooidal avicularia of 2 sizes, with oval foramen; ooecium rugose with 38 – 50 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD7212DF5FFFF1CFC123AB6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Honorific for George Busk (1807 – 1886), the notable bryozoologist who studied the original material.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD7212DF5FFFF1CFC123AB6.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bilaminar, branching. Zooids hexagonal, longer than wide, delimited by slightly raised lateral walls. Frontal shield thickly calcified, with small protuberances, uniformly punctured by 10 – 46 pseudopores. Primary orifice small relative to frontal shield, somewhat hoof-shaped, as long as wide, sunken, with high-arched anter; condyles in proximolateral corners delimit a very weakly defined poster with shallow median sinus. Secondary orifice raised, non-tubercular, subcircular. Suboral avicularium elliptical, laterally placed and distally directed, of 2 sizes, 1 small (0.046 – 0.071 mm long), the other double-sized, commonly associated with ovicelled zooids and zooids in center of branches. Frontal avicularia small, common, elliptical, 1 – 2 per zooid, placed at zooidal margins. Interzooidal avicularia of 2 sizes, 1 small the other double-sized; both longer than wide, with broadly spatulate mandible; rostrum with rounded proximal edge, median constriction distinct and distal edge concave; calcified palate occupying more than half rostral length, with oval foramen. Ooecium subglobose, slightly prominent; with small protuberances; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 38 – 50 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD7212DF5FFFF1CFC123AB6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Along with C. australis n. sp., this species comprised part of the material described as Escharoides occlusa by Busk (1884). Re-examination of the type material led us to reassign them to three different species (see Remarks under C. occlusa and C. australis n. sp.). Cigclisula buski n. sp. is characterized by the frontal shield and ooecium with small protuberances, two sizes of interzooidal spatulate avicularia, both with an oval foramen, and an ectooecium with a longitudinal band of 28 – 50 irregular pseudopores. Cigclisula buski n. sp. resembles C. cautium, C. fruticosa and C. fissurata in having erect bilaminar colonies, but differs in possessing suboral avicularia of two sizes, a frontal shield with 23 – 46 pseudopores and ectooecium with 38 – 50 pseudopores. The species also differs from C. fissurata in the distribution of frontal pseudopores (uniform in C. buski n. sp., marginal in C. fissurata) and frontal and interzooidal avicularia (absent in C. fissurata). Cigclisula fruticosa differs in the distribution of frontal pseudopores (uniform in C. buski n. sp., irregular in C. fruticosa), shape of primary orifice (subelliptical in C. buski n. sp., an elongate D shape with a short U-shaped median sinus in C. fruticosa) and secondary orifice (non-tubercular in C. buski n. sp. and with blunt processes in C. fruticosa).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD7212DF5FFFF1CFC123AB6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific: Australia (Queensland and Torres Straits).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD5212AF5FFF827FDB93F55.taxon	description	(Fig. 15, Table 4)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD5212AF5FFF827FDB93F55.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: USNM 603767, CHE 593 B, Atlantic coast of Panama. Paratype: USNM 603768, CHE 622, Atlantic coast of Panama.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD5212AF5FFF827FDB93F55.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Encrusting, frontal shield uniformly punctured by 30 – 60 pseudopores; secondary orifice surrounded by 4 to 5 solid tubercles; frontal avicularia large, 0.057 – 0.082 mm long, 0.048 – 0.070 mm wide; ooecium with 1 – 3 tubercles and 1 – 2 avicularia, ectooecium with longitudinal band of 32 – 55 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD5212AF5FFF827FDB93F55.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From latin fistulosus, porous, alluding to the uniformly punctured frontal shield.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD5212AF5FFF827FDB93F55.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Zooids hexagonal, becoming polygonal with increasing calcification, as long as wide, delimited by distinct grooves. Frontal shield thickly calcified, uniformly punctured by 30 – 60 pseudopores, smooth. Primary orifice large relative to area of frontal shield, almost centered, subcampanuliform, longer than wide, sunken, with arcuate anter and slightly broader poster separated by 2 downcurved condyles at about one third orifice length. Secondary orifice surrounded by 4 – 5 (often 4) solid tubercles. Suboral avicularium absent. Frontal avicularia large (0.057 – 0.082 mm long, 0.048 – 0.070 mm wide), elliptical, single (rarely 2), placed at proximal margin of zooid. Ooecium somewhat elevated, wider than long, inclined to zooid surface, often bearing 1 – 3 tubercles and 1 – 2 avicularia; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 32 – 55 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD5212AF5FFF827FDB93F55.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cigclisula fistulosa n. sp. was previously attributed to Cigclisula turrita (as Trematooecia). The two species are distinguished, however, by the frontal shield (irregularly punctured in C. turrita and uniformly punctured in C. fistulosa n. sp.), autozooid size (larger in C. turrita: 0.454 – 0.816 mm long, 0.506 – 0.858 mm wide; cf. C. fistulosa n. sp.: 0.296 – 0.699 mm long, 0.343 – 0.607 mm wide), interzooidal avicularia (present only in C. turrita), and the number of ectooecial pseudopores (25 – 38 in C. turrita, 32 – 55 in C. fistulosa n. sp.). Cigclisula fistulosa n. sp. resembles C. psammophila and C. perforata n. sp. in having encrusting colonies, solid tubercles around the secondary orifice and no interzooidal avicularia, but differs in having 30 – 60 pseudopores in the frontal shield, ooecia with 1 – 3 tubercles and 1 – 2 avicularia, and ectooecium with 32 – 55 pseudopores. Also, C. fistulosa n. sp. has a small primary orifice and ovicells and larger frontal avicularia than in C. perforata n. sp. (Table 2).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD5212AF5FFF827FDB93F55.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Atlantic: Panama.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD32129F5FFF9A1FCAD397E.taxon	description	(Fig. 16, Table 4)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD32129F5FFF9A1FCAD397E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: USNM 603769, ‘ Trematooecia hexagonalis’, Hancock Stn 229, San Jose del Cabo, Baja California, Mexico, 149 m. Additional specimens: USNM 603770, ‘ Trematooecia hexagonalis’, Pacific coast of Panama.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD32129F5FFF9A1FCAD397E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Encrusting, zooids with 1 – 2 rows of large marginal pores; ooecium tubercular and ectooecium with longitudinal band of 27 – 39 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD32129F5FFF9A1FCAD397E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in recognition of the major contribution of Raymond Carroll Osburn (1872 – 1955) to bryozoan taxonomy.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD32129F5FFF9A1FCAD397E.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Zooids hexagonal to polygonal, as long as wide, delimited by slightly raised lateral walls. Frontal shield thickly calcified, with 1 – 2 rows of 20 – 40 marginal pseudopores and areolar pores, smooth. Primary orifice large relative to area of frontal shield, centered, subelliptical, longer than wide, sunken, with arcuate anter and deep semicircular poster separated by 2 down-curved condyles set nearly mid-length. Secondary orifice surrounded by 4 – 5 (usually 4) solid tapered tubercles. Suboral avicularium absent. Frontal avicularia small, elliptical, single, placed at zooidal margins. Ooecium subglobose, inclined to zooid surface, often tubercular; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 27 – 39 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD32129F5FFF9A1FCAD397E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cigclisula osburni n. sp. was previously attributed to Trematooecia hexagonalis (see remarks under C. porosa), which it resembles in having encrusting colonies, a secondary orifice with solid tubercles and no interzooidal avicularia. Differences include zooid size (larger in C. osburni n. sp. than in T. hexagonalis), the number of frontal pseudopores (20 – 40 in C. osburni n. sp., 36 – 51 in T. hexagonalis) and the ectooecium (porous in C. osburni n. sp., with a U-shaped membranous area in T. hexagonalis). Cigclisula osburni n. sp. resembles C. psammophila, Cigclisula perforata n. sp. and Cigclisula fistulosa n. sp. in having encrusting colonies, a secondary orifice with solid tubercles and no interzooidal avicularia, but differs in having 1 – 2 rows of 21 – 41 marginal pores and an ectooecium with a longitudinal band of 27 – 39 irregular pseudopores. The primary orifice of C. osburni n. sp. is shorter than in C. perforata n. sp. and its zooids and frontal pseudopores larger than in C. fistulosa n. sp. (Table 3).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD32129F5FFF9A1FCAD397E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Eastern Pacific: California and Mexico.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD12116F5FFFDDAFBF63F1B.taxon	description	(Fig. 17, Table 4)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD12116F5FFFDDAFBF63F1B.taxon	materials_examined	Not Holoporella hexagonalis Canu & Bassler, 1930 a: 38, pl. 7, fig. 1. [Galápagos Islands] Material examined. Holotype: USNM 603764, ‘ Trematooecia hexagonalis’, Recent, Atlantic coast of Panama. Paratypes: USNM 603765, ‘ Trematooecia hexagonalis’, Recent, Atlantic coast of Panama; USNM 603766, ‘ Trematooecia turrita’, Plio – Pleistocene, Bocas del Toro Group, Isla Colon, Panama.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD12116F5FFFDDAFBF63F1B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Encrusting, zooids with small pseudopores c. 0.006 – 0.018 mm diameter; primary orifice subcircular, only a little longer than wide, with triangular incurved condyles; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 27 – 80 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD12116F5FFFDDAFBF63F1B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin perforatus, perforated, alluding to the numerous ovicellar pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD12116F5FFFDDAFBF63F1B.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Zooids hexagonal, becoming polygonal with growth, longer than wide, limited by distinct grooves. Frontal shield heavily calcified, irregularly punctured by 30 – 47 small (0.006 – 0.018 mm diameter) pseudopores, smooth. Primary orifice large relative to frontal shield, centered, subcircular, only a little longer than wide, sunken, with arcuate anter and deeply concave poster with shallow median sinus, 2 incurved condyles set about one third orifice length. Secondary orifice surrounded by 4 – 5 (usually 4) solid tubercles. Suboral avicularium absent. Frontal avicularia small, elliptical, single (rarely 2), at proximal margin of zooid. Ooecium moderately prominent, inclined to zooid surface, sometimes bearing tubercles; ectooecium with longitudinal band of 27 – 80 irregular pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD12116F5FFFDDAFBF63F1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was previously attributed to Trematooecia hexagonalis Cheetham et al. (1999). Like Cigclisula perforata n. sp., T. hexagonalis has encrusting colonies with hexagonal to polygonal zooids, but they are readily distinguished by the details of the ooecium (ectooecium with slit-like membranous window in T. hexagonalis, irregular pseudopores in C. perforata n. sp.). Additional species of Cigclisula with encrusting colonies and tubercles around the secondary orifice are C. porosa, C. psammophila, C. turrita and C. winstonae n. sp. Cigclisula perforata n. sp. is distinguished from C. porosa by the distribution and diameter of frontal pseudopores (regularly spaced and large, 0.015 – 0.032 mm diameter in C. porosa; mainly marginal and small, about 0.008 – 0.0019 mm diameter in C. perforata n. sp.) and presence of tubercles around the secondary orifice (absent in C. porosa and present in C. perforata n. sp.). Cigclisula psammophila differs in its small zooids, immersed ovicells and in the absence of avicularia. Cigclisula turrita differs from C. perforata n. sp. in having interzooidal avicularia and ooecia with 25 – 38 ectooecial pseudopores. In C. winstonae n. sp. the ooecium is readily distinguished from those of C. perforata n. sp. in having 3 – 9 large ectooecial pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFD12116F5FFFDDAFBF63F1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Plio / Pleistocene (Isla Colon, Caribbean) to Recent (Atlantic: Panama).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEE2117F5FFFB47FC8E3C81.taxon	description	(Fig. 18, Table 4)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEE2117F5FFFB47FC8E3C81.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: USNM 376607, ‘ Trematooecia turrita’, J. E. Winston det., 1984, Carrie Bow Cay, Belize.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEE2117F5FFFB47FC8E3C81.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Encrusting Cigclisula with zooids limited by distinct wavy grooves; 2 or more frontal avicularia per zooid; ooecium immersed, ectooecium with longitudinal band of 3 – 9 irregular large (0.020 – 0.056 mm diameter) pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEE2117F5FFFB47FC8E3C81.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after Judith Ellen Winston, for her contribution to bryozoology.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEE2117F5FFFB47FC8E3C81.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar forming small mounds. Zooids irregularly polygonal, as long as wide, limited by distinct wavy grooves. Frontal shield thickly calcified, irregularly punctured by 23 – 46 pores. Primary orifice large relative to frontal shield, centered, oval, longer than wide, sunken, with arcuate anter and slightly narrower concave poster, separated by 2 down-curved condyles. Secondary orifice frequently surrounded by 4 – 5 (usually 4) long solid tubercles. Suboral avicularium absent. Frontal avicularia small, elliptical, usually 2 – 3 per zooid, on frontal shield between tubercles near orifice; serrated distal rostral margins. Interzooidal avicularia smaller than zooids, short, rostrum spatulate, wider than long, proximal edge rounded and distal edge concave; calcified palate occupying less than half rostral length, with rounded foramen. Ooecium fully immersed; ectooecium with longitudinal band of about 3 – 9 irregular large (0.020 – 0.056 mm diameter) pseudopores.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEE2117F5FFFB47FC8E3C81.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although identified as Trematooecia turrita (Winston 1984; Winston & Wollacott 2009), the morphology of the ooecium is strikingly different between C. turrita and C. winstonae n. sp. Whereas C. turrita has a prominent ovicell and ectooecium with a longitudinal band of 25 – 38 pseudopores, C. winstonae n. sp. has an immersed ovicell and ectooecium with a longitudinal band of 3 – 9 large pseudopores. The species also differ in the shape of the interzooidal avicularia — linguiform in C. turrita, spatulate in C. winstonae n. sp. Cigclisula winstonae n. sp. and C. psammophila are the only species of Cigclisula with fully immersed ooecia. Both species are distinguished by zooid size and colony size (smaller and unilamellar in C. psammophila), frontal shield (irregularly punctured in C. winstonae n. sp., marginally punctured in C. psammophila) and frontal and interzooidal avicularia (present in C. winstonae n. sp., absent in C. psammophila).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEE2117F5FFFB47FC8E3C81.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caribbean: Belize and Barbados.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEC2114F5FFFF1CFA0538AE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Trematooecia aviculifera (Canu & Bassler, 1923), now fixed under ICZN Article 70.3, misidentified as Trematooecia turrita (Smitt, 1873) in the original designation by Osburn (1940).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEC2114F5FFFF1CFA0538AE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (revised). Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar or erect and bilaminar. Autozooids heavily calcified. Frontal wall with frontal pseudopores and marginal areolar pores. Primary orifice transversely D-shaped or hoof-shaped. Secondary orifice formed by raised, rounded tubercles often obscuring the primary orifice. Suboral avicularium often present, seated within peristome near primary orifice. Interzooidal and adventitious avicularia with complete crossbar. Ovicell acleithral, with coarse surface calcification, ectooecium with a single membranous frontal area.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEC2114F5FFFF1CFA0538AE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trematooecia was erected by Osburn (1940) to accommodate L. turrita Smitt, 1873, designated type species, and Trematooecia protecta Osburn, 1940. Re-examination of the specimens studied by Osburn (1940) from Puerto Rico (Guanica Harbor, 9 – 32 m), Tortugas Island (20 – 27 m) and Curaçao (all USNM Acc. No. 208837), allow us to reassign these colonies as T. aviculifera, as suggested by Banta & Carson (1977) and Winston (2005). The main difference between T. aviculifera and C. turrita is the ectooecium, with a circular uncalcified area in T. aviculifera and a longitudinal band of irregular pseudopores in C. turrita. Other differences pertain to the condyles (absent in T. aviculifera, present in C. turrita) and frontal avicularia (absent in T. aviculifera, dimorphic in C. turrita), but these characters seem to be variable within both Trematooecia and Cigclisula. Owing to the misidentification of T. aviculifera as C. turrita, some other species were subsequently incorrectly attributed to Trematooecia, hence the genus has included species with two different types of ectooecium: (i) with an uncalcified central area, characteristic of Trematooecia, and (ii) with a median band of pseudopores, typical of Cigclisula. Thus, some species previously assigned to Cigclisula are here reassigned to Trematooecia, viz. Trematooecia arborescens (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Trematooecia gemmea (Winston & Woollacott, 2009) n. comb., Trematooecia hexagonalis (Canu & Bassler, 1930) and Trematooecia verticalis (Maplestone, 1910) n. comb.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEC2111F5FFFB89FBB43E7E.taxon	description	(Figs 19 – 24, Table 5)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEC2111F5FFFB89FBB43E7E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: USNM 68709, Holoporella aviculifera, F. Canu & R. Bassler det., Pleistocene, Panama Canal. Additional specimens: USNM 603771, Trematooecia turrita, Jan Thielbaai, Curaçao, approx. 21 m; USNM 603772, Trematooecia turrita, R. Osburn det., 1908, Tortugas, Florida, 27 m; USNM 603773, Acc. No. 208837, Trematooecia turrita, R. Osburn det., 1915, off Guanica Harbor, Puerto Rico, 55 m; USNM 603774, Trematooecia turrita, R. Osburn det., 1920, Curaçao Bay; USNM 376606, Trematooecia aviculifera, Carrie Bow Cay, Belize; USNM 603775, Trematooecia aviculifera, Belize, Carrie Bow Cay, CBC 14.5.75 – 1, 14 – 38 m, B. Spracklin Coll; USNM 603776, Trematooecia aviculifera, Curaçao; USNM 603777, Trematooecia aviculifera, Belize, Fisherman’s Cay; USNM 603778, Trematooecia aviculifera, Saint Georges’s Cay, Belize; USNM 603782, CHE 618, Trematooecia aviculifera, Panama; USNM 603284, T. a. 17, Trematooecia aviculifera, J. Sanner det., Panama; USNM 603285, T. a. 8, Trematooecia aviculifera, J. Sanner det., Panama; USNM 603286, T. a. 3 and 4, Trematooecia aviculifera, J. Sanner det., Panama.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEC2111F5FFFB89FBB43E7E.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar, the latter forming forming large mounds. Skeleton red. Zooids of initial layer subrectangular, those from frontally budded layers irregularly polygonal, longer than wide, limited by slightly raised lateral walls. Frontal shield heavily calcified, marginally punctured by 7 – 14 pseudopores. Primary orifice small relative to frontal shield, transversely D-shaped, wider than long, sunken, with arcuate anter and straight or weakly convex poster. No condyles. Secondary orifice surrounded by 4 – 6 (usually 4) whitish solid tubercles. Suboral elliptical avicularium laterally orientated. Interzooidal avicularium large, wider than long, rostrum obovate; calcified palate occupies more than half rostral length; foramen rounded. Ooecium subglobose, initially seen as horizontal on zooid surface before becoming partly immersed in secondary calcification, wider than long; ectooecium with frontal semicircular membranous area.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEC2111F5FFFB89FBB43E7E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Winston (2005), Smitt (1873) did not differentiate T. aviculifera from Celleporaria albirostris. Osburn (1940) also misidentified T. aviculifera as Trematooecia turrita (Smitt, 1873) (= Cigclisula turrita; Fig. 11), and erected the genus Trematooecia for this species. Both T. aviculifera and C. turrita species have heavily calcified, encrusting colonies, often with a tubercular secondary orifice. They are distinguished, however, by the morphology of ooecia and avicularia (see above, under Remarks on Trematooecia). Canu & Bassler (1923) described T. aviculifera based on a fossil specimen (USNM 68709; Fig. 19) from Panama Canal. They described small frontal avicularia, but none has been found in examined material. Trematooecia aviculifera is characterized by the transversely D-shaped orifice, suboral elliptical avicularium laterally directed and obovate interzooidal avicularium. ...... continued on the next page Trematooecia aviculifera resembles Trematooecia osburni Marcus, 1955, Trematooecia protecta Osburn, 1940 and Trematooecia ridleyi (Kirkpatrick, 1890) in having encrusting colonies, a marginally punctured frontal shield, globose ooecium and ectooecium with a frontal circular membranous area. Trematooecia aviculifera differs from T. osburni in the presence of tubercles around the secondary orifice and in having a suboral avicularium. Trematooecia aviculifera differs from T. protecta in the absence of condyles and frontal avicularia and in the position of the ooecium (inclined in T. protecta, horizontal in T. aviculifera). Autozooids, suboral avicularia and ooecia are also shorter in T. protecta than in T. aviculifera (Table 3). Trematooecia aviculifera differs from T. ridleyi in the size of the zooids and ooecium (all smaller in T. ridleyi) and in the absence of frontal avicularia (conspicuous in T. ridleyi). Trematooecia aviculifera has been reported by some authors (Canu & Bassler 1928 a; Osburn 1914, 1927, 1940; Banta & Carson 1971; Winston 1984, 2005) from the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Puerto Rico, and Costa Rica. This species is probably one of the most abundant bryozoans on Caribbean coral reefs (Winston 1984, 1986, 2005). Colonies grow from a single lamina to form large mounds that remain red even when dead (Fig. 24). Because of the colony color and presence of tubercles, the species is also called “ bleeding teeth bryozoan ” (Charpin 2014). Owing to some physical property of the calcification, the species has a fluorescent green coloration at depths below 7 m (Winston 1984), one of the reasons why T. aviculifera is easily noticed by divers.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFEC2111F5FFFB89FBB43E7E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pleistocene (Panama) to Recent (Atlantic: Florida to Venezuela).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE9211FF5FFFAE6FC823C97.taxon	description	(Figs 25 – 26, Table 6)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE9211FF5FFFAE6FC823C97.taxon	materials_examined	Cigclisula arborescens: Vieira et al. 2010 a: 29, figs 67 – 72. [Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil] Material examined. Lectotype: USNM 8565 (see Vieira et al. 2010 a), Rhynchozoon arborescens, F. Canu & R. Bassler det., Bahia and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Additional specimens: NHMUK 1899.7.1.5283; NHMUK 1899.7. 1.5290, ‘ Lepralia adamitica’, G. Busk col., HMS ‘ Herald’, John Adams Bank (Victoria Bank, Espírito Santo, Brazil); UFBA 527, Trematooecia arborescens, A. C. Almeida det., Camaçari, Bahia, 14 – 38 m; UFBA 553, Trematooecia arborescens, A. C. Almeida det., Camaçari, Baía de Todos os Santos, Brazil; UFBA 555, Trematooecia arborescens, A. C. Almeida det., Camaçari, Bahia, 50 m; MZUSP 0315, Cigclisula arborescens, L. M. Vieira det., project REVIZEE South SCORE, RV ‘ Prof. Wladimir Besnard’, station 6662, Rio de Janeiro, 135 m; MZUSP 0316, Cigclisula arborescens, L. M. Vieira det., project REVIZEE South SCORE, RV ‘ Prof. Wladimir Besnard’, station 6674, São Paulo, 122 m; MZUSP 0317, Cigclisula arborescens, L. M. Vieira det., project REVIZEE South SCORE, RV ‘ Prof. Wladimir Besnard’, station 6678, São Paulo, 99 m.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE9211FF5FFFAE6FC823C97.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bilaminar, branching. Skeleton red. Zooids hexagonal to polygonal, generally longer than wide, delimited by slightly raised sinuous margins. Frontal shield heavily calcified, marginally punctured by 18 – 24 pores, smooth. Primary orifice large relative to frontal shield, elliptical, longer than wide, sunken, with an arcuate anter and deeply concave poster, separated by 2 proximolateral downcurved condyles. Secondary orifice surrounded by 4 – 6 low, blunt processes. Suboral, elliptical, laterally directed avicularium of 2 sizes, the smaller with smooth distal rostral margins, the larger with serrated distal rostral margins. Frontal avicularia small, elliptical with serrated distal rostral margins, often 2 per zooid, placed at zooidal margins. Interzooidal avicularia at colony margins, large, longer than wide, rostrum spatulate; calcified palate occupying more than half rostral length; foramen rounded. Ovicelled zooids larger than non-ovicelled zooids. Ooecium immersed, flattened hood; ectooecium granular with frontal semicircular to circular membranous area.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE9211FF5FFFAE6FC823C97.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Vieira et al. (2010 a) transferred this species from Rhynchozoon Hincks, 1895 to Cigclisula based on the frontal shield, peristomial complex and ooecium, but comparison with C. occlusa, the type species of the genus, shows clear differences in the ectooecium compared to Trematooecia, to which genus R. arborescens must be transferred. Large, erect species of Trematooecia have routinely been assigned to Cigclisula, including not only the example of C. arborescens (Vieira et al. 2010 a) but also C. verticalis (Hageman et al. 1998, following Hastings 1932 and Harmer 1957) and C. gemmea (Winston & Woollacott 2009). However, both erect and encrusting colonies can be found in Cigclisula and Trematooecia. We argue that these two genera can be distinguished morphologically only by ooecial structure, hence the absence of fertile colonies may make species assignment difficult. Uniquely in the genus, Trematooecia arborescens has immersed ooecia and short blunt processes around the secondary orifice. This species resembles T. gemmea and T. verticalis in having erect bilaminar colonies and a marginally punctured frontal shield, but differs in the immersed ooecium and an ectooecium with a frontal circular membranous area. Other differences between T. arborescens and T. gemmea are the secondary orifice (with solid tubercles in T. gemmea and low blunt processes in T. arborescens). Trematooecia verticalis is distinguished by the absence of tubercles around the secondary orifice and lack of suboral avicularia.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE9211FF5FFFAE6FC823C97.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia to São Paulo).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE5211DF5FFFD65FB043FF5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trematooecia clivulata is characterized by zooids that are almost flat, a secondary orifice bordered by 4 – 5 solid tubercles, no suboral avicularia, a frontal avicularium associated with each zooid and an ectooecium with a narrow membranous window (Tilbrook 2006). The species was previously misidentified as C. turrita, but the two species are distinguished by the shape of the primary orifice (larger in T. clivulata) and the surface of the ectooecium (slit-like membranous window in T. clivulata, pseudoporous in C. turrita).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE5211DF5FFFD65FB043FF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Indo-Pacific: China Sea, Fiji, Philippines, Solomon Islands and Taiwan.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE5211DF5FFFB5DFDD33E81.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The ectooecium with a median inverted U-shaped membranous area requires reassignment of this species to Trematooecia. It is distinguished from all congeners by large spatulate interzooidal avicularia of varying sizes distributed on the outer edges of colonies (see Winston & Woollacott 2009).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE5211DF5FFFB5DFDD33E81.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caribbean: Barbados.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE5211BF5FFF9BEFD1139E3.taxon	description	(Fig. 27, Table 6)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE5211BF5FFF9BEFD1139E3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: USNM 8513, Holoporella hexagonalis, F. Canu & R. Bassler det., Albatross Station D. 2813, Galápagos Islands.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE5211BF5FFF9BEFD1139E3.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Zooids hexagonal, becoming polygonal with increasing calcification, generally longer than wide, delimited by slightly raised sinuous margins. Frontal shield heavily calcified, uniformly punctured by 36 – 51 pseudopores, granular. Primary orifice somewhat hoof-shaped, longer than wide, with arcuate anter delimited from broader concave poster by 2 downcurved condyles at about one-third zooid length. Secondary orifice surrounded by 4 solid tubercles. Frontal avicularia small, elliptical, usually 1, rarely 2, per zooid, placed at proximal zooidal margin. Interzooidal avicularia absent. Ooecium subglobose, as long as wide; ectooecium granular with median slit-like membranous area.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE5211BF5FFF9BEFD1139E3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. When Canu & Bassler (1930 a) described this species they stated that the specimen lacked ooecia. Examination of the holotype by SEM, however, showed that two zooids have ooecia, each with a proximally facing slit-like ectooecial frontal membranous window (not visible in Figs 27 E – F owing to specimen orientation) that is typical for Trematooecia. Trematooecia hexagonalis is characterized by a frontal shield with 36 – 51 more-or-less evenly distributed pseudopores, four solid tubercles around the secondary orifice, no suboral or interzooidal avicularia and a granular ectooecium with a median inverted slit-like membranous window. Trematooecia hexagonalis resembles T. clivulata and Trematooecia ligulata Ayari & Taylor, 2008 in having encrusting colonies, tubercles around the secondary orifice and an ectooecium with a frontal slit, but differs in the uniformly punctured frontal shield, elliptical frontal avicularia and lack of interzooidal avicularia. Owing to the uniformly punctured frontal shield and the presence of tubercles around the secondary orifice, specimens from Atlantic coast of Panama (= Cigclisula perforata n. sp.; see above) and the Pacific (= Cigclisula osburni n. sp., see above; see also Osburn 1952; Soule 1961; Soule & Soule 1964) are assigned to T. hexagonalis. This species is distinguished by the ectooecium with a median inverted U-shape membranous area, while that in C. perforata n. sp. and C. osburni n. sp. has irregular pseudopores. Trematooecia hexagonalis is known only from the type locality in the Galápagos Islands. According to Canu and Bassler (1930 a), the species encrusts shells.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE5211BF5FFF9BEFD1139E3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific: Galápagos Islands.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE3211BF5FFFD5CFDC83FEC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trematooecia ligulata was previously misidentified as Holoporella turrita in Mediterranean waters, but it is distinguished by its ectooecium with a frontal slit-like membranous area (Ayari et al. 2008). Two other species of Trematooecia with encrusting colonies and fissured ectooecium are T. clivulata and T. hexagonalis. Trematooecia ligulata differs from T. clivulata and T. hexagonalis, however, in having a suboral avicularium (Ayari et al. 2008).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE3211BF5FFFD5CFDC83FEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mediterranean Sea.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE3211BF5FFFB54FD923DCF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We have examined Canada-Balsam slide mounts deposited at MZUSP that are too poorly preserved for adequate redescription. Trematooecia osburni has encrusting colonies, only marginal frontal-shield pores, a transversely D-shaped primary orifice without condyles, a non-tubercular secondary orifice, elliptical frontal avicularia, spatulate interzooidal avicularia and no suboral avicularia (Marcus 1955). The species resembles T. aviculifera, T. protecta and T. ridleyi in having encrusting colonies, a subglobose ooecium and an ectooecium with a circular frontal membranous area, but differs in lacking peristomial tubercles and a suboral avicularium. Trematooecia osburni is known only from the type locality in Brazil. According to Marcus (1955) colonies are white and were found encrusting another bryozoan at 35 m depth.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE3211BF5FFFB54FD923DCF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Atlantic: Brazil.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE32119F5FFF97FFD323A0E.taxon	description	(Figs 28 – 29, Table 6)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE32119F5FFF97FFD323A0E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: USNM 11831, Trematooecia protecta, R. Osburn det., 1940, P. R. 2381, off Guanica Harbor, Puerto Rico, 18 m. Additional specimens: USNM 603779, Holoporella protecta, Puerto Rico, 2370, off Guanica Harbor, 9 m., Acc. No. 208837; USNM 603780, Acc. No. 208837, Trematooecia protecta, R. Osburn det., 1915, off Guanica Harbor, 33 m.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE32119F5FFF97FFD323A0E.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Zooids of initial layer almost rectangular, those from frontally budded layers irregularly polygonal, generally longer than wide, delimited by a raised line. Frontal shield heavily calcified, marginally punctured by 8 – 33 pseudopores. Primary orifice small relative to frontal shield, more or less transversely D-shaped, wider than long, sunken, with arcuate anter and wider, weakly concave poster, delimited by 2 barely developed condylar swellings near the proximolateral corners. Secondary orifice surrounded by 4 – 6 (often 4) solid tubercles. Suboral, elliptical, laterally directed avicularium sometimes between the oral tubercles. Frontal avicularia elliptical, usually 1, rarely 2, per zooid, placed at zooidal proximal margin. Interzooidal avicularia as long as zooids, large, with obovate rostrum, wider than long, proximal edge rounded, distal edge deeply concave; calcified palate occupying more than half rostral length, foramen rounded. Ooecium subglobose, wider than long, inclined to zooid surface; ectooecium heavily calcified, sometimes with grooves and tubercles, with frontal semicircular membranous area.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE32119F5FFF97FFD323A0E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Osburn (1940) did not described the weak lateral condyles mentioned by Shier (1964) and seen by SEM (Fig. 29 B). Osburn (1940) and Shier (1964) also described only small elliptical frontal avicularia in T. protecta, but examination of specimens from Puerto Rico, however, revealed the presence of large obovate interzooidal avicularia in this species (Fig. 29 C). Trematooecia protecta is characterized by the shape of the primary orifice with its weak condyles, suboral avicularium, interzooidal avicularia with obovate rostrum, elliptical frontal avicularia and ectooecium with frontal circular membranous area. The species resembles T. aviculifera, T. osburni and T. ridleyi in having encrusting colonies, a subglobose ooecium and an ectooecium with a frontal circular membranous area, but it differs in having at least weakly developed condyles. Other differences pertain to the frontal avicularia and position of the ooecium (inclined in T. protecta, horizontal in T. aviculifera). Trematooecia osburni also differs in lacking suboral avicularium and solid tubercles around the secondary orifice.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE32119F5FFF97FFD323A0E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Atlantic: Florida to Colombia.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE12106F5FFF9B6FD923CD0.taxon	description	(Figs 30 – 31, Table 7)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE12106F5FFF9B6FD923CD0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: NHMUK 1888.4. 16.2, Cellepora ridleyi, R. Kirkpatrick det., 1888, Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Additional specimens: NHMUK 1899.7. 1.3348, Trematooecia turrita, G. Busk coll., John Adams Bank (Victoria Bank, Espirito Santo, Brazil); UFBA 465, Trematooecia ridleyi, A. C. Almeida det., 2013, Banco Besnard, 19 ° 40 ’ S and 38 ° 08 ’ W. UFBA 623, Trematooecia ridleyi, A. C. Almeida det., 2013, Baía de Todos os Santos, 13 ° 10 ’ S and 38 ° 25 ’ W, 15 m.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE12106F5FFF9B6FD923CD0.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, uni- to multilaminar. Zooids polygonal, globose, longer than wide, delimited by raised margins. Frontal shield heavily calcified, marginally punctured by 10 – 20 pores and frequently bearing a tubercle-like process. Primary orifice large relative to frontal shield, centered, more or less transversely D-shaped, wider than long, sunken, with arcuate anter and weakly concave poster. No condyles. Peristomial tubercles 3 – 5 (often 5), solid. Suboral, elliptical, laterally directed avicularium. Frontal avicularia elliptical, rare, often 1 per zooid (rarely 2), placed at proximal zooidal margin. Interzooidal avicularia as long as zooids, longer than wide, with spatulate rostrum, proximal edge rounded and distal edge deeply concave; calcified palate attaining half rostral length; foramen oval. Ooecium subglobose, horizontal to zooid surface, ectooecium heavily calcified, with groove lines and tubercles and a frontal semicircular membranous area.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE12106F5FFF9B6FD923CD0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trematooecia ridleyi is characterized by encrusting colonies, 10 – 20 marginal pores in the frontal wall shield, 3 – 5 solid peristomial tubercles, spatulate interzooidal avicularia and an ectooecium with a frontal circular membranous area. Three other species of Trematooecia also have encrusting colonies and a similar ectooecium: T. aviculifera, T. osburni and T. protecta. Differences pertain to the frontal avicularia (none in T. aviculifera) and the number of peristomial tubercles (3 – 5 in T. ridleyi, 4 – 6 in T. aviculifera). Trematooecia ridleyi differs from T. osburni in having a suboral avicularium and peristomial processes. Trematooecia protecta has a forward-angled ooecium and 4 – 6 peristomial tubercles.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFE12106F5FFF9B6FD923CD0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Atlantic: Brazil.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFD2105F5FFFF1CFDBB388B.taxon	description	(Figs 32 – 33, Table 7)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFD2105F5FFFF1CFDBB388B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Syntype: NHMUK 1910.9. 19.1, Escharoides (Cellepora) verticalis (Maplestone), National Museum Melbourne, C. M. Maplestone det., Dr Verco, Adelaide, col., Backstairs Passage, South Australia, 14 – 24 ftm (25.6 – 43.9 m). Additional specimen: NMV [Uncatalogued specimen], Trematooecia verticalis, Australia.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFD2105F5FFFF1CFDBB388B.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, multilaminar, flabellate, with some vertical laminae. Zooids hexagonal, longer than wide, delimited by slightly raised margins. Frontal shield heavily calcified, marginally punctured by 16 – 22 pores, minutely tubercular. Primary orifice small relative to frontal shield, somewhat hoof-shaped, longer than wide, sunken, with arcuate anter and broader moderately concave poster delimited by 2 downcurved condyles at about one-third orifice length. Secondary orifice non-tubercular. Suboral avicularium elliptical, laterally placed, distally directed, of two sizes, one small, the other doubled-sized. Frontal avicularia small, elliptical, rare, single, placed at zooidal margins. Interzooidal avicularium absent. Ooecium subglobose, inclined toward zooid surface, minutely tubercular; ectooecium with slit-like membranous area.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFD2105F5FFFF1CFDBB388B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Maplestone (1910) described the ooecia as “ globose, surface granulated; in the center of the frontal wall, above the aperture, is a large, long, upright, elliptical area (sometimes slightly irregular in shape), with a membranous covering ”. The ectooecium is thus typical of Trematooecia as herein defined. Trematooecia verticalis is distinguished from other Trematooecia by: erect, multilaminar, flabellate colonies, marginally punctured frontal shield, subglobose ooecium and an ectooecium with a slit-like membranous area resembling that in T. gemmea; its differs in lacking peristomial tubercles and having a suboral avicularium.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFD2105F5FFFF1CFDBB388B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific: Australia.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFA2101F5FFF8FFFD953A26.taxon	description	(Fig. 34, Table 7)	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFA2101F5FFF8FFFD953A26.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: UFBA 533, Trematooecia sp., A. C. Almeida det., Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil, 1994, 26 m. Paratype: UFBA 550, Trematooecia sp., A. C. Almeida det., Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil, 2000, 28 m. Additional specimens: UFBA 536, Trematooecia sp., A. C. Almeida det., Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil, 2002, 50 m; UFBA 548, Trematooecia sp., A. C. Almeida det., Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil, 2002, 23 m.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFA2101F5FFF8FFFD953A26.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Encrusting Trematooecia with unilamellar colony and elevated elliptical avicularia on tubercles.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFA2101F5FFF8FFFD953A26.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin rotunda, circle, alluding to the rounded autozooids.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFA2101F5FFF8FFFD953A26.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, unilamellar. Zooids hexagonal, becoming rounded-polygonal with increasing calcification, as long as wide, delimited by distinct grooves. Frontal shield heavily calcified, with a few frontal pseudopores and 8 – 15 marginal areolar pores. Primary orifice large relative to frontal shield, centered, more or less hoof-shaped, wider than long, with arcuate anter and broad concave poster delimited by 2 downcurved condyles at about one-third orifice length. Secondary orifice surrounded by 3 – 4 (often 4) solid tubercles that frequently bear an elliptical avicularium. Each autozooid with a large suboral tapering umbo. Suboral avicularium absent. Frontal avicularia small (0.043 – 0.079 mm long, 0.043 – 0.068 mm wide), elliptical, single (rarely 2), placed at proximal margin of zooid. Interzooidal avicularium large, rostrum obovate; calcified palate occupying more than half rostral length; foramen rounded. Ooecium subglobose, inclined toward zooid surface, often with 1 – 3 tubercles and a single avicularium; ectooecium with slit-like membranous area.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFA2101F5FFF8FFFD953A26.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trematooecia rotunda n. sp. is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of unilamellar colony and avicularium-bearing tubercles. Related species with encrusting colonies and a slit-like membranous area in the ectooecium are T. clivulata and T. hexagonalis. Trematooecia rotunda n. sp. differs from T. clivulata in having a hoof-shaped primary orifice (transversely D-shaped in T. clivulata) and obovate interzooidal avicularia (spatulate in T. clivulata). Differences from T. hexagonalis include frontal shield punctuation (uniformly porous in T. hexagonalis) and the obovate interzooidal avicularia (absent in T. hexagonalis).	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
F20487E3FFFA2101F5FFF8FFFD953A26.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Atlantic: Brazil.	en	Almeida, Ana C. S., Souza, Facelucia B. C., Menegola, Carla M. S., Sanner, Joann, Vieira, Leandro M. (2014): Taxonomic review of the family Colatooeciidae Winston, 2005 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3868 (1): 1-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3868.1.1
