taxonID	type	description	language	source
F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 6, 25, 30 – 33)	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC.taxon	description	Head. Hypognathous, rounded, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 2). Vertex with 4 pairs of minute setae; epicranium with 8 pairs of setae; temporal side of head with 2 pairs of setae. Epicranial suture distinct; frontal suture not reaching antennal socket; endocarina well developed. Frons slightly depressed medially, with 5 pairs of setae. Clypeus almost straight at anterior margin, with 3 pairs of setae. Labrum deeply emarginate with 2 pairs of setae and 1 pair of campaniform sensilla placed medially and 2 pairs of minute setae placed at anterior border (Fig. 4); epipharynx with 4 pairs of stout setae at anterior margin. Mandible palmate, 5 - toothed, with 2 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla (Fig. 6). Maxillary palp 3 - segmented; palpomere I transverse with 1 seta and 2 campaniform sensilla; II rectangular with 3 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; III subconical with 1 seta, 1 digitiform sensillum and 1 campaniform sensillum on sides and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex; palpifer distinct with 2 setae (Fig. 5). Mala rounded with 15 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; stipes longer than wide with 3 setae; cardo with 1 seta. Labial palp 2 - segmented; palpomere I rectangular with 1 campaniform sensillum; II subconical with 1 campaniform sensillum on outer margin and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex. Hypopharyngeal area with 3 pairs of minute setae and 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla. Prementum with 1 pair of setae; postmentum widely covered with spinules, with 3 pairs of setae. Stemmata 6 on each side, 4 of them located above antenna and 2 behind antenna. Antenna short, 3 - segmented; antenomere I transverse with 2 campaniform sensilla; II stout, more or less as wide as long, with a conical sensorium and 4 minute setae apically; III subconical with 6 minute setae apically. Thorax. Prothorax with D-DL-EP (47 – 54 L 5 – 7 S) largest; P (5 – 6 S); ES-SS (5 – 6 S) (Fig. 25). Meso- and metathorax with Dai (1 L 2 S); Dae (1 L 1 – 3 S); ad 1 (1 M) and ad 2 (1 M); DLai (2 – 4 S); Dpi (1 L 3 – 4 S); Dpe-DLpi (3 – 5 L 2 – 7 S) larger than Dpi; DLe (4 – 7 L 6 S 3 M) large and produced laterally; EPa (4 – 6 S); EPp (3 – 4 L 1 – 3 S); P (3 – 4 S); SS (1 S); ES (2 – 3 S); sternal region with 4 additional setae arising from sclerotized bases. Mesothoracic spiracles annuliform; peritreme fused with EPa. Legs rather stout; tibia with 9 setae; tarsungulus large, strongly curved, basal tooth well developed, with 1 seta (Fig. 3). Abdomen. Segments I – V with Dai (1 L 2 – 3 S) on both sides fused; Dae (1 L 4 S 1 M); DLai (1 L 3 – 4 S); DLae (1 S 2 M) small, sometimes divided into 2 tubercles; Dpi (1 L 3 – 4 S); Dpe (1 L 3 – 4 S); DLp (3 L 1 – 2 S); EP (4 – 6 L 3 – 5 S) produced laterally; P (3 L 2 S 1 M); PS-SS (4 – 5 S); ES (2 S); as 1 (1 M) and as 2 (1 S). Segment VI with Dai and Dae, Dpi and Dpe fused respectively. Segments VII – VIII each with dorsal and dorso-lateral tubercles completely fused (6 – 8 L 10 – 13 S 1 M and 6 – 9 L 7 – 13 S 7 – 12 M respectively). Segment IX with dorsal to epipleural tubercles completely fused (7 L 11 – 12 S 2 M). Segment X with pygopod well developed. Spiracles present on segments I – VIII.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The last instar larva of Gonioctena coreana is very similar to those of G. gracilicornis and G. viminalis in the body shape, coloration, and tubercular pattern. However, this species can be distinguished by the tubercle Dai on meso- and metathorax with 1 long and 2 short setae (1 long and 1 short setae in the other species), and Dpi on both sides of abdominal segments I – V completely separated (completely fused in G. gracilicornis and weakly fused in G. viminalis).	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 16 larvae, South Korea, Gangwon Prov., Samcheok, Wondeok-eup, Nogok-ri, Gilgok Valley, 37 ° 12 ' 50.7 " N, 129 ° 19 ' 04.1 " E, 9. V. 2005, H. W. Cho; 11 larvae, South Korea, Gyeongbuk Prov., Yeongyanggun, Subi-myeon, Suha-ri, Suha Valley, 36 ° 49 ' 46.9 " N, 129 ° 16 ' 08.8 " E, 7. V. 2005, H. W. Cho; 21 larvae, same data as preceding one except for 30. IV. 2006.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mongolia, Russia (Far East), China (Jilin), North Korea, South Korea. Biological notes. Overwintered adults appear during late April; they mate and lay eggs on the leaves of Salix gracilistyla. The females laid larvae that were enclosed within chorion (Fig. 30), and they hatched after several hours; therefore, this species is ovoviviparous. The early instar larvae gregariously feed on young leaves (Fig. 31), but become solitary as they mature (Fig. 32). They raise the tip of the abdomen everting glands when threatened. There are four larval instars, and pupation occurs in soil. The adults emerge during late May (Fig. 33); they feed and hibernate without mating. The larvae take 9 – 11 days to pupate, and then take 7 – 8 days to emerge as adults at room temperature.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF6FFE47FA95A08FB18DE2B.taxon	description	(Figs 7 – 12, 26, 34 – 37)	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF6FFE47FA95A08FB18DE2B.taxon	description	Head. Hypognathous, rounded, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 8). Vertex with 4 pairs of minute setae; epicranium with 7 pairs of setae; temporal side of head with 3 pairs of setae. Epicranial suture distinct; frontal suture not reaching antennal socket; endocarina well developed. Frons slightly depressed medially, with 5 pairs of setae. Clypeus almost straight at anterior margin, with 3 pairs of setae. Labrum deeply emarginate with 2 pairs of setae and 1 pair of campaniform sensilla placed medially and 3 pairs of minute setae placed at anterior border (Fig. 10); epipharynx with 3 pairs of stout setae at anterior margin. Mandible palmate, 5 - toothed, with 2 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla (Fig. 12). Maxillary palp 3 - segmented; palpomere I transverse with 1 seta and 2 campaniform sensilla; II rectangular with 3 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; III subconical with 1 seta, 1 digitiform sensillum and 1 campaniform sensillum on sides and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex; palpifer distinct with 2 setae (Fig. 11). Mala rounded with 15 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; stipes longer than wide with 3 setae; cardo with 1 seta. Labial palp 2 - segmented; palpomere I rectangular with 1 campaniform sensillum; II subconical with 1 campaniform sensillum on outer margin and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex. Hypopharyngeal area with 3 pairs of minute setae and 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla. Prementum with 1 pair of setae; postmentum widely covered with spinules, with 3 pairs of setae. Stemmata 6 on each side, 4 of them located above antenna and 2 behind antenna. Antenna short, 3 - segmented; antenomere I transverse with 2 campaniform sensilla; II stout, more or less as wide as long, with a conical sensorium and 4 minute setae apically; III subconical with 6 minute setae apically. Thorax. Prothorax with D-DL-EP (49 – 59 L 3 – 5 S) largest; P (2 L 1 S); ES-SS (4 S) (Fig. 26). Meso- and metathorax with Dai (1 L 1 S); Dae (1 L 1 S); ad 1 (1 S) and ad 2 (1 S); DLai (2 – 3 L 0 – 1 S); Dpi (1 L 2 S); Dpe-DLpi (5 – 6 L 1 – 2 S) slightly larger than Dpi; DLe (8 – 10 L 3 S 1 M) large and produced laterally; EPa (5 – 6 L); EPp (3 – 4 L); P (3 – 4 S); SS (1 S); ES (2 – 3 S); sternal region with 3 additional setae arising from sclerotized bases. Mesothoracic spiracles annuliform; peritreme fused with EPa. Legs rather stout; tibia with 9 setae; tarsungulus large, strongly curved, basal tooth weakly developed, with 1 seta (Fig. 9). Abdomen. Segments I – V with Dai (1 L 1 – 2 S) on both sides fused; Dae (1 L 2 S 1 M); DLai (1 L 2 – 4 S); DLae (1 S 2 M) small; Dpi (1 L 3 S) on both sides fused; Dpe (1 L 2 S); DLp (3 L 1 M); EP (8 – 10 L 0 – 1 S) produced laterally; P (3 – 4 L 2 – 3 M); PS-SS (4 – 5 S); ES (2 – 3 S); as 1 (1 M) and as 2 (1 S). Segment VI with Dai and Dae, Dpi and Dpe fused respectively. Segments VII – VIII each with dorsal and dorso-lateral tubercles completely fused (8 – 9 L 8 – 10 S 2 – 4 M and 6 – 8 L 5 S 12 M respectively). Segment IX with dorsal to epipleural tubercles completely fused (10 – 11 L 5 – 6 S 2 – 3 M). Segment X with pygopod well developed. Spiracles present on segments I – VIII.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF6FFE47FA95A08FB18DE2B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The last instar larva of Gonioctena gracilicornis is very similar to that of G. viminalis in the body shape, coloration, and tubercular pattern. However, this species can be distinguished by the tubercles covered with relatively long setae (relatively short in G. viminalis), tubercle Dpi on both sides of abdominal segments I – V completely fused (weakly fused in G. viminalis), and basal tooth of tarsungulus weakly developed (well developed in G. viminalis).	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF6FFE47FA95A08FB18DE2B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 6 larvae, South Korea, Gyeongbuk Prov., Bonghwa-gun, Socheon-myeon, Buncheon-ri, 36 ° 57 ' 22.9 " N, 129 ° 04 ' 30.3 " E, 13. V. 2006, H. W. Cho; 4 larvae, South Korea, Gangwon Prov., Pyeongchang-gun, Yongpyeong-myeon, Nodong-ri, Nodong Valley, 37 ° 42 ' 06.3 " N, 128 ° 28 ' 53.9 " E, 31. V. 2006, H. W. Cho; 5 larvae, same data as preceding one except for 6. VI. 2009; 5 larvae, South Korea, Gangwon Prov., Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Hoenggye-ri, 37 ° 40 ' 49.2 " N, 128 ° 44 ' 58.1 " E, 27. V. 2018, H. W. Cho.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF6FFE47FA95A08FB18DE2B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (East Siberia, Far East, Sakhalin), Mongolia, China (Heilongjiang), North Korea, South Korea. Biological notes. Overwintered adults appear during mid-May (Fig. 37); they mate and lay 5 – 11 eggs per cluster on the leaves of Salix koriyanagi. The eggs contain fully developed embryos and hatch after several hours (Fig. 34). The newly hatched larvae gregariously feed on young leaves (Fig. 35), but become solitary as they mature (Fig. 36). They raise the tip of the abdomen everting glands when disturbed. There are four larval instars, and pupation occurs in soil. The adults emerge during mid-June, and they feed and hibernate without mating. The larvae take 10 – 11 days to pupate, and then take 6 – 8 days to emerge as adults at room temperature.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF7FFE37FA95B90FB8DDD6F.taxon	description	(Figs 13 – 18, 27 – 28, 38 – 41)	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF7FFE37FA95B90FB8DDD6F.taxon	description	Head. Hypognathous, rounded, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 14). Vertex with 5 pairs of minute setae; epicranium with 7 pairs of setae; temporal side of head with 4 pairs of setae. Epicranial suture distinct; frontal suture not reaching antennal socket; endocarina well developed. Frons slightly depressed medially, with 5 pairs of setae. Clypeus almost straight at anterior margin, with 3 pairs of setae. Labrum deeply emarginate with 2 pairs of setae and 1 pair of campaniform sensilla placed medially and 3 pairs of minute setae placed at anterior border (Fig. 16); epipharynx with 3 pairs of stout setae at anterior margin. Mandible palmate, 5 - toothed, with 2 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla (Fig. 18). Maxillary palp 3 - segmented; palpomere I transverse with 1 seta and 2 campaniform sensilla; II rectangular with 3 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; III subconical with 1 seta, 1 digitiform sensillum and 1 campaniform sensillum on sides and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex; palpifer distinct with 2 setae (Fig. 17). Mala rounded with 15 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; stipes longer than wide with 3 setae; cardo with 1 seta. Labial palp 2 - segmented; palpomere I rectangular with 1 campaniform sensillum; II subconical with 1 campaniform sensillum on outer margin and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex. Hypopharyngeal area with 3 pairs of minute setae and 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla. Prementum with 1 pair of setae; postmentum without spinules, with 3 pairs of setae. Stemmata 6 on each side, 4 of them located above antenna and 2 behind antenna. Antenna short, 3 - segmented; antenomere I transverse with 2 campaniform sensilla; II stout, more or less as wide as long, with a conical sensorium and 4 minute setae apically; III subconical with 5 minute setae apically. Thorax. Prothorax with D-DL-EP (13 – 17 L 41 – 51 S) largest; P (4 S); ES-SS (2 L 3 S) (dark type in Fig. 27, light type in Fig. 28). Meso- and metathorax with Dai (1 L 3 – 4 S); Dae (1 L 2 S); ad 1 (1 M) and ad 2 (1 M); DLai (5 – 8 S); Dpi (1 L 4 – 5 S); Dpe-DLpi (1 – 2 L 7 – 8 S) larger than Dpi; DLe (4 – 5 L 17 – 22 S 1 M) large and produced laterally; EPa (8 – 10 S); EPp (2 L 8 – 10 S); P (1 S 2 M); SS (1 S); ES (2 L); sternal region with 4 additional setae arising from sclerotized bases. Mesothoracic spiracles annuliform; peritreme fused with EPa. Legs rather stout; tibia with 9 setae; tarsungulus large, strongly curved, basal tooth well developed, with 1 seta (Fig. 15). Abdomen. Segments I – VI with Dai, Dae and DLai enlarged and completely fused (3 L 11 – 16 S), forming a transverse band; DLae (1 S 2 M) small; Dpi and Dpe enlarged and completely fused (2 L 6 – 8 S), forming a transverse band; DLp (1 L 3 – 6 S 1 M); EP (3 – 5 L 13 – 16 S) produced laterally; P (1 L 6 – 10 S 1 M); PS-SS (4 S) divided into 4 small tubercles; ES (1 S); as 1 (1 S) and as 2 (1 S); sternal region with a short additional seta arising from sclerotized base. Segments VII – VIII each with dorsal and dorso-lateral tubercles completely fused (3 L 18 – 21 S 3 – 4 M and 3 L 10 – 12 S 8 – 9 M respectively). Segment IX with dorsal to epipleural tubercles completely fused (8 – 9 L 7 – 11 S 1 – 2 M). Segment X with pygopod well developed. Spiracles present on segments I – VIII.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF7FFE37FA95B90FB8DDD6F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The last instar larva of Gonioctena jacobsoni is similar to that of G. ogloblini in the fused dorsal tubercles on abdomen and presence of color polymorphism. However, this species can be distinguished from G. ogloblini by the dorsal and dorso-lateral tubercles on meso- and metathorax separated, DLae and DLp on abdominal segments I – VI separated from other dorsal tubercles, and light type with tubercles unpigmented except dorsal tubercles of abdominal segments VII – IX (tubercles fused and light type with all tubercles unpigmented in G. ogloblini).	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF7FFE37FA95B90FB8DDD6F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 29 larvae, South Korea, Gangwon Prov., Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Mt. Odaesan, 37 ° 47 ' 34.0 " N, 128 ° 33 ' 39.7 " E, 15. V. 2005, H. W. Cho; 30 larvae, same data as preceding one except for 5. V. 2006; 5 larvae, same data as preceding one except for 26. V. 2018.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF7FFE37FA95B90FB8DDD6F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (East Siberia, Far East), Mongolia, China (Heilongjiang), South Korea. Biological notes. Overwintered adults appear during early May (Fig. 41). The first instar larvae are also found on the leaves of Populus maximowiczii during early May (Fig. 38), but the eggs were not found in the field. This species is probably ovoviviparous. The larvae feed on the leaves, making small holes. The larva raises the tip of the abdomen everting glands when disturbed. The larvae are solitary during the instar stages, and the fourth instar larva pupates in soil. The adults emerge during early June; they feed and hibernate without mating. The larvae take 15 – 17 days to pupate, and then take 9 – 11 days to emerge as adults at room temperature.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF0FFED7FA958D4FE9BDAD4.taxon	description	(Figs 19 – 24, 29, 42 – 45)	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF0FFED7FA958D4FE9BDAD4.taxon	description	Head. Hypognathous, rounded, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 20). Vertex with 4 pairs of minute setae; epicranium with 8 pairs of setae; temporal side of head with 2 pairs of setae. Epicranial suture distinct; frontal suture not reaching antennal socket; endocarina well developed. Frons slightly depressed medially, with 5 pairs of setae. Clypeus almost straight at anterior margin, with 3 pairs of setae. Labrum deeply emarginate with 2 pairs of setae and 1 pair of campaniform sensilla placed medially and 2 pairs of minute setae placed at anterior border (Fig. 22); epipharynx with 3 pairs of stout setae at anterior margin. Mandible palmate, 5 - toothed, with 2 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla (Fig. 24). Maxillary palp 3 - segmented; palpomere I transverse with 1 seta and 2 campaniform sensilla; II rectangular with 3 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; III subconical with 1 seta, 1 digitiform sensillum and 1 campaniform sensillum on sides and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex; palpifer distinct with 2 setae (Fig. 23). Mala rounded with 15 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; stipes longer than wide with 3 setae; cardo with 1 seta. Labial palp 2 - segmented; palpomere I rectangular with 1 campaniform sensillum; II subconical with 1 campaniform sensillum on outer margin and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex. Hypopharyngeal area with 3 pairs of minute setae and 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla. Prementum with 1 pair of setae; postmentum baso-laterally covered with spinules, with 3 pairs of setae. Stemmata 6 on each side, 4 of them located above antenna and 2 behind antenna. Antenna short, 3 - segmented; antenomere I transverse with 2 campaniform sensilla; II stout, more or less as wide as long, with a conical sensorium and 4 minute setae apically; III subconical with 6 minute setae apically. Thorax. Prothorax with D-DL-EP (15 – 21 L 32 – 36 S) largest; P (4 S); ES-SS (5 – 6 S) (Fig. 29). Meso- and metathorax with Dai (1 L 1 S); Dae (1 L 1 – 2 S); ad 1 (1 M) and ad 2 (1 M); DLai (2 – 4 S); Dpi (1 L 2 – 3 S); Dpe-DLpi (3 L 4 – 6 S) larger than Dpi; DLe (3 – 5 L 10 – 11 S) large and produced laterally; EPa (2 L 5 – 7 S); EPp (3 L 4 – 5 S); P (3 S); SS (1 S), ES (2 – 3 S); sternal region with 5 additional setae arising from sclerotized bases. Mesothoracic spiracles annuliform; peritreme fused with EPa. Legs rather stout; tibia with 9 setae; tarsungulus large, strongly curved, basal tooth well developed, with 1 seta (Fig. 21). Abdomen. Segments I – V with Dai (1 L 2 S) on both sides fused; Dae (1 L 2 – 3 S); DLai (1 L 3 – 4 S); DLae (1 S 2 M) divided into 2 small tubercles; Dpi (1 L 2 – 4 S); Dpe (1 L 2 – 3 S); DLp (1 L 3 – 4 S 1 M); EP (3 – 4 L 6 – 7 S) produced laterally; P (4 S 2 – 3 M); PS-SS (4 S); ES (2 – 3 S); as 1 (1 M) and as 2 (1 S); sternal region with a short additional seta arising from sclerotized base. Segment VI with Dai and Dae partially fused, Dpi on both sides fused. Segment VII with dorsal and dorso-lateral tubercles fused completely (6 L 9 S 2 M) except for DLae. Segment VIII with D-DL (6 L 7 – 10 S 6 – 10 M). Segment IX with D-DL-EP (6 – 8 L 8 – 11 S 2 M). Segment X with pygopod well developed. Spiracles present on segments I – VIII.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF0FFED7FA958D4FE9BDAD4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The last instar larva of Gonioctena viminalis is very similar to that of G. gracilicornis in the body shape, coloration, and tubercular pattern. However, this species can be distinguished by the tubercles covered with relatively short setae (relatively long in G. gracilicornis), tubercle Dpi on both sides of abdominal segments I – V weakly fused (completely fused in G. gracilicornis), and basal tooth of tarsungulus well developed (weakly developed in G. gracilicornis).	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF0FFED7FA958D4FE9BDAD4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 21 larvae, South Korea, Gangwon Prov., Taebaek, Hwangji-dong, Jeolgol Valley, 37 ° 10 ' 26.9 " N, 128 ° 57 ' 13.5 " E, 5. VI. 2005, H. W. Cho; 8 larvae, South Korea, Gangwon Prov., Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Bangadari, 37 ° 41 ' 43.2 " N, 128 ° 30 ' 12.7 " E, 31. V. 2006, H. W. Cho; 4 larvae, South Korea, Gangwon Prov., Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Mt. Odaesan, 37 ° 47 ' 06.0 " N, 128 ° 33 ' 31.7 " E, 31. V. 2006, H. W. Cho; 3 larvae, same data as preceding one except for 7. VI. 2009; 3 larvae, same data as preceding one except for 26. V. 2018; 5 larvae, South Korea, Gangwon, Pyeongchang-gun, Bongpyeong-myeon, Heungjeong Valley, 37 ° 39 ' 55.7 " N 128 ° 18 ' 05.6 " E, 21. V. 2018, H. W. Cho; 19 larvae, South Korea, Gangwon Prov., Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Hoenggye-ri, 37 ° 40 ' 49.2 " N, 128 ° 44 ' 58.1 " E, 27. V. 2018, H. W. Cho.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
F707879FFFF0FFED7FA958D4FE9BDAD4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widespread trans-Palaearctic species from UK to Russian Far East. Biological notes. Overwintered adults appear during early May (Fig. 45). A female laid 11 larvae, which were not enclosed within chorion (Fig. 42), as reported previously from Europe (Cornelius 1857). Maternal care has been reported by studies in Europe (Lengerken 1939; Vasconcellos-Neto & Jolivet 1994); however, it has not been observed in South Korea. The larvae gregariously feed on the leaves of Salix caprea, Salix koreensis, and Salix maximowiczii until the final instar (Fig. 43). They raise the tip of the abdomen everting glands when disturbed (Fig. 44). There are four larval instars, and pupation occurs in soil. Adults emerge during early June; they feed and hibernate without mating. The larvae take 13 – 15 days to pupate, and then take 8 – 10 days to emerge as adults at room temperature.	en	Cho, Hee-Wook (2019): Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea. Zootaxa 4544 (4): 557-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6
