identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
39843D09C9977E2C196E51438628CCA7.text	39843D09C9977E2C196E51438628CCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drawida Michaelsen 1900	<div><p>Genus Drawida Michaelsen, 1900</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Drawida barwelli Michaelsen, 1900</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/39843D09C9977E2C196E51438628CCA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Narayanan, S. Prasanth;Sathrumithra, S.;Christopher, G.;Julka, J. M.	Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Julka, J. M. (2017): New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae). ZooKeys 691: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174
3A4802E57706F67E322FCB04CA0F5923.text	3A4802E57706F67E322FCB04CA0F5923.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drawida polydiverticulata Narayanan & Julka	<div><p>Drawida polydiverticulata Narayanan &amp; Julka sp. n.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Clitellate (Reg. no. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV-8835), Meenthottychola (10°10'21.4"N; 77°02'2.3"E) in Eravikulam National Park, Idukki District, Kerala State, India, 2010 m a.s.l., stream side in shola forest, 22 November 2016, S.P. Narayanan, S. Sathrumithra and G. Christopher coll.</p><p>Paratype. 6 clitellate (Reg. no. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV-8836); same collection data as for holotype.</p><p>Other material.</p><p>Two aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/721), Pullaradichola (10°11'33.4"N; 77°12'9.7"E) in Anamudi Shola National Park, Idukki District, Kerala State, India, 2113 m a.s.l., from the side of a water logged area within grassland, where recently the exotic wattle plantations has been clear felled, 25 May 2013, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine, A. Sasi and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 3 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/722), Mattuchola (10°14'28.7"N; 77°14'12.9"E) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki District, Kerala State, India, 1954 m a.s.l., stream side in a grassland, 24 November 2013, T. Augustine, D. Kuriakose, S. Sathrumithra and S.P. Narayanan coll.; 4 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/723), Pettymudy forest camp shed area (10°10'26.7"N; 77°01'25.6"E) in Eravikulam National Park, Idukki District, Kerala State, India, 1966 m a.s.l., stream side within shola forest, 21 November 2016, S.P. Narayanan, S. Sathrumithra and G. Christopher coll.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Length 50-73 mm, diameter 4-5 mm, segments 120-136. Colour bluish. Male pores in 10/11, at centres of oval porophores, at about mid bc. Spermathecal pores in 7/8 at c lines. Genital markings absent. Gizzards number 3-5 in 12-17. Coiled vas deferens mass about one fourth to half of testis sac; vas passing directly into prostate dorsally at about its middle. Prostates glandular ovate and erect, prostatic capsule club-shaped. Spermathecal atria erect in segment 7, each with 4-6 ental lobes. Nephridiopores aligned with d.</p><p>Description. Colour bluish (bluish pigmentation in circular muscle layer); body circular in cross section. Dimension: Holotype - 73 mm by 4 mm at segment 9, 120 segments; paratypes - 50-72 mm by 4-5 mm at segment 9, 125-136 segments. Setae lumbricine, closely paired, present from segment 2; setal formula aa = 8-15.2 ab = 1.05-1.95 bc = 13.33-19 cd = 0.28-0.45 dd at segment 8, aa = 11.5-12.67 ab = 0.92-1.08 bc = 9.2-9.5 cd = 0.26-0.31 dd at segment 20. Clitellum annular, at segments 10-13 (4 segments), intersegmental furrows distinct, colour reddish. Spermathecal pores paired, small transverse slits, with tumescent lips, at intersegmental furrow 7/8, aligned with setae c; males pores paired, minute, at intersegmental furrow 10/11, each pore at centre of oval porophore at about mid bc (Fig. 1A, B). Genital markings absent. Nephridiopores present from segment 3, aligned with setae d.</p><p>Septa 5/6/7/8/9 slightly muscular. Gizzards 4 in segments 12-15 (holotype), smallest in segment 12 increasing in size progressively; number variable in other specimens, 3 in segments 12-14 or 13-15 (Meenthottychola specimens), 3 in segments 13-15 or 4 in segments 12-15 (Pettymudy specimens), 4 in segments 13-16 (Pullaradichola specimens), 5 in segments 13-17 (Mattuchola specimens); intestine begins in segment 22 ± 1. Last pair of hearts in segment 9; commissures of extra oesophageal vessels present on posterior face of septa 8/9 and 9/10. Testis sacs paired, mostly in segment 10, extending to segment 11; vas deferens long, coiled in a number of hairpin loops aggregated to form a mass about one fourth to half the size of testis sac, passing directly into prostate dorsally at about its middle. Prostates paired, glandular, ovate, erect (may be bent on itself anteriorly or posteriorly) (Fig. 1C); prostatic capsule smooth, club shaped (Fig. 1D); prostatic duct short, slender, narrowed before entering parietes. Spermathecae paired in segment 8; atrium erect in segment 7 and with 4-6 ental lobes arranged in two groups (Fig. 1E, F), spermathecal duct discharges at junction of common ducts of two groups. Ovarian chamber complete, ovisacs short, extending to segment 12-13. Nephridia holoic, avesiculate; functional at segment 10.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet ' polydiverticulata ' is after multi-lobed condition of spermathecal atrium.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Meenthottychola (10°10'21.4"N; 77°02'2.3"E) in Eravikulam National Park, Idukki District, Kerala State, India, 2010 m a.s.l., 23 km away from Munnar town, stream side in shola forest. Common vegetation of this region is dominated by Syzygium arnottianum, Ilex denticulata, Michaelia nilagirica, Elaeocarpus recurvatus, and Microtropis ramiflora .</p><p>Ingesta.</p><p>Coagulum comprising of mineralized soil, rootlets, tiny pieces of bark and leaves.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Kerala: District Idukki: Meenthottychola and Pettymudy in Eravikulam National Park, Pullaradichola in Anamudi Shola National Park and Mattuchola in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary (Fig. 2).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Shola forest in vicinity of streams; near to stagnant pools or streams in grass lands.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Drawida polydiverticulata sp. n. is distinguishable from all the known species of the genus in having spermathecal atrium with more than two lobes. In one specimen from Pettymudy, spermatheca on right side with one branch of atrium along with lobes extends to segment 8.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A4802E57706F67E322FCB04CA0F5923	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Narayanan, S. Prasanth;Sathrumithra, S.;Christopher, G.;Julka, J. M.	Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Julka, J. M. (2017): New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae). ZooKeys 691: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174
A24CD1559C491F143B62B17C0C515BC9.text	A24CD1559C491F143B62B17C0C515BC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drawida thomasi Narayanan & Julka	<div><p>Drawida thomasi Narayanan &amp; Julka sp. n.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Clitellate (Reg. no. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV-8837), Kozhippara waterfalls (11°21'14.5"N; 76°6'29.2"E) near Kakkadampoyil, Malappuram District, Kerala State, India, 541 m a.s.l., by the side of tuber cultivated field earlier used for coffee plantation, 29 October 2014, S.P. Narayanan and S. Sathrumithra coll.</p><p>Paratype. One clitellate and one aclitellate (Reg. no. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV-8838), same collection data as holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Length 55-66 mm, diameter 4.5 mm, segments 66-105. Colour bluish. Male pores in 10/11, large transverse slits, slightly lateral to b lines. Spermathecal pores in 7/8 at c lines. Genital markings absent. Gizzards number 3 in 15-17. Coiled vas deferens mass as large as testis sac; vas discharging directly into prostate dorsally at about its middle. Prostates glandular tubular, slightly bent, prostatic capsule tubular, bent entally. Spermathecal atria bilobed, one lobe in segment 7 and the other in segment 8; atrial lobes tubular, very long, 9-10 mm in length, coiled into compact masses. Nephridiopores aligned with d.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Colour bluish; body circular, slightly flattened dorsoventrally. Dimension: Holotype 66 mm by 4.5 mm at segment 9, 105 segments; paratypes 55-57.5 mm by 4.5 mm at segment 9, 66-96 segments. Setae lumbricine; some setae on anterior segments may be absent (Table 1); setae ab enlarged on segment 8 and posterioriad segments (Fig. 3A); setal formula aa = 5-7.5 ab = 1.11-3 bc = 5.71-7.5 cd = 0.17-0.31 dd at segment 8, aa = 6.25-14.5 ab = 0.71-1.11 bc = 8.33-14.5 cd = 0.24-0.29 dd at segment 20.</p><p>Clitellum annular, at segments 10-13 (= 4 segments), indicated by reddish colour and slight swelling, intersegmental furrows distinct. Spermathecal pores paired, small transverse slits at setae at intersegmental furrow 7/8, aligned with setae c; male pores paired, large transverse slits at intersegmental furrow 10/11, slightly lateral to setae b lines. Genital markings absent. Nephridiopores, present from segment 3, aligned with setae d.</p><p>Septa 5/6/7/8/9 slightly muscular. Gizzards 3 in segments 15-17 (holotype and paratypes); intestine begins in segment 24. Last pair of hearts in segment 9; commissures of extra oesophageal vessel present on posterior face of septum 8/9, not recognizable on posterior face of 9/10. Testis sacs paired, in segments 9 and 10, extending to segment 15 on left side and to segment 17 on right side; vas deferens long, coiled in hairpin loops, aggregated into a mass as large as testis sac, discharging directly at about middle of dorsal face of prostate. Prostates paired, glandular, tubular, slightly bent at ental end (Fig. 3B); prostatic capsule shining, smooth, tubular, slightly bent entally (Fig. 3C); prostatic duct about half as long as gland, thick, slightly narrowed before entering parietes. Spermathecae paired, in segment 8; atrium bilobed, one lobe in segment 7 and the other in segment 8, each lobe tubular, very long and coiled into a compact mass occupying entire body cavity of respective segment, 9-10 mm long (when uncoiled); spermathecal duct short with a few coils entering at junction of two atrial lobes (Fig. 3D). Ovarian chamber incomplete; ovisacs paired extending back to segment 16. Nephridia holoic, avesiculate; functional at segment 10.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Prof. (Dr.) A.P. Thomas, who initiated taxonomic studies on the earthworms of Kerala state at Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Kozhippara waterfalls (11°21'14.5"N; 76°6'29.2"E) near Kakkadampoyil, 27 km away from Nilambur town, Malappuram District, Kerala State, India, 541 m a.s.l., by the side of tuber-ultivated field earlier used for coffee plantation.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 2).</p><p>Ingesta.</p><p>Mostly silt, with tiny pieces of mica and organic material.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Autotomy is very common. Infested with nematodes in the region of reproductive system.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Bushes with grassy under growth, loamy soil, rich in organic matter, by the side of tuber cultivated field earlier used for coffee plantation.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Drawida thomasi sp. n. belongs to a group of species of Drawida with glandular prostates and bilobed spermathecal atria. It can be easily distinguished from other members of the group, D. robusta robusta (Bourne, 1887), D. robusta ophidioides (Bourne, 1894), D. ghatensis Michaelsen, 1910, and D. somavarpatana Rao, 1921 by the characteristics as given in Table 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A24CD1559C491F143B62B17C0C515BC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Narayanan, S. Prasanth;Sathrumithra, S.;Christopher, G.;Julka, J. M.	Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Julka, J. M. (2017): New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae). ZooKeys 691: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174
D224EDCA5E1B06A5935DBC241BE8F978.text	D224EDCA5E1B06A5935DBC241BE8F978.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drawida elegans Rao 1921	<div><p>Drawida elegans Rao, 1921</p><p>Drawida elegans Rao, 1921. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 9), 8: 519.</p><p>Drawida elegans, Stephenson 1923. Fauna Br. India, Oligochaeta: 137.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>7 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/404), Paithalmala (12°10'1.7"N; 75°33'31.1"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 1076 m a.s.l., higher altitude evergreen forest, 30 November 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Length 130 mm, diameter 5 mm, 206 segments. Setae aa = 20 ab = 1.2 bc = 20 cd on segment 7, aa = 27 ab = 1.7 bc = 27 cd on mid body segments. Male pores paired, small, at 10/11, slightly lateral to setae b lines, at centres of slightly raised oval papillae. Spermathecal pores paired, at 7/8, at setae c lines. Gizzards 5, in segments 12-16. Prostates glandular, sessile, elongated; vas deferens long, coiled into a mass of hairpin loops, discharging directly at ental end of prostate. Spermathecae paired, in segment 8; atrium large, shortly pear-shaped, narrower ectal end; spermathecal duct discharging at ental end of atrium.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Kerala: District Kannur: Paithalmala (new record) (Fig. 2); Karnataka: District Kodagu (Coorg): Bhagamandla, Coorg Hills (Rao 1921).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Range of the length, diameter, and number of segments in the Kerala specimens are 83-117 mm, 5-6 mm, and 161-171 respectively. Three gizzards in the present specimens in segments 12-14. Mass of vas deferens loops is shorter than testis sac.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D224EDCA5E1B06A5935DBC241BE8F978	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Narayanan, S. Prasanth;Sathrumithra, S.;Christopher, G.;Julka, J. M.	Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Julka, J. M. (2017): New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae). ZooKeys 691: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174
AB9107BC2617B4CEB8784601E299FBA5.text	AB9107BC2617B4CEB8784601E299FBA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drawida kanarensis Stephenson 1917	<div><p>Drawida kanarensis Stephenson, 1917</p><p>Drawida kanarensis Stephenson, 1917. Rec. Indian Mus., 13: 364.</p><p>Drawida kanarensis, Stephenson 1923. Fauna Br. India, Oligochaeta: 143.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>2 clitellate, 2 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/170), Ranipuram (12°25'18.2"N; 75°21'14.4"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 935 m a.s.l, evergreen forest, 19 October 2012, S.P. Narayanan, S. Sathrumithra and M. Ramesan coll.; 1 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/174), Periyathaduka - Padre (12°37'26.6"N; 75°7'58.4"E), Kasaragod district, India, 89 m a.s.l., Arecanut plantation, 18 October 2012, S. Sathrumithra, S.P. Narayanan and M. Ramesan coll.; 1 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/175), Adakasthala - Perla (12°40'9.6"N; 75°6'54.3"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 77 m a.s.l., cultivated area near to river, 18 October 2012, S.P. Narayanan, S. Sathrumithra and M. Ramesan coll.; 3 clitellate, 2 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/176), Pandigaya - Perla (12°40'27"N; 75°07'27.8"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 102 m a.s.l., rubber plantation, 18 October 2012, S.P. Narayanan, S. Sathrumithra and M. Ramesan coll.; 4 clitellate, 4 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/177), Kottencheri (12°20'57.6"N; 75°24'45.9"E), Kasaragod district., India, 801 m a.s.l., evergreen forest, 20 October 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine, S. Sathrumithra and M. Ramesan coll.; 3 clitellate, 3 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/178), Plachikkara (12°20'6.2"N; 75°17'19.8"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 56 m a.s.l., degraded forest, 20 October 2012, T. Augustine, S.P. Narayanan and M. Ramesan coll.; 1 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/179), Veeramalakunnu hillock (12°13'49.8"N; 75°9'15.8"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 13 m a.s.l., dense scrub land with exotic Acacia auriculiformis trees, 21 October 2012, S.P. Narayanan, M. Ramesan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 5 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/180), Melerippukavu Sree Veerabhadrakavu, Klayikkod (12°14'34.2"N; 75°9'55.2"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 19 m a.s.l., sacred grove, 21 October 2012, T. Augustine, M. Ramesan, S.P. Narayanan and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 11 clitellate, 12 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/181), Sree Mannampurathukavu, Nileshwar (12°15'31"N; 75°7'58.1"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 13 m a.s.l., evergreen sacred grove, 20 October 2012, T. Augustine, S.P. Narayanan, S. Sathrumithra and M. Ramesan coll.; 8 clitellate, 13 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/182), Kulangattumala Temple, Kadamgod (12°12'16.9"N; 75°8'3.9"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 7 m a.s.l., evergreen patch with litter, 21 October 2012, S.P. Narayanan, S. Sathrumithra, T. Augustine and M. Ramesan coll.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Length 60-70 mm, diameter 3.5 mm, 150-173 segments. Setae aa = 4.75-5.75 ab = 0.95-1.04 bc = 5.42-5.75 cd = 0.23-0.27 dd at segment 8; aa = 7.33-9 ab = 1-1.04 bc = 7.33-9 cd = 0.25-0.35 dd at segment 20. Male pores paired, at 10/11, slightly lateral to setae b lines. Spermathecal pores paired, at 7/8, at setae c lines. Genital markings paired, lateral to setae ab on segment 11, occasionally extending on to segment 12. Four gizzards in segments 13-16 or 14-17. Prostates glandular, hemi-ovoidal, sessile; vas deferens short, joining prostate at anterior and inner side. Spermathecae paired in segment 8; atrium cushion like ectal widening of spermathecal duct, partly embedded in body wall in segment 8, several times as wide as spermathecal duct.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Kerala: District Kasaragod: Adakasthala, Kadamgod, Klayikkod, Kottencheri, Nileshwar, Pandigaya, Periyathaduka, Plachikkara, Ranipuram and Veeramalakunnu (all new records) (Fig. 2); Karnataka: District Uttara Kannada (North Kanara): Talewadi, Castle Rock (Stephenson 1917); District Shivamogga (Shimoga): Batkal, Kogar, Nakkalu (Blanchart and Julka 1997).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Range of the length, diameter, and number of segments of the Kerala specimens are 38-51 mm, 3 mm, and 166-177 respectively. Gizzards are in segments 14-17.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB9107BC2617B4CEB8784601E299FBA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Narayanan, S. Prasanth;Sathrumithra, S.;Christopher, G.;Julka, J. M.	Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Julka, J. M. (2017): New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae). ZooKeys 691: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174
E035F966F7AEEF5F25CE49D0F7E027A7.text	E035F966F7AEEF5F25CE49D0F7E027A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drawida modesta Rao 1921	<div><p>Drawida modesta Rao, 1921</p><p>Drawida modesta Rao, 1921. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 9), 8: 525.</p><p>Drawida modesta, Stephenson 1923. Fauna Br. India, Oligochaeta: 145.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>14 clitellate, 4 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/160), Chandanathodu - Kannavam range (11°51'3.2"N; 75°48'12"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 784 m a.s.l., evergreen forest, 01 December 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 3 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/166), Chandanathodu - Periya Range (11°50'44.6"N; 75°48'27.4"E), Wayanad district, Kerala, India, 778 m a.s.l., evergreen forest, 01 December 2012, T. Augustine, S. Sathrumithra and S.P. Narayanan coll.; 1 clitellate, 6 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/399), Perumalkunnu (11°53'50.1"N; 75°54'16.3"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 1076 m a.s.l., grassland and evergreen forest, 02 December 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 14 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/401), Kunnathoorpadi (12°4'55"N; 75°37'39.1"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 579 m a.s.l., evergreen forest with reed breaks, 30 November 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 1 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/402), Chandanathodu - Kottiyoor range (11°51'4.2"N; 75°47'12"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 714 m a.s.l., evergreen forest, 1 December 2012, S.P. Narayanan and T. Augustine coll.; 4 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/403), Nedumpoil (11°50'30.5"N; 75°46'39.1"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 365 m a.s.l., semi-evergreen forest, 1 December 2012, S.P. Narayanan, S. Sathrumithra and T. Augustine coll.; 7 clitel late, 2 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/406), Koovattumoola - Thirunelli (11°54'3.8"N; 76°0'48.4"E), Wayanad district, Kerala, India, 782 m a.s.l., abandoned paddy field, 21 December 2012, A. Sasi, S.P. Narayanan and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 1 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/407), Paithalmala (12°10'1.7"N; 75°33'31.1"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 1076 m a.s.l., higher altitude evergreen forest, 30 November 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 5 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/409), Ambayithodu (11°51'50.8"N; 75°53'37.2"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 216 m a.s.l., disturbed mixed forest area, 02 December 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 14 clitellate, 8 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/472), below Kakkadampoyil (11°19'41.9"N; 76°9'54.8"E), Malappuram district, Kerala, India, 98 m a.s.l., semi-evergreen forest near to a stream, 29 October 2014, S.P. Narayanan and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 1 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/473), Naadukaani (11°25'58"N; 76°23' 18.7"E), Malappuram district, Kerala, India, 530 m a.s.l., evergreen forest, 28 October 2014, S.P. Narayanan and S. Sathrumithra coll.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Length 75 mm, diameter 4 mm, 207 segments. Intersegmental furrow 1/2 very faint. Setae aa = 13.3 ab = 0.7 bc = 13.3 cd on segment 7, aa = 15.3 ab = 0.7 bc = 15.3 cd on segment 35. Male pores paired, transverse slits with prominent lips, at 10/11, slightly lateral to setae b lines. Spermathecal pores paired, at 7/8, at or slightly lateral to setae b lines. Genital markings paired, oval shaped on segment 7, just anterior to spermathecal pores. Gizzards 2, in segments 13-14. Prostates paired, glandular, sessile, circular to oval in shape; vas deferens short, discharging at dorsal surface and centre of prostates. Spermathecae paired in segment 8; atrium absent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Kerala: District Kannur: Ambayithodu, Chandanathodu - Kannavam range, Chandanathodu - Kottiyoor range, Kunnathoorpadi, Nedumpoil, Paithalmala, Perumalkunnu; District Wayanad: Chandanathodu - Kannavam range, Koovattumoola - Thirunelli; District Malappuram: Kakkadampoyil, Naadukaani (all new records) (Fig. 2); Karnataka: District Kodagu (Coorg): Moornad, Coorg Hills (Rao 1921).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Range of the length, diameter, and number of segments of the Kerala specimens are 60-72 mm, 3-4 mm, and 151-197 respectively. Genital markings are absent in some specimens from Kerala (Table 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E035F966F7AEEF5F25CE49D0F7E027A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Narayanan, S. Prasanth;Sathrumithra, S.;Christopher, G.;Julka, J. M.	Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Julka, J. M. (2017): New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae). ZooKeys 691: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174
DE65B57FBBC984AB7BBC91538BB1EC3D.text	DE65B57FBBC984AB7BBC91538BB1EC3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drawida somavarpatana Rao 1921	<div><p>Drawida somavarpatana Rao, 1921</p><p>Drawida somavarpatana Rao, 1921. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 9), 8: 497.</p><p>Drawida somavarpatana, Stephenson 1923. Fauna Br. India, Oligochaeta: 158.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>6 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/405), Ranipuram (12°25'5.7"N; 75°21'4.4"E), Kasaragod district, India, 935 m a.s.l., grassland and evergreen forest, 17 December 2013, S.P. Narayanan and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 2 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/408), Paithalmala (12°10'1.7"N; 75°33'31.1"E), Kannur Dist., India, 1076 m a.s.l., higher altitude evergreen forest, 30 November 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 1 clitellate, 3 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/410), Koombanmala (12°20'43.2"N; 75°24'41.4"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 867 m a.s.l., grassland, 20 October 2012, S.P. Narayanan, S. Sathrumithra, M. Ramesan and T. Augustine coll.; 1 clitellate, 1 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/411), Kottathalachimala (12°15'53.1"N; 75°25'45"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 664 m a.s.l., deciduous forest, 28 November 2012, S. Sathrumithra, T. Augustine and S.P. Narayanan coll.; 2 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/412), Kunnathoorpadi (12°4'55"N; 75°37'39.1"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 579 m a.s.l., evergreen forest with reed breaks, 30 November 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 2 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/413), Sree Deviyottukavu sacred grove - Aalapadamba (12°12'34.1"N; 75°15'9.7"E), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 8 m a.s.l., evergreen sacred grove, 29 November 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 9 clitellate, 12 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/414), Kottencheri (12°20'57.6"N; 75°24'5.9"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 801 m a.s.l., evergreen forest, 20 October 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine, S. Sathrumithra and M. Ramesan coll.; 4 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/449), Panathoor (12°27'31.3"N; 75°20'42.9"E), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 98 m a.s.l., 24 October 2014, areca nut and coconut plantation, S. Sathrumithra coll.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Length 82-133 mm, diameter 4-6 mm, 111-154 segments. Ventral setae enlarged on pre-clitellar segments; aa = 5 ab = bc = 5 cd on segment 7, aa = 11 ab = 0.7 bc = 11 cd on segment 35. Male pores paired puckered orifices with tumid lips, slightly lateral to setae b lines, at 10/11. Spermathecal pores paired, small, at 7/8, at setae c lines or in bc but closer to c. Gizzards 3-5, in segments 15-20. Prostates glandular, bilobed; vas deferens discharges at junction of prostatic lobes. Spermathecae paired in segment 8; atrium bilobed, elongate and erect; one lobe in segment 7 and the other in segment 8; spermathecal duct discharges at junction of atrial lobes.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Kerala: District Kasaragod: Koombanmala, Kottencheri, Panathoor, Ranipuram; District Kannur: Kottathalachimala, Kunnathoorpadi, Paithalmala, Aalapadamba (all new records from Kerala) (Fig. 2); Karnataka: District Kodagu (Coorg): Somavarpatana, spelt as ‘Somvarpet’ (Stephenson 1923), Coorg Hills (Rao 1921).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Spermathecae and male genitalia are absent in a number of worms from Kerala, indicating parthenogenetic mode of reproduction.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The diagnosis is based on the present material from Kerala, description as given by Stephenson (1923) and re-examination of type material in Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata (Reg. no. W416/1). Worms from Kerala are longer and stouter, and have a greater number of gizzards than worms from Karnataka (Rao 1921). Body dimensions and number of gizzards in Kerala worms are: average length 94.61 mm (range = 82-133 mm; n =13); average width 5.38 mm (range 5-6 mm; n = 17); average number of segments 128.23 (range 111-154; n = 13), gizzards 3-5, mainly located between segments 15-20 (Table 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE65B57FBBC984AB7BBC91538BB1EC3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Narayanan, S. Prasanth;Sathrumithra, S.;Christopher, G.;Julka, J. M.	Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Julka, J. M. (2017): New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae). ZooKeys 691: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174
6BFDC07F2D0909775FA1EFB2CF39C83B.text	6BFDC07F2D0909775FA1EFB2CF39C83B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drawida thurstoni Gates 1945	<div><p>Drawida thurstoni Gates, 1945</p><p>Drawida thurstoni Gates, 1945. Jl. R. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11: 71.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>2 clitellate, 4 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/183), Kanjipara (11°26'16.4"N; 76°7'41.7"E), Kozhikode district, Kerala, India, 2000 m a.s.l., Shola forest, 23 December 2012, T. Augustine, S.P. Narayanan, A. Sasi and S. Sathrumithra coll.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Length 185-220 mm, diameter 7-8 mm, 166-187 segments. Setae aa = 12-13.33 ab = 1.06-1.11 bc = 12-16 cd = 0.21-0.23 dd at segment 8; aa = 13.66-14 ab = 1.13-1.23 bc = 20.5-21 cd = 0.24-0.28 dd at segment 20. Male pores paired, transverse slits at 10/11, about mid bc. Spermathecal pores paired, minute at 7 /8, close to setae c lines. Nephridiopores on or close to setae d lines, occasionally dislocated into setae a, b on some segments behind clitellum. Genital markings absent. Gizzards 5, in segments 14-22. Prostates glandular, mushroom-shaped, stalked and erect, laterally compressed, glandular lining restricted to ental end; prostatic capsule vertical, ovoid; vas deferens coiled in to a cluster of hairpin loops; vas discharging into anterior face of prostate at ectal end. Spermathecae paired in segment 8; atrium irregularly ovoid, covered over by a thin layer of muscle, in segment 7 only or slightly extending to segment 8.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Kerala: District Kozhikode: Kanjipara (new record) (Fig. 2); Tamil Nadu: District Nilgiris: Nilgiri Hills (Gates 1945).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Range of the length, diameter, and number of segments of the Kerala specimens are 171-176 mm, 7.5-8 mm, and 183-185 respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6BFDC07F2D0909775FA1EFB2CF39C83B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Narayanan, S. Prasanth;Sathrumithra, S.;Christopher, G.;Julka, J. M.	Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Julka, J. M. (2017): New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae). ZooKeys 691: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174
