identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F16A883FFFBFFFA68DD3FE4386FE92C5.text	F16A883FFFBFFFA68DD3FE4386FE92C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthalicidae Albers 1860	<div><p>Family ORTHALICIDAE Albers, 1860</p> <p>Subfamily Odontostominae Pilsbry and Vanatta, 1898</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F16A883FFFBFFFA68DD3FE4386FE92C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pizá, Julia;Cazzaniga, Néstor J.	Pizá, Julia, Cazzaniga, Néstor J. (2012): Barrels and pagodas: clarifying the identity and variability of two nominal taxa of carinated land snails in the genus Plagiodontes (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae: Odontostominae). Journal of Natural History 46 (7 - 8): 383-410, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.640440, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.640440
F16A883FFFBFFFA28D0EFDE38777972C.text	F16A883FFFBFFFA28D0EFDE38777972C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiodontes weyenberghii (Doering 1877)	<div><p>Plagiodontes weyenberghii (Doering, 1877 [“1875”])</p> <p>Bulimus (Plagiodontes) weyenberghii Doering, 1877 [“1875”], p. 241; Doering 1878 [“1876”]: 322.</p> <p>Bulimus (Plagiodontes) weyemberghii: Doering 1877 [“1875”], p. 241; Doering 1878 [“1876”]: 322 (lapsus calami); Kobelt 1878. p. 133.</p> <p>Bulimus weyenberghii: Kobelt 1880, p. 289; Breure 1974, p. 126.</p> <p>Odontostomus (Plagiodontes) weyenberghi: Pilsbry 1901, p. 100 –101; Holmberg 1912, p. 25–26; Parodiz 1939, p. 728.</p> <p>Odontostomus (Plagiodontes) weyemberghi: Parodiz 1943 [“1942”], p. 340.</p> <p>Cyclodontina (Plagiodontes) weyemberghi: Parodiz 1957, p. 28.</p> <p>Plagiodontes weyenberghi: Hylton-Scott 1965, p. 24.</p> <p>Scalarinella (Plagiodontes) weyemberghi: Zilch 1971, p. 199.</p> <p>Plagiodontes weyemberghi: Fernández 1973, p. 154.</p> <p>Odontostomus weyemberghii: Breure 1974, p. 126.</p> <p>Plagiodontes weyemberghii: Breure and Schouten 1985, p. 17; Cuezzo and Dragh 1995, p.196.</p> <p>Odontostomus weyemberghi: Richardson 1993, p. 52.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Cylindrical to pagoda-shaped by the presence of a sutural keel, brownish shell of medium size, with a short, wide and obtuse apex. Protoconch and teleoconch sculptures forming a transition area. Teleoconch sculpture with strong axial ribs and minor undulated axial striae in between. Aperture with an expanded and slightly reflected peristome. Pallial complex moderately vascularized. Free portion of the fertilization pouch–spermathecal complex long and straight. Bursa copulatrix duct markedly swollen distally. The penial papilla has an accessory lobe slightly shorter than the papilla. Vagina with a medial longitudinal depression.</p> <p>Type series</p> <p>Holotype, SMF 9354 28.44 mm long, 14.35 mm wide (Figure 1); four paratypes, SMF 9355.</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>Chancaní, Sierra de Pocho. Córdoba province, Argentina.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Endemic to Sierra de Pocho, north-western Córdoba province.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Shell (Figures 1, 2, 6). Cylindrical to pagoda-shaped, rimate, solid, light-brown to brown. 20.14–28.5 mm long by 10.25–13 mm wide. It has 6.25 to 8.25 flattened whorls, almost straight, with a suprasutural carina of variable development. Spire cylindrical trapezoid in shape, occupying 29–45% of shell length. The apex is a short and obtuse cone. Aperture subvertical, ovate, 9.29–13.24 mm long by 7.14–10.39 mm wide with a widely expanded and reflected peristome in adult specimens.</p> <p>Protoconch and teleoconch sculpture (Figure 7 A–D). Protoconch of 2 to 2.5 whorls with conspicuous axial ribs, crossed by spiral lines less marked with an internal depression in most specimens (Figure 7A,C). Protoconch-teleoconch boundary not well defined, forming a transition area (Figure 7A,B). Teleoconch with strong, straight axial ribs with minor undulated spiral elements in the intercostal space (Figure 7B,D).</p> <p>Apertural lamellae and folds (Figures 1, 2). The studied specimens had 9 to 13 apertural lamellae and folds (mode = 11) similar to those of the remaining Plagiodontes species (Pizá and Cazzaniga 2003, 2009; Cazzaniga et al. 2005; Pizá et al. 2006). Angular fold joined to the parietal lamella; a supracolumellar denticle present in 50% of the specimens. Frequencies of lower palatal folds distributed as shown in Figure 8.</p> <p>Pallial complex (Figure 9). General arrangement similar to that already described for other Plagiodontes species (Pizá and Cazzaniga 2009, 2010), 30 and 35 mm long in the studied specimens. The pericardium, 4.73 and 4.76 mm long, occupied 52 and 60% of the kidney length. The kidney, triangular in shape, occupied 20 and 30% of the pallial complex length. The ureteric pore opened at the level of the midpoint of the kidney in one specimen and above it in the other. Pulmonary vein 19 and 25.7 mm long; the afferent marginal vein branched near the midpoint of the pulmonary vein. The vascularization was conspicuous in the adrectal area and weaker in the area between the pulmonary vein and the marginal afferent vein. Marginal vein poorly vascularized. The mantle collar included a spongy pallial gland and some dents corresponding to the position of the apertural lamellae and folds.</p> <p>Genital system (Figures 10–13). It followed the general arrangement found in the remaining Plagiodontes species, and presented a general whitish pigmentation. Creamcoloured ovotestis, composed of seven and eight groups of digitiform acini. White and conspicuous fertilization pouch–spermathecal complex, its free portion composed of a long, straight blind sac (Figure 11A,B). Albumen gland elongated and whitish. Spermoviduct long, with two circumvolutions in both studied specimens. Vas deferens emerges just above the point where the vagina bifurcates in the free oviduct and the bursa copulatrix duct, and ends in the epiphallus–flagellum boundary after running through the retractor muscle. Bursa copulatrix a round sac, 1.8 and 3 mm in diameter; its duct 25 and 31 mm long and distally swollen (Figure 10A,B). Inner surface with straight folds or lamellae. Bifurcation of the vagina in the free oviduct and the bursa copulatrix duct with a marked constriction and a distal widening. Vagina shorter than the penis (penis length / vagina length, 1.48 and 1.74), subcylindrical, thin (vagina length / vagina width 2.10 and 3.75), with a longitudinal medial depression; its inner surface is reticulated by anastomosed lamellae (Figure 12A,B).</p> <p>Penial complex 35 and 38 mm long. The club-shaped penis was 2.5 and 5 times longer than wide, and shorter than the epiphallus (epiphallus length / penis length 1.24 and 1.38). Internal penial papilla with an accessory lobe almost as long as the papilla (Figure 13A,B). Inner surface of the penis with longitudinal and undulated pilasters with several branches. Penis sheath short and muscular. Epiphallus with a proximal cylindrical portion with internal thin and straight longitudinal lamellae, and a distal swollen portion, separated by a partition with a hollow minute papilla. The swollen part continued in a cylindrical tube with elevated and anastomosed folds that run into the fleshy penial papilla (Figure 13B). Cylindrical flagellum with a longitudinal lamella and two longitudinal parallel thickenings. Epiphallus diameter larger than the flagellum diameter.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F16A883FFFBFFFA28D0EFDE38777972C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pizá, Julia;Cazzaniga, Néstor J.	Pizá, Julia, Cazzaniga, Néstor J. (2012): Barrels and pagodas: clarifying the identity and variability of two nominal taxa of carinated land snails in the genus Plagiodontes (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae: Odontostominae). Journal of Natural History 46 (7 - 8): 383-410, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.640440, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.640440
F16A883FFFBBFFBC8D6FFBAA846E97EE.text	F16A883FFFBBFFBC8D6FFBAA846E97EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiodontes daedaleus (Deshayes 1851)	<div><p>Plagiodontes daedaleus (Deshayes, 1851): carinated forms</p> <p>Odontostomus (Plagiodontes) weyenberghii minor Parodiz, 1939, p. 729.</p> <p>Cyclodontina (Plagiodontes) weyemberghi minor: Parodiz 1957, p. 29.</p> <p>Plagiodontes weyemberghi minor: Fernández 1973, p. 154.</p> <p>Odontostomus weyemberghii minor: Breure 1974, p. 119.</p> <p>Plagiodontes weyemberghii: Breure and Schouten 1985, p. 17.</p> <p>Odontostomus weyemberghi minor: Richardson 1993, p. 52.</p> <p>Description of specimens from populations including carinated shells</p> <p>Shell (Figure 2, 3, 6). Short, globose to cylindrical, rimate, solid, whitish, 18.8–28.24 mm long by 10.68–14.01 mm wide; with 5 to 7.75 almost straight, flattened whorls. Spire globose of variable length, occupying 22–36% of the shell length. Apex a short and obtuse cone. Aperture subvertical, ovate, 9.37–13.31 mm long by 8.08–11.16 mm wide, with a reflected peristome in adult specimens. The type series of P. weyenberghii minor includes the holotype and 83 paratypes, of which only about 30% have a sutural keel.</p> <p>Protoconch and teleoconch sculpture (Figure 7 E–H). Protoconch, of 2 to 2.5 whorls, with conspicuous axial ribs, crossed by less marked spiral lines with an internal depression (Figure 7E,G). Protoconch–teleoconch boundary not well defined, forming a transition area (Figure 7E). Teleoconch with strong, straight axial ribs with minor undulated spiral elements in the intercostal space (Figure 7F,H).</p> <p>Apertural lamellae and folds (Figures 2, 3). The studied specimens had 8 to 12 apertural lamellae and folds (mode = 9). Angular fold joined to parietal lamella and supracolumellar denticle in 50% of specimens. Frequencies of lower palatal folds distributed as shown in Figure 8.</p> <p>Pallial complex (Figure 9C, D). Markedly vascularized, 18.8 to 36.53 mm long. Kidney 1.7 times as long as wide and 27% of lung length. Secondary ureter opens in the ureteric pore at the level of the upper third of the kidney. Pericardium 3.13–6.09 mm long, continuous with the prominent pulmonary vein that is 12.53–24.35 mm long. Afferent marginal vein branches out distally, equalling about 52% of the pulmonary vein length. Marginal vein moderately developed. Mantle collar includes a brownish spongy pallial gland and several dents corresponding to the apertural folds and lamellae.</p> <p>Reproductive system (Figures 10C,D, 11C,D, 12C,D, 13 E–H). Ovotestis composed of six or seven groups of digitiform acini. Albumen gland elongated and hyaline whitish. Fertilization pouch–spermathecal complex white and conspicuous, distal part composed of a long convoluted blind sac (Figure 11C,D). Vas deferens emerges above the bifurcation of the vagina to the free oviduct and the bursa copulatrix duct; this bifurcation is marked by a notorious constriction. Bursa copulatrix a round sac, 1.5–3 mm diameter. Bursa copulatrix duct 17.26–39.91 mm long with almost constant diameter; in some specimens slightly swollen distally. Internally, bursa copulatrix duct has straight folds or lamellae. Vagina shorter than or as long as penis (penis length / vagina length 1–2.33), longer than wide (vagina length / vagina width 1.88–3.20), and with a distal widening. Inner vaginal surface with a reticulated aspect (Figure 12C,D).</p> <p>Penial complex, 29.09–48.71 mm long, occupies a large proportion of the anterior portion of the visceral cavity. Penis, 7.44–14.88 mm long, club-shaped, with a marked proximal swelling 2.84–4.33 mm wide. Penial sheath conspicuous. Internally, the penis has a penial papilla or verge with a large accessory lobe about 70% the size of the papilla (Figure 13E,F). Inner wall of penis with four or five longitudinal folds or pilasters that are prominent, undulated and can be to some extent anastomosed. Epiphallus 8.79–16.91 mm long, cylindrical, and its transition to the penis is clearly marked by a constriction. Internally, it has five straight folds and has a proximal partition at the point where the folds join to form a minute hollow papilla. The epiphallus continues in a cylindrical tube running into the fleshy penial papilla. This tube has an internal sculpture of elevated and branched, anastomosed folds (Figure 13G,H).</p> <p>The vas deferens insertion demarcates the limit between epiphallus and flagellum. Flagellum, 7.44–16.91 mm long, cylindrical and markedly thinner than epiphallus.</p> <p>Shell morphometry</p> <p>Table 1 summarizes morphometric information on the studied shells of P. weyenberghii weyenberghii, P. weyenberghii minor and P. daedaleus. Bonferroni’s corrected t -test results are indicated. Figures 2 and 6 show representative shells and living specimens of P. weyenberghii weyenberghii and P. weyenberghii minor.</p> <p>The MDA produced two discriminant functions (Tables 2 and 3). DF1 was negatively correlated with SL, LWW and AW; DF2 was positively correlated with SL, LWL, AL, MA and whorl number, but negatively correlated with SA. So, the larger and more slender shells of P. weyenberghii were mostly located towards positive values of both axes (Figure 14); P. daedaleus specimens located towards negative values of DF1 and positive values of DF2 because of their obese shape and large size, and the shells of P. weyenberghii minor located mainly in central values of DF1 and negative values of DF2 because of their obese shape and smaller size. The percentages of specimens correctly classified were 90.2% in P. weyenberghii, 79.2% in P. daedaleus and only 63.9% in P. weyenberghii minor. Most misclassifications occurred between P. weyenberghii minor and P. daedaleus. An MDA, performed between P. daedaleus and P. weyenberghii to classify P. weyenberghii minor specimens (considered as ungrouped) as either P. daedaleus or P. weyenberghii, resulted in 84.5% of the specimens classified as P. daedaleus and 15.5% as P. weyenberghii (Tables 2 and 3; Figure 15).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F16A883FFFBBFFBC8D6FFBAA846E97EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pizá, Julia;Cazzaniga, Néstor J.	Pizá, Julia, Cazzaniga, Néstor J. (2012): Barrels and pagodas: clarifying the identity and variability of two nominal taxa of carinated land snails in the genus Plagiodontes (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae: Odontostominae). Journal of Natural History 46 (7 - 8): 383-410, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.640440, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.640440
