taxonID	type	description	language	source
F2338795FFF3FFD023D32C00FC05F8B0.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CANADA. British Columbia: Northwest coast of North America, inland behind Banks Island (between Haida Gwaii and mainland), 1792, Menzies s. n. (holotype BM!). Fig. 1.	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF3FFD023D32C00FC05F8B0.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — U. S. A. California: near Colby, Butte County, 1896, R. M. Austin s. n. (neotype, designated here, NDG!). Fig. 3.	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF3FFD023D32C00FC05F8B0.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — U. S. A. Washington: Cascade Mountains, 1838 – 1842, Wilkes Expedition 484 (Lectotype US!). Morphology and cytology: — Leaf blades 0.7 – 1 × as long as wide, reniform to orbicular (rarely emarginate), often diplophyllous (especially in the southern part of the range), margins crenate (in the north) to subentire (in the south) (Figs. 1, 3); flowers (1 –) 2 (– 3) per stem; filaments filiform, 0.1 – 0.2 (– 0.3) mm wide (Giblin et al. in press), narrower and often longer than anthers (Figs. 1, 11 A); pollen pantoporate to pantocolpate (Fig. 7); follicles with stylar beak 0.1 – 0.2 mm in length (Giblin et al. in press); hexaploid (2 n = 6 x = 48, Wefferling et al. 2015; holoploid genome size ca. 10 – 18 pg / 2 C, Wefferling et al. 2017).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF3FFD023D32C00FC05F8B0.taxon	description	Taxonomic notes: — Regarding the original type specimen of Caltha leptosepala var. howellii, collected by J. Howell in 1882 in the Cascade Mountains and deposited in “ HGB ” (HGB was Howell’s abbreviation for “ Herbarium generale Berolinense ” at Berlin, The Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, current acronym B; B. Hellenthal, Museum of Biodiversity and Greene-Nieuwland Herbarium, pers. comm.): “ … If the specimen has ever been part of our herbarium [B] then it was probably lost in WW 2 ” (R. Vogt, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, pers. comm.). Another specimen collected by Howell (NDG 17323) would be an ideal neotype, but lacks clear morphology of the carpels, among other important features. Therefore, NDG 17325 (Fig. 3), collected by R. M. Austin near Colby, Butte Co. in 1896 is selected as neotype as (1) it is mentioned by Greene (1899), (2) the leaves bear resemblance to those drawn in Huth’s (1892) treatment (his figure 8), and (3) it is a complete specimen showing stamens, nearly mature and immature carpels, etc. The diplophyllous nature of the leaves (Huth 1892) is not so clear in this specimen, but one upturned auricle can be seen in the leftmost leaf. Geographic distribution: — Lowland to subalpine in and west of Coast Ranges and Cascade-Sierra axis; from southeast Alaska south through coastal British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, and western Nevada (Wefferling et al. 2017, Giblin et al. in press).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF3FFD023D32C00FC05F8B0.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined (* pollen sampled for SEM, n = 12; † ploidy level estimated via FCM or chromosome count [Wefferling et al. 2017], n = 27): — CANADA: British Columbia: N. end of first firebreak on Croman Rd. Woss Area Vancouver Island, 50.175566, - 126.363954, elevation 390 m, Stevenson S. 518 *, 6 / 5 / 1975 (V). British Columbia: 14.5 miles on road from Shawnigan Lake to Port Renfrew, 48.616667, - 123.899996, elevation 580 m, Calder, J. A. and K. T. MacKay 29381, 21 - May- 1961 (US). British Columbia: Mountain at head of McClintock Bay, Masset Inlet, Graham Island, 53.640189, - 132.574431, elevation 310 m, Calder, J. A., D. B. O. Savile, and R. L. Taylor 21584 *, 18 - Jun- 1957 (V). British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Brooks Quadrant, Harris Peak, Brooks Peninsula, 50.225, - 127.725, elevation 825 m, Ogilvie, R. T., W. J. Schofield and R. J. Hebda 848912, 9 - Aug- 1984 (V). British Columbia: Three Arm creek, San Juan River Valley, 48.587475, - 124.124074, elevation 900 m, Hebda, R. and G. Allen 91 - 17, 9 - Jul- 1991 (V). British Columbia: ca. 1 / 4 mile beyond end of Feona Rd. (Canadian Forest Products’ setting # M- 50), ca. 20 miles S of Woss, northern Vancouver Island, 49.930832, - 126.563567, elevation 823 m, Bavis, P. 770608 - 001, 8 - Jun- 1977 (V). British Columbia, North Coast, Princess Royal Island, NW end of island, ridge E of Home Bay, 53.274999, - 129.05722, elevation 639 m, Marr, K. L. and C. Copley KM 6340, 25 - Jun- 2005 (V). U. S. A.: Alaska: Thorne Bay, Lyman Anchorage Cove, 55.6, - 132.58, elevation 91 m, Koval, V. L. 5 *, 19 - May- 1991 (ALA). Alaska: Deer Mtn., 3.5 miles southeast of Ketchikan, 55.38, - 131.57, elevation 730 m, Jaques 1209, 2 - Jul- 1972 (OSC). Alaska: Ketchikan, Harriet Hunt Lake road, 55.478649, - 131.607508, elevation 230 m, Williams, M. 3094, 5 - Jul- 1972 (WTU). California: Kimshew Point quad. High Cascade Range, below the head of Keyser Creek and just below the dirt road, 0.5 km E of Bald Mountain Lookout, 39.9525, - 121.4775, elevation 1695 m, Janeway, L. P. 7564 *, 26 - May- 2002 (CSU). California: Lassen National Forest (NF), 3.3 miles on rd. 110, off Hwy. A 21, 40.502731, - 121.129142, elevation 1920 m, Meyer, K. M. and A. Townesmith 145 †, 21 - Jul- 2007 (DAV). California: McKay Camp Meadows, 40.91, - 123.04, elevation 1524 m, Mesler 909, 12 - Jul- 2011 (HSU). California: Dunsmuir Quad. Bog around Cedar Lake, ca. 11 mi. SW of Mt. Shasta City, 41.2109, - 122.5045, elevation 1737 m, Taylor, M. S. 2778, 4 - Jun- 1980 (MO). California: Kaiser Wilderness, Sierra NF, George Lake drainage, 37.295611, - 119.169917, elevation 2737 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Woo 21 *, 27 - Jun- 2012 (UWM). California: Kaiser Wilderness, Sierra NF, 20 m from Kaiser Pass Rd., 37.300556, - 119.104806, elevation 2743 m, Wefferling, K. M. 25 †, 28 - Jun- 2012 (UWM). California: Shasta-Trinity NF, meadow above and NW of Upper Gumboot Lake, 41.209722, - 122.516306, elevation 1904 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Woo 30 * †, 3 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). California: Shasta-Trinity NF, E of Pacific Crest Trail, above Fawn Meadow, 41.239972, - 122.508556, elevation 1997 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Woo 33 †, 5 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Nevada: Lake Tahoe Basin Mgmt Unit (USFS), Incline Lakes area, ca. 0.5 mi. SW of Incline Lake, 39.289, - 119.934, elevation 2500 m, Christie, K. 1808, 15 - Jun- 2010 (ASC). Nevada: Hobart Creek Reservoir, Lake Tahoe State Park, 6 miles E of Carson City, 39.1928, - 119.8697, elevation 2347 m, Johnson, J. M. 097 *, 1 - Jun- 1997 (NYBG). Oregon: Rogue River NF, Oregon hwy 230 to FS road 6510 to 6515, two miles south of summit of Hershberger Mountain, 43.0197, - 122.4519, elevation 1676 m, Baldwin, C. 428, 28 - Jun- 1994 (ID). Oregon: Mt. Hood, at Government Camp on Hwy 26, 45.3, - 121.76, elevation 1158 m, Chambers, K. L. 1687, 31 - May- 1961 (NYBG). Oregon: Cascade Range, Willamette National Forest, Bruno Meadows area, about 5 air miles SE of Idanha, 44.6473, - 122.0011, elevation 1244 m, Halse, R. R. 5869 †, 13 - Jul- 2000 (OSC). Oregon: Cascade Range, Willamette National Forest, Bruno Meadows, along F. S. Road 2234, about 5 air miles SE of Idanha, 44.6474, - 122.007, elevation 1244 m, Halse, R. R. 4746, 9 - Jul- 1994 (RSA). Oregon: Fanno Bog, 44.851718, - 123.596, elevation 850 m, Wilson, B. L. 6986, 11 - Jun- 1994 (SRP). Oregon: Klamath NF, Mt Ashland, Pacific Crest Trail, 42.075694, - 122.726861, elevation 2000 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Woo 38 †, 6 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Oregon: Umpqua NF, Abbott Butte, just outside Rogue-Umpqua Divide Wilderness, 42.941167, - 122.547417, elevation 1790 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Woo 39 * †, 7 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Oregon: Umpqua NF, side of Silent Creek near Diamond Lake inlet, 43.126361, - 122.161111, elevation 1586 m, Wefferling, K. M. 43 †, 8 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Oregon: Mt. Hood NF, near trailhead for Elk Meadows and Sahalie Falls, 45.322361, - 121.634111, elevation 1359 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Woo 44 †, 16 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Oregon: Mt. Hood Wilderness, Mt. Hood NF, on trail to Paradise Park along PCT, 45.357445, - 121.752278, elevation 1686 m, Wefferling, K. M. 61 †, 8 - Aug- 2012 (UWM). Oregon: Umpqua NF, Umpqua side of Rogue-Umpqua Divide, S end Donegan Prairie, 42.920087, - 122.590767, elevation 1605 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Woo 42 †, 7 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Oregon: Mt. Hood NF, along creek below Mt. Hood Meadows Drive, 45.326963, - 121.660281, elevation 1585 m, Wefferling, K. M. 47 s †, 16 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Oregon: Mt. Hood Wilderness, NW end of Elk Meadows, 45.34525, - 121.620528, elevation 1570 m, Wefferling, K. M. 68 * †, 1 - Jul- 2013 (UWM). Oregon: Mt. Hood Wilderness, NW end of Elk Meadows, 45.34525, - 121.620528, elevation 1570 m, Wefferling, K. M. 69 * †, 1 - Jul- 2013 (UWM). Washington: Mink Lake, Olympic NP, 47.949332, - 123.868271, elevation 940 m, Harthill, M. P. 1069 *, 11 - Aug- 1972 (RSA). Washington: Mink Lake, Olympic NP, 47.9479, - 123.8677, elevation 950 m, Harthill, M. P. 988, 11 - Aug- 1972 (RSA). Washington: Gifford Pinchot NF, Indian Heaven Wilderness, outside of Carson, 46.00317, - 121.78873, elevation 1424 m, Meyer A. s. n., 24 - Sep- 2011 (UWM). Washington: Alpine Lakes Wilderness Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie NF, near outlet of Rainy Lake, 47.514215, - 121.537258, elevation 1116 m, Wefferling, L. 1, 10 - Jun- 2012 (UWM). Washington: Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie NF, Heather Lake, 48.071806, - 121.783917, elevation 740 m, Wefferling, K. M. 48 †, 21 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Washington: Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie NF, between Mason and Kulla Kulla Lakes, 47.426806, - 121.54625, elevation 1341 m, Wefferling, K. M. 50 * †, 22 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Washington: Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie NF, outlet of Nimue Lake, 47.539556, - 121.397167, elevation 1138 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Wefferling 52, 23 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Washington: Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie NF, below Denny Mountain, 47.436972, - 121.456333, elevation 1114 m, Wefferling, K. M. and B. Wefferling 54 †, 30 - Jul- 2012 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, below road W of Takhlakh Lake, 46.274691, - 121.606949, elevation 1265 m, Wefferling, K. M. 55 †, 1 - Aug- 2012 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Takhlakh Meadow, 46.270444, - 121.58875, elevation 1382 m, Wefferling, K. M. 57 †, 1 - Aug- 2012 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Takhlakh Meadow, 46.269707, - 121.588677, elevation 1400 m, Wefferling, K. M. 58 †, 1 - Aug- 2012 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Takhlakh Meadow, 46.269707, - 121.588677, elevation 1400 m, Wefferling, K. M. 59 s †, 1 - Aug- 2012 (UWM). Washington: Sauk Mountain, 48.523121, - 121.598597, elevation 1550 m, Shrum, J. SM 5 †, 22 - Jul- 2015 (UWM). Washington: Olympic National Park, Boulder Creek, lower site, 47.976209, - 123.697533, elevation 677 m, Hunter, G. BL 4 †, 15 - Jul- 2015 (UWM). Washington: Olympic National Park, Little River, 48.04704, - 123.504876, elevation 330 m, Hunter, G. LR 1 †, 15 - Jul- 2015 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Takhlakh Meadow, 46.268447, - 121.586248, elevation 1400 m, Wefferling, K. M. CR 1 * †, 1 - Jan- 2014 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Babyshoe Pass, 46.268139, - 121.604472, elevation 1320 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Wefferling 72 s, 15 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Takhlakh Meadow, 46.268447, - 121.586248, elevation 1400 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Wefferling 94 s †, 15 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Babyshoe Pass, 46.268139, - 121.604472, elevation 1320 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Wefferling 74 s, 15 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Washington: Olympic Peninsula, Rd. # 303 between Rugged Ridge and Pine Mt., 47.948646, - 123.961192, elevation 884 m, Buckingham, N. 02023, 29 - Jun- 1979 (WTU). Washington: Cascade Mountains of Western Washington, Mt. Gardner, collected at the intersection of roads 155, 155.5, and 155.6, 47.3667, - 121.5514, elevation 1100 m, Stout, T. SAR 4 †, 23 - Jun- 2001 (WTU).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF6FFD223D32BC9FD04FC88.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — U. S. A. Colorado: near Pagosa Peak, 11,000 ft., 1899; Baker s. n. (isolectotypes BM! K! NDG!). Fig. 4.	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF6FFD223D32BC9FD04FC88.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — U. S. A. Montana: Haystack Peak, 3000 – 3300 m., August 1899, Koch s. n. (holotype NY!). Morphology and cytology: — Leaf blades 1.2 – 2.5 (– 3) × as long as wide, + / - sagittate or auriculate, the generally short auricles little overlapping or not at all, rarely diplophyllous (upturned over the leaf blade), margins mostly sinuatedentate to subentire (Fig. 4); flowers 1 (– 3) per stem; filaments strongly flattened, 0.5 – 1 (– 1.2) mm wide (Giblin et al. in press), wider and generally shorter than anthers (Figs. 4, 11 B); pollen tricolpate (rarely misshapen) (Fig. 8); follicles with ± curved stylar beak 0.5 – 1.2 mm in length (Giblin et al. in press); hexaploid (2 n = 6 x = 48, Wefferling et al. 2015; holoploid genome size ca. 7 – 10 pg / 2 C, Wefferling et al. 2017).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF6FFD223D32BC9FD04FC88.taxon	description	Taxonomic notes: — The specimen pictured in Figure 4 (NDG 17369) is at the Greene-Nieuwland Herbarium, determined by E. L. Greene and labeled with his own hand (B. Hellenthal, pers. comm.). Smit (1973) designated Baker 322 as lectotype, but Greene did not indicate a collection number; the collector, collection locality, and date match his 1899 description of Caltha chionophila. Geographic distribution: — Subalpine and alpine habitats in the Rockies and Basin and Range: central Idaho, western Montana, southeastern Oregon, northeastern Nevada, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico (Wefferling et al. 2017, Giblin et al. in press).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF6FFD223D32BC9FD04FC88.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined (* pollen sampled for SEM, n = 14; † ploidy level estimated via FCM or chromosome count [Wefferling et al. 2017], n = 8): — U. S. A.: Arizona: Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, Clear Cut Spring, White Mtns., 33.903383, - 109.484811, elevation 2835 m, Rink, G. and L. Stevens s. n. *, 27 - Jun- 2010 (ASC). Colorado: Wet Mountains, Wet Mountain Valley, Sangre Cristo Range and vicinity, Sawatch Range, San Isabel NF, Monarch Park, ca. 1.8 road mi. on County Road 231, 38.5153, - 106.3234, elevation 3200 m, Hall, C., B. Jacobs, and A. Morgan 1565 * †, 29 - Jun- 1998 (NYBG). Colorado: Roosevelt NF, Niwot Ridge at the LTER site, 35 km W of Boulder, 40.0757, - 105.593, elevation 3000 m, Schuettpelz, E. J. 001, 13 - Jul- 2000 (UWM). Colorado: Roosevelt NF, Ward Quad., Shoreline of Brainard Lake, 40.0769, - 105.57571, elevation 3158 m, Majack, M. 2 - 1 * †, 1 - Jan- 2014 (UWM). Idaho: Challis NF, Merriam Lake Basin, series of hummocky alpine marshy meadows at the base of rock talus along the edge of Merriam Lake, 44.12, - 113.75, elevation 2930 m, Bursik, R. 1240 *, 7 - Jul- 1988 (ID). Idaho: Salmon NF, lakeside meadow of upper lake at head of Middle Fork Little Timber Creek, 44.549619, - 113.531627, elevation 2801 m, Brunsfeld, S. J. 1737 *, 14 - Jul- 1981 (ID). Idaho: Head of Big Eightmile Creek, 44.574, - 113.602, elevation 2800 m, Henderson, D. 3365, 14 - Jul- 1976 (SRP). Idaho: Spring and stringer at head of Jordan Creek southwest of Jordan Peak, ca 18 airmiles NNE of Stanley, 44.466, - 114.776, elevation 2780 m, Errter, B., B. Corbin, C. Scott, J. Irwin, and W. Irwin 20192 *, 17 - Jul- 2010 (SRP). Idaho: Sawtooth NRA, S end Decker Flat, S of junction of FR 315 and FR 037, 44.019044, - 114.858893, elevation 2090 m, Wefferling, K. M. 276 h *, 23 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Idaho: Summit Creek, Pioneer Mtns., Challis NF, at pass between Summit Creek and R. Fork Kane Creek, 43.80247, - 114.203175, elevation 2890 m, Wefferling, K. M. 299 lepto †, 1 - Jan- 2014 (UWM). Idaho: Summit Creek, Pioneer Mtns., Challis NF, at pass between Summit Creek and R. Fork Kane Creek, 43.801472, - 114.201444, elevation 2900 m, Wefferling, K. M. 291 h, 24 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Idaho: E side Sawtooth Range, Sawtooth NRA, Elk Meadows (NE side, edge of meadow / forest), 44.266698, - 115.094952, elevation 2060 m, Wefferling, K. M. 212 lepto * †, 1 - Jan- 2014 (UWM). Idaho: White Cloud Peaks, Sawtooth NRA, 4 th of July Lake Creek, 44.050251, - 114.649835, elevation 2724 m, Wefferling, K. M. 242 h, 23 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Idaho: White Cloud Peaks, Sawtooth NRA, Inlet to 4 th of July Lake, 44.044306, - 114.631222, elevation 2860 m, Wefferling, K. M. 258 h, 23 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Idaho: Cirque at head of Rock Creek, below N face of Borah peak, Lost River Range, Challis NF, ca 17 miles NW of Mackay, 44.13717, - 113.801859, elevation 3018 m, Moseley, B. 1211 *, 23 - Aug- 1987 (ID). Idaho: E side Sawtooth Range, Sawtooth NRA, Elk Meadows (NE side, edge of meadow / forest), 44.266698, - 115.094952, elevation 2060 m, Wefferling, K. M. 212 lh, 22 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Idaho: Kane Creek cirque, ca. 0.5 mi. E of Kane Lake, Pioneer Mtns., Challis NF, ca. 13 mi. NE of Ketchum, 43.786011, - 114.14451, elevation 3170 m, Moseley. B. 1181, 22 - Aug- 1987 (ID). Montana: La Marche Lake Meadows, 46.012634, - 113.300911, elevation 2522 m, Lackschewitz, K. H. 3880, 17 - Jul- 1972 (MONTU). Montana: Scapegoat Mtn., Continental Divide (General Summit, east side), 24 mi SW of Augusta, 47.31, - 112.8, elevation 2590 m, McDonald, C. H. 2091, 14 - Jul- 1966 (MONTU). Montana: Camp Pass in Lincoln-Scapegoat area above Camp Lake, 47.185, - 113.051, elevation 1830 m, Mooar, M. 9527, 16 - Jul- 1968 (MONTU). Montana: Beartooth Mtns, Stillwater Plateau 5 mi. N of Mt. Wood, Custer NF, 7 mi. S of Nye, 45.331487, - 109.825172, elevation 3109 m, Evert, E. s. n., 26 - Jul- 1992 (RM). Montana: Yellow-flowered plants abundant in wet soil along a small stream at the head of Nicholia Creek, 44.384363, - 112.856781, elevation 2700 m, Lesica, P. s. n., 2 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). New Mexico: Sangre Cristo Mtns., west slope of Wheeler Peak, above Williams Lake, 36.559, - 105.4177, elevation 3658 m, Holmgren, N. H. and P. K. Holmgren 7330 *, 21 - Aug- 1973 (NYBG). New Mexico: Sante Fé Basin, Ski Slide Area, 35.8, - 105.7, elevation 3170 m, Throne, A. L. 12538, 26 - Jul- 1960 (UWM). Nevada: Ruby Mountains, Island Lake on west side of Lamoille Canyon, 40.6108, - 115.3828, elevation 2987 m, Tiehm, A. and M. Williams 9675 *, 14 - Jun- 1985 (ID). Nevada: Ruby Mountains, Lamoille Canyon, 40.648, - 115.385, elevation 2900 m, Throne, A. L. 13776, 25 - Jul- 1949 (UWM). Oregon: in seep by small creek half way down from Steens summit ridge to Wildhorse Lake by trail, 42.63373, - 118.582351, elevation 2670 m, Mansfield, D. 94 - 50, 26 - Jul- 1994 (CIC). Oregon: Steens Mountain, 42.674949, - 118.588356, elevation 2700 m, Johanson, J. 07 - 10 *, 21 - Jul- 2007 (WTU). Utah: Uinta Mtns., along State Route 150, 2.4 km (1.5 mi) N of the Duchesne County line, 40.743, - 110.871, elevation 3030 m, Holmgren, N. H. and P. K. Holmgren 15424 * †, 10 - Jun- 2006 (NYBG). Utah: Wasatch Plateau, Manti Creek drainage in the South Fork of Manti Canyon, 2.6 km road distance below Skyline Drive, 39.219167, - 111.502222, elevation 3040 m, Holmgren, N. H. and P. K. Holmgren 16196 †, 15 - Aug- 2009 (NYBG). Utah: North Slope Uinta Mountains, Wasatch NF, Gunsight Pass, ca. 33 air mi. S of Mountain View, 40.811651, - 110.362809, elevation 3625 m, Refsdal, C. H. 6799 with L. Refsdal, 8 - Aug- 1995 (RM). Wyoming: West Slope Wind River Range: vicinity of Meeks Lake and Iron Creek Meadows, ca. 1.25 air mi N of Big Sandy Campground, ca. 30 air mi ESE of Pinedale, 42.699878, - 109.266609, elevation 2805 m, Fertig, W. 7481, 11 - Jun- 1991 (RM). Wyoming: Medicine Bow Mountains, N of Headquarters Park off FR 200, 1 air mile N of Wyo Hwy 130, ca. 24 air miles SE of Saratoga, 41.3386, - 106.3726, elevation 3050 m, Lukas, L. E. 2286 †, 13 - Jul- 2007 (USFS / RM). Wyoming: Medicine Bow NF, alpine meadows above Lake Marie, 41.343889, - 106.333667, elevation 3496 m, Wefferling, K. M. 19 * †, 21 - Jun- 2012 (UWM).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF7FFCF23D3283AFE56FCD4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — U. S. A. Alaska: Prince William Sound, 1792, Menzies s. n. (holotype BM!). Fig. 2.	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF7FFCF23D3283AFE56FCD4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — U. S. A. Rocky Mountains, 1872, A. Gray s. n. (isotype GH!).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF7FFCF23D3283AFE56FCD4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CANADA. Alberta: Yellowhead Pass, Rocky Mountains on Alberta-British Columbia boundary, Jasper National Park, 13 July 1898, Spreadborough 19250 (holotype CAN!).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF7FFCF23D3283AFE56FCD4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CANADA. British Columbia: Mount Queest, 28 July 1889, Macoun 1255 (syntype US!).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF7FFCF23D3283AFE56FCD4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — U. S. A. Idaho: Custer County, Mount Borah, Rock Creek, 12 August 1944, Hitchcock & Muhlick 10942 (isotypes US! WTU!). Morphology and cytology: — Leaf blades 1 – 1.4 (– 1.7) × as long as wide, + / - sagittate to cordate to obovate, auricles variable (diplophyllous or not, sinus open or closed), margins crenate or dentate (more so near base, tending toward entire near the apex) (Fig. 2); filaments broadly filiform to flattened, 0.2 – 0.7 (– 0.9) mm wide (Giblin et al. in press), slightly narrower to as wide as anthers (Figs. 2, 11 C); pollen (3 –) 4 – 8 (– 12) colpate (rarely - porate) or misshapen (Fig. 9); follicles with curved stylar beak ~ 0.1 mm in length (Giblin et al. in press); allododecaploid (2 n = 12 x = 96, Wefferling et al. 2015; holoploid genome size ca. 18 – 25.5 pg / 2 C, Wefferling et al. 2017), rarely allononaploid (2 n = 9 x = 72, Wefferling et al. 2015; holoploid genome size ca. 13.8 – 16.8 pg / 2 C, Wefferling et al. 2017); apparently formed (bidirectionally) through hybridization of Caltha biflora and C. chionophila.	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF7FFCF23D3283AFE56FCD4.taxon	description	Taxonomic notes: — Candolle (1818) designated as holotype the Menzies collections from Prince William Sound. This part of the complex’s range is well outside the ranges of Caltha biflora or C. chionophila; all specimens that we have seen from north of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska (near Haida Gwaii, British Columbia) are apparently allododecaploids. In 1970, P. G. Smit annotated the holotype (Fig. 2), indicating that the pollen was colpate. Geographic distribution: — Montane to subalpine in central Alaska and Yukon south through British Columbia to Olympic Mountain Range and Cascades of Washington and Oregon, Sierran California, east to western Alberta, central Idaho, northeastern and southeastern Oregon, and western Montana (Wefferling et al. 2017, Giblin et al. in press).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
F2338795FFF7FFCF23D3283AFE56FCD4.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined (* pollen sampled for SEM; n = 15; † ploidy level estimated via FCM or chromosome count [Wefferling et al. 2017], n = 33): — CANADA: Alberta: Sunshine Lodge, 51.131817, - 115.565006, elevation 2286 m, Ogilvie, R. T. s. n., 19 - Jul- 1959 (V). British Columbia: Mount Revelstoke National Park: Along trail to Millar Lake, 51.066667, - 118.1, elevation 1890 m, Soper, J. H. 12,754 with M. J. Shchepanek, 31 - Jul- 1970 (RBCM). British Columbia: Pan Creek, Ilgachuz Range, upper Pan Creek valley, 52.725, - 125.225, elevation 1737 m, Hebda, R. 87 - 32, 27 - Jul- 1987 (RBCM). British Columbia: Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Tweedsmuir Peak, 53.656667, - 126.501667, elevation 1717 m, Hebda, R and K. Marr KM 4086, 9 - Aug- 2002 (RBCM). British Columbia: Green Mountain, Vancouver Island, 49.051134, - 124.34007, elevation 1300 m, Marr, K., R. Hebda, L. Kennedy, and White 02 - 48 *, 5 - Jul- 2002 (RBCM). British Columbia: Muskwa Ranges, Needham Creek, headwaters of creek, 56.4083, - 123.4989, elevation 1750 m, Hebda, R., K. Marr, and W. MacKenzie KM 4777 †, 6 - Aug- 2003 (RBCM). British Columbia: Swannel Ranges, Chase Mountain, in valley bottom downstream from small lake 1 km S of summit, 56.558569, - 125.255536, elevation 1700 m, Hebda, R. and R. Forsyth KM 4857 m †, 7 - Aug- 2003 (RBCM). British Columbia: Rocky Mtn. foothills, Quintette Mtn., Roman Mtn. summit, 5 km WNW of Quintette Mtn, S of Babcock Creek, 54.888, - 120.941, elevation 1650 m, Hebda, R., K. L. Marr, and R. Forsyth KM 5613 †, 11 - Aug- 2003 (RBCM). British Columbia: Skeena Mountains, Klappan Mountain, small mountain 2 km W of Klappan Mtn. summit near road, 57.238333, - 128.910001, elevation 1751 m, Marr, K. L., R. Hebda, and S. Berger 05 - 0652 †, 6 - May- 2006 (RBCM). British Columbia: Coast Mountains, Hanna Ridge, S end Hanna Ridge, N of Meziadin Lake, 56.223056, - 129.436944, elevation 1752 m, Marr., K. L., R. Hebda, and W. MacKenzie 06 - 0013 * †, 13 - Jul- 2006 (RBCM). British Columbia: Coast Mountains, Copper Mtn., mountain summit east of town of Terrace, 54.5117, - 128.4536, elevation 1199 m, Marr., K. L., R. Hebda, and W. MacKenzie 06 - 0523 †, 18 - Jul- 2006 (RBCM). British Columbia: Stikine Ranges, Blue Sheep Lake, south of Little Blue Sheep Lake, 58.717113, - 128.258892, elevation 1685 m, Marr, K. L., R. Hebda, and W MacKenzie 07 - 1648 †, 12 - Aug- 2007 (RBCM). U. S. A.: Alaska: Hatcher Pass, 61.783331, - 149.266661, elevation 1200 m, Hawkins, L. L. s. n., 26 - Jun- 1976 (ALA). Alaska: Denali National Park and Preserve, Wildhorse Creek Valley, 5.9 km SW of toe of Kanikula Glacier, 7.3 km upstream of confluence of Wildhorse Creek and Tokositna River, Alaska Range, AK, 62.653, - 150.961, elevation 838 m, Larsen, A. and M. B. Cook 01 - 0092 †, 2 - Jul- 2001 (ALA). Alaska: Fairweather Range, mountain E of Brady Glacier, N of Taylor Bay, 58.463567, - 136.470102, elevation 360 m, Stratford, L. and J. Grunblatt LS 01 - 7, 20 - Jul- 2001 (ALA). Alaska: Guyot Hills, 60.168667, - 141.405991, elevation 933 m, Loomis, P. and A. Larsen 1256 †, 27 - Jul- 2003 (ALA). Alaska: Tongass NF, Alexander Archipelago, Baranof Island, near lake above Lake Diana, 56.8908, - 135.045301, elevation 655 m, Calhoun, K. and B. Krieckhaus 37, 1 - Jul- 2004 (ALA). Alaska: Afognak Island, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Blue Fox Bay, head of bay in vicinity of public use cabin, 58.413056, - 152.696111, elevation 15 m, Parker, C. L. and S. Studebaker 17293 †, 2 - Jul- 2008 (ALA). Alaska: Kodiak Island, SE region of island, Big Creek Valley, 11 km NNE of Old Harbor and E side of valley, 57.29537, - 153.29202, elevation 685 m, Parker, C. L. 17964, 5 - Aug- 2010 (ALA). Alaska: Steep Creek Basin, near Juneau, 58.393812, - 134.515948, elevation 585 m, Taylor, S. G. 55, 1 - Jul- 1968 (ALA). Alaska: Thompson Pass, Richardson Highway, 61.133256, - 145.750058, elevation 900 m, Parker, C. L. 2368, 21 - Jul- 1990 (RSA). Alaska: St. Elias Mtns, Chilkat R. headwaters, 5 km S of Klukwah Mt., 59.53, - 135.83, elevation 910 m, Parker, C. L., A. R. Batten, and D. Blank 9523 *, 16 - Jul- 2000 (UWM). Alaska: Chugach NF, Lost Lake trail from Seward side, 60.202889, - 149.427667, elevation 390 m, Wefferling, K. M. 64 †, 15 - Jun- 2013 (UWM). Alaska: Chugach State Park, Williwaw Lakes trail, 61.112389, - 149.660278, elevation 620 m, Wefferling, K. M. 65 †, 17 - Jun- 2013 (UWM). Alaska: Chugach NF, Falls Creek Trail, 61.003389, - 149.572778, elevation 629 m, Wefferling, K. M. 63 * †, 13 - Jun- 2013 (UWM). California: Lily Lake, W side of the Warner Mountains, Sierran montane forest, Fort Bidwell 15 ’ Quad., 41.976368, - 120.202733, elevation 2130 m, Bartolomew, B. 4327 and B. Anderson *, 24 - Jun- 1988 (NYBG). Idaho: Bear Valley Road (FS 579), Boise National Forest, old burned forest along small creek south of Bruce Meadows, 44.367061, - 115.27463, elevation 2184 m, Smith, J. F. s. n. †, 27 - Apr- 2015 (SRP). Idaho: Salmon-Challis NF, Salmon River Mtns. Beaver Creek drainage, ca. 10 air mi. NE from Cape Horn Guard Station, 44.446347, - 115.035753, elevation 2225 m, Tanaka, T. and C. Richardson 82 * †, 10 - Jul- 1996 (ID). Idaho: Moses Butte area, near intersection of FR 457, FR 220 and FR 363, in meadow just to south and west of road, 47.0091, - 115.8415, elevation 1875 m, Parks, M., L. Stratford, and R. McNeill 620 * †, 15 - Jul- 2004 (ID). Idaho: Salmon River Mtns, Boise NF, Lowman RD, Canyon Creek at pullout along ID 21, 44.288372, - 115.226992, elevation 2060 m, Wefferling, K. M. 180 h †, 21 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Idaho: Boise National Forest, Summit Lake, 44.649947, - 115.583245, elevation 2280 m, Smith, J. F. 2962 *, 26 - Jun- 1994 (SRP). Oregon: Mt. Hood Wilderness, NW end of Elk Meadows, 45.34525, - 121.620528, elevation 1570 m, Wefferling, K. M. CR 5 * †, 1 - Jan- 2015 (UWM). Montana: Lost Trail Bog, Lost Trail Pass, near continental divide, 45.693303, - 113.953169, elevation 2146 m, Mantas, M. 585 *, 5 - Jul- 1992 (ID). Oregon: Wallowa Whitman National Forest, Anthony Lakes area, streamside near trail from Anthony Lake to Hoffer Lake, 44.954083, - 118.233472, elevation 2212 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Woo 62 * †, 12 - Aug- 2012 (UWM). Oregon: Jefferson Park in the Cascade Mountains on the border of Marion county and Jefferson County, 44.712148, - 121.797064, elevation 1790 m, Anderson, J. JNS 2 - 1 * †, 1 - Jan- 2015 (UWM). Oregon: Mt. Hood Wilderness, NW end of Elk Meadows, 45.34525, - 121.620528, elevation 1570 m, Wefferling, K. M. 67 * †, 1 - Jul- 2013 (UWM). Oregon: Mt. Hood Wilderness, NW end of Elk Meadows, 45.34525, - 121.620528, elevation 1570 m, Wefferling, K. M. 70 †, 1 - Jul- 2013 (UWM). Oregon: Fremont NF, three miles N of Dead Horse Lake, at junction of Bald Butte Road # 450 and Road # 3411, 42.601, - 120.781, elevation 2073 m, Legler, B., S. Gage, W. Gibble, R. Goff, S. Birks, and K. Davis 1890 †, 2 - Jul- 2004 (WTU). Oregon: McCoy Creek on Steens Mountain, 42.725724, - 118.597244, elevation 2344 m, Lowry II, P. P. 469 *, 7 - Jul- 1976 (OSC). Washington: Mount Baker Nat’l Forest, Harts Pass, 48.72, - 120.67, elevation 2000 m, Muenscher, W. C. 10065, 23 - Jun- 1939 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Takhlakh Meadow, 46.269707, - 121.588677, elevation 1400 m, Wefferling, K. M. 60 †, 1 - Aug- 2012 (UWM). Washington: Mount Rainier National Park. Spray Park, 46.944372, - 121.750034, elevation 1892 m, Rochefort, R. SP 4 †, 22 - Jul- 2015 (UWM). Washington: Wenatchee Mountains, 47.42, - 120.94, elevation 1187 m, collector unknown [Washington Native Plant Society WNPS- 2 †], 1 - Jan- 2014 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Takhlakh Meadow, 46.268447, - 121.586248, elevation 1400 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Wefferling 87 s †, 15 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Chain of Lakes, 46.29321, - 121.596996, elevation 1340 m, Wefferling, K. M. and L. Wefferling 118 bh †, 16 - Jul- 2014 (UWM). Washington: Horseshoe Basin (HB 00711), Arnold Peak, SW face, on bench with steep rocky springs, and open coniferous forest, 48.985377, - 119.924039, elevation 2317 m, Wooten, G. # GW 01566, 28 - Jun- 1992 (WTU). Washington: North Cascades National Park, Pelton Basin east of Cascade Pass, 48.458683, - 121.0433, elevation 1407 m, Knoke, D. 267 †, 10 - Aug- 2002 (WTU). Washington: Okanogan NF, Washington Pass Viewpoint turnoff, wetland at Hwy. 20 entrance, 48.525081, - 120.658038, elevation 1649 m, Yen, A. C. 03 - 066 with R. Robohm, S. Bagshaw, L. Van Volkenburgh, and T. Ohlson, 25 - Jul- 2003 (WTU). Washington: Okanogan NF, Meadows Campground, meadows S of Hart’s Pass, 48.711, - 120.676, elevation 1903 m, Rodman, S., D. Tank, C. Spurgeon, and K. Ardern 909 *, 25 - Jul- 2003 (WTU). Washington: Gifford-Pinchot NF, Takhlakh Meadow, 46.270167, - 121.588028, elevation 1402 m, Wefferling, K. M. 56 †, 1 - Aug- 2012 (UWM). 9 x: U. S. A., Idaho: E side Sawtooth Range, Sawtooth NRA, Elk Meadows (NE side, edge of meadow / forest), 44.266698, - 115.094952, elevation 2060 m, Wefferling, K. M. 212 rh †, 22 - Jul- 2014 (UWM).	en	Wefferling, Keir M., Hoot, Sara B. (2017): Species circumscription of the Caltha leptosepala polyploid complex (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 316 (3): 201-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.1
