identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F13387D2FF92C105FBC3FD5AFC44363C.text	F13387D2FF92C105FBC3FD5AFC44363C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marcusia alba Cuadrado & Rodríguez & Moro & Grande & Noreña 2021	<div><p>Marcusia alba sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DE4AF1C8-D784-4AB7-B536-A1E88524115B</p><p>Figs 1C, 2</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the new species, Marcusia alba, comes from the Latin ‘ albus ’ (white), and refers to the ivory white coloration this species shows.</p><p>Material examined (3 specs)</p><p>Holotype CAPE VERDE • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.896261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.896261)">São Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.896261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.896261)">Mindelo</a>; 16°53′46.54″ N, 24°59′32.93″ W (Fig. 1C V1); 6 May 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; MNCN 4.01/2620 to 2683 (64 slides). One sagittally sectioned specimen stained with AZAN.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>CAPE VERDE • 2 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907013/lat 16.902592)">São Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907013/lat 16.902592)">Baía das Gatas</a>; 16°54′09.33″ N, 24°54′25.25″ W (Fig. 1C V 2); 6 May 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Description</p><p>BODY. Shape oval. Length 2.6 cm. Smooth dorsal surface. Background pigmentation ivory white, darker along the middle dorsal region of the body. Amber dots and thin brushstroke-like lines garnish the dorsal surface. A thin, dark stripe, sometimes interrupted, extends along the central dorsal line (Fig. 2A). Two delicate marginal folds, separate and pointed, could be interpreted as pseudotentacles. Tentacular eyes scarce and widely dispersed over the tentacles. Cerebral eyes anterior drop-shaped and crossed by the central midline. Marginal eyes only at the anterior part (Fig. 2B). Ruffled pharynx, in the middle of the body with a central oral pore. Ventral sucker at the posterior part of the body. Male and female genital pore lead in a common genital atrium (Fig. 2 D–E) that opens in the posterior body region after the pharynx (Fig. 2C).</p><p>MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Male copulatory organ backwards oriented, with a muscular penis papilla, very muscular seminal vesicle (Fig. 2C, E) and without a prostatic vesicle, instead a simple glandular epithelium leads into the penis papilla (Fig. 2 D–E). Seminal vesicle rounded, frontal oriented and with thick muscular walls, opening into the ejaculatory duct. Short ejaculatory duct opens into the penis papillae. The male atrium is small and thin, connected to the common atrium.</p><p>FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (Fig. 2C, E). The vagina runs from the common genital atrium and continues dorsally into a narrowed duct that widens into a chamber, the cement pouch. The vagina continues dorsally, then curves posteriorly and ventrally and ends with the entry of the oviducts.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Marcusia alba sp. nov. belongs to the genus Marcusia due to the presence of cerebral, frontal and marginal eyes, male copulatory organ enclosed in a muscular bulb, the absence of prostatic vesicle and the common male and female atrium genital, as well as the common gonopore.</p><p>The genus Marcusia contained only one species, Marcusia ernesti Hyman, 1953, known from the coast of the Gulf of California (Hyman 1953). Marcusia ernesti and M. alba sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by their coloration patterns. Marcusia ernesti is black or grey with darker splotches and dotted with white spots, only visible in preserved individuals after Hyman (1953), M. alba sp. nov. is ivory white with brownish dots and stripes. The penis papilla is spherical in M. alba and elongated in M. ernesti, with the male atrium being tube-like and longer in the Californian species.</p><p>Another difference lies in the eyes’ presence and distribution. Marcusia ernesti presents marginal, frontal and cerebral eyes as well as two characteristic eye clusters with diagnostic value (Hyman 1953). Marcusia alba sp. nov., on the other hand, has cerebral, marginal and tentacular eyes, but not frontal eyes or eye clusters.</p><p>The differences listed are enough to consider M. ernesti and M. alba sp. nov. as two different species of the same genus. Furthermore, the molecular analyses show the genus Marcusia (represented in this case by Marcusia alba sp. nov.) as a genus closely related to Pericelis Laidlaw, 1902 within the family Anonymidae Lang, 1884, but as a clearly independent genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF92C105FBC3FD5AFC44363C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF90C11BFB69FC24FB17372B.text	F13387D2FF90C11BFB69FC24FB17372B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prostheceraeus crisostomum Cuadrado & Rodríguez & Moro & Grande & Noreña 2021	<div><p>Prostheceraeus crisostomum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EC7A7E2B-99FD-447D-A189-676144875AC2</p><p>Figs 1C, 3 A–D</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the new species, Prostheceraeus crisostomum, is dedicated to the little cat, Crisostomo, roommate during the description of this species.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CAPE VERDE • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.945261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.650927" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.945261/lat 16.650927)">Sal Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.945261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.650927" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.945261/lat 16.650927)">Calheta Funda</a>; 16°39′03.34″ N, 22°56′42,94″ W (Fig. 1C V 3); 8 Jul. 2018; Leopoldo Moro leg.; MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698 (15 slides). One sagittally sectioned specimen stained with AZAN.</p><p>Description</p><p>BODY. Shape elongated. Length 0.5 cm. Smooth dorsal surface; background pigmentation ivory white, darker along the middle dorsal region of the body between the cerebral eyes and the posterior end of the body. In the posterior middle end it shows a large conspicuous black spot. Small black dots on the entire dorsal surface (Fig. 3E). Two marginal tentacles, separate. Tentacular eyes scarce and widely dispersed between the tentacles. Cerebral eyes arrow-shaped located by the central midline (Fig. 3F). Bell-shaped pharynx located in the first body half. Ventral sucker in the middle of the body. Male and female genital pores well separated and located after the pharynx (Fig. 3 G–H).</p><p>MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Male copulatory organ oriented forward. The muscular prominent penis papilla houses a conical, elongated stylet of pseudosclerotized nature. The rounded and well developed prostatic vesicle joins transversally with the sperm duct and lies over the penis papilla (Fig. 3H). Muscular seminal vesicle oval, dorsally located and caudo-frontally oriented. The vasa deferentia join at the ventro-caudal region of the vesicle and the sperm duct open ventro-frontally. Seminal and prostatic vesicles open together into the proximal region of the developed penis papillae. The male atrium surrounded the penis papillae and opens near the posterior end of the pharynx.</p><p>FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Atrium elongated and highly ciliated, continues dorsally into the long but not ciliated vagina externa. The vagina externa narrows into a non-ciliated small cavity that continues in the vagina interna. It presents a widened epithelium and ends with the entry of the oviducts (Fig. 3H). Cement and shell glands lie around the female atrium, vagina externa and distal region of the vagina interna, but opens into the small cavity (pouch) between both vaginas.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Prostheceraeus crisostomum sp. nov. belongs to the genus Prostheceraeus due to the presence of cerebral, frontal and marginal eyes, true anterior tentacles, bell-shaped pharynx, the male copulatory system with prostatic vesicle, penis armed whit stylet and the presence of multiple uterine vesicles.</p><p>The genus Prostheceraeus comprises 10 species, mainly characterized by coloration pattern, with colorful pigmentations and dorsal longitudinal lines of different widths, as in P. fuscolineatus Dixit, Raghunathan &amp; Chandra, 2017, P. roseus, P. pseudolimax Lang, 1884, P. giesbrechtii, P. vittatus (Montagu, 1815) and P. zebra (Hyman, 1955) or with fine, transversal lines as in P. crozieri (Hyman, 1939) .</p><p>Three other species of Prostheceraeus show a color pattern free of lines or bands: P. albocinctus Lang, 1883, P. moseleyi and P. rubropunctatus Lang, 1884 . These three species, together with P. crisostomum sp. nov., have a dotted pattern, but the background colors are different in the four species: caramel brown background with white or whitish spots and white marginal line in P. albocinctus, blue-gray or cream background with black dots and yellow marginal band in P. moseleyi and finally P. rubropunctatus with a pink to reddish background color, white dots and without marginal band. The base coloration of P. crisostomum is similar to P. albocinctus, but much clearer and almost ivory; the dorsal points are black like in P. moseleyi and lacks a marginal line or band similar to P. rubropunctatus . All these differences delimit P. crisostomum sp. nov. as a new species of the genus Prostheceraeus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF90C11BFB69FC24FB17372B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF8EC118FB57FD48FBF1317A.text	F13387D2FF8EC118FB57FD48FBF1317A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy Cuadrado & Rodríguez & Moro & Grande & Noreña 2021	<div><p>Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy var. nov.</p><p>Figs 1C, 3 E–I</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name ‘galaxy’ comes from the pattern of the small white spots on the dorsal surface, which resemble a star galaxy.</p><p>Material examined (2 specs)</p><p>Holotype CAPE VERDE • S„o <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907013/lat 16.902592)">Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907013/lat 16.902592)">Baía das Gatas</a>; 16°54′09.33″ N, 24°54′25.25″ W (Fig. 1C V 2); 5 May 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; MNCN 4.01/2729 to 2798 (70 slides). One sagittally sectioned specimen stained with AZAN.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>CAPE VERDE • 1 spec.; same collection data as for holotype; RCCN .</p><p>Description</p><p>BODY. Shape oval. Length 2.3 cm. Smooth dorsal surface. Background color dark to velvety brown with white dots and spots that draw a longitudinal line along the body axis. One thin bright yellow external line and another internal and black line surround the entire body margin. The yellow one is interrupted at the pseudotentacles level (Fig. 3 E–F). Marginal body edges lined with transversal whitish elongated drops (Fig. 3F). Ventral coloration dark grey to black. Ventral sucker in the middle of the body (Fig. 3G). Pseudotentacles constitute two simple folds that present each of them a small cluster of tentacular eyes in their margin. Round cluster of cerebral eyes present and surrounded by a spot of white pigment. Pharynx ruffled, butterfly-shaped and located at the anterior third of the body. Oral pore, female and male gonopore close to each other and located at the anterior end (Fig. 3G). Male and female genital pores located after the pharynx in the anterior half of the body (Fig. 3 H–I).</p><p>MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Male genital pore between the posterior lobes of the ruffled pharynx. Male copulatory organ dorso-ventrally orientated consists in a prostatic vesicle and a very muscular seminal vesicle, as well as a penis papilla armed with a stylet (Fig. 3 H–I). Vasa deferentia open separately into the seminal vesicle. Seminal vesicle rounded, frontally oriented and lined with a thick muscular wall. Prostatic vesicle rounded, muscular and smaller than the seminal vesicle. Sperm duct muscular and long, extends frontally to join the prostatic duct inside the proximal end of the conical stylet. The short ejaculatory duct appears surrounded by the stylet cone and the penis sheath. The male atrium is wide and tetra-folding (fork-like) as characteristic of the genus (Fig. 3I).</p><p>FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. With a short muscular vagina, backwards oriented and surrounded by cement glands.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The genus Pseudoceros comprises approximately 89 species with similar copulatory organs, but bright and unique coloration patterns. However, within these patterns some taxa share evident similarities. Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy shares with P. bicolor Verril, 1902, P. mororum and P. rawlinsonae Bolaños, Quiroga &amp; Litvaitis, 2007 the brown background and one whitish, broad marginal band, but in P. bicolor the marginal band is wide with inner waves (Litvaitis et al. 2010: fig. 4a–i); P. rawlinsonae shows, in addition to the wide band, a thin orange line (Litvaitis et al. 2010: fig. 4j–p); in P. mororum the whitish band is interrupted and drop-shaped and additionally, two orange marginal stripes border the entire body (Cuadrado et al. 2017: fig. 6a–b); finally, the Cape Verdean species shows, together with the drop-shaped white band, two black and orange thin lines (Fig. 3 E–F).</p><p>Although the four previously mentioned species can be clearly differentiated due to their coloration, this is not the case in the molecular analysis (Fig. 8). In both the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses, individuals from Cape Verde appear closely related to P. rawlinsonae, so much so that the separation of both populations (the Cape Verdean population and the Caribbean population) is only possible at the level of variety, not of species. Therefore, we determined the individuals from Cape Verde as a variety within the species P. rawlinsonae .</p><p>Nonetheless, we want to emphasize that the decision to maintain this population (organisms) as a ‘variety’ of the species P. rawlinsonae is the sole and exclusive responsibility of the authors. We are aware that ‘variety’ is not a taxonomic category (according to ICZN) and that therefore it will remain a non-existent species until molecular analyses allow us to consider it as such.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF8EC118FB57FD48FBF1317A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF8DC119FB2BFABEFC3831BF.text	F13387D2FF8DC119FB2BFABEFC3831BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parviplana sodade Cuadrado & Rodríguez & Moro & Grande & Noreña 2021	<div><p>Parviplana sodade sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 10171C70-7431-41EF-B39D-AC3982D24143</p><p>Figs 1C, 4 A–C</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the new species, Parviplana sodade, comes from ‘sodade’ the Cape Verdean expression for saudade and regional song with rhythms of ‘coladeira’.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype CAPE VERDE • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.896261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.896261)">São Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.896261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.896261)">Mindelo</a>; 16°53′46.54″ N, 24°59′32.93″ W (Fig. 1C V1); 24 Nov. 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; MNCN 4.01/2699 to 2708 (10 slides). One sagittally sectioned specimen stained with AZAN.</p><p>Description</p><p>BODY. Shape oval elongated. Length 0.8 cm. Smooth dorsal surface. Background pigmentation light white, transparent where the intestinal braches can be appreciated (Fig. 4 A–B). Four clusters of cerebral eyes, two anterior with few eyes and more elongated than the posterior two. In sum around 50 cerebral eyes (Fig. 4B). Ruffled pharynx. Male and female genital pores located in the posterior half of the body. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Directed backwards and with a dorso-ventrally oriented penis papilla. With elongated prostatic vesicle, tall granular lining included in the muscular penis bulb (Fig. 4C). The vasa deferentia enter the seminal vesicle separately. Seminal vesicle rounded, below the penis bulb and connected with a sort seminal duct to the prostatic vesicle (Fig. 4C). The male atrium is small and thin, with an internal fold that surrounds the distal part of the penis bulb like a penis sheath (Fig. 4C).</p><p>FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. With a vagina bulbosa (Fig. 4C) and backwards oriented. Cement and shell glands open in a pouch located within the vaginal complex. Lang’s vesicle present.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Parviplana sodade sp. nov belongs to the genus Parviplana due to the absence of tentacles, presence of seminal vesicle, and prostatic vesicle with a tall granular lining with prostatic functions. Female apparatus with vagina bulbosa and Lang´s vesicle.</p><p>Parviplana comprises 3 species, P. hymani Faubel, 1983, P. jeronimoi Pérez-García, Noreña &amp; Cervera, 2018 and P. lynca (Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1958) . Parviplana lynca can be easy and clearly distinguished from the other two species by the presence of nuchal tentacles, exclusive of this species.</p><p>Parviplana hymani can be distinguished from P. sodade sp. nov., by the vas deferens which opens together into the seminal vesicle, and the prostate vesicle not included into de penis bulb.</p><p>Parviplana sodade sp. nov. possesses more similarities with P. jeronimoi . Both species share the penis sheath and more than 25 cerebral eyes, but clear differences separate them. Parviplana jeronimoi has a fleshy appearance and amber pigmentation. The size is also noticeable different, P. jeronimoi can reach lengths of 20 mm, while P. sodade in full mature state does not reach 8 mm. Parviplana jeronimoi also presents vasa deferentia joined in a single vas deferens, a small female atrium and a corrugated surface between the two genital pores, characteristics not present in P. sodade .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF8DC119FB2BFABEFC3831BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF8CC11FFB2BFAA4FC1E374D.text	F13387D2FF8CC11FFB2BFAA4FC1E374D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euplana claridade Cuadrado & Rodríguez & Moro & Grande & Noreña 2021	<div><p>Euplana claridade sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C7E211FD-32AF-4FA4-A3EB-ACA1737DF2EE</p><p>Figs 1C, 4 D–H</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the new species, Euplana claridade, comes from “Claridade”, a journal of literary review that revolutionized Cape Verdean culture during the first half of the twentieth century.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype CAPE VERDE • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.896261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.896261)">São Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.896261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.896261)">Mindelo</a>; 16°53′46.54″ N, 24°59′32.93″ W (Fig. 1C V1); 23 Nov. 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; MNCN 4.01/2709 to 2718 (10 slides). One sagittally sectioned specimen stained with AZAN.</p><p>Description</p><p>BODY. Shape oval. Length 1.1 cm. Smooth dorsal surface. Background pigmentation ivory white, denser along the middle dorsal region of the body and in the intestinal braches (Fig. 4D). Two clusters of 16 cerebral eyes each (Fig. 4E). Ruffled pharynx. Male and female genital pores located in the second half of the body close behind the posterior end of the pharynx.</p><p>MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Male copulatory organ backwards oriented, englobed in a muscular bulb with a small penis papilla. Vas deferens opens proximally into the ejaculatory duct (Fig. 4 F–H). Without prostatic or seminal vesicle. Male atrium deep and thickened in the point of union with the penis (Fig. 4 F–H).</p><p>FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Rounded female atrium (Fig. 4 F–H). Vagina backwards oriented, surrounded by muscular fibres. Without Lang´s vesicle.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Euplana claridade sp. nov. belongs to the genus Euplana due to the absence of tentacles, prostatic vesicle and Lang´s vesicle, and presence of a true seminal vesicle and elongated coiling ejaculatory duct.</p><p>The genus Euplana encompasses 3 species, E. carolinensis Hyman, 1940, E. gracilis Girard, 1853 and E. hymanae Marcus, 1947 . The three species can be differentiated through the eyes number and disposition of them. E. gracilis and E. carolinensis present four cluster of eyes, two cerebral and two tentacular; E. hymanae and E. claridade sp. nov. only show two groups of cerebral eyes.</p><p>Within the reproductive system another differences can have founded, E. gracilis and E. hymanae present a small, short male atrium and a backwards oriented vagina externa, while E. carolinensis and E. claridade sp. nov. share a long tubular male atriumand a forward directed vagina externa.</p><p>Both species differ mainly in the male copulatory organ. The ejaculatory duct in E. carolinensis is wide and straight and by E. claridade sp. nov. is narrow and sinuous. Furthermore, the penis papilla is very short in E. carolinensis, while in E. claridade sp. nov. it is longer in comparison. On the other hand, the seminal vesicle is practically non-existent in E. claridade sp. nov., represented by the confluence of the two vasa deferentia, while in E. carolinensis it is a well-developed seminal vesicle, surrounded by circular muscles and in which the vas deferens empties proximally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF8CC11FFB2BFAA4FC1E374D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF8AC11CFBC2FC8BFB33364E.text	F13387D2FF8AC11CFBC2FC8BFB33364E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stylochus salis Cuadrado & Rodríguez & Moro & Grande & Noreña 2021	<div><p>Stylochus salis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8A640FC8-D74C-4617-9766-F0FB9806BD4B</p><p>Figs 1C, 5 A–D</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the new species, Stylochus salis refers to the type locality, Sal, a Cape Verdean Island.</p><p>Material examined (2 specs)</p><p>Holotype CAPE VERDE • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.945261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.650927" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.945261/lat 16.650927)">Sal Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.945261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.650927" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.945261/lat 16.650927)">Calheta Funda</a>; 16°39′03.34″ N, 22°56′42.94″ W (Fig. 1C V 3); 12 Nov. 2018; Leopoldo Moro leg.; MNCN 4.01/2719 to 2723 (5 slides). One sagittal sectioned specimen stained with AZAN.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>CAPE VERDE • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.896261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.896261)">Sao Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.896261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.896261)">Mindelo</a> (Fig. 1C V1); 16°53′46.54″ N, 24°59′32.93″ W; 6 May 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Description</p><p>BODY. Shape elongated. Length 0.4 cm. Smooth dorsal surface. Background pigmentation cream white with an orange internal outline, sometimes interrupted, along the body margin and bordered by a white/ creamy outer band (Fig. 5A). Few cerebral and marginal eyes, scattered between the tentacles and anterior end (Fig. 5C). Two small nuchal tentacles with abundant basal eyes (Fig. 5B). Ruffled pharynx in the middle of the body and the oral pore in the end of the pharynx pouch and close to the gonopores. Male and female gonopores located close together in the posterior end of the body.</p><p>MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Male copulatory organ backwards oriented and provided with an inconspicuous unarmed penis papilla. Prostatic vesicle muscular with granular lining (polyglandulartype after Bulnes et al. 2005) (Fig. 5D). Seminal vesicle elongated, empties at the distal end of the prostatic vesicle. The short penis papilla and ejaculatory duct emerge in a small male atrium (Fig. 5D).</p><p>FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Shows the characteristic configuration of the genus. A tubiform canal with s-shaped ending in a small widening.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Stylochus salis sp. nov. belongs to the genus Stylochus due to the presence of gonopores separate and arranged in the second body half. With large and much ruffled pharynx. Tentacular, cerebral, marginal, and often frontal eye-spots present. Male copulatory apparatus with seminal vesicle and papillate penis. Lang’s vesicle lacking (after Faubel 1983).</p><p>Stylochus salis sp. nov. clearly differs from other known species of Stylochus Ehrenberg, 1831 by its peculiar cream pigmentation bordered with the internal orange outline and the white/creamy outer band. The color of the eastern Atlantic known species ( S. alexandrinus, S. castaneus Palombi, 1939, S. neapolitanus, S. plessissii Lang, 1884, and S. suesensis Ehrenberg, 1831) varies between brown, light brown, reddish or beige and spotted as in S. neapolitanus . None of them present a continuous (or discontinuous) marginal line.</p><p>The most conspicuous anatomical feature is the location of the oral pore, very close to the gonopore, clearly different from the central position of the oral pore in this genus. The peculiar location of the oral and genital pores distinguishes S. salis sp. nov. from the remaining species. Such a close location of the pores could only be found in the genus Latocestus Plehn, 1896 ( Latocestidae, Stylochoidea).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF8AC11CFBC2FC8BFB33364E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF88C112FB26FECBFCA3346C.text	F13387D2FF88C112FB26FECBFCA3346C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Distylochus fundae Cuadrado & Rodríguez & Moro & Grande & Noreña 2021	<div><p>Distylochus fundae sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 27AE0619-D25F-48A0-8345-31D38765F732</p><p>Figs 1C, 5 E–H</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the new species, Distylochus fundae sp. nov. refers to the type locality Calheta Funda in the Island of Sal.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CAPE VERDE • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.945261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.650927" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.945261/lat 16.650927)">Sal Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-22.945261&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.650927" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -22.945261/lat 16.650927)">Calheta Funda</a>; 16°39′03.34″ N, 22°56′42.94″ W (Fig. 1C V 3); 14 Nov. 2018; Leopoldo Moro leg.; MNCN 4.01/2724 to 2725 (5 slides). One sagittally sectioned specimen stained with AZAN.</p><p>Description</p><p>BODY. Shape elongated. Length 0.4 cm. Smooth dorsal surface. Background pigmentation orange-garnet (Fig. 5E). Cerebral and tentacular eyes, scattered between the small tentacles (Fig. 5F). Ruffled pharynx, well developed, extending along ⅔ of the body. Male and female genital pores located in the posterior half of the body, together, but clearly separated.</p><p>MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Male copulatory system backwards oriented, with a small penis papilla. Prostatic vesicle surrounded by muscular layers and lined with fingered granular lining, most probably polyglandular (Fig. 5 G–H). Seminal vesicle divided into two sections. A muscular and elongated proximal section, and a more rounded distal section provided with a thin wall. Both regions separated by muscle narrowing (Fig. 5H). The distal section leads to the seminal duct that opens into the prostatic duct and forms a short ejaculatory duct. The two vasa deferentia dilated to form spermatic vesicles, open into the proximal section. Male atrium small, englobing a short penis papilla (Fig. 4H).</p><p>FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Apparatus simple and backwards oriented. Comprises an elongated tube without clear differentiation between external and internal vagina and ends in a small widening, without Lang’s vesicle.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new species belongs to the genus Distylochus due to the presence of few scattered marginal, tentacular and cerebral eyes. Gonopores together and are located near the posterior end. Male apparatus with a short papilla and unarmed. Seminal vesicle configured in two regions, following the “doublevesicle-system” after Faubel (1983) and female apparatus simple, without Lang’s vesicle.</p><p>There are currently only three known species for the genus Distylochus: D. pusillus (Bock, 1913) recorded for Hong Kong, D. martae (Marcus, 1947) in Brazil and D. isifer (Du Bois-Reymond, 1955) also from Brazil. These species were described on fixed specimens, therefore the colors are unknown, but apparently and after the original descriptions, they have pale pigmentation that contrast sharply with the orange-vermilion colors of the new species.</p><p>The most conspicuous difference of the new species is the disposition of female and male gonopore. In Distylochus fundae sp. nov. the gonopores are clearly separated, while in the Brazilian species are common and in the Chinese species are very close together.</p><p>New records</p><p>Following the known species that are captured in the study area. All of them have been studied through photographs and histological sections, currently in RCCN.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF88C112FB26FECBFCA3346C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF87C112F892FDA8FB383041.text	F13387D2FF87C112F892FDA8FB383041.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurylepta cornuta var. melobesiarum (Schmidtlein 1880) RCCN	<div><p>Eurylepta cornuta var. melobesiarum (Schmidtlein, 1880)</p><p>Figs 1C, 6</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CAPE VERDE • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907013/lat 16.902592)">São Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907013/lat 16.902592)">Baía das Gatas</a>; 16°54′09.33″ N, 24°54′25.25″ W (Fig. 1C V 2); May 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Ireland (Thompson 1845); Norway (M̹ller 1776); northwest France (Keferstein 1868); United Kingdom (Gamble 1893).</p><p>New record</p><p>S„o Vicente Island, Cape Verde.</p><p>Description</p><p>Body shape oval. Length 0.5 cm. Smooth dorsal surface; background color red-orange, with white dots scattered over the dorsal surface (Fig. 6 A–C). Ventral sucker in the posterior half of the body (Fig. 6F). Small tentacles. Few tentacular eyes distributed frontally and at the base of the tentacles. Cerebral eyes fused in a single elongated oval cluster (Fig. 6B). Ruffled pharynx located at the anterior third of the body. Oral pore posterior to the cerebral ganglion.</p><p>The reproductive system coincides with the original description, presenting the characteristic fold in front of the female genital pore mentioned by Lang (1884) for some specimens (Fig. 6 D–F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF87C112F892FDA8FB383041	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF87C110FB13FA3EFEA234AC.text	F13387D2FF87C110FB13FA3EFEA234AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloporus gabriellae Marcus 1950	<div><p>Cycloporus gabriellae Marcus, 1950</p><p>Figs 1C, 7B</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CAPE VERDE • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.89611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.89611)">São Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.89611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.89611)">Mindelo</a>; 16°53′46″ N, 24°59′32.93″ W (Fig. 1C V1); May 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>S„o Sebasti„o Isle, Brazil (Marcus 1950); S„o Paulo, Brazil (Marcus 1952); Antigua and Barbuda; Curaç„o, Netherlands Antilles; Isla de Aves, Venezuela (Marcus &amp; Marcus 1968).</p><p>New record</p><p>Mindelo, S„o Vicente Island, Cape Verde.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens of Cycloporus gabriellae captured in Cape Verde summarize the original description of C. gabriellae published by Marcus (1950), but differ externally and in coloration from C. gabriellae of Cabo Frio, Brazil (Bahia et al. 2014). This is the first record in the eastern region of the Atlantic Ocean for the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF87C110FB13FA3EFEA234AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF85C110F8BEFAC4FA9232A2.text	F13387D2FF85C110F8BEFAC4FA9232A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anonymus ruber Cuadrado, Moro & Norena 2017	<div><p>Anonymus ruber Cuadrado, Moro &amp; Noreña, 2017</p><p>Figs 1C, 7A</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CAPE VERDE • 3 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907013/lat 16.902592)">São Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907013/lat 16.902592)">Baía das Gatas</a>; 16°54′09.33″ N, 24°54′25.25″ W (Fig. 1C V 2); May 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tenerife Island, Canary Islands (type locality) (Cuadrado et al. 2017).</p><p>New record</p><p>Baía das Gatas, S„o Vicente Island, Cape Verde.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Anonymous ruber is characterized by reddish brown tones, but some individuals from Cape Verde are paler and presented cream tonalities. From an anatomical (internal or external) and molecular point of view, the species found in Cape Verde does not differ from the species in the Canary Islands (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF85C110F8BEFAC4FA9232A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF85C110FB6DFD92FC4A31DC.text	F13387D2FF85C110FB6DFD92FC4A31DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prostheceraeus moseleyi Lang 1884	<div><p>Prostheceraeus moseleyi Lang, 1884</p><p>Figs 1A, 7C</p><p>Material examined</p><p>AZORES • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-25.620033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.749786" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -25.620033/lat 37.749786)">São Miguel Island</a>; 37°44′59.23″ N, 25°37′12.12″ W (Fig. 1A 1); 22 Jul. 2001; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Tyrrhenian Sea (Lang 1884); Ria de Arosa, Spain (Noreña et al. 2015). This species has also been cited by DORIS (Données d’Observations pour la Reconnaissance et l’Identification de la faune et la flore Subaquatiques) for the English Channel and the North Sea, from the south of the United Kingdom to the Bay of Biscay (Spain) (http://doris.ffessm.fr/Especes/Prostheceraeus-moseleyi-Planaire-tachetee-716).</p><p>New record</p><p>S„o Miguel Island, Azores.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen collected in the Azores presents similar coloration to the specimen photographed by Wirtz &amp; Debelius (2003) and determined as Euryleptidae sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF85C110FB6DFD92FC4A31DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF84C116FB76FEECFAFC3771.text	F13387D2FF84C116FB76FEECFAFC3771.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoceros velutinus (Blanchard 1847)	<div><p>Pseudoceros velutinus (Blanchard, 1847)</p><p>Figs 1C, 7D</p><p>Proceros velutinus Blanchard, 1847: 273, pl. 8, fig. 2; pl. 9, fig. 1.</p><p>Eurylepta velutina – Diesing 1850: 210; 1862: 548. — Stimpson 1857: 2. — Schmarda 1859: 26. — Diesing 1862: 548.</p><p>Pseudoceros velutinus – Lang 1884: 538–539, pl. 5, fig. 4.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CAPE VERDE • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907013/lat 16.902592)">São Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907013&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907013/lat 16.902592)">Baía das Gatas</a>; 16°54′09.33″ N, 24°54′25.25″ W (Fig. 1C V 2); 5 May 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Gulf of Genova, Italy (type locality) (Blanchard 1847); Suez Canal, Egypt (Palombi 1928); Rovigno, Croatia (Vàtova 1928); Canary Islands (Cuadrado et al. 2017).</p><p>New record</p><p>Baía das Gatas, S„o Vicente, Cape Verde.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Pseudoceros velutinus is known for its velvety black pigmentation, but the coloration varies with transmitted or reflected light. Fig. 7D shows the appearance of P. velutinus with transmitted light.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF84C116FB76FEECFAFC3771	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF83C116FB0AFD49FC013362.text	F13387D2FF83C116FB0AFD49FC013362.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monobiceros langi Faubel 1984	<div><p>Monobiceros langi Faubel, 1984</p><p>Figs 1 C–D, 7E</p><p>Pseudoceros maximus Lang, 1884 (in part): 270–271, 543, pl. 30, fig. 17.</p><p>Monobiceros langi Faubel, 1984: 215 .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CAPE VERDE • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907011&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907011/lat 16.902592)">São Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.907011&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.902592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.907011/lat 16.902592)">Baía das Gatas</a>; 16°54′09.33″ N, 24°54′25.24″ W (Fig. 1C V 2); May 2017; Leopoldo More leg.; RCCN .</p><p>MOROCCO • 3 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.177189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.382778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.177189/lat 29.382778)">Sidi Ifni</a>; 29°22′58.00″ N, 10°10′37.88″O (Fig. 1D M 2); 2 Sep. 2016; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Gulf of Naples, Italy (Lang 1884); Cádiz, Spain (Bahia et al. 2017); Crete, Greece (Bahia et al. 2017).</p><p>New records</p><p>Baía das Gatas, São Vicente Island, Cape Verde. Sidi Ifni, Morocco. These are the first records outside the Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>Description</p><p>Body oval and elongated sometimes pear-shaped, with wavy margins and thickened dorsal midline. Length 2.3 cm. The background color varies with transmitted or reflected light. With reflected light, the dorsal surface is chocolate brown, speckled with white patches. Under transmitted light, the pigmentation looks milky brown with dark margins and a dark dorsal midline that delimited the characteristic bulge (Fig. 7E). Dorsal surface smooth. Tentacles formed by simple folds and cone-like in shape. Cerebral eyes form a single large rounded cluster behind the tentacles; frontal eyes scattered between the tentacles. Compact ruffled pharynx located directly behind the cerebral eyes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF83C116FB0AFD49FC013362	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF83C117FB04F8BFFC373651.text	F13387D2FF83C117FB04F8BFFC373651.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stylochus pilidium (Gotte 1881)	<div><p>Stylochus pilidium (Götte, 1881)</p><p>Figs 1 C–D, 6E, I, 7F–G</p><p>Stylochopsis pilidium Götte, 1881: 189 .</p><p>Planaria neapolitana – Götte 1878: 75–76. Stylochus pilidium – Götte 1882: 1–56, pls I–II. — Lang 1884: 320–321, 325, 329, 341–343, 351–353, 357, 401, pl. 36. fig. 19, pl. 37, figs 1, 16–17, 22.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CAPE VERDE • 3 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.896261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.896261)">São Vicente Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-24.992481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.896261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -24.992481/lat 16.896261)">Mindelo</a>; 16°53′46.54″ N, 24°59′32.93″ W (Fig. 1C V1); May 2017; Leopoldo More leg.; RCCN .</p><p>MOROCCO • 3 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.177189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.382778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.177189/lat 29.382778)">Sidi Ifni</a>; 29°22′58.00″ N, 10°10′37.88″ W (Fig. 1D M 2); 2 Sep. 2016; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea (type locality) (Götte 1881; Lang 1884; Lo Bianco 1888); Gulf of Venice (Bock 1925); Black Sea (Rzhepishevskii 1979); Vietnam (Dawydoff 1952); Somalia (Laidlaw 1903); Zanzibar (Meixner 1907).</p><p>New records</p><p>S„o Vicente Island, Cape Verde (Fig. 6E). Sidi Ifni, Morocco (Fig. 6I).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF83C117FB04F8BFFC373651	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF82C117FB99FCF5FF3931C7.text	F13387D2FF82C117FB99FCF5FF3931C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stylochus Ehrenberg 1831	<div><p>Stylochus sp.</p><p>Figs 1A, 7H</p><p>Material examined</p><p>AZORES • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-25.620033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.749786" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -25.620033/lat 37.749786)">São Miguel Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-25.620033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.749786" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -25.620033/lat 37.749786)">Ponta Delgada</a>; 37°44′59.23″ N, 25°37′12.12″ W (Fig. 1A A1); 22 Jul. 2001; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>New record</p><p>São Miguel Island, Azores. This is the first record for the genus Stylochus in the Azores. No molecular data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF82C117FB99FCF5FF3931C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF82C117F8BFFA86FE5132BB.text	F13387D2FF82C117F8BFFA86FE5132BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stylochus neapolitanus (Delle Chiaje, 1841- 1844)	<div><p>Stylochus neapolitanus (Delle Chiaje, 1841 –1844)</p><p>Figs 1D, 7I</p><p>Planaria neapolitana Delle Chiaje, 1841: vol. III: 133 (text); vol. V: 112 (description); pl. 109, figs 13– 15, 22.</p><p>Stylochus neapolitanus – Lang 1884: 447–449, pl. 1, fig. 7.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>MOROCCO • 2 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.177189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.382778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.177189/lat 29.382778)">Sidi Ifni</a>; 29°22′58.00″ N, 10°10′37.88″ W (Fig. 1D M1); 2 Sep. 2016; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Mediterranean Sea, Sicily (type locality) (Delle Chiaje 1841); Naples, Italy (Lang 1884); Catalonia, Spain (Novell 2003); Mar Menor, Murcia, Spain (Marquina et al. 2014); Ría de Arousa, Galicia, Spain (Noreña et al. 2015); Cape Verde (Laidlaw 1906); Rufisque, Senegal (Palombi 1939).</p><p>New record</p><p>Sidi Ifni, Morocco.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF82C117F8BFFA86FE5132BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF81C114FB6DFEECFEB93050.text	F13387D2FF81C114FB6DFEECFEB93050.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planocera pellucida (Mertens 1833)	<div><p>Planocera pellucida (Mertens, 1833)</p><p>Figs 1B, 7J</p><p>Planaria pellucida Mertens, 1833: 8–13, pl. 1</p><p>Stylochus pellucidus – Ehrenberg 1836: 67. — Diesing 1850: 216. — Claparède 1861: 143. — Moseley 1877: 23.</p><p>Planocera pellucida – Örsted 1844: 48.</p><p>Gnesioceros pellucidus – Diesing 1862: 571.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>MADEIRA • 1 spec.; 32°41′18.52″ N, 16°58′57.36″ W (Fig. 1B); 2000; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Atlantic Ocean, between Newfoundland and Ireland (type locality) (Mertens 1833); Pacific Ocean (Graff 1892; Woodworth 1894; Plehn 1896); Canary Islands (De Vera et al. 2009; Cuadrado et al. 2017); Vietnam (Dawydoff 1952); the North Sea (Prudhoe 1982); Japan (Kato 1938); the Mediterranean Sea (Lang 1879, 1884; Riedl 1959; Marquina et al. 2014); pelagic fauna of the Atlantic Ocean (Graff 1892; Plehn 1896); Cape Verde and Ascension islands (Plehn 1896; Laidlaw 1903);</p><p>New record</p><p>Madeira.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Planocera pellucida, together with Pseudoceros wirtzi, Pseudoceros cf. maximus and Prostheceraeus giesbrechtii are the three polyclad species currently recorded for Madeira. As can be seen in Fig. 7J. The specimens of Planocera pellucida from Madeira do not differ molecularly from those captured in the Canary Islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF81C114FB6DFEECFEB93050	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF81C115FB10FA64FD1E3711.text	F13387D2FF81C115FB10FA64FD1E3711.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Discocelis tigrina (Blanchard 1847)	<div><p>Discocelis tigrina (Blanchard, 1847)</p><p>Figs 1B, 7K</p><p>Polycelis tigrinus Blanchard, 1847: 271–272, pl. 8, fig. 1.</p><p>Leptoplana tigrina – Diesing 1850: 195; 1862: 527.</p><p>Elasmos tigrinus – Stimpson 1857: 3.</p><p>Discocelis tigrina – Lang 1884: 467–469, pl. 3, fig. 3; pl. 4, fig. 1; pl. 2, fig. 6.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CANARY ISLANDS • 1 spec.; Gran Canaria, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-15.625514&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.74735" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -15.625514/lat 27.74735)">Pasito Blanco</a>; 27°44′50.46″ N, 15°37′31.85″ W (Fig. 1B C1); 9 Aug. 2016; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Río de Oro peninsula, Western Sahara (Palombi 1939); Naples, Italy (Lang 1884); Catalonia, Spain (Novell 2003); Asturias, Spain (Marquina et al. 2014); Galicia, Spain (Noreña et al. 2015); Mauritania (Palombi 1939).</p><p>New record</p><p>Pasito Blanco, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF81C115FB10FA64FD1E3711	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
F13387D2FF80C12AFB72FD05FBA7307D.text	F13387D2FF80C12AFB72FD05FBA7307D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gnesioceros sargassicola (Mertens 1833)	<div><p>Gnesioceros sargassicola (Mertens, 1833)</p><p>Figs 1B, 7L</p><p>Planaria sargassicola Mertens, 1833: 13–14, pl. I, figs 4–6.</p><p>Stylochus Mertensi Diesing, 1850: 216 .</p><p>Stylochus sargassicola – Ehrenberg 1836: 67. — Claparède 1861: 143.</p><p>Planocera sargassicola – Örsted 1844: 48.</p><p>Gnesioceros sargassicola – Diesing 1862: 571.</p><p>Gnesioceros Mertensi – Diesing 1862: 572.</p><p>Stylochus Mertensi – Moseley 1877: 23.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CANARY ISLANDS – Gran Canaria Island • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-15.625514&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.74735" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -15.625514/lat 27.74735)">Pasito Blanco</a>; 27°44′50.46″ N, 15°37′31.85″ W (Fig. 1B C1); 4 Jan. 2017; Leopoldo Moro leg.; RCCN. – Tenerife Island • 1 spec.; 28°24′35.71″ N, 16°18′25.31″ W (Fig. 1B C 2); 7 Jun. 2011; Leopoldo Moro leg. RCCN .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Bermuda Islands (Hyman 1939); Sargasso Sea, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean (Faubel 1983); Gulf of Mexico (Hyman 1954); Atlantic Ocean (Moseley 1877); Boa Vista Island, Cape Verde (Laidlaw 1903); Santa Marta, Colombia (Quiroga 2008); Netherlands, Puerto Rico, Florida, USA, Sargasso Sea, Atlantic Ocean (Marcus &amp; Marcus 1968).</p><p>New records</p><p>Pasito Blanco, Gran Canaria, and Tenerife, Canary Islands.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Gnesioceros sargassicola was limited to the Antilles and the Caribbean Sea until the record of Laidlaw (1903) for the Cape Verde Islands. The new record of G. sargassicola for the Canary Islands shows a progressive ‘colonisation’ of the Atlantic east coast.</p><p>Molecular analysis</p><p>The main purpose of the 28S analysis was to confirm the determinations made from the morphological study and verify the relationships among similar species.</p><p>The recovered topology by both trees, Bayesian Inference (BI) as well as Maximum Likelihood (ML) strongly supports the monophyly of the suborders Acotylea and Cotylea (Fig. 8; Acotylea: BPP (Bayesian</p><p>posterior probabilities) = 1 and BS (Bootstrap values of ML analysis) = 73, Cotylea: BPP = 0.98, BS = 100).</p><p>Within Acotylea, the monophyly of Leptoplanoidea (BPP = 1, BS = 97) and Stylochoidea (BPP = 1, BS = 73) is well supported. Callioplana marginata Stimpson, 1857 considered within the superfamily Stylochoidea appears isolated with the highest support (BS = 100).</p><p>As a sister group of Leptoplanoidea, there is a clade of species: Ilyella gigas (Schmarda 1859), Discocelis tigrina (Blanchard, 1847), Adenoplana evelinae Marcus, 1950, Amemiyaia pacifica Kato, 1944 and Phaenocelis medvedica Marcus, 1952 showing low support and not clearly grouped (Fig. 8).</p><p>The main group of Leptoplanoidea encloses the family Leptoplanidae, with the genera Leptoplana Ehrenberg, 1831 and Armatoplana Faubel, 1983, and the family Notoplanidae Marcus &amp; Marcus, 1966 with the genera Notoplana Laidlaw, 1903 and Notocomplana Faubel, 1983 . Pseudostylochus Yeri &amp; Kaburaki, 1918 and Koinostylochus Faubel, 1983 appear together and belong to the family Pseudostylochidae Faubel, 1983 .</p><p>Within Stylochoidea, four main clades are recovered: family Stylochidae with the genera Stylochus, Imogine Girard, 1853 and Paraplanocera Laidlaw, 1903 (see the Discussion); family Latocestidae Laidlaw, 1903 with Leptostylochus Bock, 1925 and Latocestus; family Hoploplanidae StummerTraunfels, 1933 with Hoploplana Laidlaw, 1902 and finally family Planoceridae with Paraplanocera Laidlaw, 1903 and Planocera . Callioplana marginata can be considered a sister group of Stylochoidea .</p><p>Within the suborder Cotylea, the families Cestoplanidae Lang, 1884, Pericelidae Laidlaw, 1902 and Anonymidae represented by the genera Cestoplana Lang, 1884 (BPP = 1, BS 100), Pericelis (BPP = 1, BS 100) and Anonymus (BPP = 1, BS 100), respectively are presented as isolated groups. While Boninia Bock, 1923, Chromyella Correa, 1958 and Theama Marcus, 1949 form a well-supported group (BPP = 1, BS = 100), although currently belonging to separate families and not specifically related to each other.</p><p>After Anonymidae, we find a well-supported branch (BPP = 0.9, BS = 95) that encompasses the families Prosthiostomidae Lang, 1884, Euryleptidae and Pseudocerotidae . This branch is, in turn, divided into two main branches (both supported by maximum values: BPP = 1, BS = 100) where Prosthiostomidae is separated from Euryleptidae and Pseudocerotidae, families with a clear relation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF80C12AFB72FD05FBA7307D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cuadrado, Daniel;Rodríguez, Jorge;Moro, Leopoldo;Grande, Cristina;Noreña, Carolina	Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina, Noreña, Carolina (2021): Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia. European Journal of Taxonomy 736: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249
