identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F52787E95829AD5BFF65FD98FBF8FD0A.text	F52787E95829AD5BFF65FD98FBF8FD0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) lemuroides d'Orbigny 1898	<div><p>Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) lemuroides d’Orbigny, 1898</p> <p>(Fig. 1–8)</p> <p>Onthophagus lemuroides d’Orbigny 1898a: 177; 1898b: 188; 1900: 296; Olsoufiev 1900: 274; 1918: 47; Boucomont and Gillet 1927: 124; Winkler 1929: 1033; Balthasar 1963: 417; Petrovitz 1968: 465; Zunino 1975: 163; Carpaneto 1977: 34; Carpaneto et al. 2000: 231; Tauzin 2001: 42</p> <p>Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) lemuroides: Zunino 1979: 9; Löbl et al. 2006: 168; Kabakov 2006: 190</p> <p>Type locality. “ Mésopotamie, Perse” [Iraq, Iran].</p> <p>Type material. Lectotype, a male, designated by Zunino (1975), and 2 paralectotypes in MNHN (exa- mined).</p> <p>Diagnostic features. Length 4.5 to 7.5 mm. Color blackish brown, moderately shiny, with distinct isodiametric microreticulation, head and pronotum of some with cupreous or greenish lustre; elytra ochreous, usually with dark brown symmetrical v-shaped spots, some with spots joined to each other or lacking in some interstriae, some with first interstriae brown along entire length; some with entire elytral surface blackish brown, without ochreous areas, or, vice versa, the whole elytral disc yellow, spots, if present, limited to the sides (Fig. 1–5); pubescence pale yellow.</p> <p>Head with clypeus broadly round on either side of clear median emargination, can be sinuate near obviously produced genae. Clypeofrontal carina weak or absent in males, moderately elevate but distinct, bent backward in females; occipital carina extended in a lamina ending in a pair of erect horns in major males, reduced to a narrow straight lamina in females and minor males. Clypeal and frontal surface with large setigerous punctures, in males more widely spaced on frons than on clypeus; females only with frontal surface simply punctate, clypeal surface with very coarse, transversely rugose or subrugose punctures. Setae long and erected.</p> <p>Pronotum convex, declivous anteriorly, with distinct anterolateral tubercle on either side and with an anteromedian round prominence, clearly projecting further forward than the anterolateral tubercles. Anterior angles distinctly produced, sides not or very indistinctly sinuate behind them. Dorsal surface setigerously punctate, punctures broad, sub-regular in distribution, separated by 1-3 diameters on disc, becoming sparser toward base; each puncture bears a small granule at its anterior margin, and a long pale yellow seta.</p> <p>Elytral striae shiny, barely impressed, with punctures slightly larger than strial width and barely crenating interstrial sides. Interstriae flat to barely convex, sometimes the 4 th interstria more convex than the others, all, except the sutural interstria, rather regularly biserially granulate; granules slightly smaller than strial punctures; posterior margin of each granule with a small, indistinct, setigerous puncture; setae pale yellow, thin, shorter than pronotal ones.</p> <p>Pygidium with widely spaced, setigerous punctures; setae yellow, long, thin.</p> <p>Inner angle of protibial apex with a small denticle strongly curved downward in males, females lacking denticle.</p> <p>Parameres (Fig. 6–7) short, slightly sinuate along sides, latero-apical spatulae not bent ventrally, obviously diverging apically, without latero-proximal denticle, latero-apical angle round. Lamella copulatrix (Fig. 8) typical of the subgenus Palaeonthophagus, horseshoe shaped and clearly emarginate at one side, right lobe with a strongly sclerotized plica ventrally bent.</p> <p>Distribution. Turkey, Iraq, Iran (Löbl et al. 2006). Syria (Kabakov, 2006)</p> <p>Material examined. IRAN: “ Persia ”, 1 male (paralectotype, MNHN); EŞfahān prov., Zāghel, 21.v.1977, 1 male (Baraud collection, MNHN); “ Dasht-Arghan ”, 30.iv.1971, R. Naviaux leg. 1 male (Baraud collection, MNHN); Lorestān prov., Zagros Mts., Nehāvand Kosio Āb, 1860 m, 6.v.2008, T. Hácz, K. Székely and K. Vig leg. 8 males and 6 females (LNCB), and 2 males (SZCM); Lorestān prov., Bongale, 1600 m, 15.iv.1999, L. Nadai leg. 1 female (SZCM); Büyer Ahmad prov., 3 km N Sisaht, 2700 m, 10.v.1998, G. Fábián and K. Székely leg. 1 male (SZCM); Lorestān prov., 10 km SW Dorud, 1400 m, 10.v.2002, D. Gianasso leg. 1 female (SZCM); Lorestān prov., Kuh- e Oshturan, 2000 m, 22.v.2005, G. Sama leg. 1 female (SZCM); Lorestān prov., Azna, Arak, 2083 m, 22.v.2005, G. Sama leg. 1 male (SZCM). IRAQ: “ Mesopotamie ”, 1 male and 1 female (lectotype and paralectotype, MNHN). SYRIA: “ Syrie ”, 1 female (Baraud collection, MNHN). TURKEY: Niğde prov., Aladağlar, 2000 m, 26.vii.1990, C. Thomè leg. 1 female (Baraud collection, MNHN); Adıyaman prov., Nemrut Dağı, 1.v.1998, 1 male (SZCM); Malatya prov., ReŞadiye geçidi, 1510 m, 13.iv.2004, S. and R. Ziani leg. 64 males and 45 females (SZCM); Malatya prov., 10 km S Tepehan, 1200 m, S. and R. Ziani leg. 1 male and 2 females (SZCM); GümüŞhane prov., Bayburt, 2000 m, 3.vii.1992, S. and R. Ziani leg. 2 males and 4 females (SZCM); Erzurum prov., Kop Dağı geçidi– Kandilli, 2500 m, 3.vii.1992, S. and R. Ziani leg. 4 males and 3 females (SZCM); Hakkâri prov., Uludere, 16.iv.2006, S. and R. Ziani leg. 1 female (SZCM); Siirt prov., 10 km N Şırnak, 1500 m, 16.iv.2006, S. and R. Ziani leg. 1 female (SZCM).</p> <p>Remarks. The record of O. lemuroides from Syria appears doubtful. Kabakov (2006) stated to have examined two females labelled generically Syria, and “ Syrie ” is also on the label of a specimen I studied in MNHN. Most probably Syria is to be considered in its historical sense, i.e. those territories once encompassed in the Ottoman Empire, presently belonging to Turkey.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52787E95829AD5BFF65FD98FBF8FD0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ziani, Stefano	Ziani, Stefano (2012): Taxonomic notes on Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) lemuroides d’Orbigny, 1898 and O. (P.) fortigibber Reitter, 1909 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) Stefano Ziani. Insecta Mundi 2012 (217): 1-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10108377
F52787E9582FAD59FF65FD78FBA9FDCA.text	F52787E9582FAD59FF65FD78FBA9FDCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) fortigibber Reitter 1909	<div><p>Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) fortigibber Reitter, 1909</p> <p>(Fig. 9–14)</p> <p>Onthophagus tricuspis Semenov, 1900: 93 [type locality: “Caucasus centralis: Mlety” [Mleta, Georgia]; type material: holotype male, fixed by monotypy, not examined, in Russian Academy of Science, S. Petersburg, according to Balthasar 1963], not O. coenobita var. tricuspis Mulsant, 1842: 128; Olsoufiev 1900: 274; d’Orbigny 1900: 296 (as junior synonym of O. lemuroides); Reitter 1906: 729; Olsoufiev 1918: 81; Boucomont 1924: 114; Boucomont and Gillet 1927: 129; Winkler 1929: 1031; Balthasar 1963: 560; Petrovitz 1963: 238; 1968: 465; Carpaneto 1977: 40; Dzhambazishvili 1979: 145; Rössner 1991: 267; Carpaneto et al. 2000: 231; Tauzin 2001: 113</p> <p>Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) tricuspis: Baraud 1992: 384</p> <p>Onthophagus fortigibber Reitter, 1909: 79; Olsoufiev 1918: 81 (as junior synonym of Onthophagus tricuspis Semenov, 1900); Medvedev 1965: 188; Zunino 1978: 84 (as junior synonym of O. tricuspis); Rössner, 1991: 267 (as junior synonym of O. tricuspis)</p> <p>Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) fortigibber: Shokhin 2000: 6; Löbl et al. 2006: 167; Kabakov 2006: 193; Shokhin 2007: 124</p> <p>Onthophagus unxovi Bogachev, 1930: 87 [type locality: “Vezuri, prope Lesora, Ossetia meridionalis (distr. Rača)” [Racha, Georgia]; type material: lectotype male (designated by Tarasov 2005) and 7 paralectotypes, not examined, in the Zoological collection of MGU, Moscow, according to Tarasov 2005]; Balthasar 1963: 572 (as O. unzovi, incorrect subsequent spelling); Tarasov 2005: 257 (as junior synonym of O. fortigibber)</p> <p>Type locality. For O. fortigibber “Aus dem zentralen Kaukasus: Umgebung von Wladikawkas” [Vla- dikavkaz, North Ossetia-Alania, southern Russia].</p> <p>Type material. Holotype, for O fortigibber, fixed by monotypy, a male according to the author (actually a female), in HNHM (examined).</p> <p>Diagnostic features. Length 5.5 to 8.0 mm. Color blackish brown, poorly shiny due to distinct micro- reticulation; elytra blackish brown with basal reddish yellow spots on 2 nd and 4 th interstriae (holotype), some specimens with spots on base of 3 rd and 6 th /7 th interstriae, some with an additional humeral spot– 5 th interstria always without basal spot, 1 st interstria always blackish brown along entire length, in all the examined specimens, some with apical spots, more or less joined and forming a single larger one extended over 2 nd interstria to the side; some with nearly the entire elytral surface, except disc, dark yellow (Fig. 9–11); pubescence pale yellow.</p> <p>Head with clypeus broadly round on either side of shallow median emargination, barely sinuate near obviously produced genae. Clypeofrontal carina weak or absent in males, moderately elevate but distinct, bent backward in females; occipital carina distinct in both sexes, extended in an erect straight lamina, only slightly bent backward in males. Clypeal and frontal surface with large setigerous punctures, more widely spaced on frons than on clypeus in males; females only with frontal surface simply punctate, clypeal surface with very coarse, transversely rugose or sub-rugose punctures. Setae long and erect.</p> <p>Pronotum convex, declivous anteriorly, with distinct anterolateral tubercle on either side and with an anteromedian round prominence, clearly projecting further forward than the anterolateral tubercles. Anterior angles distinctly produced, sides not or very indistinctly sinuate behind them. Dorsal surface setigerously punctate, punctures broad, sub-regular in distribution, separated by 1–3 diameters on disc, gradually becoming sparser toward base; each puncture bears a small granule at its anterior margin, and a long pale yellow seta.</p> <p>Elytral striae shiny, barely impressed, with punctures slightly larger than strial width and barely crenating interstrial sides. Interstriae flat to barely convex, all, except the sutural interstria, rather regularly biserially granulate; granules slightly smaller than strial punctures; posterior margin of each granule with a small, indistinct, setigerous puncture; setae pale yellow, thin, shorter than pronotal ones.</p> <p>Pygidium with widely spaced, setigerous punctures; setae yellow, long, thin.</p> <p>Inner angle of protibial apex with a small denticle strongly curved downward in males, lacking denticle in females.</p> <p>Parameres (Fig. 12–13) short, barely sinuate along sides, latero-apical spatulae bent ventrally, not or very slightly diverging apically, without latero-proximal denticle, latero-apical angle round. Lamella copulatrix (Fig. 14) horseshoe shaped and clearly emarginate at one side, right lobe with a strongly sclerotized plica ventrally bent.</p> <p>Distribution. Georgia, Azerbaijan, South Russia, Ukraine. Turkey (Löbl et al. 2006).</p> <p>Material examined. RUSSIA: “ Sakka Tschmi ”, “ Umg. Wladikaw / kas”, 16.vii.1907, 1 female (holotype, HNHM); “ Cauc. centr. / Ossetia / Lars ”, 31.v.1913, 2 females (MNHN). TURKEY: GümüŞhane prov., Bay- burt, 2000 m, 3.vii.1992, S. and R. Ziani leg. 1 male (SZCM); GümüŞhane prov., Zigana geçidi, 2100 m, 19.vi.1992, A. Ballerio leg. 2 males and 1 female (SZCM).</p> <p>Remarks. Most probably the record of O. fortigibber from Ukraine derives from an incorrect placement of its type locality. “Wladikawkas”, presently Vladicavkaz, is a town in the Republic of North Ossetia- Alania, southern Russia, not, as stated by Zunino (1978), in the Ukraine.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52787E9582FAD59FF65FD78FBA9FDCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ziani, Stefano	Ziani, Stefano (2012): Taxonomic notes on Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) lemuroides d’Orbigny, 1898 and O. (P.) fortigibber Reitter, 1909 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) Stefano Ziani. Insecta Mundi 2012 (217): 1-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10108377
F52787E95822AD56FF65FF5BFA4BFBC9.text	F52787E95822AD56FF65FF5BFA4BFBC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onthophagus lemur (Fabricius 1781)	<div><p>Key to the species morphologically similar to Onthophagus lemur (Fabricius, 1781)</p> <p>1. Occipital carina of the head with a transverse erect lamina, sometimes ending in a pair of vertical horns in male. Pronotum declivous anteriorly in both sexes, with an anterolateral tubercle on each side and an anteromedian gibbosity; pronotal anterior angles clearly produced, sides not or indistinctly sinuate behind them; inner angle of protibial apex with a small denticle strongly curved downward in male; pubescence yellow; length from 4.0 to 8.0 mm.............. 2</p> <p>— Not all the above characters present simultaneously.. all other Palaeonthophagus Zunino</p> <p>2(1) Pronotum granulate on disc, granules sub-regular, separated from 0.5–1.0 times their diameter; major males occipital carina with a straight erect lamina, never ending in two horns; southern Europe, Middle East............................................................................... O. lemur (Fabricius)</p> <p>— Pronotum punctate on disc, punctures sometimes bearing a small granule at their anterior margin, separated from 1–2 times their diameter; major males occipital carina either with an erect lamina slightly bent backward or with a lamina ending in two vertical horns........ 3</p> <p>3(2) Occipital carina extending at base to inner edge of eyes; pronotal anterolateral tubercles turned inward; pronotal anteromedian gibbosity clearly sinuate at base; Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia.................................................................................................................... O. trigibber Reitter</p> <p>— Occipital carina clearly not extended at base from side to side of the head; pronotal anterolateral tubercles facing forward or turned slightly outward; pronotal anteromedian gibbosity slightly or not at all sinuate.................................................................................................................... 4</p> <p>4(3) Head with clypeus distinctly emarginate at middle; occipital carina in major males with an erect lamina ending in a pair of vertical horns; Turkey, Iraq, Iran..................................................................................................................................................... O. lemuroides d’Orbigny</p> <p>— Head with clypeus barely emarginate at middle; occipital carina in major males with an erect lamina never ending in a pair of vertical horns; Caucasus, northern Russia, Turkey............................................................................................................................. O. fortigibber Reitter</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52787E95822AD56FF65FF5BFA4BFBC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ziani, Stefano	Ziani, Stefano (2012): Taxonomic notes on Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) lemuroides d’Orbigny, 1898 and O. (P.) fortigibber Reitter, 1909 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) Stefano Ziani. Insecta Mundi 2012 (217): 1-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10108377
