taxonID	type	description	language	source
4E574931E2725135B5A689A4E7DD70E0.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. Paratypes. (8 males, 4 females). " Costa Rica. Provincia Puntarenas. Buenos Aires, Parque Nacional La Amistad. Tres Colinas. 2100 - 2200 m. 27 - 29 Febrero 2008. A. Solis, M. Moraga. Trampa Foso. L S 343850 565700. "	en	Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel, Alvarado, Guillermo E. (2019): Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity. ZooKeys 881: 23-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026
4E574931E2725135B5A689A4E7DD70E0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Elytra as long as or shorter than pronotum (Fig. 1), due to brachyptery (Fig. 3 c). Broad clypeal horn bifurcation (Fig. 2 a); pygidium and apex of elytra with evident setae; clypeal margin indented at junction with clypeo-genal suture (Fig. 2 e).	en	Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel, Alvarado, Guillermo E. (2019): Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity. ZooKeys 881: 23-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026
4E574931E2725135B5A689A4E7DD70E0.taxon	description	Description. Holotype. Male (Fig. 1), length 7.2 mm; maximum width 4.3 mm. Oval, shining reddish black. Centre of the clypeus projected forming a slender bifid horn (Figs 1, 2 c); genae projected forming an angle (Fig. 2 e), genal sutures almost effaced; head punctures coarse, regular, dense, becoming finer and sparser towards the center; clypeal carina absent, vertex carina substituted by two vertical asymmetric platelets, modestly developed, and obliquely oriented; eyes two times longer than wide and separated by eight times the eye width. Pronotum (Fig. 2 c) very convex, lateral margins with a small and irregular fovea, not lineal; lateral pronotal margins bordered by a deep sulcus, anterior and basal borders margined; pronotal surface reticulate and covered by dense, regular, coarse, annular, and deep punctures without setae; pronotal projection well-developed (Figs 1, 2 c), forming a broad bilobed plate slightly bent downwards, with a depressed area antero-centrally, and having clear antero-lateral margins; anterior angles projected as long, slender, and curved projections (Figs 1, 2 c); pronotal base with a sulcus extending forward one third its length; scutellum not visible between the base of the elytra. Elytra convex, with clear margins and without a humeral callus; with eight well-marked striae, fine and clearly impressed and with crenulating punctures; intervals clearly punctured, punctures big and dense, not aligned, bearing short, stiff setae along the lateral and apical margins; microsculpture reticulate and regular. Wing brachypterous, measuring 0.75 mm (Fig. 3 c). Pygidium moderately shiny and shagreen, margined border, with big, coarse, annular punctures bearing short and stiff setae. Aedeagus as Fig. 3 a. Mesosternum with evident annular punctures bearing no setae. Metasternum shagreen and finely punctured, more coarsely laterally, basal third with a sulcus. Abdominal segments shagreen and finely punctured. Fore femur long, slender, and punctured; meso- and metafemur short and elongate, light yellow. Fore tibia long, slender and arched (Fig. 1); with four external teeth; tibial spur elongated, straight, pointed, deflexed anteriorly, extending to second tarsal segment. Middle- and hind femur light yellow at middle. Female, length 6.3 mm; maximum width 3.6 mm. It is similar to the male and varies in having a clypeus not forming a horn, clypeus shagreen, genae not projected as teeth, with a head frons keel, two small platelet projections at head vertex, no pronotal projection, no projected pronotal anterior angles, fore tibia short, fore femur short, last abdominal sternite broad.	en	Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel, Alvarado, Guillermo E. (2019): Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity. ZooKeys 881: 23-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026
4E574931E2725135B5A689A4E7DD70E0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated in honor of Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt, Prussian geographer, explorer, and naturalist, commemorating the 250 th anniversary of his birth. He is widely recognized for fathering the work on physical and plant geography, which laid the foundation for the development of modern biogeography.	en	Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel, Alvarado, Guillermo E. (2019): Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity. ZooKeys 881: 23-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026
4E574931E2725135B5A689A4E7DD70E0.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. This species is so far only known from the area of Tres Colinas, near Buenos Aires, in the province of Puntarenas (Fig. 5). It has been collected from 2100 to 2200 m altitude in the month of February in lower montane rain forest.	en	Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel, Alvarado, Guillermo E. (2019): Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity. ZooKeys 881: 23-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026
CD2B9D8B870A5AA787E67D6936B3E89F.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. Paratypes (18 males, 25 females). " Costa Rica. Provincia Guanacaste. Sector Santa Maria, Sendero a Pico Volcan Santa Maria. 1565 m. 2 Diciembre 2017. Col. Sergio Salas Rios. Biocol. 10.8039 N, 85.3281 W (6 males, 10 females). " Tilaran Bosque Nuboso Santa Elena. 1600 m. 26 Noviembre - 8 Diciembre 1999. J. Rodriguez Trampa de Luz. L N 258000 45000 " (1 female). " Provincia Puntarenas. Monteverde Zona Protectora Arenal-Monteverde. Parcela Brillantes. 1500 - 1600 m. 17 - 19 Junio 2009. A. Solis, J. D. Gutierres. Trampa Foso. L N 252009 450981 " (4 males, 2 females), " 13 - 1600 m. 10 ° 18 ' N, 84 ° 48 ' W. Univ. California EAP 1991 " (1 female). " Est. La Casona. 1520 m. Reserva Biologica Monteverde. N. Obando. Octubre 1991. L N 253250 449700 " (2 males, 2 females), " Septiembre 1990 (1 male), 29 Nov - 17 Diciembre 1994, K. Martinez, L N 253200 449700 " (2 males, 1 female). " Provincia Alajuela. San Ramon. Zona Protectora Arenal-Monteverde. Parcela El Valle. 1600 - 1700 m. 16 - 18 Jun 2009. A. Solis, J. D. Gutierrez. Trampa Foso. L N 255970 452538 " (3 males, 9 females).	en	Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel, Alvarado, Guillermo E. (2019): Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity. ZooKeys 881: 23-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026
CD2B9D8B870A5AA787E67D6936B3E89F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anterior of frons evenly convex, without carina or groove, with a dimple or transversely rugose; clypeal margin indented at junction with clypeogenal suture; dorsal ocular area twice as long as wide, distance between eyes five times eye width; pronotum evenly convex, sides angled near middle; elytral apex of the second to fourth intervals forming an oblique keel (Fig. 2 h); basal sulcus of pygidium sinuate; fore tibial spur slender and deflexed distally.	en	Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel, Alvarado, Guillermo E. (2019): Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity. ZooKeys 881: 23-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026
CD2B9D8B870A5AA787E67D6936B3E89F.taxon	description	Description. Holotype. Male, length 7.4 mm; maximum width 3.8 mm. Elongate oval, shining reddish black (Fig. 4). Clypeus bidentate, slightly indented immediately laterad of teeth; teeth broadly triangular and strongly reflexed (Fig. 4). Head surface with a small dimple at the center, distinct small punctures throughout. Clypeogenal suture distinct; clypeal margin distinctly indented at intersection of suture (Fig. 4); genal margins broadly rounded (Fig. 4). Frons weakly convex, with very slight, broad indentations. Dorsal ocular areas approximately twice as long as wide at posterior edge of canthus (12 to 14 facets wide at that point), distance between ocular areas approximately five times their width. Pronotum at median angulation as wide as elytra; lateral edges of pronotum produced into prominent angles (Fig. 4), strongly sinuate on lateral view, posterior two-thirds of margin nearly vertical; pronotum weakly convex medially; surface densely covered with fine, deep punctures; median longitudinal sulcus feebly indicated in posterior third; lateral fovea in form of crenulated longitudinal deep grove three-fourths length of pronotum (Fig. 4), not extending to either anterior or posterior margin, with cluster of coarse punctures in posterior third; pronotum margined basally, with adjacent row of large longitudinal punctures (Fig. 4). Elytron moderately convex, clearly punctate (faintly in Uroxys dybasi Howden & Young, 1981), humeral umbone small; striae distinct but shallow, with distinct punctures evenly spaced for most of length of each stria, seventh stria extending three-fifths length of elytron; posterior tenth of first stria furrowed; intervals flat, slightly flattened and constricted, not produced, except at the apex of the second to fourth intervals forming an oblique keel (Fig. 2 h) (sharp straight keel in the third interval in dybasi, Fig. 2 g). Meso- and metasternum clearly punctate (faintly in dybasi); meso-metasternal suture medially moderately angulate anteriorly, moderately angulate laterally, three times farther from anterior margin of mesosternum than from mesocoxal cavity; metasternum swollen, with distinct median posterior depression. Ventral abdominal segments two to five of equal length medially, each only slightly shorter medially than sixth; sixth slightly longer laterally than medially; anterior margins with small punctures (big crenulated punctures in dybasi). Pygidium strongly convex, faintly punctate, twice as wide as long; sulcus surrounding disc deep basally, shallow elsewhere; margin formed of same width apically and laterally; sulcus basally very slightly arcuate toward apex on each side of midline. Fore tibia elongate with inner margin broadly curved (Fig. 4); outer margin with three teeth in apical third, teeth approximately equidistant, basal tooth somewhat reduced and more broadly triangular (Fig. 4); apex of fore tibia with short, narrow, rounded, deflexed projection at inner corner, projection approximately half length of tibial spur. Tibial spur elongated, straight, pointed, extending to fourth tarsal segment. Fore femur gradually tapering distally; middle femur with a faint ventral posterior triangular projection at apical third (evident projection in dybasi); hind femur with a well-developed ventral posterior swelling at apical third; posterior margin of hind trochanter continuous with posterior margin of femur. Female, length 6.9 mm; maximum width 3.6 mm. It is similar to the male and varies in having a rugose clypeus, lateral edges of pronotum produced into less prominent angles. Elytral apex without oblique keels. Fore femur and fore tibia not as long. Middle and hind femur without a projection or swelling at apical third.	en	Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel, Alvarado, Guillermo E. (2019): Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity. ZooKeys 881: 23-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026
CD2B9D8B870A5AA787E67D6936B3E89F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated in honor of Aime Jacques Alexandre Goujaud Bonpland, French naturalist, physician, and botanist, member of the scientific expedition that accompanied Humboldt to Spanish America.	en	Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel, Alvarado, Guillermo E. (2019): Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity. ZooKeys 881: 23-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026
CD2B9D8B870A5AA787E67D6936B3E89F.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. Uroxys bonplandi sp. nov. has been collected so far in the Cordillera de Guanacaste and the Cordillera de Tilaran (Fig. 5). It is a mountain species distributed from 1520 to 2200 m of altitude and has been collected in the following life-zones: wet tropical forest (premontane transition), lower montane rain forest, lower montane wet forest, premontane rainforest, and premontane wet forest. It has been collected from June to February.	en	Kohlmann, Bert, Solis, Angel, Alvarado, Guillermo E. (2019): Description of Onthophagus humboldti and Uroxys bonplandi, two new scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, with notes on tropical mountain brachyptery and endemicity. ZooKeys 881: 23-51, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.38026
