taxonID	type	description	language	source
F0061772FFCB61086DC0A2E7FCD8FBBC.taxon	description	In the present study, 13 Nylanderia species and morphospecies are recorded for Hong Kong, with nine new records, one species having their record confirmed for the region (i. e., Nylanderia indica (Forel, 1894 )), and two species having their record ascribed as dubious (i. e., N. bourbonica and N. vividula) (Table 1). Of the nine new records, two of them were not possible to ascribe to valid species names, so we treated them as morphospecies (i. e. Nylanderia IBBL- 01 and Nylanderia IBBL- 02). We also recorded eight Nylanderia species and morphospecies for Macao, four of them being considered new records; two of them were from valid species names, while the other two were from morphospecies. The list of all records can be found at Table 1.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFCB61076DC0A7ADFA0BF884.taxon	description	Species recorded for Hong Kong are indicated in the key with a single asterisk (e. g. N. amia *), while species recorded for Macao are marked with a double asterisk (e. g. N. picta **). Since N. yerburyi has a wide variation in length of the propodeum dorsum, it runs through two different couplets in the key.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC561066DC0A3F8FD2EFA8A.taxon	discussion	The following characters differentiate individuals to which the name Nylanderia refers from other individuals of Formicinae (LaPolla et al. 2010; Williams & LaPolla 2016): mandibles of females with 6 teeth (see Nylanderia opisopthalmia for an exception); eyes placed slightly anterior to the midline of head (see Nylanderia opisopthalmia for an exception); outer margin of mandibles without longitudinal striations; deep and complete mesosomal sutures; maxillary palps 6 - segmented; labial palps 4 - segmented; erect setae on dorsum of head; males with ‘ well developed’ mandibles, each with a prominent apical tooth and often a small basal tooth (or just a pronounced basal angle); in lateral view, males with dorsal margin of mesonotum (i. e. mesoscutum and mesoscutellum) flat; males with the 9 th abdominal sternite often obscured by 8 th sternite.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC561006DC0A5A8FE1DFB52.taxon	description	(Figure 12; Figure 25. A)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC561006DC0A5A8FE1DFB52.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia amia can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of the dorsum of the propodeum almost as long as declivity, abundant pubescence on head, head and dorsum of mesosoma faintly and sparsely reticulate, cuticle with a blue iridescence, pronotum with 10 to 12 erect macrosetae (PMC 5 – 6), and mesonotum with 6 – 8 erect macrosetae (MMC 3 – 4).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC561006DC0A5A8FE1DFB52.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 3 workers). ClL 0.197 – 0.220; ClW 0.481 – 0.498; HL 0.750 – 0.799; HW 0.679 – 0.716; EL 0.215 – 0.228; MaD 0.123 – 0.137; IoD 0.395 – 0.417; SL 0.917 – 0.948; ML 1.024 – 1.119; PrL 0.356 – 0.370; PrW 0.480 – 0.513; PrFL 0.709 – 0.767; MeL 0.258 – 0.265; MeW 0.276 – 0.307; PrpL 0.201 – 0.246; PrpH 0.360 – 0.423; PrpW 0.378 – 0.399; PL 0.229 – 0.273; Ab 3 L 0.498 – 0.587; TL 2.501 – 2.778; PMC 5 – 6; MMC 3 – 4; MI 52.2 – 52.7; CI 89.6 – 91.0; DNI 57.5 – 59.8; IoI 58.2 – 59.7; OI 31.4 – 32.9; SI 132.5 – 137.0; REL 28.1 – 30.0; MaI 53.9 – 63.7. Compare with: N. birmana, N. bourbonica, N. IBBL- 01, N. sharpii. Morphology. Trager (1984) and Terayama (1999) both mention that N. amia can be easily differentiated from N. bourbonica by color, size, head width, pubescence, and genital structure. Likewise, both authors do not provide any further discriminatory information on the mentioned features in their diagnosis or commentaries on variation found in specimens of N. bourbonica (Trager 1984) or in the diagnosis of N. amia (Terayama 1999) — e. g., variation of pubescence in specific regions, such as pronotum, mesopleuron, propodeum, and first gaster tergite. In the current study, specimens previously identified as N. amia, sampled in distinct localities in Hong Kong and Macao had some variation in pubescence in the mesopleuron, with some species ascribed to N. amia presenting only some scarce pubescence in the sclerite. In most specimens observed, the head, mesosoma, petiole, and gaster are completely jet black to dark brown. Other specimens (including the syntype) have these body parts completely light brown. Most specimens have a blue iridescence in the cuticle, although it is not easily seen in some instances (i. e., in certain light or positional conditions). This same iridescence could not be observed in images of some type specimens. The identity of N. bourbonica has sometimes been disputed (Trager 1984; Terayama 1999; Williams et al. 2022), meaning that, despite being variable in worker morphology and having a broad distribution, establishing unambiguous boundaries for the species is difficult. The species is commonly understood as a ‘ complex of cryptic species’, given its overall superficial resemblance among specimens that are considered to constitute distinct lineages, based on distinct molecular delimitation methods (Williams et al. 2022). However, the apparent ‘ crypticity’ observed in workers belonging to this species can be better explored with a shift on framework and types of evidence used (e. g., Korshunova et al. 2019); in conjunction with molecular approaches, morphological data obtained from males and queens can be relevant to address species boundaries in the genus — as seen in Kallal & LaPolla (2012) and LaPolla et al. (2019) and discussed by Williams et al. (2022). In Hong Kong and Macao, N. amia has been confused, understandably, with N. bourbonica. After Terayama’s (1999) study on the Japanese species of the former Paratrechina, the boundaries between both species have been made clearer, although they are still considerably hard to differentiate. Other species occurring in Hong Kong have also been equivocally identified as N. bourbonica (Williams et al. 2022; also, see Morphology in the N. IBBL- 01 discussion), although several morphological differences have been found among them.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC561006DC0A5A8FE1DFB52.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Specimens were found in areas with different degrees of disturbance, but mostly near urban areas (e. g., Shing Mun, Chek Lap Kok, and Cotai Ecological Zone II). This might indicate a preference of the species for more disturbed habitats, although more records are necessary to confirm this.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC561006DC0A5A8FE1DFB52.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Given the similarities between N. amia and N. bourbonica, the lack of relevant evidence for unambiguously demarcating both species and considering the most recent proposal of a putative insular origin for N. bourbonica (Williams et al. 2022), we opted to consider all records for N. bourbonica in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and neighboring mainland regions as dubious. Although the presence of this species is highly probable in those places, given its known invasive potential, we opt to take a conservative stance until a more inclusive revisionary study for the region is conducted. Examined material. Image of a syntype worker from Hengshun, Taiwan (Form 10360001) deposited in TARI, Taichung City, Taiwan. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Tsuen Wan, Shing Mun, 22.38499 114.14395 ± 500 m, elevation 197 m, 16. v. 2016, Y. Luo col., # ISP 0037; (1 worker) Chek Lap Kok, 22.3139 113.9398, 15. iii. 16, AW 4; (1 worker) Islands, Tung Chung, 22.28363 113.94063 ± 10 m, elevation 32 m, 20. ix. 2016, M. Pierce col., # IAS- 0062; (1 worker) Signal Hill Gardens, 22.296036 114.174716, elevation 62 m, 17. viii. 2021, M. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Gilwell Campsite, 22.36003 114.22204, elevation 416 m, 24. ix. 2021, M. Hamer col. [IBBL]; Macao: (2 workers) Coloane Island, Cotai Ecological Zone II, 22.1418 N 113.5519 E, ca 2 m, 26. vi. 2019, MAC _ S 20 _ LLSP _ Sp. 4, F. Brassard col. [IBBL].	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC361026DC0A510FB22FF42.taxon	description	(Figure 13; Figure 25. B)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC361026DC0A510FB22FF42.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia birmana can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of dorsal margin of the propodeum almost as long as posterior margin, head and dorsum of mesosoma completely reticulate, pronotum with 4 to 8 erect macrosetae (PMC 2 – 4), and mesonotum with 4 to 8 erect macrosetae (MMC 2 – 4).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC361026DC0A510FB22FF42.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 1 worker). MdL 0.393; ClL 0.199; ClW 0.480; HL 0.712; HW 0.593; EL 0.189; MaD 0.142; IoD 0.373; SL 0.811; ML 1.027; PrL 0.353; PrW 0.439; PrFL 0.727; MeL 0.247; MeW 0.250; PrpL 0.213; PrpH 0.396; PrpW 0.327; PL 0.230; Ab 3 L 0.505; TL 2.474; PMC 4; MMC 4; CI 83.3; DNI 56.9; IoI 62.9; OI 31.9; SI 136.7; REL 26.5; MaI 75.1. Compare with: N. emmae, N. flaviabdominis, N. IBBL- 01, N. yaeyamensis. Morphology. This species is promptly recognized by its sculpturing pattern on the body. Interestingly, the diagnosis provided by Wachkoo & Bharti (2015) does not match the observed images of the type specimens for the species (specimen CASENT 0911000); it does, however, match with the characters observed in the type specimen of one of its subspecies, Nylanderia birmana hodgsoni (Forel, 1902), described also from Myanmar (specimen CASENT 0911001). It is possible that what researchers have been calling N. birmana may be composed of two different species, with N. birmana hodgsoni being one of them. Nonetheless, only with an inclusive revisionary study for the genus — including direct examination of the type specimens for each taxon — will it be possible to support this claim.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC361026DC0A510FB22FF42.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The species has been recorded mostly in subtropical forests, both semi-evergreen and evergreen (Wachkoo & Bharti 2015; Wheeler 1927). According to Wachkoo & Bharti (2015), the only specimen sampled was found underneath a stone along a roadside at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, in a subtropical, semi-evergreen forest of Uttarakhand with honey baiting. In this study, the sole worker sampled was found in a well-preserved area, hinting at very specific habitat requirements for this species.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC361026DC0A510FB22FF42.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Although it has a widespread distribution (from Northwestern India to Southeastern China), it is not commonly recorded, with several distribution gaps in-between. Examined material. Image of a syntype worker from Mawlamyine, Myanmar (CASENT 0911000) deposited in MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland. Image of a syntype worker of Nylanderia birmana hodgsoni from Mawlamyine, Myanmar (CASENT 0911001) deposited in MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Tai Po, Tai Po Kau, 22.43245 114.18593 ± 500 m, elevation 77 m, 17. v. 2016, Y. Luo col., # ISP 0057. [IBBL].	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC1611D6DC0A160FF6BFA5E.taxon	description	(Figure 14; Figure 25. C)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC1611D6DC0A160FF6BFA5E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia emmae can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of oval-shaped head, yellow to light brown coloration, yellow to light brown macrosetae, malar area with longitudinal rugulae, mesopleuron without pubescence, promesonotal suture and metanotal groove complete, and mesopleuron and lateral area of propodeum with longitudinal striation.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC1611D6DC0A160FF6BFA5E.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 3 workers). ClL 0.195 – 0.268; ClW 0.48 – 0.556; HL 0.808 – 0.855; HW 0.743 – 0.773; EL 0.193 – 0.211; MaD 0.160 – 0.170; IoD 0.424 – 0.447; SL 1.020 – 1.208; ML 1.259 – 1.379; PrL 0.463 – 0.482; PrW 0.510 – 0.521; PrFL 0.376 – 0.414; MeL 0.218 – 0.279; MeW 0.237 – 0.242; PrpL 0.274 – 0.301; PrpH 0.390 – 0.436; PrpW 0.376 – 0.414; PL 0.285 – 0.335; Ab 3 L 0.588 – 0.615; TL 2.99 – 3.15; PMC 4 – 5; MMC 3 – 4; CI 88.4 – 91.9; DNI 45.4 – 46.4; IoI 57.0 – 59.0; OI 25.9 – 27.3; SI 137.3 – 156.3; REL 22.9 – 24.7; MaI 75.8 – 88.1. Compare with: N. birmana, N. flaviabdominis, N. IBBL- 01, N. yaeyamensis. Morphology. Along with N. flaviabdominis, this species has a very peculiar set of characters that make them easily recognizable among the Nylanderia species in the region (see Diagnosis for both N. emmae and N. flaviabdominis). Given their long and ‘ constricted’ mesosoma, both species were thought to belong to Prenolepis when first described. However, both morphological and molecular evidence supports their placement in Nylanderia (Blaimer et al. 2015; Williams & LaPolla 2016). In the seven specimens analyzed in this work, there was little variation in all characters. Most variations observed were related to the type of sculpture, especially in the malar region; nonetheless, the degree of variation was minimal. Additionally, we observed color variation among specimens, some of them being considerably darker, with an overlap in coloration with N. flaviabdominis (which is mostly dark orange-brown; see Williams & LaPolla 2016). This color variation could influence equivocal species identification (e. g. Liu et al. 2015), despite malar and propodeal sculpture differing consistently between N. emmae and N. flaviabdominis. Misidentification of both species could possibly be influenced by the lack of inclusive and recent revisionary works for the genus in the region. Although we had the opportunity to study several specimens, N. emmae still has a low representation in samples, being infrequently collected, even at local scales, affecting our comprehension of character variation in this species.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC1611D6DC0A160FF6BFA5E.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Specimens studied here were mostly sampled in better preserved areas (i. e., country parks) at different elevations. Most commonly, individuals of N. emmae were found in locations above 230 m a. s. l., with some specimens being found below that (e. g., in samples from Tai Po Kau at 77 m a. s. l.).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFC1611D6DC0A160FF6BFA5E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nylanderia emmae appears to be widely distributed in China, although being locally uncommon. Examined material. Hong Kong: (2 workers) Lung Fu Shan, 22.279 114.1361, elevation 250 m, 8. vii. 2020, P. Schultheiss col.; (1 worker) Tai Po, Tai Po Kau, 22.39566 114.14997 ± 500 m, elevation 245 m, 25. v. 2016, Y. Luo col., # ISP 0077; (1 worker) Tai Po, Tai Po Kau, 22.43245 114.18593 ± 500 m, elevation 77 m, 17. v. 2016, Y. Luo col., # ISP 0054; (1 worker) Southern, Tai Tam, 22.26700 114.21329 ± 500 m, elevation 341 m, 16. ix. 2016, C. Leung col., # Ba-IAS- 22 - 02 - 21; (1 worker) Tai Mo Shan, 22.42354204 114.128245, elevation 592 m, 14. ix. 2022, M. Hamer & A. Ibañez col., TMS 2 T 3 W 4 - 1; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.42358102 114.128304, elevation 590 m, 14. ix. 2022, M. Hamer & A. Ibañez, TMS 2 T 4 W 3 - 3 [IBBL]; (1 worker), Victoria Park, 27. vi. 1999, Sk. Yamane [SKYC].	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDE611F6DC0A61CFD18FEDE.taxon	description	(Figure 15; Figure 25. D)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDE611F6DC0A61CFD18FEDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia flaviabdominis can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of a rectangular head, dark orange-brown coloration, dark macrosetae, malar area with rugoreticulation, mesopleuron without pubescence, promesonotal suture and metanotal groove complete, and mesopleuron and lateral area of propodeum with rugoreticulation.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDE611F6DC0A61CFD18FEDE.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 1 worker). MdL 0.422; ClL 0.207; ClW 0.503; HL 0.846; HW 0.688; EL 0.2; MaD 0.141; IoD 0.439; SL 1.215; ML 1.339; PrL 0.466; PrW 0.535; PrFL 0.988; MeL 0.305; MeW 0.263; PrpL 0.303; PrpH 0.409; PrpW 0.419; PL 0.38; Ab 3 L 0.637; TL 3.202; PMC 2; MMC 3; CI 81.3; DNI 49.1; IoI 63.8; OI 29.1; SI 176.6; REL 23.6; MaI 70.5. Compare with: N. birmana, N. emmae, N. IBBL- 01, N. yaeyamensis. Morphology. Although being easily recognized among the South Chinese Nylanderia fauna, this species is infrequently collected and, sometimes, erroneously identified (e. g., Liu et al. 2015). Nonetheless, considering color variation found in N. emmae — which appears to overlap on some occasions with the coloration observed in N. flaviabdominis — misidentifications may be common (see N. emmae Morphology). The specimen studied here, however, had less erect macrosetae distributed throughout the body when compared to the specimen imaged at Williams & LaPolla (2016). Lastly, the studied specimen had abundant pubescence distributed throughout the body (especially mesosoma and gaster), greatly differing from Williams’s & LaPolla’s (2016) description from the species. Apart from that, all other features are consistent with the diagnosis for the species.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDE611F6DC0A61CFD18FEDE.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. According to Zhu & Wang (2014), this species is an important disperser of Corydalis wilfordii Regel and Corydalis racemosa (Thunb.) Pers. seeds in the subtropical evergreen forests of Jiugongshan, in Hubei.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDE611F6DC0A61CFD18FEDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nylanderia flaviabdominis appears to be widely distributed in China, although being locally rare. Examined material. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Tai Po, Tai Po Kau, 22.43245 114.18593 ± 500 m, elevation 77 m, 17. v. 2016, Y. Luo col., # ISP 0057 [IBBL].	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDC611E6DC0A1B8FF66FA7A.taxon	description	(Figure 16; Figure 25. E)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDC611E6DC0A1B8FF66FA7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia flavipes can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of mesonotum with sparse appressed setae, dorsum of head with abundant pubescence, eyes relatively large (MaI 50.6 – 56.1; REL 27.7 – 28.5) with 10 to 12 ommatidia in the longest row, yellow to light brown macrosetae at least in the mesosoma, pronotum with 6 to 8 erect macrosetae (PMC 3 – 4), and mesonotum with 6 to 8 erect macrosetae (MMC 3 – 4).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDC611E6DC0A1B8FF66FA7A.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 3 workers). ClL 0.134 – 0.15; ClW 0.378 – 0.394; HL 0.605 – 0.623; HW 0.514 – 0.545; EL 0.17 – 0.173; MaD 0.086 – 0.097; IoD 0.321 – 0.331; SL 0.669 – 0.718; ML 0.776 – 0.81; PrL 0.252 – 0.282; PrW 0.385 – 0.406; PrFL 0.533 – 0.577; MeL 0.176 – 0.216; MeW 0.205 – 0.222; PrpL 0.154 – 0.16; PrpH 0.287 – 0.318; PrpW 0.284 – 0.292; PL 0.204 – 0.238; Ab 3 L 0.318 – 0.388; TL 2 – 2.1; PMC 3 – 4; MMC 3 – 4; CI 83.8 – 87.5; DNI 50.5 – 57.1; IoI 60.8 – 62.5; OI 31.8 – 33.3; SI 129.2 – 134.5; REL 27.7 – 28.5; MaI 50.6 – 56.1. Compare with: N. indica, N. IBBL- 01, N. ryukyuensis, N. sharpii, N. taylori, N. vividula. Morphology. Similar to N. sharpii, specimens belonging to N. flavipes have relatively large eyes (MaI 50.6 – 56.1; REL 27.7 – 28.5), with 10 to 12 ommatidia in the longest row, sparse pubescence on the mesonotum, and abundant pubescence on the dorsum of the head. The most important difference between both species is the color of the macrosetae, which is darker in N. sharpii and lighter in N. flavipes. See Morphology in N. sharpii for a discussion on the identity of both species. In other regions (more specifically Japan), N. flavipes is more similar to N. ryukyuensis, although the former has a lighter mesosoma compared to the latter (Terayama 1999). Additionally, the ocelli are present in N. flavipes (Kallal & LaPolla 2012), while in N. ryukyuensis they are extremely reduced or completely absent.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDC611E6DC0A1B8FF66FA7A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. According to Onoyama et al. (2003), this species nests in leaf litter, rotting wood, and soil in grasslands and forests, feeding on nectar and small dead animals. Based on specimens sampled in this study, N. flavipes is mostly restricted to lowlands (i. e., between 2 m and 30 m a. s. l.). This species also establishes colonies with more than one nest by budding (Ichinose 1986), with some of those budded nests becoming independent in summer, with the majority merging with other nests in autumn (Ichinose 1987).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDC611E6DC0A1B8FF66FA7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia and is introduced mostly to the Northeastern United States (Trager 1984; Ivanov & Milligan 2008), the Caucasus region, Iran and Europe where outdoor populations are not established in the latter (Wetterer 2011; Janicki et al. 2016). Examined material. Image of the lectotype worker from Hiogo, Japan (CASENT 0903130) deposited in NHMUK, London, United Kingdom. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Yuen Long: Mai Po, 22.48794 114.04089 ± 500 m, elevation 6 m, 13. vii. 2016, M. Pierce col. (# Ba-IAS- 15 - 01 - 08); (1 worker) Yuen Long, Lok Ma Chau, 22.51384 114.06326 ± 10 m, elevation 6 m, 7. x. 2016, M. Pierce col. (# IAS- 0134); (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.51127 114.06598 ± 10 m, elevation 5 m, 7. x. 2016, M. Pierce col. (# IAS- 0111); (1 worker) Islands: Disneyland, 22.31825 114.04195 ± 10 m, elevation 25 m, 28. ix. 2016, M. Pierce col. (# IAS- 0089); (1 worker) Shek Kong, Chuck Farm, 22.41901397 114.079119, elevation 26 m, 22 – 29. ix. 2021, Malaise, A. Ibañez col. (CF 1 M 1); (1 worker) Tuen Mun, Pillar Point Sewage Station, 22.36561 113.94457, elevation 2 m, 25 - 02. vi – vii. 2021, Malaise, A. Ibañez col. (PP 2 M 1); (1 worker) Tuen Mun, Tuen Mun Park, 22.39179 113.97412, elevation 16 m, 13. vii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col [IBBL].	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDD61186DC0A638FA19FD86.taxon	description	(Figure 17; Figure 25. F)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDD61186DC0A638FA19FD86.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia IBBL- 01 can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of dorsum of propodeum convex in lateral view, head and mesosoma yellow, dark macrosetae on whole body, eye length 4.5 x times the lateral margin of the head (REL 22.7), third to fifth gastral segments yellow to light brown, pronotum with 8 to 12 erect macrosetae (PMC 4 – 6), mesonotum with 4 to 8 erect macrosetae (MMC 2 – 4), head oval in dorsal view, and posterior margin of head without a median incision.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDD61186DC0A638FA19FD86.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 4 workers). ClL 0.124 – 0.144; ClW 0.281 – 0.324; HL 0.487 – 0.52; HW 0.423 – 0.439; EL 0.107 – 0.118; MaD 0.1 – 0.119; IoD 0.288 – 0.292; SL 0.63 – 0.672; ML 0.687 – 0.736; PrL 0.199 – 0.242; PrW 0.314 – 0.328; PrpW 0.243 – 0.263; PrFL 0.48 – 0.515; MeL 0.142 – 0.152; MeW 0.156 – 0.168; PrpL 0.151 – 0.167; PrpH 0.219 – 0.244; PL 0.165 – 0.179; Ab 3 L 0.271 – 0.335; TL 1.661 – 1.716; PMC 4 – 6; MMC 2 – 4; CI 83.7 – 87.3; DNI 49.2 – 51.2; IoI 65.8 – 68.7; OI 25.1 – 27.4; SI 148.2 – 153.1; REL 21.2 – 23.2; MaI 85.6 – 102.6. Compare with: N. birmana, N. emmae, N. flaviabdominis, N. picta, N. yaeyamensis. Morphology. Macrosetae count on the pronotum are nearly always 8 (PMC 4), however, some individuals were noted to have a PMC count of 6 due to the presence of shorter macrosetae adjacent to the anteriormost macrosetae. In specimens with PMC 4, these shorter macrosetae may have been abraded or were never present judging from the lack of setae insertions. Macrosetae on the anteriormost section of the mesonotum are always smaller than those on the posterior portion. In some cases, the smaller macrosetae were clearly abraded, but the setae insertions were still present.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDD61186DC0A638FA19FD86.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The specimens for this morphospecies were collected in both country parks and urban parks, with varying degrees of disturbance, which could be indicative of a plasticity in terms of habitat preferences.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDD61186DC0A638FA19FD86.taxon	distribution	Distribution. So far, this species is recorded for Hong Kong and Macao, with possible distribution in Guangdong. Examined material. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Islands, Lung Fu Shan Country Park, 22.2766 114.1351, elevation 248 m, 20. ix. 2019, S. Nooten & P. Schultheiss cols.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 27. ix. 2019, S. Nooten & P. Schultheiss cols.; (2 workers) Islands, Lung Fu Shan Country Park, 22.2754 114.1349, elevation 250 m, 27. ix. 2019, S. Nooten & P. Schultheiss cols.; (2 workers) same data as preceding, 10. x. 2019, S. Nooten & T. Bogar cols.; (1 worker) Islands, Lung Fu Shan Country Park, 22.2782 114.1349, elevation 244 m, 11. ix. 2019, S. Nooten & K. Chan cols.; (1 worker) Islands, Lung Fu Shan Country Park, 22.2766 114.135, elevation 248 m, 28. vii. 2020, P. Schultheiss col.; (1 worker) Tung Tsz Scout Centre, 22.4733 114.1966, elevation 32 m, 13. ix. 2021, Winkler, A. Ibañez & M. T. Hamer cols.; (1 worker) Ma On Shan Country Park, Gilwell Campsite, 22.359575 114.222456, elevation 444 m, 17. ix. 2021, Winkler, M. T. Hamer col. (GS 1 T 2 W 3 - 2); (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.360024 114.221947, elevation 436 m, 17. ix. 2021, Winkler, M. T. Hamer col. (GS 1 T 2 W 5 - 7); (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.360084 114.221857, elevation 438 m, 17. ix. 2021, Winkler, M. T. Hamer col. (GS 1 T 1 W 2 - 3); (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.359554 114.222506, elevation 446 m, 17. ix. 2021, Winkler, M. T. Hamer col. (GS 1 T 2 W 1 - 3) [IBBL]; Macao: (18 workers) Coloane Park, 22 º 7 ’ 17.10 ” N 113 º 33 ’ 53.46 ” E, 18. iii. 2019, F. Brassard col. [IBBL].	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDB611A6DC0A2ACFC87FE4E.taxon	description	(Figure 18; Figure 25. G)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDB611A6DC0A2ACFC87FE4E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia IBBL- 02 can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of dorsum of propodeum shorter than declivity, mesonotum without abundant pubescence, cuticle with a blue iridescence, faint reticulation on dorsum of head, pronotum with 8 to 10 erect macrosetae (PMC 4 – 5), and mesonotum with 4 to 6 erect macrosetae (MMC 2 – 3).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDB611A6DC0A2ACFC87FE4E.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 13 workers). MdL 0.329 – 0.377; ClL 0.146 – 0.181; ClW 0.423 – 0.464; HL 0.68 – 0.713; HW 0.574 – 0.613; EL 0.177 – 0.199; MaD 0.110 – 0.122; IoD 0.334 – 0.368; SL 0.799 – 0.863; ML 0.909 – 0.989; PrL 0.301 – 0.334; PrW 0.428 – 0.461; PrFL 0.613 – 0.687; MeL 0.217 – 0.265; MeW 0.246 – 0.270; PrpL 0.172 – 0.198; PrpH 0.315 – 0.367; PrpW 0.321 – 0.354; PL 0.227 – 0.307; AB 3 L 0.424 – 0.561; TL 2.3 – 2.5; PMC 4 – 5; MMC 2 – 3; CI 83.7 – 88.4; DNI 54.7 – 62.1; IoI 57 – 61.9; OI 29.5 – 32.8; SI 134.3 – 144.5; REL 23.6 – 28.5; MaI 57.3 – 68.4. Compare with: N. amia, N. flavipes, N. ryukyuensis, N. sharpii, N. vividula. Morphology. Pubescence among N. IBBL- 02 workers is variable; it can be sparsely present on the pronotum, mesonotum, mesopleuron, and propodeum. On the latter, it is present as a transverse band on the dorsum. The eye size (about 12 ommatidia in the longest row; REL 23.6 – 28.5), the blue iridescence, the erect macrosetae count (PMC 4 – 5, MMC 2 – 3), the transverse band of pubescence on the dorsum of the propodeum and faint reticulation on the head are very characteristic of this species, and can be used to differentiate it from other similar species (such as N. flavipes and N. sharpii).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDB611A6DC0A2ACFC87FE4E.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This morphospecies is considered locally abundant based on the specimens studied here. Specimens of N. IBBL- 02 were consistently sampled in areas below 200 m a. s. l.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFDB611A6DC0A2ACFC87FE4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. So far, this morphospecies is recorded for Hong Kong and Macao, with possible distribution in Guangdong. Nylanderia IBBL- 01 could have been misidentified as N. amia or N. bourbonica (e. g., Brassard et al. 2021), although a more inclusive revisionary study would be necessary to corroborate this assumption. Examined material. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Chek Lap Kok, 22.2952 113.9345, 24. viii. 2016, AT 10 B 30; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 23. vi. 2016, AT 10 B 55; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 3. v. 2016, AT 10 B 75; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 27. viii. 2015, AT 10 B 45; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2939 113.9331, 29. vii. 2016, AW 14; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2953 113.9354, 29. vi. 2016, AW 8; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2898 113.9069, 6. v. 2016, LW 1; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2953 113.9354, 12. x. 2015, AW 8; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2952 113.9345, 31. x. 2016, AT 10 B 35; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2947 113.9336, 27. vii. 2016, AW 9; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2952 113.9345, 27. viii. 2015, AT 10 B 120; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 30. vi. 2017, AT 10 B 120; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2947 113.9336, 27. vii. 2016, AW 9; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2947 113.9336, 12. xii. 2016, AW 9; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2953 113.9354, 12. x. 2015, AW; (1 worker) Sha Lo Wan, 22.2898 113.9069, 13. xii. 2016, LW 1; (2 workers) same data as preceding, 22.2881 113.9013, 1. viii. 2016, LW 2; (1 worker) Tung Chung, 22.2907 113.9371, 16. v. 2017, TCW 1; (1 worker) Yuen Long, 22.44978 114.02148 ± 10 m, elevation 17 m, 5. x. 2016, M. Pierce col., # IAS- 0094; (1 worker) Yuen Long Park, 22.441698 114.017858, elevation 16 m, 27. ix. 2021, Winkler, M. T. Hamer, YL 1 T 2 W 4; (1 worker) Kowloon Tsai Park, 22.33097 114.18502, elevation 20 m, 26. vii. 2021, Winkler, A. Ibañez col., KTP 1 T 2 W 4; Chek Lap Kok, 22.2947 113.9336, 17. ix. 2015, AW 9; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2957 113.9338, 15. xi. 2016, AW 7; (2 workers) same data as preceding, 22.2953 113.9354, 12. x. 2015, AW 8; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2952 113.9345, 27. viii. 2015, AT 10 B 120; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2952 113.9345, 3. v. 2016, AT 10 B 10; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2952 113.9345, 23. vi. 2016, AT 10 B 40; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2939 113.9331, 29. vii. 2016, AW 14; (1 worker) Sha Lo Wan, 22.2898 113.9069, 6. v. 2016, LW 1; (1 worker) Hong Kong Island, Lung Fu Shan, 22.27944 114.13867 ± 500 m, elevation 174 m, 11. v. 2016, Y. Luo, # ISP 0013; (1 worker) King’s Park, 22.31065 114.1733, elevation 43 m, 27. ix. 2021, M. T. Hamer col., KP 1 T 2 B 2; (1 worker) Yuen Long Park, 22.442291 114.018503, elevation 24 m, 27. ix. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Tai Po Waterfront, 22.45187 114.1796, elevation 9 m, 17. viii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Tai Po Waterfront, 22.4519 114.1796, elevation 8 m, 17. viii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Tai Po Waterfront, 22.4518 114.1797, elevation 10 m, 17. viii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Jordan Valley Park, 22.32949 114.22197, elevation 113 m, 27. vii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; HK Cemetery, 22.27092 114.1799, elevation 20 m, 28. v. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Ocean Park, 22.244222 114.176608, elevation 42 m, 28. ix. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Tsing Yi Park, 22.35775 114.1044, elevation 27 m, 09. viii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Tsing Yi Park, 22.35697 114.1045, elevation 30 m, 09. viii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Jordan Valley Park, 22.32947 114.22194, elevation 113 m, 27. vii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Hon Man Tin East Reservoir Playground, 22.3134 114.1829, elevation 68 m, 21. x. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (3 workers) same data as preceding, 22.3138 114.183, elevation 68 m, 21. x. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Kowloon Tsai, 22.33076 114.18537, elevation 20 m, 26. vii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Yuen Long Park, 22.44176 114.017839, elevation 15 m, 27. ix. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Shing Mun Valley Park, 22.37679 114.1266, elevation 42 m, 23. viii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Girl Guides Pok Hong Campsite, 22.37107 114.19591, elevation 66 m, 09. vii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Nam Chung Yeung Uk, 22.51564 114.20771, elevation 4 m, 03. vi. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (3 workers) Chuck Farm, 22.41899402 114.079073, elevation 26 m, 22. ix. 2021, A. Ibañez col.; (1 worker) Tuen Mun Park, 22.39223 113.97401, elevation 8 m, 13. vii. 2021, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Park 22.28933 114.145934, elevation 3 m, 24 - 01. ix-x. 2021, Malaise, M. T. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Hong Kong Velodrome Park, 22.314632 114.261461, elevation 15 m, 23. viii. 2021, Bait, M. T. Hamer col.; Macao: (1 worker) Hac Sa Reservoir, 2. viii. 2017, ANTWEB 1016677, B. Guénard col [IBBL].	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD961156DC0A26CFAE2F899.taxon	description	(Figure 19; Figure 26. A)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD961156DC0A26CFAE2F899.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia indica can be distinguished from other Nylanderia species from Southeast China by the combination of dorsum of propodeum shorter than declivity, mesonotum with abundant pubescence, eye approximately 1.75 x as long as malar distance, and interocular distance four times the eye width, or less.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD961156DC0A26CFAE2F899.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 3 workers). MdL 0.327 – 0.342; ClL 0.168 – 0.188; ClW 0.405 – 0.424; HL 0.646 – 0.681; HW 0.552 – 0.556; EL 0.15 – 0.157; MaD 0.11 – 0.112; IoD 0.328 – 0.345; SL 0.725 – 0.754; ML 0.825 – 0.871; PrL 0.276 – 0.307; PrW 0.405 – 0.418; PrFL 0.592 – 0.608; MeL 0.229 – 0.242; MeW 0.236 – 0.257; PrpL 0.161 – 0.189; PrpH 0.311 – 0.319; PrpW 0.287 – 0.318; PL 0.226 – 0.232; Ab 3 L 0.371 – 0.395; TL 2.1 – 2.3; PMC 5 – 8; MMC 2 – 5; CI 81.3 – 85.5; DNI 58.3 – 61.5; IoI 59.5 – 62.1; OI 27 – 28.4; SI 132.6 – 136.4; REL 22.1 – 23.6; MaI 70.1 – 73.7. Compare with: N. flavipes, N. sharpii, N. taylori, N. yerburyi. Morphology. Nylanderia indica is widespread in the subtropical belt of Southern and Southeastern Asia, being recorded from India to Taiwan. Although our study was restricted in terms of geographical coverage, our observations on morphological variation agree with those from other studies (e. g., Wachkoo & Bharti 2015). This species shows a wide range of variation in terms of body shape and size, and pubescence.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD961156DC0A26CFAE2F899.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Locally, N. indica was more frequent in highly disturbed areas (e. g., Chek Lap Kok, a highly modified region that houses the Hong Kong International Airport), although some specimens were also found in less disturbed areas (e. g., four specimens sampled in urban parks such as the Kowloon Tsai, North District, and Tuen Mun Parks, which normally have patches of forest with varying degrees of size and restoration). Fewer specimens were found in more preserved areas (such as near Choi Chee Ming Luen Kwong), which are mostly located in the less urbanized regions in the Northern Territories.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD961156DC0A26CFAE2F899.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nylanderia indica is quite widespread in South and Southeast Asia, ranging from west India to Southeast China. Despite that, there are still several gaps in distribution, especially in Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, and Vietnam. Examined material. Image of a syntype worker from Pune, India (CASENT 0911008) deposited in MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Chek Lap Kok, 22.3131 113.9396, 22. ii. 2016, AT 6 B 120; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.3015 113.9316, 27. x. 2016, AT 7 B 125; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.3015 113.9316, 22. x. 2015, AT 4 B 0; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2958 113.9401, 14. x. 2015, AT 14 B 80; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.3134 113.9405, 8. x. 2015, AT 5 B 95; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2958 113.9255; 21. vi. 2016, AT 14 B 0; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.3147 113.9401, 24. x. 2016, AT 4 B 15; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.3015 113.9316, 30. viii. 2016, AT 7 B 100; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2958 113.9255, 19. xii. 2016, AT 4 B 15; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.3131 113.9396, 24. x. 2016, AT 6 B 45; (1 worker) Islands, Tung Chung, 22.29388 113.94187 ± 10 m, elevation 16 m, 20. ix. 2016, M. Pierce col., # IAS- 0070; (1 worker) Choi Chee Ming Luen Kwong, 22.41889 114.0254, elevation 14 m, 17. ix. 2021, Bait, A. Ibañez col., CC 1 T 2 B 1 - 2; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.41863 114.0252, elevation 14 m, 24. ix. 2021, Winkler, A. Ibañez col., CC 2 T 2 W 3 - 4; (1 worker) Kowloon Tsai, 22.33028 114.18518, elevation 25 m, 26. vii. 2021, Bait, A. Ibañez col., KTP 1 T 2 B 3 - 1; (1 worker) Tuen Mun Park, 22.39179 113.97412, 13. vii. 2021, M. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Islands, Tung Chung, 22.29388 113.94187 ± 10 m, elevation 16 m, 20. ix. 2016, M. Pierce col., # IAS- 0070; (1 worker) Hon Man Tin East Reservoir Playground, 22.31346 114.1833, elevation 71 m, 21. x. 2021, Bait, A. Ibañez col., HMT 1 T 2 B 2 - 1; (1 worker) North District Park, 22.49909 114.1349, elevation 14 m, 27. vii. 2021, Bait, M. Hamer col., ND 1 T 2 B 1 - 1; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.49927 114.135, elevation 14 m, 27. vii. 2021, Bait, M. Hamer col., ND 1 T 2 B 4 - 1; (1 worker) Chek Lap Kok, 22.3015 113.9316, 30. viii. 2016, AT 7 B 0; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.3139 113.9398, 8. ix. 2015, AW 4; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.3147 113.9401, 29. viii. 2016, AT 4 B 65; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.3131 113.9396, 22. x. 2015, AT 6 B 115; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.3015 113.9316, 30. viii. 2016, AT 7 B 55; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2958 113.9255, 23. viii. 2016, AT 14 B 120; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2958 113.9255, 19. xii. 2016, AT 14 B 65 [IBBL].	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD661176DC0A759FEBDF82E.taxon	description	(Figure 20; Figure 26. B)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD661176DC0A759FEBDF82E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia picta can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of small eyes (MaI 91.4 – 104.7; REL 17.1 – 18.4) with six ommatidia in the longest row, short clypeus (ClL 0.11 – 0.132), and first segment of gaster without pubescence or with scarce pubescence.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD661176DC0A759FEBDF82E.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 3 workers). ClL 0.11 – 0.132; ClW 0.319 – 0.327; HL 0.502 – 0.514; HW 0.408 – 0.426; EL 0.086 – 0.092; MaD 0.083 – 0.09; IoD 0.292 – 0.303; SL 0.558 – 0.578; ML 0.607 – 0.629; PrL 0.216 – 0.234; PrW 0.291 – 0.302; PrFL 0.451 – 0.463; MeL 0.128 – 0.143; MeW 0.151 – 0.154; PrpL 0.126 – 0.132; PrpH 0.223 – 0.245; PrpW 0.221 – 0.225; PL 0.178 – 0.21; Ab 3 L 0.322 – 0.325; TL 1.4 – 1.7; PMC 2 – 3; MMC 2 – 3; CI 80.2 – 84.9; DNI 51 – 51.9; IoI 69.5 – 73.6; OI 21.1 – 21.6; SI 135.5 – 138.3; REL 17.1 – 18.4; MaI 91.4 – 104.7. Compare with: N. emmae, N. IBBL- 01, N. yaeyamensis. Morphology. Among all the species of Nylanderia recorded for Hong Kong, N. IBBL- 04 is one of the species that most varies in terms of morphology. Eye and mesosoma length span a wide size interval, with variation in overall width (PrW, MeW, and PrpW). The ommatidia count remained the same in all specimens studied, which scale in size as the eyes get larger throughout the specimens’ series. Body coloration was more or less stable throughout the studied series, with most specimens presenting a light yellow color throughout their bodies, with a few specimens being almost pale — the latter being, possibly, callow workers. Erect macrosetae color, which is consistently black or dark brown throughout the examined series, contrasts with the lighter body color. Brassard et al. (2021) had already found this species in Macao, recognizing all specimens belonging to it as morphospecies and naming them as Nylanderia sp. 3 BG and Nylanderia sp. 6 BG.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD661176DC0A759FEBDF82E.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species is quite widespread and can be found virtually in any habitat, at different elevations (122 m a. s. l. to 980 m a. s. l.), occurring in highly disturbed environments (e. g., Chek Lap Kok) and in preserved country parks and Nature Reserves (e. g., Ngong Ping and Tai Po Kau Nature Trail).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD661176DC0A759FEBDF82E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Although being abundant in Hong Kong and Macao, the distribution of N. IBBL- 04 appears to be restricted to the Southeastern provinces of China and Vietnam. The species is also recorded for Shanghai (Hua 2006), but it is not possible to determine if this record corresponds to a misidentification or if the species can occur as far north in China’s Central Coast. Examined material. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Chek Lap Kok, 22.2953, 113.9354; 12. x. 2015, Aw 8; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2939 113.9331, 12. xii. 2016, Aw 14; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2929 113.9347, 29. xi. 2016, Aw 12; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2930 113.9339, 22. ix. 2015, Aw 13; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2943 113.9361, 30. ix. 2015, Aw 10; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2945 113.9357, 22. ix. 2015, Aw 10; (2 workers) Gilwell Campsite, 22.360084 114.221857, elevation 438 m, 17. ix 2021, Winkler, M. Hamer, GS 1 T 1 W 2; (3 workers) Sha Lo Wan, 22.2898 113.9069, 1. viii. 2016, Lw 1; (1 worker) Hong Kong Island, Victoria Park, 21. vi. 1999, S. Yamane col.; (1 worker) Southern, Pok Fu Lam, 22.26700 114.14380 ± 500 m, elevation 248 m, 7. vii. 2016, M. Pierce col., # Ba-IAS- 08 - 01 - 05; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.26700 114.14380 ± 500 m, elevation 248 m, 7. vii. 2016, M. Pierce col., # Ba-IAS- 08 - 01 - 08; (1 worker) Tai Po, Tai Po Kau, 22.39566 114.14997 ± 500 m, elevation 245 m, 25. v. 2016, Y. Luo col., # ISP 0072; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.39566 114.14997 ± 500 m, elevation 245 m, 25. v. 2016, Y. Luo col., # ISP 0078; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.43245 114.18593 ± 500 m, elevation 77 m, 25. v. 2016, Y. Luo col., # ISP 0081; (1 worker) Lung Fu Shan, 22.2814 114.1373, elevation 122 m, 16. vi. 2019, K. Chan col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2785 114.1380, elevation 206 m, K. Chan col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2794 114.1371, elevation 232 m, 17. vii. 2019, K. Chan col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2794 114.1349, elevation 240 m, 28. vi. 2019, K. Chan col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2814 114.1373, elevation 122 m, 16. vi. 2019, K. Chan col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2785 114.1380, elevation 206 m, 8. vi. 2019, K. Chan col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2785 114.1380, elevation 206 m, K. Chan col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.2794 114.1371, elevation 235 m, 17. vii. 2019, K. Chan col.; (4 workers) Lung Fu Shan, 22.2784 114.1346, elevation 211 m, 23. viii. 2019, K. Chan col.; (1 worker) Lung Fu Shan, 22.2782 114.1349, elevation 244 m, 11. ix. 2019, S. Nooten & K Chan col.; (3 workers) Gilwell Campsite, 22.36010 114.22185, elevation 429 m, 17. ix. 2021, M. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Tai Tam Reservoir, 22.24956 114.21320, elevation 57 m, 08. iv. 2022, M. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Yee Ting Campsite, 22.40662 114.32657 28 m, 19. v. 2022, M. Hamer col.; (9 workers) Tai Po Kau Headland, 22.43594 114.19250, elevation 59 m, 19. vii. 2022, A. Ibañez & M. Hamer col.; (1 worker) Ngong Ping, 22.25252 113.90362, 446 m, 04. v. 2022, M. Hamer & T. Silva col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.25349 113.90187, 478 m, 04. v. 2022, M. Hamer & T. Silva col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.25349 113.90190, elevation 479 m, 04. v. 2022, M. Hamer & T. Silva col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.25252 113.90362, 446 m, 04. v. 2022, M. Hamer & T. Silva col.; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.25356 113.90192, elevation 473 m, 04. v. 2022, M. Hamer & T. Silva col.; (5 workers) Tai Po Kau Headland, 22.43460 114.19270, elevation 76 m, 26. vii. 2022, M. Hamer & T. Silva; (2 workers) Luk Keng, 22.52007 114.21490, 10 m, 03. viii. 2022, A. Ibañez & M. Hamer col.; (2 workers) Tai Po Kau Nature Trail, 22.42751 114.18120, elevation 139 m, 18. viii. 2022, A. Ibañez col.; (3 workers) Tai Po Kau Nature Trail, 22.42751 114.18120, elevation 139 m, 18. viii. 2022, A. Ibañez col.; (1 worker) Ping Tong, 22.40642 114.30350, 116 m, 01. ix. 2022, A. Ibañez col.; (5 workers) Tai Mo Shan, 22.42358102 114.128304, elevation 590 m, 14. ix. 2022, M. Hamer & A. Ibañez col.; Macao: (6 workers) Coastal Trail, 22 º 06.864 ’ N 113 º 34.193 ’ E, elevation 112 m, 17. v. 2019, F. Brassard col.; (4 workers) Coloane Island, Morro de Hac Sa Family Trail, 22.1144 N 113.56988 E, elevation 53 m, 5. vi. 2019, Ground Bait, F. Brassard col.; (2 workers) same data as preceding, 5. vi. 2019 - 11. ix. 2019, Ground Nest, F. Brassard col.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD561116DC0A0BDFDF7FB1A.taxon	description	(Figure 21; Figure 26. C)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD561116DC0A0BDFDF7FB1A.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 3 workers). ClL 0.151 – 0.152; ClW 0.384 – 0.399; HL 0.595 – 0.645; HW 0.52 – 0.574; EL 0.168 – 0.191; MaD 0.086 – 0.094; IoD 0.317 – 0.34; SL 0.651 – 0.75; ML 0.758 – 0.83; PrL 0.273 – 0.28; PrW 0.391 – 0.425; PrFL 0.536 – 0.605; MeL 0.184 – 0.221; MeW 0.229 – 0.249; PrpL 0.152 – 0.179; PrpH 0.294 – 0.305; PrpW 0.293 – 0.305; PL 0.226 – 0.266; Ab 3 L 0.382 – 0.463; TL 2 – 2.3; PMC 5 – 7; MMC 3 – 4; CI 87.4 – 89; DNI 58.6 – 58.6; IoI 59.3 – 61; OI 32.4 – 33.3; SI 125.2 – 130.7; REL 28.3 – 29.7; MaI 49.3 – 51.2. Compare with: N. amia, N. flavipes, N. IBBL- 01, N. ryukyuensis, N. taylori, N. vividula. Morphology. Like N. flavipes, specimens belonging to N. sharpii have relatively large eyes (MaI 49.3 – 51.2; REL 28.3 – 29.7), with 10 to 12 ommatidia in the longest row, sparse pubescence in the mesonotum, and abundant pubescence in the dorsum of the head. Also, N. flavipes have an erect macrosetae count of PMC 5 and MMC 3, while N. sharpii have an erect macrosetae count of PMC 5 – 7 and MMC 3 – 4. The most significant difference between these species is the color of the macrosetae, which is lighter in the former and darker in the latter. Based solely on workers, it is very difficult to differentiate N. flavipes and N. sharpii, especially considering the variation in erect macrosetae count in N. sharpii. However, according to Forel’s descriptions of the male genitalia of N. flavipes (Forel 1900) and N. sharpii (Forel 1899), they differ substantially. However, since we did not study males in the present work, it was not possible to explore this set of characters.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD561116DC0A0BDFDF7FB1A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. In this study, specimens belonging to this species were mostly found in disturbed areas (e. g., Chek Lap Kok, Disneyland, and Tsuen Wan Riviera Park). Interestingly, specimens were found in both ground and arboreal baits (in the Macao samples), in elevations varying from 2 m a. s. l. to 105 m a. s. l.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD561116DC0A0BDFDF7FB1A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nylanderia sharpii appears to be uncommon in Hong Kong and Macao, although having a wide known distribution in China. Examined material. Image of a syntype worker from Hawaii, USA (CASENT 0903123) deposited in NHMUK, London, United Kingdom. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Yuen Long: Mai Po, 22.48794 114.04089 ± 500 m; elevation 6 m, 13. vii. 2016, M. Pierce col., # Ba-IAS- 15 - 01 - 08; (1 worker) Yuen Long: Lok Ma Chau, 22.51384 114.06326 ± 10 m, elevation 6 m, 07. x. 2016, M. Pierce col., # IAS- 0134; (1 worker) Islands: Disneyland, 22.31825 114.04195 ± 10 m, elevation 25 m, 28. ix. 2016, M. Pierce, # IAS- 0089; (1 worker) Tsuen Wan Riviera Park, 22.36359 114.11260, elevation 12 m, 09. viii. 2021, Winkler, M. T. Hamer col., TWR 1 T 1 W 1 - 1; (1 worker) Tuen Mun: Pillar Point Sewage Station, 22.36561 113.94457, elevation 2 m, 25 - 02. vi-vii. 2021, Malaise, A. Ibañez col., PP 2 M 1 - 2; Macao: (2 workers) Coloane Island, Coloane Trail, 22.11507 N 113.56448 E, elevation 83 m, 29. viii. 2019, arboreal bait, F. Brassard col.; (2 workers) Coloane Island, Cotai Ecological Zone II, 22.1418 N 113.5519 E, elevation 2 m, 9. x. 2019, arboreal bait, F. Brassard col.; (4 workers) Coloane Island, Coloane Trail, 22.1217 N 113.556 E, elevation 105 m, 11. vii. 2019, ground bait, F. Brassard col.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD261136DC0A4D8FB69FE6A.taxon	description	(Figure 22; Figure 26. D)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD261136DC0A4D8FB69FE6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia taylori can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of mesonotum with abundant pubescence, eyes approximately 2.0 x as long as malar distance (MaI 48.2 – 64.1), distance between outer margin of the eye and the lateral margin of the head, in dorsal view, less than half the width of the scape, posterior margin of head, in dorsal view, convex, pronotum with 6 to 8 erect macrosetae (PMC 3 – 4), and mesonotum with 6 to 8 erect macrosetae (MMC 3 – 4).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD261136DC0A4D8FB69FE6A.taxon	description	Measurements. MdL 0.286 – 0.324; ClL 0.128 – 0.14; ClW 0.369 – 0.386; HL 0.582 – 0.612; HW 0.502 – 0.533; EL 0.142 – 0.166; MaD 0.079 – 0.091; IoD 0.318 – 0.335; SL 0.642 – 0.66; ML 0.729 – 0.772; PrL 0.247 – 0.282; PrW 0.353 – 0.389; PrFL 0.517 – 0.548; MeL 0.187 – 0.212; MeW 0.217 – 0.232; PrpL 0.153 – 0.16; PrpH 0.27 – 0.287; PrpW 0.281 – 0.286; PL 0.217 – 0.253; Ab 3 L 0.342 – 0.381; TL 1.7 – 2.1; PMC 3 – 4; MMC 3 – 4; CI 86.3 – 87.1; DNI 55.8 – 65.8; IoI 62.9 – 63.4; OI 26.7 – 33.1; SI 121.6 – 131.5; REL 23.3 – 28.6; MaI 48.2 – 64.1. Compare with: N. flavipes, N. indica, N. kraepelini, N. sharpii. Morphology. Although sharing some similarities with other species in the region (most notably with N. indica), N. taylori can be easily identified by the combination of relatively large eyes, oval head, and erect pronotal macrosetae count (PMC 3 – 4). One very similar species N. sharpii, can be differentiated from N. taylori by the shape of the posterior margin of the head in dorsal view (medially concave in N. sharpii, opposed to convex in N. taylori), by the overall shape of the head (subrectangular in N. sharpii and oval in N. taylori), and by the erect pronotal macrosetae count (PMC 5 – 7 in N. sharpii and PMC 3 – 4 in N. taylori). We observed some variation in eye size among studied specimens (OI 26.7 – 33.1; REL 23.3 – 28.6), especially when compared to the malar distance (MaI 48.2 – 64.1).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD261136DC0A4D8FB69FE6A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Nylanderia taylori was mostly found in disturbed areas, though it is infrequently sampled. Given its low numbers in samples, it is difficult to assess if this species could represent an invasive or potential globetrotting species; it is possible that the species is merely restricted to areas of low altitude.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD261136DC0A4D8FB69FE6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has a relatively wide distribution, with its western range limits in the Indian State of Rajasthan (Bharti et al. 2016), southern in the Krakatau Islands (Yamane 2013), eastern in the Chinese Province of Zhejiang (Guénard & Dunn 2012), and northern in the Indian Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (Bharti et al. 2013) and the Chinese Province of Sichuan (Guénard & Dunn 2012). Nonetheless, there are distribution gaps between those limits. Examined material. Image of a syntype worker from Odisha, India (CASENT 0911011) deposited in MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland. Image of a syntype worker of Nylanderia taylori levis from Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka (CASENT 0911012) deposited in MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Tsuen Wan Riviera Park, 22.36359 114.11260, elevation 12 m, 09. viii. 2021, Winkler, M. T. Hamer col., TWR 1 T 1 W 1 - 4; (1 worker) Yuen Long: Mai Po, 22.48794 114.04089 ± 500 m, elevation 6 m, 13. vii. 2016, M. Pierce col., # Ba-IAS- 15 - 01 - 09; (1 worker) Chek Lap Kok, 22.3131, 113.9396, 29. viii. 2016, AT 6 B 5; (1 worker) Yuen Long: Mai Po, 22.48794 114.04089 ± 500 m, elevation 6 m, 13. vii. 2016, M. Pierce col., # Ba-IAS- 15 - 01 - 03; (1 worker) Yuen Long: Tin Shui Wai, 22.46902, 114.00877 ± 500 m, elevation 4 m, 31. v. 2016, Y. Luo col., # Ba-IAS- 15 - 01 - 03; (1 worker) Yuen Long: Lok Ma Chau, 22.50925102 114.061694 ± 45 m, elevation 5 m, 11 – 14. viii. 2017, M. Pierce col., ANTWEB 1009775; (1 worker) same data as preceding, ANTWEB 1016952; (1 worker) same data as preceding, ANTWEB 1017063.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD061126DC0A208FAF6FBE2.taxon	description	(Figure 23; Figure 26. E)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD061126DC0A208FAF6FBE2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia yaeyamensis can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of dorsum of head and mesonotum without abundant pubescence, eye longer or as long as malar distance (MaI 80.3 – 88.2), eye length 3 x times the lateral margin of head (REL 18.9 – 23.9), dorsum of propodeum convex, head and mesosoma yellow to light brown, and third to fifth gastral segments dark brown.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD061126DC0A208FAF6FBE2.taxon	description	Measurements (n = 3 workers). ClL 0.155 – 0.162; ClW 0.424 – 0.472; HL 0.659 – 0.672; HW 0.543 – 0.596; EL 0.127 – 0.157; MaD 0.11 – 0.129; IoD 0.344 – 0.395; SL 0.715 – 0.78; ML 0.826 – 0.857; PrL 0.263 – 0.271; PrW 0.409 – 0.44; PrFL 0.585 – 0.625; MeL 0.182 – 0.247; MeW 0.199 – 0.222; PrpL 0.151 – 0.185; PrpH 0.291 – 0.307; PrpW 0.289 – 0.305; PL 0.257 – 0.267; Ab 3 L 0.367 – 0.463; TL 2.2 – 2.3; PMC 2 – 3; MMC 2 – 3; CI 82.4 – 88.7; DNI 47.5 – 54.3; IoI 63.4 – 66.7; OI 21.4 – 29; SI 130.9 – 132.9; REL 18.9 – 23.9; MaI 80.3 – 88.2. Compare with: N. emmae, N. flaviabdominis, N. IBBL- 01, N. picta. Morphology. Nylanderia yaeyamensis is similar to N. IBBL- 01 and N. picta, although it can be easily separated from N. IBBL- 01 by the presence of a median concavity in the posterior margin of the head and from N. picta by the size of eyes (larger in N. yaeyamensis) and overall size of the body. The coloration of the gastral sclerites varied to some extent, sometimes overlapping with the coloration found in some specimens of N. IBBL- 01. Two workers sampled in Hong Kong (# ISP 0083 and # ISP 0061) had different PMC and MMC values when compared to Terayama’s (1999) description and to other specimens studied here, with both having PMC 3 and MMC 3.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD061126DC0A208FAF6FBE2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Specimens were sampled in areas with different degrees of anthropogenic influence and at different elevations, suggesting a possible absence of habitat preference.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD061126DC0A208FAF6FBE2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nylanderia yaeyamensis is not abundant in Hong Kong and Macao, but appears to have a relatively wide distribution range, including Guangxi, Japan (Yaeyama Islands), and Taiwan (Guénard et al. 2017; Janicki et al. 2016). The distribution gaps in between (e. g., its absence in Guangdong) could be due to the absence of identification keys or by the lack of more inclusive taxonomic studies for the genus in the region. Examined material. Hong Kong: (1 worker) Tai Po, Tai Po Kau, 22.43245 114.18593 ± 500 m, elevation 77 m, 25. v. 2016, Y. Luo col. # ISP 0083; (1 worker) Tsuen Wan, Shing Mun, 22.39494 114.15486 ± 500 m, elevation 195 m, 18. v. 2016, Y. Luo col. # ISP 0061; (1 worker) same data as preceding, elevation 197 m, 16. v .. 2016, Y. Luo col. # ISP 0042; (1 worker) same data as preceding, 22.38969 114.15310 ± 500 m, elevation 201 m, 18. v. 2016, Y. Luo col. # ISP 0071.; Macao: (3 workers) Alto de Coloane, 22 º 7 ’ 35.71 ” N 113 º 34 ’ 21.78 ” E, 19. iii. 2019, F. Brassard col.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD1612C6DC0A480FD18FF6E.taxon	description	(Figure 24; Figure 26. F)	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD1612C6DC0A480FD18FF6E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nylanderia yerburyi can be distinguished from other species of Nylanderia from Southeast China by the combination of eyes approximately 1.75 x longer than malar distance, interocular distance more than four times the eye width, posterior margin of head, in dorsal view, medially convex, pronotum with 12 – 14 macrosetae (PMC 6 – 7), and mesonotum with 6 – 10 macrosetae (MMC 3 – 5).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD1612C6DC0A480FD18FF6E.taxon	description	Measurements. MdL 0.413 – 0.424; ClL 0.164 – 0.189; ClW 0.486 – 0.51; HL 0.75 – 0.782; HW 0.654 – 0.705; EL 0.194 – 0.219; MaD 0.141 – 0.146; IoD 0.37 – 0.413; SL 0.898 – 0.961; ML 0.996 – 1.037; PrL 0.304 – 0.358; PrW 0.498 – 0.517; PrFL 0.719 – 0.811; MeL 0.246 – 0.3; MeW 0.285 – 0.302; PrpL 0.21 – 0.231; PrpH 0.377 – 0.379; PrpW 0.352 – 0.374; PL 0.297 – 0.332; Ab 3 L 0.484 – 0.534; TL 2.6 – 2.7; PMC 6 – 7; MMC 3 – 5; CI 84.9 – 90.2; DNI 55.6 – 60.7; IoI 56.2 – 58.6; OI 29.7 – 31.1; SI 136.3 – 141.6; REL 25.2 – 28.1; MaI 65.3 – 73.8. Morphology. Nylanderia yerburyi may be misidentified as N. indica, but the shape and size of head, the body coloration, and the shape of the posterior margin of the head are enough to separate the species. We observed a variation in the length of the dorsum of the propodeum, sometimes being considerably shorter than the declivity; however, other works suggest that, in all specimens of N. yerburyi, the dorsum of the propodeum is almost the same size as the declivity (Wachkoo & Bharti 2015).	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD1612C6DC0A480FD18FF6E.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. In this study, specimens were sampled in regions with different degrees of preservation, from highly urbanized areas (e. g., in the airport area in Chek Lap Kok) to well preserved forested areas (e. g., Soko Islands). Outside Hong Kong, N. yerburyi was found in several locations in Guangdong (Wheeler 1921 b) and Macao (Leong et al. 2017; Wheeler 1928) indicating a possible wide range for habitat preference of this species.	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
F0061772FFD1612C6DC0A480FD18FF6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nylanderia yerburyi does not appear to be abundant in Hong Kong, but still has been recorded in several regions, showing a widespread distribution. Examined material. Image of a syntype worker from Sri Lanka (CASENT 0911013) deposited in MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland. Hong Kong: (2 workers) Hong Kong: Yuen Long, Lok Ma Chau, 22.50925102 114.061694 ± 45 m, elevation 5 m, 11 – 14. viii. 2017, M. Pierce col.; (1 worker) Islands, Soko Islands, 22.18258 113.91257 ± 100 m, elevation 3 m, 2. xii .. 2016, M. Pierce col., # IAS- 0127; (1 worker) Chek Lap Kok, 22.2957 113.9164, 27. vi. 2016, AT 17 B 105; (1 worker) Chek Lap Kok, 22.2958 113.9255, 25. x. 2016, AT 14 B 120; (1 worker) Chek Lap Kok, 22.3188 113.9368, 23. ii. 2017, AT 1 B 40; (1 worker) North District Park, 22.49919 114.1349, elevation 14 m, 27. vii. 2021, Bait, ND 1 T 2 B 2, M. Hamer col ..	en	Guénard, Benoit (2023): A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 5301 (5): 501-539, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1
