identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F519B035CA21FFB3FF2BF953FB30F80E.text	F519B035CA21FFB3FF2BF953FB30F80E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notalina morsei Holzenthal 1986	<div><p>Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986</p><p>(Figures 1–3)</p><p>Description of larvae. The larvae can be recognized by the ventral apotome which is broad anteriorly and narrow posteriorly; the metanotum with three sclerites; the metasternum bearing 10–12 setae; the gill arrangement, usually including ventral and dorsal filaments from abdominal segments II to VI; and abdominal tergite IX with 6 long and 4 short setae. Characters to separate Notalina from other Neotropical leptocerid larvae are presented in the key.</p><p>Head (Figs. 1 B, 2A–C). Elongate oval; dark brown with pale yellow to orange-brown spots around epicranial sutures; brown patch mesoventrally on each side of head present on almost all larvae, varying from small pale area of light mottling to large dark area; antennae long, bearing an apical seta; frontoclypeal apotome triangular, wider anteriorly and tapering behind a weak constriction; labrum without secondary setae (Fig. 2 A); mandibles short, wide, triangular, teeth grouped around a central concavity (Fig. 2 B); left mandible with 6 teeth, right mandible with 5 teeth; ventral apotome developed, broad in the anterior region, tapering posteriorly, truncate; cardo long, slender (Fig. 2 C).</p><p>Thorax (Figs. 1 B–E, 2D–E). Pronotum dark brown, rarely dark orange with few obvious spots, anterior margin smooth, anterolateral corner smoothly rounded; mesonotum light brown or yellow with brown spots and/or patches, the 3 metanotal sclerites brown; 2 sa 1 sclerites semi-quadrate, sa 2 sclerite wide, short; darkened regions present at sa 3, rarely tiny sclerites present, smaller than the distance between the 3 setae in the area (Fig. 2 D); foretrochantin developed, long, tapering, sinuous (Fig. 1 C); prosternal and mesosternal sclerites brown, the latter lighter than the former; metasternum bearing 10–12 setae, without sclerite at base (Fig. 2 E); legs pale yellow, rarely brown, bearing many setae, unbanded, hind tibia undivided (Fig. 1 C–E).</p><p>Abdomen (Figs. 1 B, 1F–G). Segment I with well-developed dorsal and lateral humps (Fig. 1 B); lateral hump sclerite pale yellow anteriorly, lightly sclerotized, rounded, with anterior brush of short thin setae, posterior stem brown, bearing a single long, anterior seta; lateral line starting on segment III; the gill arrangement usually includes ventral and dorsal single filaments from abdominal segments II to VI, 2 single filaments on segments III or IV sometimes present; abdominal tergite IX trapezoidal, posterior margin bearing 6 long and 4 short setae (Fig. 1 F); last abdominal segment with moderately short setae ventrally between prolegs; lateral sclerite of anal proleg well-developed, with long setae; anal claw with 2 shorter accessory hooks on outer margin (Fig. 1 G).</p><p>Body length. 7.8 – 9.9 mm (n = 45).</p><p>Case (Fig. 1 A). Composed largely of plant fragments (smaller cases also including small sand grains), slightly tapered and straight, not much longer than larva.</p><p>Description of pupae. As pointed out by St. Clair (1991) for Australian species of Notalina, the pupal stages of Leptoceridae present few diagnostic characters, such that distinguishing among the genera in the pupal stage is difficult. Moreover, in this case the reduced number of specimens (n = 2), and their condition (pupal exuviae obtained by laboratory rearing) made it difficult to clearly establish the nature of some structures and to fully diagnose the pupal stage of N. morsei . However, the morphology of N. morsei pupae that we could observe was very similar to that described for N. bifaria by St. Clair (1991).</p><p>Head (Fig. 3 A). Labrum rounded anteriorly, with 10 prominent and 8 shorter setae; mandible prominent, basal region moderately wide, bearing 2 setae dorsolaterally, apex accuminate, slightly hooked at end; antennal bases each with 2 short setae.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum with few setae; fore and middle legs with setal rows on the posterior margins forming swimming fringes.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs. 3 B–G). Anterior hook plates on segments III to VII, moderately long, sometimes the posterior margins acuminate, IIIa–Va with 2 hooks each, VIa with 3 hooks each, posterior hookplates wide, Vp with 3 hooks each; lateral line starting on segment III near the base of the basal gill filament; gill arrangement usually includes ventral and dorsal single filaments from abdominal segments II to VI, double filaments on segment IV present on one specimen; segment IX dorsally with 4 moderately long setae on each side; anal opening on shallow rounded projection; male inferior appendage sheath long, acuminate, apex not pointed; phallic sheath trapezoidal; anal processes long, slender, slightly upturned at apex, each with subapical setae, and delicate, minute seta along its length (Fig. 3 G).</p><p>Pupal case. Same as the larval case, but distinguished by sand grains added to both ends. The sand grains extended far beyond the diameter of the case, but since all pupal cases were obtained through rearing in the laboratory, these differences may not occur under natural conditions.</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL: São Paulo: Campos do Jordão, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, afluente, Córrego Galharada, 09.xi.1999 (Froehlich, C.G.) – 1 larva, (MZSP); same except 12.ix.2000 (Froehlich, C.G.) – 1 larva and 2 cases, (MZSP); same except 01.ix.2000 (Froehlich, C.G.) – 2 larvae (MZSP); Jundiaí, Parque Florestal da Serra do Japi, Córrego Paraíso, 23º14’31’’ S, 46º55’59’’ W, 1027 m, 26.iii.2007 (Calor, A.R.; Mariano, R.L.S &amp; Lecci, L.S.) – 7 larvae (UMSP); São Carlos, Fazenda Canchim, Córrego Canchim, 22.viii.2006 (Paula, M.C. &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, S.) – 12 larvae (MZSP); same except 13.ii.2007 (Paula, M.C. &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, S.) – 14 larvae (MZSP); same except UFSCar, córrego Fazzari, 21°59’ S, 47°54’ W, 910 m, 14.vi.2007 (Calor, A.; Roque, F. O.; Lecci, L.S. &amp; Moretto, R.) – 2 larvae, 3 empty cases, 2 reared pupae, 2 reared males (MZSP); Dourado, Parque do Lago, Córregos das Furnas, 17.i.2007 (Paula, M.C. &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, S.) – 2 larvae (MZSP); same except 02.viii.2006 (Paula, M.C. &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, S.) – 1 larva (MZSP); Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Rio Marimbondo, 14.x.2000 (Eq. Entomológica) – 3 larvae (MZSP).</p><p>Biology. Larvae of this species were found in the slow flowing sections of low-order, lowland and mountain streams. Larvae have also been found in a stream flowing into a dam. Larvae were associated with detritus, macrophytes, and marginal, submerged vegetation.</p><p>Three collected cases of N. morsei from Serra do Japi were occupied by the early instars of Triplectides gracilis (Burmeister) larvae. Larvae of the genus Triplectides Kolenati generally occupy small hollowed out twig fragments or discarded cases of other caddisflies (Flint et al. 1999). They have been recorded from the cases of Parasericostoma Schmid and Grumicha Müller by Holzenthal (1988a), and from Nectopsyche Müller by Crisci-Bispo et al. (2004); here we add their use of Notalina (Neonotalina) cases.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks. As mentioned above, St. Clair (1991) described the larvae of several Australian species of Notalina (Notalina), and proposed their diagnosis by the following combination of characters: long antennae, 3–5 metanotal sclerites, undivided hind tibia, and anal proleg with secondary setae. The larva of Notalina morsei cannot be distinguished from its congeners based on these diagnostic characters, such that the diagnosis proposed by St. Clair (1991) is valid for both subenera. Notalina (Neonotalina) morsei larvae possess the secondary setation on the anal proleg synapomorphic for the tribe Hudsonemini as proposed by Holzenthal (1986b) and observed in N. ( Notalina) species by St. Clair (1991). Moreover, N. morsei possesses the 15 larval characters as described for the genus by St. Clair (1991). However, at present it is difficult to diagnosis solely the subgenus N. (Neonotalina) because it is impossible to determine which of these characters occur throughout the subgenus or which are unique to the single known species, N. morsei . Additional descriptions of the immature stages of other Neotropical Notalina will answer this question.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F519B035CA21FFB3FF2BF953FB30F80E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Calor, Adolfo R.;Froehlich, Claudio G.	Calor, Adolfo R., Froehlich, Claudio G. (2008): Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera. Zootaxa 1779: 45-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182270
F519B035CA26FFBEFF2BFB51FA68FA6D.text	F519B035CA26FFBEFF2BFB51FA68FA6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoceridae	<div><p>Key to Neotropical Leptoceridae genera (larvae)</p><p>There are 13 described genera of Leptoceridae ( Achoropsyche Holzenthal, Amazonatolica Holzenthal &amp; Pes, Amphoropsyche Holzenthal, Atanatolica Mosely, Brachysetodes Schmid, Grumichella Müller, Hudsonema Mosely, Nectopsyche Müller, Neoathripsodes Holzenthal, Notalina Mosely, Oecetis McLachlan, Triaenodes McLachlan, and Triplectides Kolenati) from the Neotropical region, but the larval stages of two monotypic genera, Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata (Navás) and Neoathripsodes anomalus Holzenthal, are still unknown and thus are not included in this key. Leptoceridae Genus A (cited and illustrated by Pes et al. 2005) is not considered in this paper. The simplified figures of the 11 known Neotropical genera, except Notalina, were modified from the original descriptions or keys to show the diagnostic characters.</p><p>1. Metanotum with 3 to 6 sclerites (Fig. 4 A).........................................................................2 ( Triplectidinae)</p><p>1’. Metanotum without sclerites (membranous) or with only small sclerotized spots (Fig. 4 B)........................ ............................................................................................................................................ 7 ( Leptocerinae)</p><p>2. Metanotum with 4 to 6 sclerites (Fig. 4 C)...................................................................................................3</p><p>2’. Metanotum with 3 sclerites (Fig. 4 A)..........................................................................................................4</p><p>3. Metanotum with 4 or 5 sclerites; pronotum with anterior edge crenulate (Fig. 4 D); hind tibia divided (Fig. 4 F); occupy small hollowed out twig fragments or discarded cases of other caddisflies ........... Triplectides</p><p>3’. Metanotum with 6 sclerites (Fig. 4 C); pronotum with anterior edge smooth; hind tibia undivided; cases built with plant fragments ............................................................................................. Hudsonema flaminii</p><p>4. Metanotum with a broad central plate and 2 small lateral sclerites (Fig. 4 A); cases long, slender, conical or tapered, and built with silk only or silk and sand grains.............................................................................5</p><p>4’. Metanotum with 2 broad anterior sclerites and a narrow, transverse, posterior sclerite (Fig. 4 E); cases not tapered, and built with plant fragments ........................................................................................... Notalina</p><p>5. Hind tibia broad, greatly expanded apicoventrally (Fig. 4 G); cases tapered, light brown, and built of silk. ............................................................................................................................... Amazonatolica hamadae</p><p>5’. Hind tibia not expanded as above................................................................................................................6</p><p>6. Anal proleg with accessory hook shorter than anal claw (Fig. 5 A); cases tapered, long, and built with light or dark silk, silk and small sand grains, or sand grains alone, usually without apparent rings .. Atanatolica</p><p>6’. Anal proleg with accessory hook and anal claw of the same length (Fig. 5 B); cases tapered, but usually not as long as above, built with light or dark silk, silk and small sand grains, or sand grains alone, usually with apparent rings ................................................................................................................... Grumichella</p><p>7. Maxillary palpi usually extended far beyond anterior edge of labrum (Fig. 5 C); tarsal claws long and slen- der (especially hind leg claws) .......................................................................................................... Oecetis</p><p>7’. Maxillary palpi not longer than other mouthparts; tarsal claws not as long and slender as above..............8</p><p>8. Fore tibia and tarsus with subapical, ventral, flattened, peg-like seta (Fig. 5 D) ................. Amphoropsyche</p><p>8’. Fore tibia and tarsus without peg-like seta..................................................................................................9</p><p>9. Hind tibia subdivided; lateral hump sclerite of abdominal segment I oval or tear-drop shaped, bearing a long seta (Fig. 5 E); cases composed of short pieces of plant material arranged in a spiral. ....... Triaenodes</p><p>9’. Hind tibia not subdivided; lateral hump sclerite of abdominal segment I not tear-drop shaped; cases composed of various materials, but not arranged in a spiral............................................................................10</p><p>10. Lateral hump sclerite of abdominal segment I with round anterior portion and narrow, posterior extension, bearing a seta (Fig. 5 F); gills present or absent; cases built of various materials; widespread Nectopsyche</p><p>10’. Lateral hump of abdominal segment I “check-marked” shaped (Fig. 5 G); gills absent; cases built of sand grains; restricted to the Chilean subregion. ........................................................................... Brachysetodes</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F519B035CA26FFBEFF2BFB51FA68FA6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Calor, Adolfo R.;Froehlich, Claudio G.	Calor, Adolfo R., Froehlich, Claudio G. (2008): Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera. Zootaxa 1779: 45-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182270
