taxonID	type	description	language	source
F55487961D45D86559BAB826FD46D2C7.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Caenopedia ocularia n. sp., by present designation.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D45D86559BAB826FD46D2C7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace with convex dorsal surface, regions demarcated; cardiac region slightly raised; front distinctly bilobed, with median cleft; anterolateral margin strongly arcuate, granular, without distinct lobes or teeth, not clearly separated from posterolateral margin. Eye peduncle relatively stout, completely filling orbit. mobile; cornea distinct, completely pigmented. Third maxillipeds relatively short, almost completely covers buccal cavern when closed; ischium rectangular with prominent submedian oblique sulcus; merus quadrate, anteroexternal angle strongly auriculiform; exopod relatively broad, with long flagellum. Chelipeds prominently unequal, heteromorphic in adult males; basis-ischium surface with several short spines; ventral margins of merus lined with short spines; carpus with long sharp tooth on inner dorsal angle; outer surface of chelae smooth or punctate; major chela: fingers subequal in length to palm, pollex not bent, ventral margin forming gentle concavity with rest of palm, dactylus long, cutting margins with distinct teeth, denticles, sub-basal tooth on dactylus distinct but not enlarged; minor chela: fingers slender, elongated, longer than palm, pollex gently curved, ventral margin forming gentle concavity with rest of palm, dactylus relatively long, cutting margins with low teeth, denticles. Ambulatory legs long; anterodorsal margin of ambulatory coxa with row of 2 – 4 short spines, ventral surface with 1 or 2 short spines; basis-ischium with 2 or 3 short spines; dorsal, ventral margins of meri with sharp granules and / or low spines; dactylus of P 5 recurved. Male abdomen relatively broad, somites 4 – 6 much wider than long; somite 3 much wide than somite 1.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D45D86559BAB826FD46D2C7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is derived from an arbitrary combination of the Latin caeno and pedia for “ mud ” and “ legs ”, respectively, alluding to the muddy habitat of the type species. The gender is feminine.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D45D86559BAB826FD46D2C7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The recognition of a separate genus for the present new species is necessary because the three species of Scalopidia from the West Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean all have the eye peduncle fused to the orbit. In contrast, the eye peduncle of Caenopedia n. gen. is fully mobile. The male abdomen of Caenopedia n. gen. is also proportionately broader, especially somites 6 and telson (Figs. 9 G, H versus Figs. 9 A – F), with male abdominal somite 3 distinctly wider than somite 1 (Fig. 9 G) (versus widths of somites 1 and 3 subequal, Figs. 9 A, C, E). Caenopedia ocularia n. sp. (Figs. 4, 5 D, 6 D, 8 E, F, 9 G, H, 13 E – G, 14 C)	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D45D86559BAB826FD46D2C7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype — male (11.2 × 15.0 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2010 - 1573), station DW 3202, west of Cap d’Ambre, between Nosy-B and Banc du Leven, 1235.2 ’ S 4849.94 ’ E, Madagascar, 42 – 44 m, MIRIKI, 29 June 2009. Paratypes — Madagascar: 1 female (10.3 × 14.0 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2010 - 1032), same data as holotype. — 1 female (13.5 × 18.3 mm) (ZRC 2013.1415, ex MNHN-IU- 2010 - 1028), station CP 3203, south of Cape Saint-Sbastian, 1235.92 ’ S 4835.22 ’ E, 50 – 52 m, MIRIKI, 29 June 2009.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D45D86559BAB826FD46D2C7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace quadrate, lateral margins gently convex with posterolateral sides subparallel (Fig. 4 A, C); dorsal carapace surface almost even with regions of similar convexities (Figs. 4 A, C, 5 D); cornea entirely pigmented (Fig. 5 D); cheliped carpus with long sharp tooth on inner dorsal angle, distal margin distinctly granular; P 2 – 4 carpus almost completely unarmed except for weakly rugose lateral, marginal ridges (Fig. 4 A, C); P 2 – 4 merus dorsal margins lined with small granules, those on subdistal part more spinular (Fig. 4 A, C); P 2 – 4 merus ventral margins lined with 4 – 6 sharp vertical spines or sharp granules on proximal half, armature strongest on P 4 (Fig. 4 A, C); P 5 merus dorsal margin with scattered small, sharp granules; P 5 merus ventral margin with 1 - 7 spinules or sharp granules on proximal third (Figs. 4 A, C, 8 E, F); surface of thoracic sternum granular (Fig. 9 G, H); male abdomen relatively broader, somites 4 – 6 wider than long, somite 3 much wider than somite 1 (Fig. 9 G, H); G 1 sinuous with lateral surfaces lined with short spinules (Fig. 13 E, F).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D45D86559BAB826FD46D2C7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the species is derived from the Latin oculus for “ eye ”, to refer to its characteristically mobile eyes.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D45D86559BAB826FD46D2C7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The tip of the left G 1 of the only male specimen is broken, and as such, the right one has been figured (Fig. 13 E, F). See Fig 4 C for colour in life.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4BD86059BAB84DFD8ED24D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype — male (15.3 × 21.7 mm) (ZRC 1999.0136 a), Andaman Sea, Pichai Fish Port, Phuket, western Thailand, coll. trawlers, P. K. L. Ng, April 1999. Paratypes — Thailand: 1 male (11.1 × 15.4 mm) (ZRC 1999.0136 b), same data as holotype. — 1 male (16.3 × 22.6 mm) (ZRC 1999.212), Andaman Sea, Pichai Fish Port, Phuket, coll. trawlers, P. K. L. Ng, April 1999. Peninsular Malaysia: 1 female (10.0 × 13.1 mm) (ZRC 1992.10459 – 10461), Penang, Langkawi. — 1 male (9.7 × 13.2 mm), 2 females (10.7 × 13.7 mm, 10.0 × 13.1 mm) (ZRC 1992.10459 – 10461), Andaman Sea, between Penang and Langkawi, trawl, coll. C. P. How & C. O. Lau, 12 November 1991. — 1 female (13.1 × 17.8 mm) (ZRC 1993.261), Andaman Sea, Batu Maung, Penang, coll. trawlers, H. R. Singh, 20 September 1982.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4BD86059BAB84DFD8ED24D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace subovate, lateral margins convex (Fig. 2 E, F); dorsal surface uneven with regions of different convexities (Figs. 2 E, F, 5 B); cornea with pigmentation in centre (Fig. 5 B); cheliped carpus with long sharp tooth on inner dorsal angle, distal margin very finely granular or almost smooth; P 2 merus dorsal margin with sharp granules and / or short spines, ventral margin with row of sharp spines (Fig. 2 E, F); P 2 carpus unarmed (Fig. 2 E, F); P 2 propodus with row of spines on dorsal margin (Fig. 2 E, F); P 3, P 4 dorsal margin with strong spines, ventral margin with 2 rows of sharp spines (Fig. 2 E, F); P 3, P 4 carpus each with rows of strong spines on dorsal margin, with low subdorsal ridge; P 3, P 4 propodus each with strong spines on dorsal, ventral margins (Fig. 2 E, F); P 5 merus with strong spines on dorsal margin, ventral margin with numerous strong spines on proximal half of ventral margin (Figs. 2 E, F, 8 C); surface of thoracic sternum distinctly mostly smooth or pitted, surface near sternoabdominal cavity with low, flattened granules (Fig. 9 C, D); episternite 7 as tranversely elongated, subrectangular plate (Fig. 9 D); male abdominal somite 6 slightly wider than long (Figs. 9 C, 10 C); G 1 distal part elongated, tip prominently open distally, distinctly flared (Fig. 12 E – G).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4BD86059BAB84DFD8ED24D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name alludes to the species occurrence in the Indian Ocean.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4BD86059BAB84DFD8ED24D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Records of Scalopidia spinosipes from Gulf of Manaar, Sri Lanka (Laurie 1906), Gulf of Martaban, India (Henderson 1893), Sandheads in the Bay in Bengal (Chopra 1935), Calcutta, India (Guinot et al. 2013) and Andaman Sea, Phuket (Davie et al. 2002) should be referred to this new species (see discussion for genus). Scalopidia spectabilis n. sp. (Figs. 2 I, 5 C, 6 C, 7 G, H, 8 D, 9 E, F, 10 D, 13 A – D, 14 B)	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4BD86059BAB84DFD8ED24D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype — male (11.5 × 16.6 mm) (MNHN-IU- 2013 - 507), station PS 14, 4 – 5 m depth, Admosin Island, 5 ° 05.1 ’ S 145 ° 48 ’ E, Madang, Papua New Guinea, coll. Expedition PAPUA NUIGINI, 16 November 2012 Diagnosis. Carapace subovate, lateral margins gently convex with posterolateral sides subparallel (Fig. 2 I); dorsal surface uneven with regions of different convexity (Figs. 2 I, 5 C); cornea entirely pigmented (Fig. 5 C); cheliped carpus with long sharp tooth on inner dorsal angle, distal margin very finely granular or almost smooth; P 2 merus dorsal margin with sharp granules, ventral margin with row of strong spines (Fig. 2 I); P 2 – 5 carpus, propodus dorsal margins without spines, dorsal margins, subdorsal ridges of carpi of P 3, 4 lined with very low granules; P 5 merus dorsal margin unarmed, ventral margin with 2 or 3 short spines on proximal half (Figs. 2 I, F, 8 D); surface of thoracic sternum granular, those near sterno-abdominal cavity relatively larger (Fig. 9 E, F); episternite 7 as tranversely elongated triangular plate (Fig. 9 F); male abdominal somite 6 as wide as long, anterodistal angles prominently dilated (Figs. 9 E, 10 D); G 1 distal part elongated, tip prominently open laterally (Fig. 13 A – C).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4BD86059BAB84DFD8ED24D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after its relatively colorful carapace when compared with congeners (Fig. 14 B).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4BD86059BAB84DFD8ED24D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is diagnostic in characters discussed earlier (see Remarks for genus). Scalopidia spectabilis n. sp. also differs from congeners in that the anterodistal angles of male abdominal somite 6 are relatively more dilated (Fig. 10 D).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4CD86E59BAB951FF73D3F7.taxon	description	Hypophthalmus leucochirus Richters, in Lenz & Richters, 1881: 429, pls. 1 – 10. Scalopidia leucochirus. — Serène 1964: 235. Scalopidia leuchochirus [sic]. — Serène 1968: 92. — Ng et al. 2008: 85.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4CD86E59BAB951FF73D3F7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hong Kong: lectotype male (here designated) (9.3 × 12.1 mm), paralectotype female (13.3 × 17.7 mm) (Stimpson Collection, NHM 61.44). — 1 male (14.8 × 19.2 mm) (ZRC 2006.0073), among shellfish, Tai Po Wet market, Hong Kong, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 2006. Singapore: 1 male (ZRC 1989.3671), off Bedok, in mud, dredge, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 27 October 1982. — 1 male (12.2 × 16.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1604), Southern Islands, dredge, coll. D. Lane, 1992. — 1 female (ZRC 2000.1455), off Tanah Merah Jetty, 26 m, 118 ’ 13.8 ” N 10359 ’ 46.9 ” E, coll. L. W. Loh et al., 29 August 1997. Indonesia: 1 male (16.1 × 11.8 mm) (ZRC 1969.10.13.2), coll. RV Djalanidhi, R. Serène, 6 October 1967. South China Sea: 1 male (ZRC 1985.1627), near Horsburgh Lighthouse, South China Sea, coll. H. Huat, June 1983. — 6 males (largest 14.8 × 20.4 mm), 11 females (largest 14.2 × 19.2 mm), 1 juvenile (ZRC 2000.1343), about 30 miles from Horsburgh Lighthouse, South China Sea, coll. H. Huat, 10 September 1983. Gulf of Thailand: 3 males, 1 female (ZRC 2013.1414), Sri Racha Fish Port, 20 m, near Chonburi, Thailand, coll. trawlers, J. Lai & N. K. Ng, 17 March 2005. — 1 female (ZRC 2008. 0190), Sri Racha Fish Port, 20 m, near Chonburi, Thailand, coll. trawlers, N. K. Ng et al., 18 March 2005. — 2 males (larger 19.1 × 26.3 mm) (ZRC 2013.1413), Sri Racha Fish Port, 20 m, near Chonburi, Thailand, coll. trawlers, J. Lai & N. K. Ng, 19 March 2005. — 4 males, 1 female (ZRC 1997.672), Chonburi Port, 20 m, Thailand, coll. trawlers, P. Naiyanetr, 1996. — 1 male (ZRC 2000.23), Angsila Port, near Chonburi, 20 m, Thailand, coll. trawlers, P. K. L. Ng, November 1999. — 1 male (ZRC 2013.1410), Angsila Port, near Chonburi, 20 m, Thailand, coll. trawlers, P. K. L. Ng, 20 February 2000. — 4 males, 2 ovigerous females, 3 females (ZRC 2000.0886), Angsila Port, near Chonburi, 20 m, Thailand, coll. trawlers, P. K. L. Ng, 20 February 2000. Vietnam: 1 male (17.8 × 13.0 mm) (ZRC 1969.11.25.1), coll. Fisheries UNDP Vietnam, R. Serène, 25 November 1969. Philippines: 1 juvenile male (ZRC 2013.1423), station D 10, Bohol Sea, coll. PANGLAO 2004 Expedition, 20 June 2004. — 1 juvenile female (ZRC 2013.1424), station S 25, Bohol Sea, coll. PANGLAO 2004 Expedition, 23 June 2004. — 1 female (12.5 × 9.2 mm) (ZRC 2013.1425), station T 23, Bohol Sea, coll. PANGLAO 2004 Expedition, 21 June 2004.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4CD86E59BAB951FF73D3F7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace subovate, lateral margins convex (Fig. 2 A – D); dorsal carapace surface uneven with regions of different convexities (Figs. 2 A – D, 5 A); cornea with pigmentation in centre (Figs. 3 B, 5 A); cheliped carpus with long sharp tooth on inner dorsal angle, distal margin very finely granular or almost smooth; P 2 merus dorsal margin with sharp granules and / or short spines, ventral margin with row of sharp spines (Figs. 2 C, D, 3 A); P 2 carpus unarmed (Figs. 2 C, D, 3 A); P 2 propodus with row of spines on dorsal margin (Figs. 2 C, D, 3 A); P 3, P 4 merus dorsal margins with strong spines, ventral margin with 2 rows of sharp spines (Figs. 2 C, D, 3 A); P 3, P 4 carpus each with rows of strong spines on dorsal margin, with low subdorsal ridge; P 3, P 4 propodus each with strong spines on dorsal, ventral margins (Figs. 2 C, D, 3 A); P 5 merus with strong spines on dorsal margin, ventral margin with numerous strong spines on proximal half (Figs. 2 B – D, D, 3 A, 8 A, B); surface of thoracic sternum mostly smooth or pitted, surface near sterno-abdominal cavity with low, flattened granules (Fig. 9 A, B); episternite 7 as tranversely elongated subrectangular plate (Fig. 9 B); male abdominal somite 6 as wide as long (Figs. 9 A, 10 A, B); G 1 distal part elongated, tip prominently open distally, slightly flared (Fig. 12 A-C).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4CD86E59BAB951FF73D3F7.taxon	description	Variation. Females are similar to males in non-sexual characters. Their chelipeds are almost equal but the two chelae do not differ substantially in structure except the difference in size. The same is true for young male specimens. Large male specimens, however, have very unequal and heteromorphic chelipeds; with the pollex prominently curved, as well as very different palm and finger structures and dentition (Fig. 7 C, D). Small males (Fig. 7 A) and females have the outer surface of the chela pitted, setose to different degrees, the fingers relatively shorter, and less curved with the teeth well developed (Fig. 7 A). As males become larger, the pollex curves more substantially (Figs. 3 D, 7 B).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4CD86E59BAB951FF73D3F7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Evans (1967: 407) listed two dried syntype specimens of Scalopidia spinosipes as NHM 61.44. Both specimens were examined (Fig. 2 A, B), and although in poor condition, they are easily identifiable with Stimpson’s species. The male is here designated as the lectotype. They agree very well with a fresh male specimen from Hong Kong (ZRC 2006.0073). We disagree with Serène (1964, 1968) in treating S. leucochirus as a distinct species. Scalopidia leucochirus was described on the basis of one male measuring 19 × 14 mm from Hong Kong infected with the rhizocephalan Sacculina. The figures of the species by Richters (in Lenz & Richters 1881: pls. 1 – 10) (Fig. 3) show no major differences with the large series of specimens of S. spinosipes we have from East and Southeast Asia, particularly in the armature of ambulatory legs. There is one discrepancy. The figure of the male abdomen of Hypophthalmus leucochirus by Richters (in Lenz & Richters 1881: pl. 10) (Fig. 3 F) is unusual because somite 6 is depicted as being much longer than wide. It is quite unlike any seen in any Scalopidia species and is almost certainly incorrectly drawn.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4FD86959BABA51FEBCD082.taxon	description	Scalopidia. — Miers 1886: 223; Tesch 1918: 224. Hypophthalmus Richters, in Lenz & Richters, 1881: 429 (type species Hypophthalmus leuchochirus Richters, in Lenz & Richters, 1881, by monotypy; gender masculine; name pre-occupied by Hypophthalmus Cuvier, 1829 [Pisces]).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4FD86959BABA51FEBCD082.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace with convex dorsal surface, regions demarcated; cardiac region raised, with low but distinct transverse ridge; front bilobed, with distinct median cleft; anterolateral margin strongly arcuate, granular, without distinct lobes or teeth, not distinctly separated from posterolateral margin. Eye peduncle relatively stout, completely filling orbit, fused to orbit; cornea distinct, partially or completely pigmented. Third maxillipeds relatively short, almost completely covering buccal cavern when closed; ischium rectangular with prominent submedian oblique sulcus; merus quadrate, anteroexternal angle auriculiform; exopod relatively broad, with long flagellum. Chelipeds prominently unequal, heteromorphic in adult males; basis-ischium surface with 2 or 3 short spines; ventral margins of merus lined with short spines; carpus with long sharp tooth on inner dorsal angle; outer surface of chelae smooth or nearly so; major chela: fingers shorter than palm, pollex bent, ventral margin forming prominent concavity with rest of palm, dactylus long, cutting margins with distinct teeth, denticles, sub-basal tooth on dactylus may be enlarged; minor chela: fingers slender, elongated, longer than palm, pollex bent, ventral margin forming prominent concavity with rest of palm, dactylus long, cutting margins with low teeth, denticles. Ambulatory legs proportionally long; anterodorsal margin of each ambulatory coxa with row of 2 – 4 short spines, ventral surface with 1 or 2 short spines; basis-ischium with 2 or 3 short spines; dorsal, ventral margin of merus with sharp granules and / or spines; dactylus of P 5 recurved. Male abdomen slender, somites 4 – 6 as wide as long; somite 3 as wide as somite 1. G 1 sinuous, lateral margins lined with numerous spinules; long simple and / or plumose setae absent. G 2 about a third length of G 1.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4FD86959BABA51FEBCD082.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Stimpson (1858) described Scalopidia and its type species S. spinosipes from an unspecified number of specimens from Hong Kong. The species was never figured, and no mention or illustrations were given in his posthumous work (Stimpson 1907). Richters (in Lenz & Richters 1881) described a new genus and new species, Hypophthalmus leuchochirus, on the basis of one specimen apparently from Hong Kong as well, and although he discussed and compared it with Xenophthalmus White, 1846 (currently Xenophthalminae Stimpson, 1858: Xenophthalmidae Stimpson, 1858) and Xenophthalmodes Richters, 1880 (currently Xenophthalmodinae Števčić, 2005: Pilumnidae Samouelle, 1819), he was apparently not aware of Stimpson’s (1858) new genus. Miers (1886: 223) first stated that Hypophthalmus Richters, in Lenz & Richters, 1881, is synonymous with Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858, but without any comment. Henderson (1893: 380) agreed and further commented that the “ genus Hypophthalmus, Richters (in Lenz and Richters ‘ Beitrag zur Krustaceenfauna von Madagascar’), is, as pointed out by Miers, synonymous with Scalopidia, and the H. leucochirus, Richters, apparently differs but little from Stimpson's species [S. spinosipes]. ” Serène (1964, 1968) recognised S. spinosipes and S. leucochirus as distinct species but without any discussion, and this classification was followed by Ng et al. (2008). The name Hypophthalmus Richter, in Lenz Richters, 1881, is actually pre-occupied by Hypophthalmus Cuvier, 1829 (usually incorrectly cited as “ Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz 1829 ”, see Kottelat 1988: 78), a genus of Brazilian fish. Since we are certain that Hypophthalmus Richter, in Lenz Richters, 1881, is a junior synonym of Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858, a replacement name is not necessary. The three species of Scalopidia recognised can be divided into two groups. One group contains S. spinosipes and S. indica n. sp., and are easily recognised by its well-developed ocular peduncle with a distinct cornea that is only pigmented in the middle portion (Figs. 5 A, B), the strong spinulation on both margins of P 2 and P 3 meri (relatively weaker but still prominent in the P 4 merus) (Figs. 2 C – H, 8 A – C), the presence of strong spines on the dorsal margins of the carpi of P 3 – 5 (weakest and / or low in P 5, sometimes with small granules or spinules on P 2 carpus) (Figs. 2 C – H, 8 A – C), strong spines only on the dorsal margin of P 2 propodus (Fig. 2 C – H), strong spines on both margins of P 3 propodus (Figs. 2 C – H), and the gently recurved P 5 dactylus (Fig. 2 C – H). The second group consists of only S. spectabilis n. sp. and is distinguished by having a relatively longer ocular peduncle with the cornea fully pigmented (Fig. 5 C), a relatively weaker and sparser spinulation on both margins of P 2 – 4 meri (only with granules or absent on dorsal margin of P 5 merus, ventral margin only with 1 or several short spines or tubercles) (Figs. 2 I, 8 D), the dorsal and ventral margins of P 2 – 5 carpus and P 2 – 5 propodus are unarmed (Figs. 2 I, 8 D), and a strongly recurved P 5 dactylus (Fig. 2 I). Scalopidia indica n. sp. can also be separated from S. spinosipes n. sp. by the relatively more slender and longer fourth ambulatory merus (Fig. 8 C versus Fig. 8 A, B), relatively wider male abdominal somite 6 (Fig. 10 C versus Fig. 10 A, B), and the distal part of the G 1 being relatively longer with a more flared tip (Fig. 12 E, F versus Fig. 12 A, B).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
F55487961D4FD86A59BABE28FD43D182.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace subovate (Figs. 2, 4 A, C). Epistome longitudinally narrow, partially sunken into branchial cavity; posterior margin as prominent median triangle separated by distinct fissure, tip bilobed (Figs. 5). No endostomial ridges visible. Basal antennal article subrectangular, mobile; subsequent articles, flagellum in orbit (Figs. 5). Basal antennular article large, rectangular, mobile; in large, transverse antennular fossa; second antennal article elongated, longer than width of basal article, unable to fold into fossa (Figs. 5). Eye peduncle relatively stout, completely filling orbit, fused or mobile (Figs. 5). Chelipeds prominently unequal, heteromorphic in adult males (Figs. 4 B, D, 7). Ambulatory legs proportionally long; dorsal, ventral margins of first, second meri with sharp granules and / or spines; dactylus of P 5 recurved (Figs. 2, 4 A, C, 8). Male thoracic sternum relatively wide, sternites 1, 2 completely fused forming triangular plate, sternite 3 separated from sternite 2 by concave suture; sternites 3, 4 fused with only lateral sutures discernible, median part depressed; sutures 4 – 7 medially interrupted, sternite 8 with deep longitudinal groove that does not reach suture 7 / 8 (Fig. 9). Sterno-abdominal cavity deep, press-button for male abdominal holding present as small rounded tubercle on posterior part of thoracic sternite 5, adjacent to suture 5 / 6, near edge of sterno-abdominal cavity (Fig. 1). Episternite 7 as a transversely elongated plate, covering penis as it exits coxa of P 5, remaining portion of penis exposed along transverse channel or gutter, between thoracic sternites 7, 8 (Fig. 9 B, D, F, H). Penis coxo-sternal, long, exposed surfaces calcified to form tube (Fig. 9 B, D, F, H). Male abdomen T-shaped; telson subtriangular with rounded tip (Figs. 9, 10). G 1 sinuous, with open tip, lateral surfaces lined with numerous short spinules (Figs. 12 A – C, E – G, 13 A – C, E, F). G 2 short, about a third length of G 1, basal segment sinuous with dilated base, distal segment relatively short (Figs. 12 D, H, 13 D, G). Adult female abdomen subovate, not covering entire surface of thoracic sternum; somites 1 – 6, telson free, separated from each other by deep clefts (Fig. 11 A, C, E). Female sterno-abdominal cavity relatively shallow (Fig. 11 B, D, F); vulvae relatively large, positioned on anterior half of somite 6 adjacent to suture 5 / 6, exposed without operculum or sternal vulvar cover (Fig. 11 B, D, F).	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Castro, Peter (2013): On the genus Scalopidia Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea: Scalopidiidae), with the description of one new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 3731 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.2
