taxonID	type	description	language	source
F65187C00C761D5571C5FB412693FC99.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Lithocolletis aberrans Braun, 1930, by original designation and monotypy.	en	Davis Introduction, Donald R. (2019): Anarsioses, a new generic name for Phyllonorycter aberrans (Braun) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae). Zootaxa 4701 (6): 574-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.6
F65187C00C761D5571C5FB412693FC99.taxon	description	Description. Adult. Head (Fig. 3). Vertex covered with long, erect, dense tuft of piliform scales; frons with broad, smoothly appressed scales extending down to bases of labial palpi; eyes enlarged, interocular index (= maximum vertical eye diameter / interocular distance at tentorial pits) ca. 1.45. Antenna ca. equal to length of forewing, smooth scaled, with a single row of slender scales per segment; scape with relatively short, dense pectin ventrally. Proboscis well developed, naked, ca. 2.9 x length of labial palpus. Maxillary palpus very reduced, ca. 0.5 x length of labial palpomere II, and directed laterally, consisting of 2 articulated segments. Labial palpus drooping, with 3 slender segments of almost equal length. Thorax (Fig. 4). Forewing slender, maximum length / width ratio ca. 5.2, extremely narrow at apex, reduced to an elongate lobe. Venation consisting of 7 veins extending to wing margin and a very rudimentary CuP vein ending short of wing margin near CuA; Sc extending to slightly less than basal third of costal margin; R and Rs 1 absent; Rs 2 – 4 present with Rs 4 arising from terminal end of cell; 1 A fused with 2 A and extending to distal 0.7 of hindmargin. Hindwing lanceolate, maximum width ca. 0.14 that of length; venation reduced, similar to Phyllonorycter. Abdomen. Male genitalia (Figs. 5 ‒ 6). Tegumen relatively short, triangular in ventral view. Vinculum a broadly rounded, slender, U-shaped, ventral ring. Transtilla slender. Valvae strongly asymmetrical, with right valva relatively broad and terminating in a mostly rounded, slightly clefted apex; left valva very slender, terminating in a prominently divided apex with two slender, digitate lobes. Gnathos terminating in a relatively elongate, slender lobe. Phallus (Fig. 6) slender, strongly curved, with a small triangular, ventral process arising near base. Female genitalia (Figs. 8 ‒ 9). Papillae anales laterally flattened, densely setose. Posterior apophyses slender, elongate. Os- tium bursae opening along caudal margin of abdominal segment 7, slightly left of median. Ductus bursae elongate, strongly curved. Accessory bursae membranous, nearly the size of corpus bursae and arising about midlength of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae with a small, U-shaped, sclerotized signum with a minutely serrated anterior margin; interior wall of corpus bursae densely covered with numerous rows of minute spines encircling signum.	en	Davis Introduction, Donald R. (2019): Anarsioses, a new generic name for Phyllonorycter aberrans (Braun) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae). Zootaxa 4701 (6): 574-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.6
F65187C00C761D5571C5FB412693FC99.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Morphologically, Anarsioses differs from Phyllonorycter and other Lithocolletine genera in the asymmetry of the male genitalia and eighth abdominal sternite. The right valva in Anarsioses (Fig. 5) is broad with a rounded apex, and the left valva is extremely narrow with a bifurcated apex (Fig. 5). The phallus is strongly curved (Fig. 6), and the male eighth sternum terminates in a slender, curved lobe (Fig. 7). The males of several species of Phyllonorycter also have asymmetrical valvae, but in most of these species the left valva is broad and the right slenderer. The phallus in Phyllonorycter is typically straight. The male eighth sternum also is typically symmetrical in Phyllonorycter, although in at least one North American species (i. e., P. occitanica (Frey & Boll )) the caudal apex of sternum eight is attenuated and slightly curved. In the Japanese species “ Lithocolletis ” issikii Kumata, the valvae are also asymmetrical with the left valva slenderer (Kumata 1963). However, in this species the phallus is straight and the eighth sternum is symmetrical. The larvae of A. aberrans differ from those of all Phyllonorycter in exiting the leaf mine to pupate (Fig. 10), and from most Phyllonorycter in creating a flat, upper-surface mine. In a recent molecular phylogeny utilizing 22 genes for 96 species of Gracillariidae and representing all previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups, Anarsioses aberrans was found to comprise a clade distinct from the other members of Phyllonorycter and the other genera sampled (Kawahara et al. 2017: fig. 2).	en	Davis Introduction, Donald R. (2019): Anarsioses, a new generic name for Phyllonorycter aberrans (Braun) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae). Zootaxa 4701 (6): 574-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.6
F65187C00C761D5571C5FB412693FC99.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name is derived from the Greek anarsios (strange) and ses (moth), in reference to the strongly asymmetrical male genitalia and eighth abdominal sternite.	en	Davis Introduction, Donald R. (2019): Anarsioses, a new generic name for Phyllonorycter aberrans (Braun) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae). Zootaxa 4701 (6): 574-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.6
F65187C00C771D5171C5FC4A2622FE55.taxon	description	Figs. 1 ‒ 7	en	Davis Introduction, Donald R. (2019): Anarsioses, a new generic name for Phyllonorycter aberrans (Braun) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae). Zootaxa 4701 (6): 574-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.6
F65187C00C771D5171C5FC4A2622FE55.taxon	description	Description. Adult (Figs 1 ‒ 2). Head: Frons white; dorsal scale tuft with mixture of white and dark brown, piliform scales. Antenna mostly brown with whitish annuli; scape and a few succeeding flagellomeres white on anterior surface. Thorax: White with brown and brownish ochreous scales intermixed. Forewing length 2.7 ‒ 3.0 mm. Forewing pattern complex, partially brownish ochreous with black tipped scales, and with 2 strongly angulate white fasciae near basal third and distal two thirds; costal arms of fasciae shorter than dorsal arms; a pair of white spots on costal and dorsal wing margin near distal third of wing; a pair of much smaller, more slender white spots terminating near forewing apex; basal margins of fasciae and spots bordered with patches of black scales. Cilia predominantly white, tipped with a few black scales below wing apex. Hindwing pale silvery gray with cilia slightly ochreous. Legs white, apices of segments dark brown; posterior tibiae with diagonal, dark brown bands. Abdomen: Gray to brown dorsally, silvery white ventrally. Sternum 8 (Fig. 7) in male broad and elongate, equaling length of male genitalia; caudal margin strongly asymmetrical, terminating in a small, strongly curved, caudal lobe. Male genitalia (Figs. 5 ‒ 6) as described for genus. Female genitalia (Figs. 8 ‒ 9) as described for genus. Larva. Last instar spinning larva (Figs. 11 ‒ 17): Head: Approximately round with mouthparts fully developed; frons elongate, ca. 0.75 x the distance to epicranial notch; ecdysial line terminating at epicranial notch. Chaetotaxy (Figs. 12 ‒ 13, 15) relatively complete; all three MD setae present, arising caudad to P 1. P 1 arising adjacent to ecdys- ial line. P 2 reduced, arising caudad to A 2. A 2 long, slightly exceeding length of A 1. Five stemmata present. Antenna 3 - segmented, with segments approximately equal in length and third segment reduced in diameter. Labrum (Fig. 16) strongly bilobed; M 2 and La 1 reduced in length. Mandible (Fig. 17) with four relatively large median cusps and one reduced lateral cusp. Thorax: Pronotum and dorsal plates sclerotized on T 1 ‒ 3. Prothorax with setae XD 1 and XD 2 extremely short and of equal length; SD 1 elongate, immediately ventral to XD 2. L and SV groups bisetose on T 1 ‒ 3. Legs relatively short but fully developed; coxae widely separated, with 4 coxal setae. Abdomen: Dorsal plate sclerotized on A 1 ‒ 10; D and SD groups bisetose on A 1 ‒ 8, 10; unisetose on A 9. Prolegs present on A 3 ‒ 5, 10; anal plate broad, with 4 pairs of setae. The early instar larvae are sap-feeding with relatively flattened bodies and specialized mouthparts (Davis 1987). The final instar transforms to a tissue-feeding larva possessing a typical cylindrical body form and chewing mouthparts. After feeding on parenchymal leaf tissue for two or three days, the final instar exits the mine and spins a smooth, flat, whitish cocoon. Braun (1930) estimated that the mining period was about three weeks in duration, with early instar larvae collected in Ohio around mid-August forming cocoons ca. September 4 – 5 and the adult moths emerging September 18 ‒ 23. Larval mine (Fig. 10). The leaf mine begins as a short irregular line that quickly begins to enlarge to form a smooth, slightly irregular blotch on the dorsal leaf surface. As feeding continues, the blotch increases in size, thereby obliterating the early serpentine mine, and finally enlarges to ca. 1.5 – 2.0 cm in diameter. Adjacent mines sometimes coalesce resulting in more than one larva within a single large blotch. The larva pupates in a small cocoon spun outside the mine, sometimes in a folded over edge of the leaf (see Fig. 10) Holotype. Anarsioses aberrans (Braun), ♂, Beaver Pond, Adams County, Ohio (ANSP). Hosts. Fabaceae: Apios americana Medikus (Eiseman & Davis, in prep.); Desmodium canescens (L.), Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. (Braun 1930); Desmodium glabellum (Michaux) A. P. de Candolle (new record); Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC.; Desmodium perplexum B. G. Schub.; Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. (Eiseman & Davis in prep.); Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. (D. H. Habeck, reported in current reference) [misspelled as “ Vigna lutens ” by Heppner (2003)].	en	Davis Introduction, Donald R. (2019): Anarsioses, a new generic name for Phyllonorycter aberrans (Braun) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae). Zootaxa 4701 (6): 574-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.6
F65187C00C771D5171C5FC4A2622FE55.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Since the original collection of this species by Annette Braun in Adams County, Ohio, Anarsioses aberrans has been found to occur widely over the eastern United States from Maryland south through several states to possibly Texas. Braun (1939) reported rearing this species from Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, and South Carolina, and found empty mines in Tennessee. Warren Steiner, Jil Swearingen, and the author have reared A. aberrans from Apios americana in marshy habitats in southern Maryland. Charley S. Eiseman and T. S. Feldman have reared the species from other hosts in Missouri and North Carolina.	en	Davis Introduction, Donald R. (2019): Anarsioses, a new generic name for Phyllonorycter aberrans (Braun) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae). Zootaxa 4701 (6): 574-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.6
F65187C00C771D5171C5FC4A2622FE55.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Florida: Colombia Co: Ichetucknee Springs State Park: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 27 Jun 1975, em: 14 Jul 1973, D. H. Habeck, host: Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. (USNM). Kentucky: McCreary Co: 1 ♂, 9 Apr 1942, A. F. Braun, host: Desmodiuum, USNM 17156 ♂ (USNM), Cumberland Falls: 1 ♀, 12 Aug 1937, B 1324, A. F. Braun (USNM); Monroe Co: Mud Lick: 1 ♀, 9 Apr 1942, host: Desmodium, USNM 17959 ♀ (USNM). Maryland: Prince Georges Co: Fort Washington, Henson Creek: 1 ♂, DRD 2706, 8 Sep 1996, em: 15 Dec, 1996, host: Desmodium glabellum, D. R. Davis, USNM. Piscataway Park: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 13 Aug 2010, em: 25 Aug 2010, host: Apios americana, W. E. Steniner and J. W. Swearingen; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 13 Aug 2011, em. 6 Sep 2011, host: Apios americana, DRD 2706, D. R. & M. M. Davis (USNM). Missouri: Franklin Co: Gray Summit, Shaw Nature Preserve: 1 ♂, 1 Jul 2015, em: 21 Jul 2015, host: Desmodium perplexum, host: Desmodium marilandicum, CSE 1763, C. S. Eiseman (USNM). Shaw Co.: 1 ♀, 26 Jul 1939, A. F. Braun, B 1623 (USNM). North Carolina: Scotland Co: Laurinburg, St. Andrews University: 1 ♂, 2 May 2016, em: 24 May 2016, CSE 2499; 1 ♀, 7 Jun 2016, em.: 23 Jun 2016, CSE 2621; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 26 Aug 2015, em: 18 Sep 2015, host Apios americana, CSE 2061; 1 ♂, Sep 2016, em: 20 Mar 2016, CSE 2386, host: Apios americana, T. S. Feldman & C. S. Eiseman (CSE, USNM).	en	Davis Introduction, Donald R. (2019): Anarsioses, a new generic name for Phyllonorycter aberrans (Braun) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae). Zootaxa 4701 (6): 574-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.6
