taxonID	type	description	language	source
A1D711A1A803576D9F673C43EE78A796.taxon	description	Figs 4 H, 8 E, K, 10 R	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
2529404494835FE481AF85EC9DAE92AD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Stipules absent, leaf veins camptodromous, sepals enclosing petals in buds, carpels free, styles ventrally to subapically inserted on ovaries, presence of diazanapaphthalenes, propargyl-type 1, 3 - dipolar organic compounds, absence of benzopyrans, lactams, lignam glycosides, pyrimidine nucleosides, pyrimidine nucleotides, saccharolipids, sulfenyl compounds.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
B73101A06F7E5D6A89F728F377814653.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Acridocarpus Guill. & Perr.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
B73101A06F7E5D6A89F728F377814653.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lianas, shrubs to treelets; thyrses, many-flowered, cincinni 1 - flowered, bracts 1 - glandular, peduncle absent, bracteoles eglandular; sepals glandular, nectariferous; posterior petals 2, margin crenate, eglandular; connectives eglandular, anthers poricidal, pollen 3 - zonosyncolporate; styles reflexed in fruits; mericarps 1 - winged, dorsal wing more developed, chromosome number n = 9, presence of diazanaphthalenes, isoflavonoids, oxacyclic compounds, absence of tetrahydrofurans.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
46D16844556052AA8E58E4E258B5041E.taxon	description	Figs 7 G, 8 Y	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
4F2C918B8EE15745AF10CCE4A4F34438.taxon	description	Figs 7 A, 8 M, 9 I, J, 11 F	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
5FE09D5939F5529899BD73B8E97454EC.taxon	description	Figs 3 M – O, Q – S, 4 B, D, O, R, T, V, 6 C, 7 F, 9 A – D, H, 11 B	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
BDC7F2C79729567A8562AF2D04D97A63.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Barnebya W. R. Anderson & B. Gates.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
BDC7F2C79729567A8562AF2D04D97A63.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Trees; thyrses, cincinni 2 – 3 - flowered; pollen 4 - zonoporate; mericarps 1 - winged, dorsal wing more developed, presence of diarylheptanoids, keto acids and derivatives, oxazinanes, absence of benzopyrans, furanoid lignans, glycerophospholipids, lignan glycosides, naphthalenes, naphthopyrans, propargyl-type 1, 3 - dipolar organic compounds, pteridines and derivatives, tetrahydrofurans.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
EEF0314DD12B506898110B91CF218289.taxon	description	Figs 3 A, 8 H, R, V, 9 E, L	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
433060479A285226A23ED04E88778CF8.taxon	description	Figs 8 F, 10 H	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
433060479A285226A23ED04E88778CF8.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Bunchosia odorata (Jacq.) DC.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
8FCD99095BFC57C39A1645061DAC3B66.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Bunchosia Rich. ex Kunth.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
8FCD99095BFC57C39A1645061DAC3B66.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Trees, shrubs or lianas; thyrses, cincinni 1 - flowered; pollen 4 – 12 - pantoporate (colporate in Echinopterys and Heladena); styles free, rarely connate, parallel; stigma terminal, capitate; drupes or mericarps smooth or winged, presence of azolidines, benzodioxoles, organochlorides, quinolizines, absence of organic carbonic acids and derivatives, organic phosphoric acids and derivatives.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
B76755BF66CC57A48BAEF9D696CB9D90.taxon	description	Fig. 10 N	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
BCD8BA26B87850A9A42BC2D209A953AE.taxon	description	Figs 3 F, L, 6 A, 7 O, 8 C, J, 9 K, 10 E – G	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
BCD8BA26B87850A9A42BC2D209A953AE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Byrsonima spicata (Cav.) DC.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
5B809C4C6C9E5EC48592CB0EEC44D979.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Stipules epipetiolar, leaves smaller than inflorescences, at least one petal cucullate at anthesis, presence of hydroxy acids and derivatives, imidolactams, keto acids and derivatives, organic phosphoric acids and derivatives, organofluorides, absence of oxanes.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
6198D02231745C57865729DC2439E647.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Posterior petal eglandular, fertile stamens 10 (occasionally 6 – 10 in Diacidia), pollen 3 - aperturate, zonoaperturate, colporate, styles apex subulate, mericarps smooth (i. e., never winged, or setose), chromosome number n = 6, presence of macrolactams and sulfenyl compounds.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
6A1FD7B9C6D55DA2843DD414C00D1E1D.taxon	description	Figs 7 L, 8 I, 10 V	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
754EC731FEFD5DEAA1E3D011CC71D8F7.taxon	description	Fig. 11 H	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
45187F6804C95809A0DBE727B04D3C40.taxon	description	Figs 7 C, M, 8 B	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
67E12857783F57638D212510B685F2B8.taxon	description	Figs 7 H, I, 10 B – D	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
BBF1FA1C906F574D868AD95E060166DA.taxon	description	Figs 8 S, 9 O, 11 A	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
A805192F13165DE6BE8455D96B6DD16C.taxon	description	Fig. 10 W	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
A1D74E4AF3975774897D6C32A0B182BE.taxon	description	Figs 7 N, 8 P, 10 P	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
E53621B64DDC582589F6CAFA15B24060.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Peduncle of cincinni present, floral buds with petals keeled, anther projections laterally inserted on thecae, presence of naphthopyrans and oxazinanes.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
5B8AFA1606EC57B1A48BE791697BE053.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lianas, shrubs to subshrubs; umbels, rarely thyrses, usually 4 - flowered; pollen 4 – 12 - pantocolporate (porate in Stigmaphyllon subg. Ryssopterys, Philgamia, and Sphedamnocarpus); mericarps winged, 1 - winged, dorsal wing more developed, rarely reduced, presence of macrolactams, absence of biotin and derivatives, sulfenyl compounds.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
47FF6EEFEA6D53EA804B0B714B79A94F.taxon	description	Figs 7 B, 11 K	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
6CF5A48F889F5BAF8495D62DFE5FCECA.taxon	description	Figs 8 D, 10 O	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
A553EDE3263353D1B45F3D42B151C659.taxon	description	Figs 8 L, Q, U, 11 C, D	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
A553EDE3263353D1B45F3D42B151C659.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Heteropterys purpurea (L.) Kunth.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
BB51D20B8102538983B55B69B42C69B0.taxon	description	Figs 7 K, 8 A, 11 M	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
15B8EC64BE675A3FAEA47106A1FE3EE3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Treelets, shrubs or lianas; thyrses, multi-flowered; pollen 4 – 12 - pantocolporate (porate in Hiptage and some Heteropterys); nuts or mericarps winged, with 2 – 4 - wings, butterfly, Y or X-shaped, rarely setose, absence of organic phosphonic acids and derivatives.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
8AA48B4B5D5A5D18B7C7795BDCCAAB95.taxon	description	Figs 3 G, 4 S	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
9B9FE46A5AEA535E80C32EFFDFE6E499.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lianas; leaf blades with apex glandular; thyrses, many-flowered; pollen 4 – 12 - pantocolporate (porate in Psychopterys); styles with apex uncinate, stigma lateral; mericarps winged, 2 lateral wings more developed than the dorsal, usually butterfly-shaped, presence of piperidines, absence of benzofurans, benzopyrans, dithiols, furanoid lignans, hydroxy acids and derivatives, naphthopyrans, pteridines and derivatives, pyrimidine nucleosides.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
B3B184495EB05E79B21660FA3CA1AB62.taxon	description	Fig. 10 U	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
F09F660AEF725B6CB25ED230CB16B677.taxon	description	Fig. 11 G	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
8763666384555B20B318FF549B52ACA8.taxon	description	Fig. 10 J – L	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
28872965D6745D43B1CA4594B3A92622.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
28872965D6745D43B1CA4594B3A92622.taxon	description	Description. Trees, shrubs, subshrubs (erect, monopodial or scandent) or lianas, monoecious, rarely functionally dioecious or androdioecious, perennial; hairs unicellular, foot present, conspicuous or not, 2 - branched (malpighiaceous), T-, Y- or V-shaped, rarely acicular or stellate, branches straight, undulate, or curled, surface smooth, rough or spiny (Fig. 2). Roots fibrous or tuberous, generally becoming woody with age. Xylopodium present or not. Branches woody, rarely herbaceous, lenticelate or not. Stipules present, rarely absent, inter- or epipetiolar, minute to expanded, free to connate, pair of stipules free or connate, deciduous or persistent (Fig. 3 E – H). Leaves opposite, decussate, rarely verticillate, ternate, subopposite or alternate (Fig. 3 A – D), petiolate; petioles short to very long (Fig. 3 L – N), circular, plane-convex to canaliculate (Fig. 3 I – K) in cross-section, usually glandular (Fig. 3 O-S); blades simple, entire, rarely lobed (Fig. 4 I – K), usually glandular, margin plane to revolute (Fig. 4 O, P), entire, sometimes dentate, crenate or lobulate, glabrous, ciliate or pubescent (Fig. 4 I – N). Inflorescences solitary or compound, terminal to axillary, pedunculate, rarely sessile (Fig. 5 A); flowers arranged in a 1 – multi-flowered cincinnus (Fig. 5 B), cincinni opposite to alternate, usually pedunculate (Fig. 5 C), rarely sessile, solitary or arranged in 2 – 5 - degrees of ramification into thyrses, corymbs, umbels, or dichasia (Fig. 6); leaves associated with the inflorescences similar to vegetative leaves but reduced in size (Fig. 6 D); cincinni bract 1, minute to expanded, plane or concave, persistent, rarely deciduous, glandular or eglandular (Fig. 7 A – I); bracteoles 2, opposite or alternate, usually inserted at the apex of peduncles, rarely subapical, medial or basal, minute to expanded, plane or concave, persistent, rarely deciduous, glandular or eglandular (Fig. 7 A – I). Flowers chasmogamous, rarely cleistogamous, bisexual, rarely unisexual, zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic, hypogynous, rarely perigynous (Fig. 7 Q); pedicel well-developed, rarely absent or inconspicuous, straight, rarely circinate (Fig. 7 D – F); sepals 5 (– 7), free to connate at base, imbricate in bud, rarely valvate, erect, rarely deflexed, apex erect to revolute, persistent in fruit, usually not accrescent in fruit, rarely accrescent, abaxially (0 –) 1 – 2 (– many) - glandular, sometimes the anterior sepal eglandular, rarely all sepals eglandular (Fig. 7 J – L), glands multicellular, usually sessile (Fig. 8 C), rarely pedunculate (Fig. 8 C), secreting oil (Fig. 8 B), rarely nectar (Fig. 8 A); petals 5 (– 7), free, imbricate in bud, rarely valvate, clawed, patent (Fig. 8 O) or deflexed (Fig. 8 J), usually yellow (Fig. 8 F – J), sometimes white (Fig. 8 C, E, K), pink (Fig. 8 A, L, Y), orange (Fig. 8 M) or red (Fig. 8 T), rarely green, lilac (Fig. 8 Z) or purple, usually changing colour after pollination, the posterior petal usually differing from the 4 lateral ones in size, colour, shape and / or presence of glands, limb generally crumpled in bud, plane, concave or cucullate at anthesis, margin entire (Fig. 8 U), erose (Fig. 8 V), denticulate (Fig. 8 X), fimbriate (Fig. 8 W), or glandular-fimbriate (Fig. 8 Y); androecium with (3 – 5 – 6 –) 10 stamens (Fig. 9 D – G), in two whorls, fertile stamens (2 – 6 –) 10 (Fig. 9 E), staminodes 0 (– 2 – 5; Fig. 9 F, G), filaments free (Fig. 9 G) or connate (Fig. 9 D, E) at base, rarely connate up to the middle, short to long, glabrous (Fig. 9 E), rarely pubescent (Fig. 9 F), homo- (Fig. 9 E) or heteromorphic (Fig. 9 D), anthers basifixed (Fig. 9 A), connectives minute or expanded (Fig. 9 A, B), usually glandular (secreting non-volatile oils, rarely essential oils; Fig. 9 B), with or without an apical projection, glabrous (Fig. 9 E) to pubescent (Fig. 9 D), thecae 2, parallel, rarely divergent at base and connivant at apex, apex free, rarely confluent, rimose (Fig. 9 A), rarely poricidal; gynoecium superior, (1 – 2 –) 3 - carpelate (Fig. 9 H), all fertile, rarely 1 abortive, carpels syncarpic, rarely basally syncarpic and apically apocarpic, locules 1 - ovulate, ovules pendulous, anatropous, styles (1 – 2 –) 3 (Fig. 9 L, M), free, rarely connate, basal, lateral, subapical or apical, straight (Fig. 9 L), curved (Fig. 9 O) or lyrate (Fig. 9 N, P), apex subulate (Fig. 9 K), cylindrical (Fig. 9 L), laterally flattened, truncate (Fig. 9 J) or uncinate (Fig. 9 I), rarely expanded (Fig. 9 N, P), stigmas terminal (Fig. 9 L, M) or lateral (i. e., facing the centre of the flower or the posterior petal; Fig. 9 I, N, P), subulate (Fig. 9 K), punctiform (Fig. 9 K), capitate (Fig. 9 L) or crateriform (Fig. 9 I). Fruits dry (Fig. 10 O – W) or fleshy (Fig. 10 A – N), schizocarps (Fig. 10 O – W), nuts (Fig. 10 B – D) or drupes (Fig. 10 A, E – N), glabrous or pubescent, mericarps (1 – 2 –) 3, indehiscent or splitting at maturity, smooth (Fig. 10 O – S), setose (Fig. 10 T – W), or winged (Fig. 11 A – M), when winged mericarps with 1 dorsal (Fig. 11 A – E) and / or 1 – several lateral (Fig. 11 F – M) wings, free (Fig. 11 F – H, J – M) or connate (Fig. 11 I). Seeds 1 per locule (Fig. 10 A), globose or ovoid (Fig. 10 A), smooth (Fig. 10 A) to rugose, without endosperm; embryo curved, bent or spiralled. Chromosome number n = 6 – 10.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
1AA4A913426C5D9CA77998FDF1CBA67B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Treelets, shrubs or lianas; thyrses or corymbs; pollen 4 – 12 - pantocolporate (porate in the Paleotropical species); styles with apex uncinate to truncate, stigma lateral; mericarps winged, 1 – 2 - wings, butterfly-shaped to orbicular, rarely drupaceous or with dorsal wing more developed than lateral ones, presence of (3 ’ –> 5 ’) - dinucleotides and analogues, piperidines, absence of benzofurans, furanoid lignans, imidolactams, lignan glycosides.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
973759A297345488BB93FB4EF0881C03.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Posterior petal glandular, 2 – 10 fertile stamens, pollen 3 – 12 - aperturate, zono- to pantoaperturate, porate or colporate, styles capitate, uncinate, truncate, expanded or rarely subulate, stigmas usually lateral, nuts or mericarps, frequently winged or setose, rarely smooth, chromosome number n = 9 – 10, presence of dithiols, furanoid lignans, organic phosphoric acids and derivatives, and propargyl-type 1, 3 - dipolar organic compounds.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
8D9EAC87D4D25EBABDC712D8D679FC7F.taxon	description	Fig. 4 U	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
8D9EAC87D4D25EBABDC712D8D679FC7F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mamedea pulchella (Griseb.) R. F. Almeida & M. Pell.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
8D9EAC87D4D25EBABDC712D8D679FC7F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mamedea can be recognised by its erect shrub to subshrub habit, present xylopodium, leaves entire at base, umbels, 1 – 4 - flowered, peduncle usually absent or reduced, not bearing reduced leaves, sepals bent inwards between the petals at anthesis, petals fimbriate, androecium with 3 fertile stamens, anthers glabrous to pubescent, staminodes 2, antherodes present or not, when present larger than the fertile anthers, glabrous to pubescent, usually red to orange at post-anthesis, 2 posterior carpels rotated so that all face the posterior petal, mericarps with dorsal and lateral wings reduced to ribs or teeth, and with a rugose nut, chromosome number n = (20 –) 40.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
8D9EAC87D4D25EBABDC712D8D679FC7F.taxon	description	Description. Shrubs to subshrubs. Roots fibrous, woody near the xylopodium. Xylopodium present, small to large. Branches erect, slender, woody to herbaceous, sometimes brittle, sericeous to glabrescent; internodes inconspicuous to elongated. Stipules interpetiolar, minute, free to connate, sericeous or distally glabrous, deciduous or persistent. Leaves opposite or decussate; petioles short, sericeous, tomentose, lanate or glabrescent, eglandular; lamina entire, elliptical, lanceolate to ovate, velutinous, sericeous, lanate or tomentose, base cuneate or rounded, margin entire, apex acute, obtuse, rounded or mucronate; venation eucamptodromous or brochidodromous, secondary veins strongly ascending and subparallel. Umbels solitary, axillary, (1 –) 2 – 4 - flowered, sessile to pedunculate; inflorescence leaves not reduced; bract alternate, minute, plane, persistent, sericeous to glabrous, eglandular, persistent; cincinni (1 –) 2 – 4, alternate, 1 - flowered, pedunculate; bracteoles opposite, minute, plane, persistent, sericeous to glabrous, eglandular, persistent. Flowers chasmogamous or cleistogamous, bisexual, zygomorphic, hypogynous; pedicel elongated, longer or shorter than the peduncle, sparsely sericeous, tomentose, velutinous or glabrescent; sepals 5, free valvate in bud, erect in bud, bent inwards between the petals at anthesis, triangular to broadly ovate, sericeous or tomentose, apex acute, the anterior eglandular and narrower, the lateral 4 biglandular, the glands green, yellowish-green, dark red, or reddish-purple, secreting oil, in fruit persistent, somewhat accrescent, enclosing nutlets until maturity; petals 5, imbricate in bud, yellow to orange-yellow at anthesis, glabrous or abaxially sparsely tomentose, limb plane, margin short-fimbriate, basal fimbriae mostly tipped with tiny glands, posterior petal with claw slightly thicker, sometimes with a pair of glands near the limb, limb slightly broader than the 4 lateral ones; androecium with 5 stamens, filaments free or connate at base with adjacent filaments, fertile stamens 3, opposite anterior and posterior-lateral sepals, heteromorphic, filaments stout, glabrous, anthers rimose, glabrous or locules tomentose at apex, connective glandular; staminodes 2, opposite anterior-lateral sepals, homomorphic, filaments slender, antherode equalling or larger than anthers (reduced to an apical swelling in M. harleyi and M. lanata), glandular, pubescent (glabrous in M. harleyi); ovary superior, 3 - carpellate, carpels syncarpic, the posterior 2 rotated so that all face the posterior petal, minutely puberulent, style 1, basal, straight, glabrous, borne low on inner face of anterior carpel, stigma terminal, truncate, held above anthers or at the same level at anthesis. Schizocarp with 3 mericarps, dorsal and lateral wings reduced to ribs or teeth, glabrous to velutine; carpophore absent. Chromosome number n = (20 –) 40.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
8D9EAC87D4D25EBABDC712D8D679FC7F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The genus name honours the Brazilian botanist Dra Maria Candida Henrique Mamede (b. 1956), friend, colleague, and long-time contributor to the Brazilian Malpighiaceae.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
3F2C965EA5D8593A9FDCF1D584471F50.taxon	description	Figs 3 E, 6 B, 8 Z, 11 I	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
9F943E0BC26F5C1A889420D14CAD6FC2.taxon	description	Figs 8 G, 10 M	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
BD7E2AAE38AA5491BEFB3808BF720754.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Mcvaughia W. R. Anderson.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
BD7E2AAE38AA5491BEFB3808BF720754.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Trees, shrubs to subshrubs; thyrses, cincinni 1 – 7 - flowered, bracteoles 1 - glandular; pollen 4 - zonocolporate (3 - zonocolporate in Glandonia); drupes, epicarp striated, presence of linear 1, 3 - diarylpropanoids, and the absence of dithiols, indoles and derivatives.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
FBD8F819CF4F5B028C6D5D48A7048670.taxon	description	Fig. 7 D	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
99DA554692F95FB381601343AA966002.taxon	description	Figs 5 B, C, 7 E, 8 N, 11 L	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
C2696B6480EE5311AAB0DEAB75ADA770.taxon	description	Figs 3 H, 8 X, 9 F, 11 E	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
C409D6B9F00F58EA934E141FCB87BB3D.taxon	description	Fig. 3 D	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
71600CCE4B6B54E4A23E9822386F043A.taxon	description	Fig. 8 O	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
3B5A3244BD085D138214DB9ABBACBC8D.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Ptilochaeta Turcz.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
3B5A3244BD085D138214DB9ABBACBC8D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Treelets to shrubs; thyrses reduced, 4 - flowered; pollen 8 - zonocolporate, styles apex geniculate to truncate; mericarp winged or setose, presence of 2 - aryl-benzofuran flavonoids, dibenzyl-butane lignans, isoflavonoids, oxacyclic compounds, oxanes, pyrrolidines, thiocarbonyl compounds, absence of organothiophosphorus compounds, thiophenes.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
B8029BD2A7E75D9492E6CFE4E7AC3389.taxon	description	Figs 3 P, 8 W, 9 G, M	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
1A98E79DFAFD5FF58E2B54F248BF6219.taxon	description	Figs 3 C, N, 4 A – C, E – G, I – N, 6 D, E, 9 N, P, Q	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
2E741D2354F859A6A604BF8F251DEEB9.taxon	description	Figs 4 Q, 8 T, 11 J	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
940A1A8E1FFE5EC9A2CE8C687540D458.taxon	description	Figs 7 J, P, 10 S	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
940A1A8E1FFE5EC9A2CE8C687540D458.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Thryallis longifolia Mart.	en	de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor, Pellegrini, Marco O. O. (2024): A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry. PhytoKeys 242: 69-138, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469
