identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FB73C54D5521FFDD8EC2F0D4FBAC9E31.text	FB73C54D5521FFDD8EC2F0D4FBAC9E31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossulinae	<div><p>SUBFAMILY COSSULINAE</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS</p> <p>New World; antenna asymmetrically bipectinate; tibial spurs asymmetrical; male genitalia lacking saccus.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>Antenna (Figs 4–8) asymmetrically bipectinate, with some variation, in which opposite pectinations of some species are clearly different in length and in other species appear nearly symmetrical; flagellum with approximately 57 flagellomeres, often with cream or brown scales. Labial palpus 3-segmented. Maxillary palpus 3-segmented.</p> <p>Thorax</p> <p>Fore leg with epiphysis inserted halfway along tibia (Fig. 10). Mid- and hind-leg with tibial spurs asymmetrical (Fig. 10). Tarsi often banded distally with cream or brown scales. Forewing (Fig. 9) with radial veins variable; R 2 sometimes forked with R 3; R 3 sometimes forked with R 4; R 4 sometimes forked with R 5. In Cossula egregia, R 2, R 3 and R 4 stalked. Forewing pattern often with a terminal patch (Fig. 11) near the wing termen, unique for each species when present; fuscous spots sometimes present in discal cell or at termen. Hindwing usually cream, or brown in colour.</p> <p>Abdomen</p> <p>All visible abdominal tergites (A2–8) in adult males and females bearing paired glandular organs on each segment (Figs 12–14). Organs appear as tubercles on the tergites, with tubercles increasing in size from the basal-most segment to the caudal-most segment. Tubercle size varies between species, with the largest tubercles approximately 0.1 mm in length. In males, A7–A8, or in females, A6–A7, often with scales lighter or darker in colour than remainder of abdomen anteriorly.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 16–18)</p> <p>Valva from straight and uniform in width to trapezoidal; somewhat oblong, broad basally, narrowing slightly and rounded terminally; sometimes enlarging terminally and upcurved. Saccular process often spiniform, with spine-like projection variable in shape and length; spines can be lenticular and flattened, short, truncate and with a blunt apex, or rather long and with an acute apex; sacculus sometimes strongly sclerotized, or produced into a spine patch. Base of costa with a basal lobe, where valva articulates with genital capsule; can be gradually to strongly ascended, weakly to very pronounced and projecting at an angle, or largely absent to reduced. Uncus simple to bifurcate, from shallowly and broadly bifid to deeply and acutely bifid; elongate and slender to broad, protruding beyond valva in some species and not protruding beyond valva in others. Dense setal patches at various areas along uncus; patches can be at base and terminus of uncus, at terminus only or sparsely located along uncus. Invagination between tergite 9 of genital capsule and uncus present to reduced or absent; often ascending dorsally and crescent to lobeshaped, or curving around base of gnathos. Gnathos with dorsum of bridge sometimes rugose or bearing heavily sclerotized ridge. Gnathos bridge variable, from globose with a prominent ridge, to elongate and tubular, or elongate and flattened or with a prominent ridge; sometimes broadly curved with arms slightly protruding beyond bridge to arms not protruding, or arms strongly protruding beyond bridge and bifurcate. Gnathos arms not recurving or strongly recurving into tergite 9. Anal tube sclerotized to mostly membranous. Membranous paired juxta processes short and mostly fused to valva, to elongate, digitiform, free from valva and membranous or sclerotized. Aedoeagus with dorsal crest present, developed and prominent, reduced in size, or absent. Coecum strongly developed and humped to reduced or nearly absent. Apex of aedoeagus, referred to here as the rostellum, digitiform and slender, acute to rounded, or beak-like and downcurved. Vesica with spines present, large and sclerotized to minute and setiform, or absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 19)</p> <p>Sternite 8 from developed, sclerotized and trapezoidal to triangular in shape with sides often slightly concave, or reduced, mostly membranous, and covered to various degrees by intersegmental membrane. Intersegmental membrane between abdominal segments 7 and 8 variable, from developed and forming two lobes on either side of ostium to developed and lobes absent; sometimes sclerotized and smooth, or rough and sculptured with cuticular folds and wrinkles; can form two large lobes, somewhat pelvic shaped and perpendicular to ductus bursae; when reduced, mostly membranous. Ductus bursae from shortened to elongate, relatively straight to curved and sinusoidal; most often membranous and with many longitudinal wrinkles; occasionally with antrum sclerotized and/or enlarged. Corpus bursae from enlarged and oblong when ductus bursae is shortened, to small and oblong or spherical when ductus bursae is elongate; signa absent.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5521FFDD8EC2F0D4FBAC9E31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5526FFDE8E86F01CFB039C9F.text	FB73C54D5526FFDE8E86F01CFB039C9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biocellata Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>BIOCELLATA GEN. NOV.</p> <p>Type species: Hemipecten alfarae Schaus, 1911 (by present designation).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male: Forewing length: 14–19 mm.</p> <p>Female: Forewing length: 17–21 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna asymmetrical, with inner serrate pecten reduced in size (Fig. 4); scales on antennal shaft mostly cream, with some pale brown; labial</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BIOCELLATA IN COSTA RICA</p> <p>1a. Posterior subterminal spot on forewing not elongate and similar to anterior subterminal spot (Figs 22, 23).....2</p> <p>1b. Posterior subterminal spot on forewing elongate, ~2¥ the length of anterior spot; male genitalia with gnathos broad and subquadrate; aedoeagus with a single row of large, sclerotized, longitudinal cornuti, approximately along the midline of vesica (Figs 20, 21, 53, 54)............................................................................. alfarae</p> <p>2a. Male genitalia with valva sinuous terminally and short, with uncus protruding beyond valva; saccular process produced into a sclerotized ridge (Figs 23, 57)............................................................. davisorum sp. nov.</p> <p>2b. Male genitalia with terminal end of valva triangular, with uncus protruding equally as far as valva or only slightly further beyond valva; saccular process with ridge formed by a series of sclerotized protuberances (Figs 22, 55)............................................................................................................................. bifida sp. nov.</p> <p>palpus cream to light brown ventrally, and mostly light to dark brown dorsally; frons cream to pale brown and often irrorated with brown; vertex same as frons.</p> <p>Thorax: Forewing typically with two sub-terminal spots, but sometimes with the posterior spot faint; many transverse striae along entire wing that most often extend across entire width of wing. R 2 of forewing always separate from R 3 or R 3+4; R 3 of forewing often separate from R 4, sometimes fused and forked; R 4 of forewing or R 3+4 always separate from R 5.</p> <p>Abdomen: From cream and light brown to brown dorsally and ventrally.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Valva small, subtrapezoidal to subquadrate and truncate, to slightly slender and elongate with terminus triangular. Saccular process produced into a heavily sclerotized region with rugosities or a ridge; base of costa with basal lobe pronounced and projecting at an angle. Uncus strongly bifurcate; often elongate and fairly broad (Figs 53, 55, 57, 89–91), protruding to beyond or the end of the valvae; setae sparsely scattered along uncus. Invagination between tergite 9 of genital capsule and uncus crescent-shaped and ascending dorsally. Gnathos wide and quadrate to slender; arms protruding beyond bridge to various degrees, protruding little and visible as small, broad lobes, to protruding much more, slightly upcurved, and appearing bifurcate; arms not recurving into tergite 9. Anal tube mostly membranous. Paired processes of juxta typically elongate, digitiform, free from valva and only lightly sclerotized, occasionally membranous and reduced. Aedoeagus with dorsal crest absent; coecum often absent, but can be present and reduced in size; rostellum with apex beak-like and downcurved; vesica with spines often absent, but when present, spines large and heavily sclerotized.</p> <p>Female genitalia: Sternite 8 broad, large and shieldlike, with a broadly curved posterior margin. Intersegmental membrane between abdominal segments 7 and 8 smooth, sclerotized, fused with segment 8 and forming two lobes projecting outward from ostium. Antrum of ductus bursae laterally compressed, sclerotized and wide; terminal half of ductus membranous; entire ductus short in length. Corpus bursae typically small and spherical to elongate (Figs 107, 129).</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘bi’ meaning ‘two’ and ‘ocellatus’ meaning ‘having little eyes’. Biocellata thus refers to the presence of the two subterminal spots on the forewing of both sexes in all of the species.</p> <p>Discussion: The forewing pattern of Biocellata easily distinguishes it from all other Cossulinae. Typically two fuscous to dark rusty-brown spots are located terminally on the wing, although one spot occasionally may be absent. Also characteristic are the presence of steely-grey to brownish-grey transverse striae.</p> <p>The male genitalia in this group are often quite divergent between species, with distinct structures frequently evolved on the aedoeagus or valvae. The sacculus is normally sclerotized with rugosities or strong ridges present, but lacks a saccular process. The valvae are usually small, but are slightly enlarged with broadly rounded apices in a few species. The uncus is consistently strongly bifid, and the aedoeagus typically possesses a characteristic rostellum with a beak-like, downcurved apex. The female genitalia are characterized by the short and flattened antrum of the ductus bursae.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5526FFDE8E86F01CFB039C9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5527FFC78E4BF0F4FDA49FE6.text	FB73C54D5527FFC78E4BF0F4FDA49FE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biocellata alfarae (Schaus 1911) Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>BIOCELLATA ALFARAE (SCHAUS, 1911) COMB. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 20, 21, 53, 54, 89, 107, 108, 135)</p> <p>Hemipecten alfarae Schaus, 1911: 629.</p> <p>Cossula alfarae (Schaus, 1911) Donahue, 1995: 126. Male (Fig. 20): Forewing length: 14.5– 19 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna with shaft and rami cream; labial palpus brown with some cream dorsally and ventrally; frons and vertex cream, irrorated with brown.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia cream, irrorated with rusty-brown; dorsum mostly cream, with prothorax and mesothorax bearing scales light cream basally and light rusty-brown apically; tegula cream and rusty-brown; metathorax bearing scales light cream basally and light gold apically; pleura light creamy brown; venter similar to pleura, sometimes with slightly more brown. Legs cream with light brown; tarsi mostly light brown irrorated with cream. Forewing cream dorsally, with light grey, rusty-brown transverse striae mostly from Sc to inner margin; some striae are only mediad; mostly cream with few striae immediately below costal margin; costal margin along medial third with short, light grey-brown, transverse striae; approximately 3–7 rusty-brown spots, sometimes slightly striated, along CuP; two rusty-brown spots subterminally, the first near apex and between R 3 and M 1, the second slightly oblong and nearer termen, between M 2 and barely traversing CuA 2; light grey along outer margin; fringe grey-brown with few cream scales; forewing mostly light brown ventrally. Hindwing mostly light brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe light brown with few cream scales.</p> <p>Abdomen: Brown to light brown dorsally; similar ventrally, with slightly more cream; A8 cream to light brown.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 53, 54, 89) – Valva broad basally, narrowing slightly and subquadrate apically; length of valva approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule, as viewed laterally; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.4¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process absent; juxta process small, mostly fused to valva; saccus subquadrate; gnathos very broad, subquadrate and slightly curved as viewed posterio-ventrally, with one short, swollen, rounded spiniform projection at each basal corner; uncus broad and rather deeply bifurcate as viewed posterio-ventrally; apex acute as viewed laterally. Aedoeagus with rostellum inwardly curved and acute as viewed laterally; vesica with row of large spiniform cornuti present longitudinally and approximately along midline; an elongate patch of flattened, scale-like spines adjacent to ductus ejaculatorius opening and extending adjacent to sclerotized margin of aedoeagus; small spines covering opposite side of vesica; rostellum with rather abruptly acute and rounded apex as viewed ventrally.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 21): Forewing length: 17–20 mm.</p> <p>Head: Similar to male.</p> <p>Thorax: Similar to male. Mesothorax and metathorax with gold scales. Fore- and hindwing a lighter brown ventrally than male, closer to a cream colour.</p> <p>Abdomen: Similar to male, but lighter brown with grey dorsally; light brown ventrally with cream.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 107, 108): Sternite 8 broad and large, forming a broadly curved posterior margin; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 mostly smooth, but with a few cuticular wrinkles; ductus bursae extremely laterally compressed, wide, and short in length; corpus bursae fairly large and circular, approximately 0.7¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: Guatemala south to Panamá.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: Tuis, August, W. Schaus, Type No. 17305, (USNM) [examined].</p> <p>Material examined: COSTA RICA: ALAJUELA: Caño Negro, R. N. V. S., 20 m: 1 ♀, 3–23.iv.1995, R. Villalobos, (INBio). Finca San Gabriel (16 km ENE Queb. Grande), 650 m: 2 ♂, 11.xi.1983, 2 ♂, 11.xi.1988, D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, slides USNM 85660, 96133, 96134, 96136, (INBio, USNM). CARTAGO: Moravia de Chirripo, 1000 m: 2 ♂, 10.v.1983, D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, (INBio). Turrialba, 600 m: 1 ♂, 20.i.1972, 1♂, 25.xii.1971, V. Becker, slide VOB 2483 (VOB). GUANACASTE: A. C. G. La Cruz, Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, 280–300 m: 1 ♂, iii.1980, D. Janzen, (INBio). A. C. G. La Cruz, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Rio Mena, 600 m: 1 ♀, 6.vii.1986, D. Janzen, (INBio). Estación Pitilla, 9 km S. de Santa Cecilia, 700 m: 1 ♀, ii.1995, 1 ♀, iv.1991, 1 ♂, 18.v.1988, 1 ♂, vii.1991, P. Rios, C. Moraga, Janzen &amp; Hallwachs, slide USNM 85634 (INBio, USNM). R. San Lorenzo, R. F. Cordillera Guanacaste, Tenorio, 1050 m: 1 ♂, v.1991, C. Alvarado, (INBio). HEREDIA: Estación Magsasay, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 200 m: 1 ♂, iv.1991, 1 ♂, v.1991, A. Fernandez, R. Aguilar, (INBio). Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, La Selva Biological Station, 40 m: 1 ♂, vii.1986, M. M. Chavarria, (INBio); La Selva Biological Station, 1 ♂, 21.ii.2002, 1♂, 1.iii.2003, D. L. Wagner, (DLW). 10 km SE La Virgen, 450–550 m: 1 ♂, 21.ii.2003, transect 05/LM/00/05, (INBio). 11 km ESE La Virgen, Estación Cantarrana, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, trap 03/L/00/050, 250–350 m: 3 ♂, 2 ♀, 10.iv.2004, D. R. Davis, (USNM); @ light sheet: 1 ♂, 7.iv.2004, 1 ♂, 12.iv.2004, D. R. Davis, (USNM). LIMON: Estación Cuatro Esquinas, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, 0 m: 1 ♂, vii.1990, E. Quesada, (INBio). Sector Cerro Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas, 150 m: 1 ♀, 1 ♂, viii.1991, 10–30.ix.1992, E. Rojas, (INBio). PUNTARENAS: 2.8 miles E of Golfito, 1 ♂, 3–4.vii.1967, Flint &amp; Ortiz, (USNM). Estación Altamira, Buenos Aires: 1 ♂, 15.ix.–14.x.1993, R. Delgado, (INBio). Estación Quebrada Bonita, Reserva Biológica Carara, 50 m: 1 ♀, 12.iii.1994, J. Corrales, 1 ♀, iv.1989, 2 ♂, xi.1989, R. Zuñiga, (INBio). Estación Sirena, Parque Nacional Corcovado, 0–100 m: 1 ♂, iv.1990, 1 ♀, v.1991, 1 ♀, xi.1990, C. Saborio, G. Fonseca, slide USNM 85638 (INBio, USNM). Osa, 50 m: 1 ♂, 20.x.2000, V. Becker, (VOB). Golfito, Parque Nacional Piedras Blancas, Estación El Bonito, 100 m: 1 ♂, 17–21.viii.2001, M. Moraga, (INBio). Golfito, Parque Nacional Piedras Blancas, Sitio El Mirador, 500 m: 1 ♂, 13–17.vii.1999, 1 ♂, 28–31.x.2000, 1 ♂, 25.xi.2000, M. Moraga, (INBio). Parque Nacional Corcovado, Boca de Quebrada Hedionda, 2 m: 1 ♀, 30–31.iii.2003, M. Moraga &amp; K. Caballero, (INBio). Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sector La Leona, Cerro Puma, 100–300 m: 1 ♀, 27.vi–1.vii.2003, M. Moraga, (INBio). Parque Nacional Piedras Blancas, Sector Riyito, 100 m: 1 ♂, 6–10.ix.2002, H. Mendez, (INBio). Rancho Quemado, Peninsula de Osa, 200 m: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, xi.1991, 1 ♂, xii.1990, F. Quesada, slide USNM 85661 (INBio, USNM). Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce, Proyecto Zamia, Playa Cacao, 130 m: 1 ♂, 13–17.vii.1999, 1 ♂, 8–12.x.1999, M. Moraga, (INBio). Sirena, Corcovado National Park, Osa Península: 1 ♀, 1.v.1984, D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, (INBio). SAN JOSÉ: Estación Bijagual, Reserva Biológica Carara, 500 m: 1 ♂, i.1990, R. Zuniga, (INBio). Estación Santa Elena, 1210 m: 1 ♂, 4–9.vi.1997, E. Alfaro, (INBio). GUA- TEMALA: Cayuga: 1 ♂, viii., Schaus &amp; Barnes, (USNM). PANAMA: Lino, 800 m: 2 ♂, Fassl, slide USNM 85610, (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown. Flight period: Adults have been collected in every month of the year.</p> <p>Discussion: This species differs from all other members of Biocellata in possessing the longest posterior subterminal spot on the forewing (Fig. 20, 21). The male genitalia of alfarae is also distinct within Biocellata by having a very broad, subquadrate gnathos bridge, a usually broader uncus, and an aedoeagus with a single row of large, sclerotized cornuti, longitudinally arranged along the approximate midline of the vesica (Fig. 54).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5527FFC78E4BF0F4FDA49FE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D553EFFC68C4FF01CFBC79D56.text	FB73C54D553EFFC68C4FF01CFBC79D56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biocellata bifida Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>BIOCELLATA BIFIDA SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 22, 55, 56, 90, 136)</p> <p>Male (Fig. 22): Forewing length: 15–17 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna with shaft and rami creamy white; labial palpus brown dorsally, creamy white with some light brown ventrally; frons creamy white; vertex creamy white, irrorated with brownish grey.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia creamy white, heavily irrorated with brownish grey; dorsum and tegula with scales creamy white and creamy white basally, greyish brown apically; pleura cream; venter mostly brown with some cream. Legs with femur and tibia cream, irrorated with brown; fore tarsi cream, light brown, and brown; mid and hind tarsi brown, banded creamy brown distally on each tarsomere. Forewing creamy white with numerous grey transverse striae throughout wing dorsally; the two most distinct and largest of these striae located basally and medially along wing; subcostal region creamy white and mostly lacking striae; numerous short, transverse, grey and dark brown striae along costal margin; two dark brown to fuscous spots subterminally; fringe banded light creamy gold and brownish grey; forewing mostly light brown ventrally with some cream; numerous short, transverse, dark brown striae along costal margin. Hindwing creamy white dorsally; some creamy light brown along apical margin; fringe can be slightly banded grey and creamy white, but mostly creamy white; hindwing mostly creamy white ventrally.</p> <p>Abdomen: Mostly cream and creamy white dorsally; cream and brown ventrally; A8 cream with slight light brown.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 55, 56, 90): Valva subtrapezoidal, approximately 0.9¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.5¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process absent, with sacculus heavily sclerotized and bearing flattened rugosities; juxta process small and slender; bridge of gnathos strongly bifurcate, with extending arms slightly upcurved and apex of each arm acute; each arm with a serrate ridge ventrally; uncus shallowly bifurcate, with apices acute. Aedoeagus with sclerotized plate formed mediad, where juxta attaches; rostellum long and slender, inwardly curving, with apex acuminate as viewed laterally; a patch of triangular spines on one side, along margin where vesica emerges from aedoeagus; rostellum becoming slightly more narrow than aedoeagus as viewed ventrally, with apex rounded.</p> <p>Female: Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from Heredia and Limon Provinces, Costa Rica.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D553EFFC68C4FF01CFBC79D56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5531FFCD8EEAF32BFDDD9C15.text	FB73C54D5531FFCD8EEAF32BFDDD9C15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biocellata davisorum Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>BIOCELLATA DAVISORUM SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 23, 57, 58, 91, 137)</p> <p>Male (Fig. 23): Forewing length: 17–18 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna with shaft and rami cream; labial palpus dark brown dorsally, cream ventrally; frons and vertex cream, irrorated with dark brown.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia a mix of creamy white and dark brown scales; tegula cream, irrorated with greyish brown; dorsum of prothorax and mesothorax with dark rusty-brown patch; metathorax cream, finely irrorated with light greyish brown; pleura cream, finely irrorated with greyish brown; venter brown and cream. Legs with femur and tibia cream irrorated with brown; tarsi mostly brown, banded white distally on each tarsomere. Forewing cream tolight brown dorsally, with approximately six brownish grey, transverse striae along basal threequarters of wing, running from inner to costal margin. These striae are nearly always present, with one or more diverging. Smaller brownish grey striae are dispersed throughout wing; short, transverse, dark brown striae along costal margin; two large, dark rusty-brown spots subterminally; another two dark rusty-brown spots near posterior margin of forewing, between 1A+2A and CuP, with one spot approximately adjacent to the subterminal spots and the other at half the length of wing; fringe banded greyish brown and creamy brown; forewing mostly brown ventrally, with some cream along termen; dark brown, short, transverse striae along costal margin. Hindwing mostly brown dorsally and ventrally, with some cream along termen; fringe banded brown and light cream.</p> <p>Abdomen: Brown with some grey dorsally; mostly brown ventrally with some cream on each segment; A8 creamy light brown.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 57, 58, 91): Valva short, approximately 0.6¥ length of genital capsule, with a rounded lobe at upper terminal area, as viewed laterally; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.5¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process forming a heavily sclerotized ridge; juxta process lightly sclerotized, elongate and slightly upcurved; gnathos bifurcate, with two prongs upcurved; uncus somewhat broad and acutely bifurcate. Aedoeagus tapering gradually to acute apex as viewed laterally; rostellum outwardly curved at base and incurved at apical region; three to five small spines on outwardly curved portion of rostellum; aedoeagus gradually tapering to acute and slightly rounded apex as viewed ventrally.</p> <p>REVISION OF THE COSSULINAE OF COSTA RICA 249</p> <p>Female: Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution: Known from Costa Rica and Colombia.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; COLOMBIA: VALLE: Junction Old Buenaventura Rd. Rio Dagua, 50 m: 8.ii.1989, J. B. Sullivan, slide USNM 85124 (USNM).</p> <p>Paratypes: COLOMBIA: VALLE: C. C. Hq. Bajo Calima, 300 ft: 1 ♂, 2.i.1988, J. B. Sullivan, (USNM). COSTA RICA: CARTAGO: Turrialba, Parque Nacional Barbilla, Estación Barbilla, 500 m: 1 ♂, 20–25.v.2001, L. Chavarria, (INBio). HEREDIA: 1 ♂, El Ceibo, 10 km. SE La Virgen, 450–550m: 11.iv.2003, Secondary Forest, trap 05/L/00/056, INBio-OET-ALAS, D. R. &amp; M. M. Davis, slide USNM 85616 (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: January to April.</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘-orum’ meaning the plural declension genitive. Biocellata davisorum is dedicated to my mother and father, Mignon and Don Davis.</p> <p>Discussion: This species most closely resembles B. bistellata, a species known only from Brazil. The wing pattern of davisorum differs from bistellata in possessing thicker transverse striae in the forewing, two rusty-brown spots between 1A+2A and CuP, and the darkest hindwings in the genus.</p> <p>The male genitalia of davisorum most closely resembles that of bistellata in possessing a ridge on the valva formed by the saccular process and the upcurved arms of the gnathos (Figs 57, 91). The two species differ in the broader uncus, more angular valva and more curved, concave saccular process in bistellata. Biocellata davisorum also has the arms of the gnathos closer together and more parallel than those in bistellata.</p> <p>Biocellata bifida, which also occurs in Costa Rica, can be confused with davisorum, but differs from the latter by the presence of smaller subterminal spots on the forewing and sclerotized swellings along the sacculus of the male (Figs 22, 55).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5531FFCD8EEAF32BFDDD9C15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5534FFCC8C36F047FC079F18.text	FB73C54D5534FFCC8C36F047FC079F18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinulata Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>SPINULATA GEN. NOV.</p> <p>Type species: Hemipecten acutipennis Schaus (1905) (by present designation).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male: Forewing length: 14–21 mm.</p> <p>Female: Forewing length: 17–21 mm. Head: Antenna with inner serrate rami reduced in size; scales on antennal shaft cream to light brown; labial palpus cream to light brown ventrally, and light brown to brown dorsally; frons cream to brown, often cream and irrorated with rusty-brown; vertex cream to rusty-brown.</p> <p>Thorax: Forewing often with fuscous spots at discal cell or along median of wing, and also often with obliquely transverse striae along entire wing or distal half of wing. R 2 of forewing most often fused and forked with R 3, sometimes separate; R 3 or R 2+3 of forewing always separate from R 4, never fused; R 4 of forewing most often separate from R 5, sometimes fused and forked.</p> <p>Abdomen: Cream to rusty-brown dorsally; mostly cream to pale brown ventrally, but sometimes rusty-brown.</p> <p>ering. Invagination between tergite 9 of genital capsule and uncus curving around base of gnathos. Gnathos with dorsum of bridge rugose; bridge broadly curved and arched as viewed posterioventrally; arms slightly protruding beyond bridge and mostly not recurving into tergite 9. Anal tube mostly membranous. Juxta process short, truncate and mostly fused to valva. Aedoeagus with dorsal hump present, but reduced in size; coecum reduced to nearly absent; rostellum digitiform and slender, with apex acute and rounded; vesica often covered with minute, setae-like spines.</p> <p>Female genitalia: Sternite 8 variable, sometimes developed, sclerotized and triangular, with sides slightly concave, or sometimes reduced, mostly membranous, and covered by cuticular wrinkles of intersegmental membrane. Intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 often sclerotized and sculptured with many cuticular pits, wrinkles and folds. Ductus bursae slightly shortened to somewhat elongate. Corpus bursae reduced in size and oblong.</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘spinula’ meaning ‘thorn’. Spinulata refers to a patch of spines present terminally on the saccular process in the valvae of the male genitalia.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Valva subtrapezoidal; saccular process a variably shaped spine patch, from triangular to an elongate, curving area of spines that stretch from the sacculus towards the costal area; base of costa with basal lobe strongly ascended dorsally, very pronounced and projecting at an angle. Uncus simple, often elongate, slender, and protruding beyond valvae, with a sparse setal cov- Discussion: Spinulata is proposed for four Costa Rican species that share two synapomorphies in the male genitalia. These are the broadly curved gnathos bridge, which is rugose in texture (character 23), and the development of a terminal spine patch on the saccular process of the valva (character 20). Superficially, Spinulata appears most allied to Simplicivalva, which differs in the almost complete absence of a saccular process.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5534FFCC8C36F047FC079F18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5535FFF18E00F35DFD899873.text	FB73C54D5535FFF18E00F35DFD899873.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinulata acutipennis (Schaus 1905) Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>SPINULATA ACUTIPENNIS (SCHAUS, 1905)</p> <p>COMB. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 24, 25, 59, 60, 92, 109, 110, 137)</p> <p>Hemipecten acutipennis Schaus, 1905: 340. Hemipectrona vinnea Schaus, 1921: 391.</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SPINULATA IN COSTA RICA</p> <p>1a. Hindwing dark brown; fringe lighter................................................................................................... 2</p> <p>1b. Hing wing creamy white to light tan; fringe similar to hindwing............................................................. 3</p> <p>2a. Forewing with transverse row of medial spots absent (Figs 26, 27).................................................... manes</p> <p>2b. Forewing with transverse row of medial spots present, and a series of brown spots between medial row and base of wing (Fig. 28)..................................................................................................... oblongata sp. nov.</p> <p>3a. Forewing with numerous bands of narrow, transverse striae parallel to termen (Figs 29, 30).................................................................................................................................................. quasivinnea sp. nov.</p> <p>3b. Forewing with few bands of wide, obliquely transverse striae, almost convergent at apex (Figs 24, 25).................................................................................................................................................... acutipennis</p> <p>Cossula vinnea (Schaus, 1921). Donahue, 1995: 126. [syn. nov.]</p> <p>Cossula acutipennis (Schaus, 1905). Donahue, 1995: 126.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 24): Forewing length: 14–21 mm</p> <p>Head: Antenna cream; labial palpus cream, irrorated with light brown ventrally, mostly brown dorsally; frons mostly cream to cream irrorated with brown; vertex cream, irrorated with rusty-brown.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same colour as vertex; dorsum and tegula mostly cream to cream, irrorated with rustybrown; pleura cream; venter cream to cream and brown; legs same as venter, with tarsi mostly brown, irrorated with cream. Forewing mostly cream with some light brown; costal margin greyish brown to brown, with some brown striae; a large dark rustybrown spot in discal cell, with two smaller, dark rusty-brown spots falling in a line immediately below discal spot; a series of lateral greyish brown striae along termen; fringe creamy light brown; forewing cream to cream and light brown ventrally; costal margin rusty-brown with some striae; rusty-brown discal spot present, with brown, obliquely transverse striae along termen. Hindwing cream to creamy light brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe with same colour variation as hindwing.</p> <p>Abdomen: All cream dorsally and ventrally, intermixed with light brown and rusty-brown dorsally and lighter in colour ventrally.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 59, 60, 92): Valva subtrapezoidal, approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule. Saccular process a triangular patch of blunt spines ending along basal margin of valva; juxta process truncate and mostly fused to valva; gnathos arms long; gnathos bridge minutely rugose and broadly curved as viewed posterio-ventrally, with degree of curvature variable; bridge trilobed to varying degrees as viewed dorsally; uncus elongate and digitiform, with acute apex. Aedoeagus strongly curved, tapering to a slender, acute apex as viewed laterally; apex rounded as viewed ventrally; coecum strongly swollen dorsally.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 25): Forewing length: 18–18.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: Similar to male.</p> <p>Thorax: Similar to male. Hindwing creamy greybrown dorsally and ventrally.</p> <p>Abdomen: Creamy grey-brown dorsally, mostly cream ventrally.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 109, 110): Sternite 8 well developed and triangular, with sides slightly concave; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 developed, sclerotized, sculptured with numerous cuticular pits, ridges and wrinkles; small sclerotized ridge immediately above ostium; ductus bursae short, curved and with many longitudinal cuticular wrinkles; corpus bursae somewhat small and oblong, approximately 0.6¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: Guatemala and Costa Rica, south through northern South America to Brazil.</p> <p>Types: ♂ (holotype, vinnea), FRENCH GUIANA: St. Laurent du Maroni, Schaus, type No. 9014, (USNM) [examined]. ♂ (holotype, acutipennis), GUATEMALA: Cayuga, May, Schaus &amp; Barnes, type No. 23449, (USNM) [examined].</p> <p>Material examined: BOLIVIA: Río Songo, 750 m: 1 ♂, Fassl, slide USNM 85733, (USNM). Provincia del Sara, 450 m: 1 ♀, J.Steinbach (CM). BRAZIL: MATTO GROSSO: Campo Bello, Río Zikán: 2 ♂, slide USNM 85603, (USNM); Chapada dos Guimaraes: 3 ♂, 25.v.1989, V. Becker, slide USNM 85682 (VOB, USNM). SANTA CATHARINA: 1 ♂, Fritz Hoffmann, slide USNM 85734, (USNM). ESPIRITU SANTO: Linhares, 40 m: 1 ♂, 25–30.i.1998, V. Becker, slide USNM 85736 (USNM). SAO PAULO: Cotia, Morro Grande, 900 m: 1 ♂, 16–17.i.2001, V. Becker, (VOB). RONDONIA: Vilhena, 600 m: 1 ♂, 2–4.xii.1992, V. Becker, slide USNM 85735, (USNM). PARA: Belem, 20 m: 1 ♀, i.1984, V. Becker, (VOB). COLOMBIA: VALLE: C. C. Hq., Bajo Calima, 300 ft: 3 ♂, 11.i.1985, J. B. Sullivan, slides USNM 85611, 85684, (USNM). COSTA RICA: GUANACASTE: Los Almendros, P. N. Guanacaste, 300 m: 1 ♂, 3–25.x.1993, E. Lopez, (INBio); Casa Oeste, Cerro El Hacha, 12 km SE La Cruz, 300 m: 1 ♂, x.1987, A. Chacon, slide USNM 85790, (INBio); Santa Rosa National Park, 300 m: 1 ♂, xii.1983, D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, slide USNM 85674, (USNM). FRENCH GUIANA: St. Jean du Maroni: 2 ♂, W. Schaus, Le Moult, slide USNM 85651, (USNM). St. Laurent du Maroni: 2 ♂, Dognin, slide 96029, 1 ♀, July, Le Moult, slide USNM 85098, (USNM). GUATEMALA: Chajel: 1 ♀, August, Schaus &amp; Barnes, (USNM); Quirigua: 2 ♂, iii, 2 ♂, iv, 2 ♂, v, Schaus &amp; Barnes, slides USNM 85618, 85741, 96109, 96110, 96139, SRD 004 (USNM). Sayache Petem: 1 ♂, 12.vii.1972, V. Becker, slide USNM 85683, (VOB). GUYANA: Bartica: 1 ♂, 2.iii.1913, R. S. Parish, 1 ♂, 29.iii.1913, Parrish, (CM). Mazaruni- Potaro District, Takutu Mountains: 1 ♀, 13.xii.1983, 1 ♂, 16.xii.1983, EARTHWATCH Research Expedition, W. E. Steiner &amp; P. J. Spangler, slides USNM 85122, 85671, (USNM). PERU: Yurimaguas, R. Huallaga: 1 ♂, 6.vi.1920 (CM). VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: 10 km S. of km 88, at Piedra de Virgen, 1 ♂, 20 March 1982, G. F. &amp; J. F. Hevel, slide USNM 85673, (USNM). 1 ♀, Itatiaya (Rio), (CM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: Adults have been collected throughout the year over the broad range of this species.</p> <p>Discussion: The species group consisting of vinnea, acutipennis and quasivinnea has been difficult to resolve. Although the holotypes of vinnea and acutipennis appear superficially distinct, examination of the large series available indicates their synonymy by revealing an essentially complete, intermediate range of variability in wing pattern and genital morphology. Spinulata quasivinnea differs from acutipennis in possessing distinct transverse striae over the forewing.</p> <p>Two other South American species closely resemble acutipennis: Spinulata julius from Brazil and an undescribed species that occurs in eastern South America, through Ecuador, Peru and parts of Brazil. Spinulata julius is the largest in size of the three and possesses a light rusty-brown discal spot on the forewing, compared with the dark brown to fuscous spots present in the other two species. The undescribed species from eastern South America differs from acutipennis in having the three medial spots fused into one enlarged, elongate spot.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5535FFF18E00F35DFD899873	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5508FFF08DA1F49CFDAA9BE8.text	FB73C54D5508FFF08DA1F49CFDAA9BE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinulata manes (Druce 1898) Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>SPINULATA MANES (DRUCE, 1898) COMB. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 26, 27, 61, 62, 93, 111, 112, 138)</p> <p>Arbela manes Druce, 1898: 450</p> <p>Cossula manes Druce, 1898. Donahue (1995: 126)</p> <p>Male (Fig. 26): Forewing length: 19 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus light brown ventrally, dark brown dorsally; frons cream irrorated with brown; vertex light rusty-brown.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same colour as vertex; dorsum of prothorax and tegula same colour as patagia and becoming cream, irrorated with light brown towards metathorax; pleura cream irrorated with light brown; venter brown irrorated with cream and light brown. Legs cream mesally, and dark brown laterally; tarsi same as femur and tibia. Forewing light brown dorsally, with brown and light rusty-brown striae alternating along entire wing length; costal margin with numerous short fuscous striae; fringe banded light brown and cream. Forewing mostly brown ventrally, with faint brown striae and short fuscous striae along costal margin. Hindwing brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe whitish cream.</p> <p>Abdomen: Rusty-brown dorsally; pale rusty-brown ventrally.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 61, 62, 93): Valva subtrapezoidal, approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule, with sides and edges rounded; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule. Saccular process with an elongate patch of spines. Juxta process flattened and mostly fused to valva. Gnathos almost semicircular in shape, with lateral sides slightly upcurved. Uncus elongate and digitiform, with acute apex. Aedoeagus strongly curved, tapering to a slender, acute apex as viewed laterally; apex rounded as viewed ventrally.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 27): Forewing length: 21 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna same as male; labial palpus light brown ventrally, dark brown dorsally; frons and vertex light rusty-brown.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same as vertex; tegula light rustybrown; dorsum cream, interspersed with light brown; pleura and venter creamy light brown. Legs creamy light brown mesally and dark brown laterally; tarsi same as femur and tibia. Forewing with similar dorsal and ventral pattern as male, but with striae on costal margin not as dark and overall wing hue lighter; fringe mostly cream with some light brown. Hindwing light brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe creamy white.</p> <p>Abdomen: Light golden brown dorsally and ventrally, with a darker brown patch on A2–3 dorsally.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 111, 112): Sternite 8 reduced and mainly membranous, mostly covered by intersegmental membrane; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 with sclerotized cuticular wrinkles and folds above ostium, and forming an elongate and flattened tube along basal quarter of ductus bursae near ostium; ductus bursae slightly elongated and sclerotized along terminal quarter of length near ostium; corpus bursae small and spherical, approximately 0.5¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: Central and north-western South America, from Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia.</p> <p>Holotype: PANAMA: Chiriqui, (Staudinger Collection at Humboldt Museum, Berlin, Germany) [not examined].</p> <p>Material examined: COLOMBIA: Valle: Anchicaya Valley: 1 ♂, 650 m, 2.ii.1989, J. Bolling Sullivan, slide USNM 85730 (USNM). COSTA RICA: CARTAGO: Grano de Oro, Chirripo, 1120 m: 1 ♀, 4.x.1992, J. F. Corrales, (INBio). PUNTARENAS: Rancho Quemado, Península de Osa, 200 m: 1 ♂, xii.1992, F. Quesada, (INBio). SAN JOSÉ: Estación Bijagual, 500 m, Res. Biol. Carara: 1 ♀, xii.1989, R. Zuniga, slide USNM 85657 (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: October to December in Costa Rica; February in Colombia.</p> <p>Discussion: Spinulata manes is similar to other members of Spinulata in the presence of transverse striae on the forewing, but differs in the absence of distinct forewing spots.</p> <p>Comments: Although the holotype was not examined in this study, species identification was made based on descriptions and illustrations, both original and from Dyar &amp; Schaus (1937, in Seitz).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5508FFF08DA1F49CFDAA9BE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5509FFF08D9BF41CFC509C73.text	FB73C54D5509FFF08D9BF41CFC509C73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinulata oblongata Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>SPINULATA OBLONGATA SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 28, 63, 64, 94, 138)</p> <p>Male (Fig. 28): Forewing length: 17 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna pale brown; labial palpi cream ventrally, brown dorsally; frons cream; vertex with scales cream basally and rusty-brown apically.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same colour as vertex. Dorsum and tegula same as patagia except scales brown to rustybrown apically; metathorax brown; pleura creamy white; venter creamy white, lightly irrorated with brown, with a small brown patch directly behind head. Legs with femur and tibia cream mesally and cream irrorated with brown laterally; tarsi brown, irrorated with cream. Forewing greyish brown dorsally; one large, dark rusty-brown spot immediately before middle, and several smaller spots of same colour dispersed around larger spot; several striae traversing distal half of wing, alternating between a darker and lighter brown; basal two-thirds of costal margin with short fuscous striae; fringe brown to cream; forewing brown ventrally with faint brown, transverse striae; cream to pale brown apically. Hindwing brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe mostly cream with some pale brown.</p> <p>Abdomen: Rusty-brown dorsally; pale brown and cream ventrally; A8 cream.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 63, 64, 94): Valva rounded at apex; length of valva approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.5¥ length of genital capsule. Saccular process with an oblong patch of spines. Juxta process elongate. Gnathos broadly curved. Uncus elongate and digitiform, with acute apex. Aedoeagus slightly curved, tapering to an acute rostellum as viewed laterally; apex subacute as viewed ventrally.</p> <p>Female: Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the provinces of Puntarenas and Guanacaste, Costa Rica, and Pichincha, Ecuador.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: GUANACASTE: Sector Las Pailas, 4.5 km SW del Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, 800 m, 23.vii.–6.viii.1995, K. Taylor, slide USNM 85637 (INBio).</p> <p>Paratypes: COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Sendero El Ripario 3 km NE del Progreso, 1300 m: 1 ♂, 7–9.v.1997, A. P. Luz, slide USNM 85784, (USNM). ECUADOR: PICHINCHA: Tinalandia, 700 m, 1 ♂, 19.v.1985, C. V. Covell Jr., slide USNM 85726 (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: May and August.</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘oblongus’ meaning ‘longer than broad’. Spinulata oblongata refers to the elongate, oblong shape of the spine patch on the valvae in the male genitalia.</p> <p>Discussion: This species can be differentiated from other members of the maruga species group by characters of the male genitalia and wing pattern. The hindwing of this species is entirely medium to dark brown in colour, in contrast to other members in this complex, which have cream or light brown hindwings, or in a few specimens, shaded partially with cream and partially with light brown. This species also posesses a greater number of dark brown spots on the forewing than any other species in the complex. The arrangement of spots in oblongata also differs in possessing a greater number of spots in the longitudinal row nearest the inner margin than in maruga.</p> <p>The male genitalia exhibit several characters that distinguish oblongata from other members of the maruga species group. Most notable is the shape of the spine patch protruding from the sacculus on the male valvae (Fig. 63). This patch is oblong and nearly a figure of eight in shape, with the middle of the patch slightly constricted. The saccular processes of the maruga group differ in being larger, usually with many acute angles that are often elongate. The lateral margins of the spine patch are more angular in oblongata.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5509FFF08D9BF41CFC509C73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5509FFF28EE9F091FEF49B20.text	FB73C54D5509FFF28EE9F091FEF49B20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinulata quasivinnea Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>SPINULATA QUASIVINNEA SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 29, 30, 65, 66, 95, 113, 114, 139)</p> <p>Male (Fig. 29): Forewing length: 16–17 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna cream; labial palpi cream ventrally, mostly brown dorsally; frons mostly cream; vertex cream, irrorated with light rusty-brown.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same as vertex; dorsum and tegula mostly cream, irrorated with light rusty-brown; metathorax slightly more rusty-brown; pleura and venter cream; legs same as venter, with tarsi cream, irrorated with brown mesally and mostly brown laterally. Forewing mostly cream; costal margin with short greyish brown striae; a large dark redish brown spot in discal cell, with two smaller subequal dark redish brown spots falling in a line below discal spot, with third spot more faint than second; numerous dark and light rusty-brown transverse striae along entire wing, parallel to termen; fringe light creamy golden brown; forewing cream and light brown ventrally; costal margin with light rusty-brown striae; rusty-brown discal spot present, with rusty-brown transverse striae mostly along terminal half of wing. Hindwing cream dorsally and ventrally; fringe light golden cream.</p> <p>Abdomen: Cream dorsally, with A1–A2 light rustybrown; cream ventrally.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 65, 66, 95): Valva subtrapezoidal; length of valva approximately 0.9¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule. Saccular process a triangular patch of blunt spines ending along basal margin of valva; juxta process truncate and mostly fused to valva; gnathos arms long; gnathos bridge textured with minute rugosities and broadly curved as viewed posterio-ventrally; bridge trilobed as viewed dorsally; uncus elongate and digitiform, truncated terminally, with acute apex. Aedoeagus broadly curved, tapering to a slender, acute apex as viewed laterally; apex rounded as viewed ventrally; coecum strongly humped.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 30): Forewing length: 17–21 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antennae cream; labial palpus cream, irrorated with brown ventrally, mostly brown dorsally; frons cream, irrorated with brown; vertex mostly rustybrown, irrorated with cream.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same as vertex; dorsum and tegula cream and light rusty-brown; pleura, venter and legs similar to male, except cream areas mixed more with light brown. Forewing similar to male, except slightly more brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe similar to male. Hindwing cream and brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe similar to male.</p> <p>Abdomen: Cream and light brown dorsally, with A1–A2 more rusty-brown; mostly cream ventrally, with some light brown.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 113, 114): Sternite 8 developed and triangular, with sides slightly concave; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 developed, sclerotized and sculptured with many cuticular pits, wrinkles and folds; ductus bursae short, curved and with many longitudinal cuticular wrinkles; corpus bursae somewhat small and oblong, approximately 0.6¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: Puntarenas, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂, COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Golfito, Parque Nacional Piedras Blancas, Estación El Bonito, el Tanque, 100 m, ii.2002, Trampa de Luz, M. Moraga, (INBio).</p> <p>Paratypes: COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Bosque Esquinas, Península Osa, 200 m: 1 ♂, iii.1994, M. Segura, slide USNM 85643 (USNM); Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, Sirena: 1 ♂, v.1984, D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, slide USNM 96042 (USNM); Estación San Miguel, Sendero Mirador, 120 m: 1 ♂, 3.x.–2.xi.1997, trampa de luz, F. Alvarado, slide USNM 96039 (USNM); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sector La Leona, Cerro Puma, 100–300 m: 2 ♀, 23–27.ix.2003, K. Caballero, (INBio); Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, Quepos, 80 m: 2 ♀, ii.1993, slide USNM 85644, 1 ♀, viii.1992, 1 ♀, xii.1993, slide USNM 96028, G. Varela, 1 ♂, vi.1991, R. Zuniga, (INBio, USNM); Parque Nacional Piedras Blancas, Golfito, Estación El Bonito, 100 m: 1 ♀, 16–17.iv.2002, M. Moraga, (INBio).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: Adults have been collected in nearly every month of the year.</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘quasi’ meaning ‘appearing as if’ or ‘simulating’. Spinulata quasivinnea refers to its strong similarity to the previously named species S. vinnea, synonymized here with S. acutipennis.</p> <p>Discussion: In genital morphology, this species is very similar to another Costa Rican species, S. acutipennis. It differs in possessing distinctly dark and light brown transverse striae over the entire forewing (Figs 29, 30). In acutipennis the forewing has a mottled pattern rather than striated, caused by either the fusion or the disappearance of many of the striae. The female genitalia, although somewhat similar, show specific differences, especially in the ostium. S. quasivinnea lacks the sclerotized projection (Figs 113, 114) caudal to the ostium, which is present in acutipennis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5509FFF28EE9F091FEF49B20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D550BFFF28C4DF756FBF09FFA.text	FB73C54D550BFFF28C4DF756FBF09FFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Simplicivalva Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>SIMPLICIVALVA GEN. NOV.</p> <p>Type species: Arbela philobia Druce (1898) (by present designation).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male: Forewing length: 13–20 mm.</p> <p>Female: Forewing length: 14–21 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna with inner serrate rami reduced in size; scales on antennal shaft mostly cream, with some pale brown; labial palpus cream to light brown ventrally, and mostly light to dark brown dorsally, sometimes nearly fuscous; frons creamy white, cream and pale brown to dark brown and grey-brown, and often irrorated with brown or fuscous; vertex same as frons.</p> <p>Thorax: Forewing often with a terminal patch or patterned area, such as spots, at distal area adjacent to termen. Wing venation slightly variable; R 2 of forewing most often fused and forked with R 3, sometimes separate; R 3 or R 2+3 of forewing always separate from R 4; R 4 of forewing always separate from R 5.</p> <p>Abdomen: Typically cream to light brown dorsally and ventrally; occasionally light to dark brown or greyish dark brown.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Valva oblong and rounded terminally, with terminal end slightly upcurved, and occasionally shortened and truncate; saccular process often reduced to a small sclerotized ridge, but can be spiniform, with spine-like projection variable in size, length and number of spines; spines are usually small and curved, and arise near the base of the valva, slightly above the sacculus; valva area between sacculus and costa sometimes with modifications, such as small spines; base of costa with basal lobe variable, most often reduced and not pronounced; occasionally pronounced and projecting at an angle or pronounced but flattened and not projecting at an angle. Uncus variable, mostly simple, but sometimes shallowly bifid; elongate and fairly slender, often protruding beyond valvae, although not always; setae sparsely located along uncus. Invagination between tergite 9 of genital capsule and uncus most often curving around base of gnathos. Gnathos bridge mostly elongate, slender, and with a ridge along the midline, but sometimes flattened and without a ridge; arms fairly long and slender, typically not protruding beyond bridge, but can be bilobed, and not recurving into tergite 9. Anal tube mostly membranous, but can be lightly sclerotized. Juxta process variable, typically short, mostly fused to valva, and membranous, although can be elongate and free from valva; aedoeagus with dorsal crest variable, normally present, reduced in size, but can be absent or developed and prominent; coecum mostly developed and curved upward; rostellum digitiform and slender, with apex acute or subacute and rounded; vesica with spines sometimes absent, and when present, spines minute and setiform.</p> <p>Female genitalia: Sternite 8 developed and triangular, with sides slightly concave. Intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 developed, often partially covering sternite 8 and forming a hood from which ostium opens underneath. Ductus bursae variable, from elongate to short. Corpus bursae variable, from large and oblong when ductus is shortened, to small, oblong and ovoid when ductus is elongate.</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘simplex’ meaning ‘simplicity’. Simplicivalva refers to the simple form of the valvae in the male genitalia, in which the saccular process is reduced to a weak ridge or is completely absent.</p> <p>Discussion: Because the wing patterns within Simplicivalva appear so variable, the male genitalia offer the best diagnoses for the genus. In particular, the valvae are characteristic in being relatively large and oblong with upturned apices; the sacculus usually lacks a process but may possess other modifications such as a sclerotized ridge, a basal spine, or a basal patch of spines; the gnathos is usually long and slender, with a prominent ridge along the midline and an apical lobe which occasionally is bilobed. From the few females available for examination, it appears that the female genitalia exhibit no significant characters for generic diagnosis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D550BFFF28C4DF756FBF09FFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D550BFFF58E05F3E1FB2F997A.text	FB73C54D550BFFF58E05F3E1FB2F997A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Simplicivalva ampliophilobia Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>SIMPLICIVALVA AMPLIOPHILOBIA SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 31, 67, 68, 96, 139)</p> <p>Male (Fig. 31): Forewing length: 18.5– 20 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antennae cream; labial palpi fuscous dorsally, cream and light brown ventrally; frons cream, irrorated with fuscous and black; vertex same as frons.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia fuscous to black, irrorated with white; tegula and dorsum cream, irrorated with fuscous and black; dorsum with a rectangular fuscous-black patch along midline; pleura cream, with white irrorated with fuscous-black along base of forewing; venter mostly cream; a dark brown to fuscous patch below labial palps, ventrally. Fore and mid legs with femur and tibia cream, irrorated with brown; hind legs with femur and tibia cream; tarsi brown, banded with cream distally on each tarsomere. Forewing cream dorsally, with a few steely-grey striae interspersed throughout wing; costal margin cream and brown banded; three large steely-grey spots immediately before half length of wing, the first in middle of discal cell, the second between CuP and 1A+2A, and the third at inner margin, below 1A+2A; terminal third of wing cream, interspersed with rusty orange; immediately before termen, a large steelygrey patch, and before this patch, two large fuscous spots; fringe steely-grey and cream; forewing different shades of brown and light brown ventrally, interspersed with cream; costal margin cream and brown banded; all spots visible dorsally are also present ventrally, but fainter in appearance. Hindwing intermixed with brown and cream dorsally; hindwing mostly cream ventrally, mixed with brown, and light brown patches along termen at vein endings; fringe mostly cream, slightly banded steel-grey.</p> <p>Abdomen: Cream and light brown dorsally, with A1–A2 slightly darker brown; cream and light brown ventrally.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 67, 68, 96): Valva oblong and rounded terminally, with terminal end slightly upcurved; length of valva approximately equal to length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule; sacculus with a protruding ridge that is somewhat fattened, but nothing more than a ridge; juxta process short, flat and wide; gnathos arms elongate and slender, broadly curving as viewed laterally; gnathos bridge elongate and narrow as viewed posterio-ventrally, blunt and lobed terminally; uncus elongate and narrow, becoming bulbous terminally, with apex truncate and very shallowly bifurcate. Aedoeagus becoming slightly wider towards rostellum, as viewed laterally; rostellum elongate and bluntly rounded teminally; vesica with a dense covering of minute, setiform spines.</p> <p>Female: Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from provinces of Puntarenas and San Jose, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: SAN JOSÉ: Estación Zurqui (El Tunel), Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 1500 m: 9–11.vi.1986, A. Chacón (INBio).</p> <p>Paratype: COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Finca Cafrosa, Estación Las Mellizas, Parque Nacional Amistad, 1300 m: 1 ♂, vi.–vii.1990, J. C. Saborio, slide USNM 85636 (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: June and July.</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘amplius’ meaning ‘larger’. Simplicivalva ampliophilobia refers to the larger size of this species as compared with the very similar, smaller species S. philobia.</p> <p>Discussion: This species most closely resembles two species not known to occur in Costa Rica, S. eberti and S. philobia from Brazil. Simplicivalva ampliophilobia differs from both species by being larger in size and possessing two large, nearly contiguous, fuscous spots near the termen of the forewing. In both S. eberti and S. philobia these spots are fused.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D550BFFF58E05F3E1FB2F997A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D550CFFF48E86F560FAB89B88.text	FB73C54D550CFFF48E86F560FAB89B88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magulacra Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>MAGULACRA GEN. NOV.</p> <p>Type species: Hemipecten niveogrisea Schaus, 1905 (by present designation).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male: Forewing length: 8–20 mm.</p> <p>Female: Forewing length: 17–18 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna with inner serrate rami reduced in size; scales on antennal shaft cream to light brown; labial palpus cream to light brown ventrally, and light brown to dark or rusty-brown dorsally; frons creamy white to pale brown or dark brown; vertex same as frons.</p> <p>Thorax: Forewing with terminal patch at distal area adjacent to termen. Wing venation variable; R 2 of forewing most often fused and forked with R 3, sometimes separate; R 3 or R 2+3 of forewing most often separate from R 4, sometimes fused and forked with R 5; R 4 or R 3+4 of forewing most often separate from R 5.</p> <p>Abdomen: Cream and light brown to rusty pale-brown and dark or rusty-brown dorsally; cream and light brown to dark brown ventrally.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Valva small, with a blunt, truncate apical region; saccular process spiniform, with spiniform projection variable in size and length; spines can be rather small with acute simple or trifid apices, or can be somewhat large and project from the sacculus like horns; base of costa with basal lobe most often absent, or if present, then reduced and weakly pronounced. Uncus mostly shallowly bifid, elongate and fairly slender, protruding beyond valvae as a result of their shortened length; setal patches mostly restricted to terminus of uncus. Invagination between tergite 9 of genital capsule and uncus most often reduced or absent, but in one undescribed species it is lobe-shaped and curving around base of gnathos. Gnathos bridge mostly elongate, slender and flattened; arms long and slender, not protruding beyond bridge, and recurving into tergite 9. Anal tube mostly sclerotized. Juxta process variable, from elongate, digitiform, and free from valva to short and mostly fused to valva; processes mostly membranous, but can be lightly sclerotized. Aedoeagus with dorsal crest normally present, reduced in size, but can be absent; coecum reduced to nearly absent; rostellum digitiform and slender, with apex acute and rounded; vesica with spines absent, but when present, spines minute and setiform.</p> <p>Female genitalia: Sternite 8 developed, sclerotized and triangular, with sides slightly concave. Intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 developed, lightly sclerotized, sculptured with cuticular wrinkles and folds, and forming two loosely compressed lobes on either side of the ostium. Ductus bursae rather elongate and straight, and nearly uniform in width along entire length. Corpus bursae small and spherical.</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the latin word ‘magulum’ meaning ‘jaw’. Magulacra refers to the gnathos, and with the suffix ‘-cra’, meaning ‘thin’, refers to the slender form of the gnathos.</p> <p>Discussion: Most species within Magulacra can be recognized by the presence of a simple, unmarked terminal patch on the forewing, in contrast to the characteristic terminal patch of Cossula, which contains a distinct pattern composed of thick, curved lines. However, one species of Magulacra, M. notodontoides, possesses a faded terminal patch that is relatively indistinct from the rest of the forewing. Also, M. cleptes and M. albimacula have a very distinct terminal patch similar to that present in Cossula. The forewings of most species within Magulacra generally possess little pattern and instead exhibit a relatively uniform colour. The exceptions here are three undescribed species whose forewings are marked with dark spots and transverse striae.</p> <p>Magulacra is characterized by several specializations of the male genitalia. The most significant synapomorphy is the reduced to nearly absent sclerotized fold on the tegumen (Fig. 97). In all other cossuline genera, this flap is well developed. The male valvae are characteristically reduced in length in Magulacra, not reaching the apex of the uncus. The arms of the gnathos are weak, very slender and elongate, and typically form a long, slender bridge when fused, which is typically flattened and divergent (from the uncus). The arms also are recurved into the genital capsule more so than in all other cossuline genera, where they often protrude beyond the tegumen.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D550CFFF48E86F560FAB89B88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D550DFFF68E3BF7FEFE9D9EEF.text	FB73C54D550DFFF68E3BF7FEFE9D9EEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magulacra niveogrisea (Schaus 1905) Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>MAGULACRA NIVEOGRISEA (SCHAUS, 1905)</p> <p>COMB. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 32, 33, 69, 70, 97, 115, 116, 139)</p> <p>Hemipecten niveogrisea Schaus, 1905: 341.</p> <p>Cossula niveogrisea Schaus, 1905, Donahue (1995: 126).</p> <p>Male (Fig. 32): Forewing length: 8–20 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus brown dorsally, creamy white with some brown ventrally; frons creamy white, slightly irrorated with brown; vertex same as frons.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia creamy white with some scales brown apically; dorsum and tegula creamy white; pleura creamy white, interspersed with some brown; venter creamy white and brown. Fore and hind leg with femur and tibia creamy white mesally and mostly brown, irrorated with cream laterally; mid leg with femur mostly brown, irrorated with cream and tibia creamy white mesally and laterally; tarsi mostly creamy white. Forewing dark brown dorsally, with small creamy white spots interspersed throughout wing and along costal margin; base with small patch of creamy white; terminal patch cream to light brown, with small patches of dark brown protruding into the cream area at specific locations; fringe banded creamy white and dark brown; forewing brown ventrally, with creamy white interspersed throughout wing, more so than in dorsal view; creamy white patch at base of discal cell, and creamy white spots along costal margin; terminal patch as in dorsal view. Hindwing variable, from brown dorsally and ventrally, with creamy white along inner margin and termen, to creamy white dorsally and ventrally, with brown along terminal margin; fringe cream to light brown.</p> <p>Abdomen: Mostly brown to light brown, interspersed creamy white and light grey dorsally; mostly cream ventrally, with brown to light brown scales along midline; dark brown patch along A2–3; A7–8 cream.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 69, 70, 97): Valva rather short, with a blunt apical region; length of valva approximately 0.5¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process forming a single, somewhat long, narrow spine that protrudes from distal base of valva as viewed laterally; juxta process slightly elongate and mostly fused to membrane of valva; gnathos elongate apically, with apex blunt to rounded; uncus shallowly bifurcate. Aedoeagus with rostellum elongate, slender and incurved, and with rounded apex as viewed laterally; gradually tapering to a slender rostellum with apex rounded as viewed ventrally; vesica with a sparse covering of minute, setiform spines.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 33): Forewing length: 17 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna with shaft creamy white dorsally; rami dark grey; labial palpus dark grey, almost fuscous dorsally, and creamy white ventrally; frons and vertex creamy white.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia creamy white with some dark grey scales; dorsum and tegula creamy white, slightly irrorated with dark grey; pleura creamy white with some dark grey scales; venter creamy white and dark grey. Fore leg with femur and tibia dark grey with creamy white, and tarsi dark grey, banded with creamy white distally on tarsomeres; mid and hind leg with femur and tibia creamy white, irrorated with dark grey, and tibia light gold distally; tarsi mostly creamy white. Forewing mostly grey and light brown dorsally, with a creamy white patch basally; small creamy white patches immediately before mid length, along CuP, and immediately after mid length, along bases of R; several small creamy white spots along costal margin; terminal patch similar to male, except cream area is creamy white with five to seven faint, light brown, parallel bands running from proximal region of terminal patch to wing apex; fringe slightly banded light gold and greyish brown; forewing greyish brown ventrally, with creamy white interspersed throughout entire wing; creamy white and greyish brown banded along costal region; terminal patch similar to dorsal view, but with a more creamy white colour and light gold bands absent. Hindwing greyish brown and creamy white dorsally; brown and cream banded along outer margin; hindwing similar ventrally as in dorsal view, but with slightly more cream; fringe brown and cream banded.</p> <p>Abdomen: Not examined (specimens dissected previous to the present study).</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 115, 116): Sternite 8 small and triangular; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 with cuticular wrinkles and forming two loosely compressed lobes on either side of the ostium; ductus bursae long and nearly uniform in width along entire length; corpus bursae small and spherical, approximately 0.5¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: The species probably occurs throughout Central and South America from Mexico to Brazil.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; FRENCH GUIANA: St. Laurent, Maroni, W. Schaus (USNM) [examined].</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL: ALAGOAS: Ibateguara, 400 m: 5♂, 10–20.iii.1994, V. Becker (VOB). AMAZO- NAS: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, AM-010: 1 ♂, 14.xii.1993, R. W. Hutchings &amp; J. B. Sullivan, (USNM). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Planaltina, 1000 m: 1 ♂, 15.iv.1994, 1 ♂, 24.ii.1976, V. Becker, slides USNM 85705, 96112, 96113, 96137, SRD 002 (VOB, USNM). MATO GROSSO: Rio Brilhante: 7 ♂, 25.i.1971, V. Becker, slide USNM 85706 (VOB, USNM). MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Corumba, 180 m: 2 ♂, 23–25.iv.1985, V. Becker, slides USNM 96053, VOB 2477, 2478 (VOB, USNM). Corumba, 600 m: 2 ♂, 20–22.iv.1985, V. Becker (VOB). RONDONIA: Cacaulandia, 140 m: 1 ♂, xi.1994, V. Becker, (VOB). PARA: Maraba: 1♂, 9.i.1977, V. Becker, slide USNM 85703 (USNM). COSTA RICA: GUANACASTE: Avangarez: 2 ♂, Schaus (USNM). Bagaces, Parque Nacional Palo Verde, Sector Palo Verde, Sendero Mapache, 0–50 m: 2 ♂, 29.vi.–3.vii.2000, H. Mendez (INBio). Estación Maritza, Lado oeste del Volcán Orosi, 600 m: 1 ♀, vii.1990, slide USNM 96043 (INBio). Finca Jenny, 31 km N Liberia, 300 m: 1 ♂, viii.1988, GNP Biodiversity Survey (INBio). La Mariksa, Hacienda Orosi, 550 m: 1 ♂, 25.v.1986, W. Hallwachs &amp; D. H. Janzen (INBio). Santa Rosa National Park, 300 m: 1 ♂, vii.1984, D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, slide USNM 85659 (USNM). HEREDIA: La Selva Biological Station, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, 40 m: 1 ♂, vi.1987, M. M. Chavarria, slide USNM 85642 (USNM). LIMON: Cerro Tortuguero, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, 0–120 m: 1 ♂, i.1993, slide USNM 85641, 1♂, xii.1992, R. Delgado (INBio, USNM). PUNTARENAS: Estación Quebrada Bonita, Reserva Biológica Carara, 50 m: 2 ♂, vi.1992, J. C. Saborio, slide USNM 96032 (INBio, USNM). R. Priv. Karen Mogensen, Sendero Cima, 300–400 m: 1 ♂, 26.vi.–9.vii.2003, D. Briceno (INBio). MEXICO: CHIAPAS: 1 ♂, C. Hoffmann (USNM). PARAGUAY: NUEVA ASUNCIÓN: Nueva Asunción: 1 ♀, 23–25.iii.1986, M. Pogue &amp; M. Solis (USNM). VENEZUELA: CARABOBO: San Esteban Valley, Las Guiguas: 1 ♂, xi.– iii.1910, Dognin, 3 ♂, S. M. Klages (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown. Flight period: Over its broad range, adults of this species have been collected in nearly every month.</p> <p>Discussion: This species is superficially very similar to two species that do not occur in Costa Rica (M. nigripennata Dognin from Brazil and Panama, and an undescribed species from Guyana). The forewing pattern of niveogrisea characteristically possesses a few, small, brown scale patches that protrude into the cream-coloured area of the terminal patch, as well as 5–7 tiny creamy white spots present only in this species and located midway along the wing immediately below the subcostal vein (Fig. 32). The hindwing in niveogrisea is usually whitish cream, but can range from light brown to cream. In nigripennata and the undescribed Guyanese species, the cream area of the terminal patch is uninterrupted by any protruding patches of brown, and the hindwings are typically brown.</p> <p>The male genitalia of niveogrisea are characterized by a long, slender gnathos, which is only slightly bilobed terminally, a smaller and more narrow saccular process on the valva, shorter juxta process and smaller, more sparsely arranged spines on the vesica of the aedoeagus. In nigripennata the gnathos is more strongly bilobed, the saccular process is broader, the juxta process is longer and the vesica is densely covered with slightly larger spines.</p> <p>Of these three species, the female is known only for niveogrisea. However, considering how relatively conserved the female genital morphology is in Cossulinae, it is unlikely that knowledge of the other two females would provide any significant information on these relationships.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D550DFFF68E3BF7FEFE9D9EEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D550FFFF98C59F30BFC6B98DA.text	FB73C54D550FFFF98C59F30BFC6B98DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossula Bailey 1882	<div><p>COSSULA BAILEY, 1882</p> <p>Cossula Bailey, 1882: 93, type species: Cymatophora magnifica Strecker, 1876; Barnes &amp; McDunnough, 1911; Donahue, 1995: 126.</p> <p>Costria Schaus, 1892: 327, type species: Costria abnoba Schaus, 1892; Dyar &amp; Schaus, 1937: 1270; Donahue, 1995: 126.</p> <p>Allostylus Hering, 1923: 12, type species: Cossula coerulescens Schaus, 1911. [syn. nov.]</p> <p>Dimorphoctena Clench (1957: 900), type species: Dimorphoctena egregia Clench, 1957. [syn. nov.]</p> <p>Type species: Cymatophora magnifica (Strecker, 1876; Barnes &amp; McDunnough, 1911).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male: Forewing length: 16–33 mm.</p> <p>Female: Forewing length: 20–33 mm. Head: Antenna with inner serrate rami reduced in size in some species and developed in others, almost to a point where the antenna appears symmetrical; scales on antennal shaft from cream and light brown to dark brown and fuscous; labial palpus normally cream to light or dark brown ventrally, and light brown to dark or rusty-brown dorsally; one species with labial palpus crimson; frons ranging from cream and light brown to dark or rusty-brown and fuscous; vertex same as frons; one species with frons and vertex crimson.</p> <p>Thorax: Forewing with terminal patch at distal area adjacent to termen. Wing venation highly variable; R 2 of forewing most often fused and forked with R 3, sometimes separate; R 3 or R 2+3 of forewing most often separate from R 4, sometimes fused and forked; R 4 or R 3+4 of forewing most often separate from R 5.</p> <p>Abdomen: From pale brown to dark or rusty-brown dorsally; cream and pale brown to dark or rustybrown ventrally.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Valva somewhat oblong, broad basally, narrowing slightly and rounded apically; saccular process often spiniform, with projection variable in shape and length; spines can be lenticular and flattened, short, truncate and with a blunt apex, or rather long and with an acute apex; base of costa with basal lobe gradually to strongly ascended dorsally, weakly to very pronounced, and projecting at an angle. Uncus bifurcate, mostly very shallowly and broadly bifid; often elongate and fairly slender, protruding beyond valvae in some species; dense setal patches at base and terminus of uncus. Invagination between tergite 9 of genital capsule and uncus crescent-shaped and ascending dorsally to lobeshaped and curving around base of gnathos. Gnathos with dorsum of bridge often bearing heavily sclerotized ridges; bridge variable, often globose, with a prominent ridge, and sometimes elongate and tubular; arms not protruding beyond bridge and mostly not recurving into tergite 9. Anal tube mostly membranous. Juxta process elongate, digitiform and free from valva; processes mostly membranous, but can be lightly sclerotized. Aedoeagus with dorsal crest developed and prominent to reduced in size or absent; coecum reduced to nearly absent; rostellum digitiform and slender, with apex acute and rounded; vesica with spines often absent, but when present, spines large and heavily sclerotized.</p> <p>Female genitalia: Sternite 8 variable, from developed and sclerotized to reduced and mostly membranous; when developed, triangular in shape and with sides slightly concave; when reduced, intersegmental membrane often enlarged. Intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 variable, but most often developed and forming two lobes on either side of ostium; most often sclerotized and smooth, but sometimes rough and sculptured with cuticular pits and wrinkles; when reduced, mostly membranous. Ductus bursae variable, from shortened to elongate, most often membranous, but occasionally with parts sclerotized and enlarged. Corpus bursae variable, from enlarged and oblong when ductus bursae is shortened to small and oblong or spherical when ductus bursae is elongate.</p> <p>Discussion: Barnes &amp; McDunnough (1911) synonomized Cymatophora magnifica Strecker, 1876 with Cossula magnifica Bailey, 1882, and designated magnifica Strecker as the type species.</p> <p>The cryptic forewing pattern possessed by most species of Cossula probably provides protection from potential predators when the moths rest on various substrates such as tree trunks. This pattern consists of dark transverse striae that usually extend over the entire wing. All members have a terminal patch (Fig. 11) distally on the forewing, which displays a characteristic pattern for every species in the genus. Although a terminal patch also occurs in Magulacra and Simplicivalva, the patch pattern is distinctly different for Cossula (Figs 34–49, 51, 52). The adults of Cossula are among the largest of all Cossulinae, with many museum specimens typically becoming greasy soon after being collected.</p> <p>Although the usually distinctive wing patterns exhibit relatively little variation within the species of Cossula, wing venation can be quite variable, especially within the radial system. The male and female genitalia are also quite variable between species. The male gnathos displays the greatest variation, which may vary from a globular structure with many strong ridges present dorsally, to being globular but lacking the dorsal ridges entirely, or more elongate and tubular. The uncus can be variable, but it is always bifurcate, varying in the degree of bifurcation. The saccular process on the male valvae is always spiniform, differing only in the length and shape of the spine. Within Cossula, and because of many of these differences, it appears that this genus could be divided further based on genitalic characters. For instance, there are a few characters that define three distinct species groups within Cossula (see Phylogenetics below) such as the shape and structure of the gnathos, the lateral appearance of the gnathos, the invagination between tergite 9 and the uncus, and the basal lobe at the base of the costa on the valvae. Some of these characters are quite homoplasious, however, and the differences could not be distinctly mapped onto the phylogeny.</p> <p>The terminal forewing patch, particularly the pattern displayed within the patch, constitutes the most diagnostic external characteristic for Cossula. Many species of Cossula possess spots within the patch or a thick curved band that joins the wing termen. Because some species of Magulacra and Simplicivalva possess similar wing patterns as well as terminal patch patterns, examination of the male genitalia may be necessary to determine the generic placement of those species. The males of Cossula are characterized by their large, rounded valvae, elongate and digitate juxta processes, and shallow, often broadly bifid uncus apex. The uncus and gnathos are typically closely associated, with the gnathos arms short and extending parallel to the uncus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D550FFFF98C59F30BFC6B98DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5500FFFA8ED9F500FDD39AC3.text	FB73C54D5500FFFA8ED9F500FDD39AC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossula arpi (SCHAUS 1901)	<div><p>COSSULA ARPI (SCHAUS, 1901)</p> <p>(FIGS 34, 35, 71, 72, 98, 117, 118, 140)</p> <p>Costria arpi Schaus, 1901: 47.</p> <p>Cossula nigripuncta Dognin, 1916: 29. Dyar &amp; Schaus, 1937: 1270 (synonym of arpi Schaus). Cossula arpi (Schaus, 1901). Donahue, 1995: 126.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 34): Forewing length: 22–32 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus fuscous to rusty-brown dorsally, and brown to light brown ventrally; frons ranging from light cream with areas of light brown to dark brown and rusty-brown; vertex same as frons.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia ranging from cream to rusty-brown to fuscous; dorsum and tegula mostly white to cream, irrorated with black and brown, although sometimes irrorated with grey to light brown; pleura mostly light brown, intermixed with areas of darker brown to cream; venter same as pleura, except with brown to fuscous patch on prothorax. Legs with femur and tibia creamy white to brown, irrorated with dark brown and fuscous; tarsi creamy white to brown, irrorated with fuscous; first tarsomere usually fuscous. Forewing greyish light brown with fuscous striae interspersed throughout wing dorsally, but mostly concentrated along inner and costal margins; whitish cream patches interspersed throughout wing; a quadrate fuscous spot located at proximal quarter of wing, between anal vein and CuP; another more transverse fuscous patch located in middle of discal cell immediately above and slightly off-centred from quadrate spot; terminal patch of forewing with no distinct pattern, fuscous on proximal half and turning light brown to golden tan on distal half; variable</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF COSSULA IN COSTA RICA</p> <p>1a. Forewing with terminal patch brown with darker brown edge and markings..............................................2</p> <p>1b. Forewing with terminal patch yellow or crimson with dark brown edge and markings (Fig. 11).....................4</p> <p>2a. Male genitalia with saccular process produced into a large and elongate spine, independent from valvae; approximately as long or longer than juxta process (Fig. 73)............................................. buspina sp. nov.</p> <p>2b. Male genitalia with saccular process produced into an elongate lenticular projection or blunt spine, mostly fused to valvae........................................................................................................................................3</p> <p>3a. Male genitalia with uncus elongate and slender, with apex only slightly bifid and appearing simple; uncus and gnathos closely associated and downcurved; gnathos elongate and slender, bridge approximately same length as uncus (Figs 81, 103)................................................................................................ duplexata sp. nov.</p> <p>3b. Male genitalia with uncus broad and apex broadly bifid or bilobed; uncus and gnathos parallel and straight; gnathos broad and curved as viewed posterio-ventrally, and bridge approximately half length of uncus as viewed laterally (Figs 79, 102)............................................................................................................... duplex</p> <p>4a. Adult male with labial palpus, pleura of thorax, terminal patch of forewing, and A8 crimson; hindwings with a purplish blue-green iridescence; male genitalia with saccular process lenticular (Figs 37, 75).......... coerulescens</p> <p>4b. Adult male brown to greyish brown; male genitalia with saccular process spiniform....................................5</p> <p>5a. Male genitalia with gnathos bridge bearing heavily sclerotized ridges; spine of saccular process acute (Fig. 16)..................................................................................................................................................... 6</p> <p>5b. Male genitalia with gnathos bridge relatively smooth and with ridges reduced to absent; spine of saccular process blunt............................................................................................................................................. 7</p> <p>6a. Male genitalia with width of spine of saccular process same or greater than width of juxta process; uncus with apex acute and slender; aedoeagus with rostellum formed into a large, round lobe as viewed laterally; gnathos with apex straight as viewed posterio-ventrally (Figs 83, 84)............................................................... gaudeator</p> <p>6b. Male genitalia with width of spine of saccular process less than width of juxta process; uncus with apex broad; aedoeagus with rostellum digitiform and slender as viewed laterally; gnathos with apex convex as viewed posterio-ventrally (Figs 71, 72)....................................................................................................... arpi</p> <p>7a. Male genitalia with vesica of aedoeagus with dense, piliform spines; aedoeagus at least 4¥ wider than width of rostellum (Figs 85, 87)...................................................................................................................... 8</p> <p>7b. Male genitalia with vesica of aedoeagus smooth and without piliform spines; aedoeagus approximately same width as rostellum; sacculus sclerotized and with approximately 6–25 setal protuberances; saccular process a subacute, spiniform projection (Fig. 77)................................................................................................. cossuloides</p> <p>8a. Male genitalia with uncus and gnathos converging at apex; aedoeagus with rostellum short and straight; vesica with a small membranous lobe on right side as viewed dorsally (Figs 87, 88).................. minutiloba sp. nov.</p> <p>8b. Male genitalia with uncus and gnathos not converging, but rather parallel; aedoeagus with rostellum elongate and inwardly curved; vesica with a large membranous lobe on right side as viewed dorsally (Figs 85, 86).................................................................................................................................... longirostrum sp. nov.</p> <p>patches that range between brownish, rusty-red to grey and dull brown between middle of wing and terminal patch; fringe banded light to dark brown and whitish cream. Forewing mostly dark brown ventrally, although can be light brown; costal margin with numerous short, transverse, fuscous striae, although in lighter coloured specimens, striae may be brown to dark brown. Hindwing light golden brown to brown; fringe same as forewing.</p> <p>Abdomen: Variable, often with scattered whitish cream, brown and fuscous scales dorsally and ventrally, sometimes scattered pale brown, cream and dark brown scales dorsally and ventrally; A7–8 usually lighter in colour, mostly light brown to whitish cream.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 71, 72, 98): Apex of valva rounded; length of valva approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.3¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process a single spine at about midway of valva. Juxta process elongate and digitiform. Gnathos with heavily sclerotized ridges along apical half. Uncus with apex bifurcate. Aedoeagus slightly curved, tapering to rounded lobe at apex, as viewed laterally, and acuminate, as viewed ventrally.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 35): Forewing length: 26–30 mm.</p> <p>Head: Similar to male, except frons and vertex normally whitish cream, irrorated with brown and sometimes fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia, dorsum and tegula similar to male.</p> <p>Abdomen: Similar to male, with variations in lighter and darker colours.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 117, 118): Sternite 8 well developed and triangular, with sides slightly concave; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 smooth, forming two elongate lobes on either side of ostium, and forming a distinct, thin, sclerotized ring around the ductus bursae; ductus bursae extremely shortened, nearly absent; corpus bursae large, well developed and elongate, approximately 0.9¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: From Guatemala south to Ecuador and southern Brazil.</p> <p>Holotype: ♀ (holotype arpi), BRAZIL: Rio Janeiro, W. Schaus, Type No. 18573 (USNM) [examined]. ♂ (holotype, nigripuncta), COLUMBIA: Pacho, Ost- Cordillera, 2200 m, Coll. Fassl, Type No. 29870 (USNM), slide USNM 96022 [examined].</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL: Amazones, Ponte Nova, Rio Xinju: 1 ♂, Dognin (USNM). BAHIA: Barra Grande, 2 m: 1 ♂, 5–10.i.1999, V. Becker (VOB). ESPIRITU SANTO: Linhares, 40 m: 1 ♂, 25–30.i.1998, 6 ♂, 20–29.ii.1992, 1 ♀, 16–18.ix.1991, slide USNM 85749, V. Becker (VOB, USNM). GOIAS: Formosa, 800 m, 1 ♂, 28.iii.1993, V. Becker, slide USNM 85748 (USNM). MATO GROSSO: Rio Brilhante: 1 ♂, 25.i.1971, V. Becker (VOB). PARÁ: Belem, 20 m: 1 ♀, i.1984, V. Becker (VOB). MATTO GROSSO DO SUL: Corumba, 180 m: 3♂, 23–25.iv.1985, V. Becker, slide VOB 2492 (VOB). MINAS GERAIS: Sete Lagoas, 720 m: 2 ♂, 15.iii.1974, V. Becker, slide VOB 2497 (VOB). PIAUI: Oeiras, 200 m, 1 ♂, 12.iv.1994, V. Becker, slides USNM 85747, 85746 (USNM). RIO DE JANEIRO: 1 ♂ (Topotype), 29.x.1910, J. Arp (USNM). SANTA CATHARINA: 2 ♂, F. Hoffmann (USNM). Joinville, Brazil, 1 ♂, March 14, 1890, at light, C. V. Covell Jr. (USNM). SAO PAULO: Sao Paulo: 2 ♂, A. A. Barbiellini (USNM).). Ubatuba, Picinguaba, 2–20 m: 1 ♂, 13–14.xii.2001, V. Becker (VOB). COLOMBIA: Medina, Ost., 500 m: 1 ♂ (Paralectotype), Fassl (USNM); Pacho, Ost.-Cordilla, 2200 m: 1 ♂ (Paralectotype), Fassl (USNM). COSTA RICA: Cairo: 1 ♂ (USNM). CARTAGO: Tuis: 1 ♂, 28.v.– 4.vi., 1 ♂, [no date], W. Schaus (USNM). Turrialba, 600 m: 1 ♂, 10.iv.1973, 1 ♂, 25.iv.1973, 1 ♂, 15.vii.1971, 1 ♂, 5.viii.1972, 1 ♀, 10.ix.1971, 1 ♂, 20.ix.1973, 1 ♀, 20.x.1971, 1 ♀, 3.xii.1972, V. Becker, slides USNM 85721, 85745, 96089 (VOB, USNM). Turrialba, P. N. Barbilla, Est. Barbilla, 500 m: 1 ♂, 20–25.v.2001, L. Chavarria (INBio). HEREDIA: La Selva Biol. Sta., Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, 40 m: 1 ♂, ii.1986, M. M. Chavarria (INBio). LIMON: Estación Hitoy-Cerere, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, 100m: 1 ♂, vii.1991, G. Carballo, slide USNM 96037 (USNM). Hitoy Cerere, Biological Research Station, Sendero Bob- ocara, 640 m: 1 ♂, 14.vii.1999, R. Barton (INBio). Hitoy Cerere, 100 m: 1 ♂, 30.viii.2000, V. Becker (VOB). Manzanillo, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, 0–100 m: 1 ♀, 6–27.i.1993, F. A. Quesada, 1 ♂, 9.ix.– 13.x.1992, K. Taylor, slide USNM 96088 (USNM). Sixola River: 1 ♂, March, W. Schaus (USNM). Talamanca, Refugio de Vida Silvestre Manzanillo- Gandoca, 10 m: 1 ♀, vii.2000, L. Chavarria, slide USNM 85646 (USNM). PUNTARENAS: Albergue Cerro de Oro, 150 m: 1 ♂, 30.viii.1995, L. Angulo (INBio). Buenos Aires, 200 m: 1 ♂, 23.xi.1973, V. Becker, slide VOB 2495 (VOB). Estación Quebrada Bonita, Reserva Biológica Carara, 50 m: 1 ♀, ix.1989, R. Zuniga (INBio). Golfito, Parque Nacional Piedras Blancas, Estación El Bonito, 100 m: 1 ♂, 17–25.iv.2001, 1 ♂, 27–31.viii.2000, M. Moraga, slides USNM 85635, 96117, 96118 (INBio, USNM). Rancho Quemado, Peninsula de Osa, Costa Rica, 200 m: 1 ♂, v.1991, F. Quesada, slide USNM 85743 (USNM). ECUADOR: NAPO: Lago Agrio: 1 ♂, 1978, J. J. Anderson, slide USNM 85744 (USNM). Misahualli, 450 m: 1 ♂, xii.1992, V. Becker (VOB). Rio Napo, Jatun Satcha, 380–400 m: 1 ♂, 22–23.iv.1990, S. J. Weller (USNM). [Locality not stated]: 1♂ (Collection Brklyn. Mus.). GUATEMALA: Cayuga: 1 ♂, April, 1 ♂, vi.1921, Schaus &amp; Barnes (USNM). Quirigua: 1 ♂, May, Schaus &amp; Barnes (USNM). PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island: 1 ♂, 25–28.iii.1965, S. S. &amp; W. D. Duckworth, 1 ♂, 16.iii.1979, 1 ♂, 17.iii.1979, 1 ♂, 23.iv.1979, Silberglied / Aiello, at light (USNM). Cabima: 1 ♂, v.16, 1911, 2 ♂, v.16–31, 1911, A. Busck (USNM). VENEZUELA: BARINAS: Rio Caparo Research Station, 32 km E. El Canton, b-light: 1 ♀, 3–5.ii.1978, seasonal forest, J. B. Heppner (USNM). TERRITORIO FEDERAL DE AMAZONAS: Cerro de La Neblina Basecamp, 140 m: 1 ♂, 21–29.ii.1984, D. Davis &amp; T. McCabe (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: Most of the year.</p> <p>Discussion: The large size and wing pattern are usually diagnostic for this species. Cossula arpi is most similar to an undescribed species from Guyana and French Guiana, which also possesses a similar terminal patch on the forewing, but differs from the latter in its larger wing span and distinct male genitalia. In C. arpi the rostellum of the male aedoeagus is longer and upcurved compared with the shorter, straighter and more truncate rostellum in the South American species. The gnathos of C. arpi also possesses strongly sclerotized ridges and the valva has a prominent spine protruding from the sacculus, which are not present in the latter species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5500FFFA8ED9F500FDD39AC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5503FFFA8C7BF736FBCB9E2E.text	FB73C54D5503FFFA8C7BF736FBCB9E2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossula buspina Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>COSSULA BUSPINA SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 36, 73, 74, 99, 140)</p> <p>Male (Fig. 36): Forewing length: 24 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna with shaft and rami dark brown; labial palpus dark rusty-brown; frons rusty-brown with light brown; vertex fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia mostly fuscous with some dark brown; dorsum and tegula dark brown and fuscous; pleura brown; venter dark brown and fuscous. Legs with femur and tibia dark brown and dark rustybrown; tibia dark brown and faintly banded brown distally on each tarsomere. Forewing primarily dark brown dorsally; costal margin fuscous; a fuscous patch at basal region of discal cell to 1A+2A; terminal patch consisting of a brown background, a dark brown margin, and two dark brown, quadrangular spots on background; fringe brown; forewing dark brown ventrally, with short, transverse, fuscous striae along costal margin. Hindwing dark brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe brown.</p> <p>Abdomen: Dark brown dorsally; dark brown to brown ventrally; A8 light brown.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 73, 74, 99): Valva broad basally, narrowing and rounded apically as viewed laterally; length of valva approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.4¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process forming a long slender spine; juxta process slightly sclerotized and elongate; bridge of gnathos an elongate spiniform lobe; uncus bifurcate with apices rounded. Aedoeagus with mid-dorsal crest developed as viewed laterally; rostellum long, slender and slightly curved, with apex rounded; rostellum long and slender as viewed ventrally; vesica with small spines mostly basally.</p> <p>Female: Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the provinces of Puntarenas and Guanacaste, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Quepos, Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, 80 m: ii.1991, R. Zuniga (INBio).</p> <p>Paratype: COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Estación Pitilla, 9 km S. Santa Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, 700 m: 1 ♂, 9–14.vii.1993, Gredy, Diego, Carlos (estudiantes), slide USNM 85656 (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: February and July.</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin prefix ‘bu-’ meaning ‘large’ and ‘spina’ meaning ‘thorn’. Cossula buspina refers to the large, spiniform saccular process present on the valvae of the male genitalia.</p> <p>Discussion: Because the body and wings of the only two specimens available for study are partially denuded, the description of the body colour and wing patterns are somewhat incomplete. Although the wings are slightly denuded, the generally dark brown body and wings and dark brown fuscous spot near the base of the forewing discal cell are evident and characteristic for this species. The relatively narrow forewings are also diagnostic for buspina. The male genitalia of buspina are distinct in possessing an elongate spine projecting from the sacculus and in the proportionately small size of the gnathos, uncus and elongate valvae in comparison with the length of the genital capsule. C. buspina is most similar to Cossula ardosiata; however, the male aedoeagus of buspina possesses small spines near the base of the vesica and a smooth rostellum, whereas ardosiata lacks spines on the vesica and bears small spines covering the base of the rostellum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5503FFFA8C7BF736FBCB9E2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5503FFFC8E0EF255FDC99AC3.text	FB73C54D5503FFFC8E0EF255FDC99AC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossula coerulescens Schaus 1911	<div><p>COSSULA COERULESCENS (SCHAUS, 1911)</p> <p>(FIGS 37, 38, 75, 76, 100, 119, 120, 141)</p> <p>Cossula coerulescens Schaus, 1911: 633.</p> <p>Cossula caerulescens Dalla Torre, 1923: 29 [misspelling].</p> <p>Allostylus coerulescens (Schaus, 1911) Hering, 1923: 12; Donahue, 1995: 126.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 37): Forewing length: 28–31 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna dark brown to fuscous and black; labial palpus crimson with some fuscous scales; frons crimson with fuscous to rusty dark brown; vertex mostly rusty dark brown, sometimes with crimson and fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia mostly fuscous and dark rustybrown, with row of crimson scales; dorsum and tegula fuscous, irrorated with white; pleura with elongate crimson patch; venter and legs mostly dark brown and fuscous with a white band at distal end of each tarsomere. Forewing fuscous with a dark grey shimmer dorsally; irrorated with white, with transverse dark fuscous striae interspersed throughout wing, but mostly concentrated along inner and costal margins; a dark, velvety fuscous patch at middle of discal cell; terminal patch similar to latter patch, but with two large, curved, crimson bands, the more distal band beginning at R 4 and ending midway between M 2 and M 3, and the more proximal, slightly fainter band beginning at R 4 and ending at CuA 1; fringe banded dark fuscous and white; forewing fuscous to dark brown ventrally, with a purplish bluegreen iridescence; terminal patch in ventral view similar to dorsal view. Hindwing dark brown to fuscous with purplish blue-green iridescence dorsally and ventrally; fringe mostly white, irrorated with black.</p> <p>Abdomen: Dark brown to fuscous with purplish bluegreen iridescence dorsally and ventrally; dark brown and fuscous furry patch along A1–A3 dorsally; A8 crimson.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 75, 76, 100): Valva broad basally, narrowing slightly and rounded apically; length of valva approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.4¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process lenticular, broad basally and narrowing terminally to a triangular point; juxta process somewhat elongate; gnathos with apical region bearing heavily sclerotized, rounded teeth; uncus with apex bifurcate and rather wide. Aedoeagus with outwardly curved rostellum laterally; rostellum rounded apically, and two flattened lobes on coecum as viewed ventrally.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 38): Forewing length: 29–31 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antennae same as male; labial palpi light rusty-brown to brown dorsally and ventrally; frons dark rusty-brown with brown scales; vertex a darker rusty-brown to fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia mostly fuscous with some dark rustybrown dorsally and some crimson laterally; dorsum and tegula creamy white, irrorated with fuscous and rusty-brown; pleura mostly greyish cream with some light fuscous; venter a darker greyish cream with more fuscous. Legs with femur and tibia interspersed with cream, grey, light brown, brown and fuscous, with fuscous mostly on tibia; tarsi light brown to brown, with creamy white at distal end of each tarsomere. Forewing interspersed with areas of greyish cream, creamy white, tan, and light and dark fuscous dorsally; short, transverse fuscous striae along costal and inner margin; large fuscous patch traversing middle of discal cell; terminal patch with a dark to light brown middle and fuscous margins, although fuscous is rather interspersed throughout patch; fringe mostly fuscous; forewing brown ventrally, with slight purple and light orange iridescence. Hindwing brown dorsally and ventrally, with slight purple and light orange iridescence; fringe mostly brown with some creamy white scales interspersed.</p> <p>Abdomen: Brown with some creamy grey dorsally and ventrally; light to dark brown furry patch at A1–2.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 119, 120): Genitalia wide and relatively shortened; sternite 8 developed and triangular, with a membranous line along the midline of the sclerite; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 smooth, forming two broad lobes on either side of ostium; ductus bursae somewhat long, with many longitudinal cuticular wrinkles; corpus bursae small, spherical and slightly oblong, approximately 0.5¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from Costa Rica.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: [CARTAGO]: Tuis, viii, Type 17316 (USNM) [examined].</p> <p>Material examined: COSTA RICA: [CARTAGO]: Sitio, 1 ♂, i., 2 ♂, May, slide USNM 96069, 1 ♂, vi.9, Schaus and Barnes, slides USNM 85121, 85606, 96056 (USNM). CARTAGO: Juan Vinas: 1 ♂, vi., Schaus and Barnes (USNM). Tuis: 1 ♂, August, E. T. Owen (USNM). Paraíso, Parque Nacional Tapanti, Macizo de la Muerte, al Costado de Casa Adm., 1200 m: 1 ♂, vi.2000, R. Delgado (INBio). GUANA- CASTE: Estación Pitilla, 9 km S. Sta. Cecilia, 700 m: 1 ♂, 10.ix.–22.x.1990, P. Rios &amp; C. Moraga (INBio). Hojancha, R. F. Monte Alto, 350 m: 1 ♀, 20–25.v.2001, H. Mendez (INBio). Z. P. Nosara, Fila Maravilla, 800 m: 1 ♀, 9–14.v.2002, H. Mendez, Trampa de luz (USNM). Z. P. Tenorio, Sector Alto Los Masis, 1100 m: 1 ♂, 10–14.vi.2002, M. Moraga (INBio). Sector Sendero Volcán, 3.5 km SSW del Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, 1100 m: 1 ♀, 5–24.viii.1994, D. Garcia, slide USNM 85655 (USNM). SAN JOSÉ: Estación Zurqui (el Tunel), Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 1500 m: 1 ♂, ix.1985, W. I. &amp; A. Chacon (INBio).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: May to September.</p> <p>Discussion: This species is one of the more attractive in Cossulinae. The iridescent metallic blue and purple scaling of the hindwings, crimson subterminally on the forewing and ventrally on the thorax and patagia,</p> <p>and at the tip of the abdomen readily distinguish coerulescens from all other species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5503FFFC8E0EF255FDC99AC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5505FFFF8DBBF729FDCF9979.text	FB73C54D5505FFFF8DBBF729FDCF9979.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossula cossuloides (Schaus 1905) Donahue 1995	<div><p>COSSULA COSSULOIDES (SCHAUS, 1905)</p> <p>(FIGS 39, 40, 77, 78, 101, 121, 122, 142)</p> <p>Hemipecten cossuloides Schaus, 1905: 340.</p> <p>Cossula cossuloides (Schaus, 1905) Donahue, 1995: 126.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 39): Forewing length: 17–23 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna with shaft and rami cream; labial palpus brown dorsally, cream ventrally; frons cream; vertex cream with some brown.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia cream mixed with brown; tegula and dorsum creamy white, irrorated with dark brown; pleura cream to creamy light brown; venter cream mixed with brown. Legs with femur and tibia cream mixed with brown; tarsi brown and banded cream distally on each tarsomere. Forewing mostly greyish brown along basal three-quarters dorsally, with some cream irrorated throughout wing; small creamy white patches at base of wing and at base of inner margin, sometimes connected; numerous short, transverse, fuscous striae throughout wing and along costal and inner margin; terminal patch light creamy tan, with two large, dark brown to fuscous irregular streaks, connected by a thin, transverse, dark brown line; margin of terminal patch rusty-brown; a large creamy white area immediately before terminal patch; fringe rusty greyish brown; forewing mostly creamy brown ventrally; costal margin cream, with numerous short, transverse, dark brown striae; terminal patch similar to dorsal view, but fainter. Hindwing mostly light brown to brown dorsally and ventrally, with more of a cream colour ventrally; fringe banded brown and cream.</p> <p>Abdomen: Creamy light brown to brown dorsally; mostly cream ventrally; A8 creamy white.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 77, 78, 101): Valva oblong and round, truncate apically; length of valva approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.2¥ length of genital capsule; sacculus heavily sclerotized, with few to many setal protuberances; saccular process a large, rather wide spiniform projection, with apex subacute; juxta process oblong and truncate at apex; gnathos with bridge an elongate projection, gradually narrowing and subacute apically as viewed laterally; uncus somewhat narrow as viewed posterio-ventrally, with apex truncate and very shallowly bifurcate. Aedoeagus narrowing gradually to rounded, acute rostellum, as viewed laterally; rostellum abruptly subacute with rounded apex, as viewed ventrally.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 40): Forewing length: 20 mm.</p> <p>Head: Similar to male.</p> <p>Thorax: Similar to male.</p> <p>Abdomen: Similar to male, except A7 cream.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 121, 122): Sternite 8 enlarged, smooth and fused with intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8; ductus bursae relatively long and lightly sclerotized at base near ostium; corpus bursae somewhat small and slightly elongate, where basal end is narrow and widens terminally; corpus approximately 0.5¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: This species has been collected in Costa Rica, Venezuela and Brazil and probably ranges through much of lowland Central America to Brazil.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; FRENCH GUIANA: St. Laurent, Maroni, W. Schaus (USNM) [examined].</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Manaus, Faz. Porto Alegre: 1 ♂, 10.xii.1993, J. B. Sullivan &amp; R. W. Hutchings (USNM). Manaus, Faz. Dimona: 1 ♂, 8.xii.1993, J. B. Sullivan &amp; R. W. Hutchings, slide USNM 96005 (USNM). ESPIRITU SANTO: Linhares, 40 m: 2 ♂, 25–30.i.1998, V. Becker, slide USNM 96024 (VOB, USNM). MATO GROSSO: 60 km S. Pocone, Pantanal, 100 m: 1 ♂, 1–7.xii.1997, V. Becker, slide USNM 96027 (USNM). Chapada dos Guimaraes: 1 ♂, 25.v.1989, V. Becker (VOB). COSTA RICA: HEREDIA: Estación Magsasay, Parque Nacional Braulio Carillo, 200 m: 1 ♂, i.1991, 1 ♂, v.1991, R. Aguilar, slide USNM 96025 (INBio). LIMON: Sector Cerro Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas, 150 m: 1 ♂, vii.1991, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, viii.1991, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ix.1993, E. Rojas, slides USNM 85632, 85647 (INBio, USNM). PUNTARENAS: Rancho Quemado, Península de Osa, 200 m: 1 ♂, 14–30.viii.1993, A. Marin, slide USNM 96031 (INBio). SAN JOSÉ: Estación Carrillo, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 700 m: 1 ♂, iv.1985, I. &amp; A. Chacon, slide USNM 96030 (INBio). GUYANA: Omai, 2 ♂, W. Schaus, slide USNM 96006 (USNM). FRENCH GUIANA: St. Laurent du Maroni, 1 ♂, Dognin (USNM). VENEZUELA: CARABOBO: Las Guiguas, Esteban Valley: 1 ♂, Dognin (USNM). San Esteban Valley, Las Guiguas, 1 ♂, S. M. Klages, slides USNM 85114, 96105, 96104 (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown. Flight period: Adults have been collected in April, May, August, December, and January.</p> <p>Discussion: Cossula cossuloides superficially resembles C. magnifica, which does not occur in Costa Rica, as well as C. longirostrum and C. minutiloba, which do. The terminal forewing patch in cossuloides is diagnostic in containing two, prominent, longitudinally orientated, brown spots. These spots sometimes are connected by a thin line of brown scales. The forewing brown spot is not divided in the other three species.</p> <p>The most diagnostic features in the male genitalia of cossuloides are the presence of setal bumps on the sacculus of the valva and the spiniform projection of the saccular process. Specimens examined from over the broad range of cossuloides exhibited considerable variation in the relative development of the setal bumps from being strongly developed to nearly absent. In C. magnifica and its close relatives the sacculus is without setal bumps.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5505FFFF8DBBF729FDCF9979	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5506FFFE8D8DF56CFC859BE8.text	FB73C54D5506FFFE8D8DF56CFC859BE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossula duplex Dyar & Schaus 1937	<div><p>COSSULA DUPLEX DYAR &amp; SCHAUS, 1937</p> <p>(FIGS 41, 42, 79, 80, 102, 123, 124, 142)</p> <p>Cossula duplex Dyar &amp; Schaus, 1937: 1271. Donahue, 1995: 126.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 41): Forewing length: 20–24 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus rustybrown dorsally and ventrally, with some fuscous; frons rusty-brown with cream; vertex dark rustybrown to fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same as vertex; tegula and dorsum white, irrorated with fuscous; pleura mostly brown, with some white along base of forewing; venter mostly brown, mixed with creamy white and light brown; a dark brown to fuscous patch below labial palps, ventrally. Legs a mixture of different shades of brown and cream, lighter brown mesally; tarsi brown, banded with cream distally on each tarsomere. Forewing a mixture of different shades of brown dorsally, mixed with creamy white; several short fuscous striae traversing wing, with few striae along costal and inner margins; an elongate fuscous spot beginning at base of discal cell and extending towards inner angle; a white spot at inner angle and at terminal end of discal cell; a steely fuscous patch at approximately mid length of wing and between fuscous spot at base of discal cell and white spot at terminal end of discal cell; another two steely fuscous patches at mid length of wing, one between CuA 2 and CuP, the other between CuP and 1A+2A; terminal patch with outer margin greyish brown and inner margin dark brown; a brown spot separate from terminal patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2; fringe mostly brown and light brown; forewing mostly brown and light brown ventrally; costal margin cream and brown banded; terminal patch with same pattern and colours as dorsal view, but more faded in appearance. Hindwing mostly brown to light brown dorsally, and brown to light brown ventrally; fringe brown and light brown.</p> <p>Abdomen: Brown to dark brown dorsally and pleurally; light brown and cream ventrally.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 79, 80, 102): Valva oblong with rounded apex; length of valva approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.2¥ length of genital capsule; sacculus with a broad, flattened, lenticular ridge running lengthwise, and narrowing apically into a blunt, bulbous, spinose process; juxta process elongate and wide; gnathos arms short; gnathos bridge elongate and narrowing terminally as viewed laterally, converging terminally to uncus; gnathos bridge wide basally as viewed posterio-ventrally, narrowing gradually to broadly acute apex; uncus straight, elongate and narrow, with apex truncate and very shallowly bifurcate. Aedoeagus uniform in width; coecum reduced; rostellum elongate, knob-like and blunt apically; vesica with a dense covering of large spines on ventral surface.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 42): Forewing length: 20 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus rustybrown dorsally and ventrally, irrorated with cream ventrally; frons brown to fuscous with cream; vertex dark rusty-brown to fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia, tegula and dorsum same as male; venter mostly brown, mixed with light brown; a dark brown to fuscous patch below labial palps ventrally. Legs a mixture of different shades of brown and cream, lighter brown mesally; tarsi brown, banded with cream distally on each tarsomere. Forewing a mix of different shades of brown dorsally, mixed with creamy white; several short fuscous striae traversing wing, with few striae along costal and inner margins; elongate fuscous spot at base of discal cell present but not as prominent as in male; a white spot at inner angle and at terminal end of discal cell; a steely fuscous patch at approximately mid length of wing, between fuscous spot at base of discal cell and white spot at terminal end of discal cell, and another two patches at mid length of wing, one between CuA 2 and CuP, the other between CuP and 1A+2A; terminal patch similar in colour and shape as in male; a brown spot separate from terminal patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2, but connected by a thin line of brown scales; fringe mostly brown and light brown; forewing mostly brown and light brown ventrally; costal margin cream and brown banded, although banding not as prominent as in male; terminal patch with same pattern and colours as dorsal view, but more faded in appearance. Hindwing mostly brown and light brown dorsally, and brown and light brown ventrally; fringe brown and light brown.</p> <p>Abdomen: Similar to male.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 123, 124): Sternite 8 reduced, mostly membranous; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 with cuticular wrinkles and forming two enlarged, compressed lobes that cover sternite 8 and from which the ostium arises; ductus bursae with antrum enlarged, sclerotized, and with longitudinal wrinkles and folds; terminal section of ductus membranous and narrower than antrum; corpus bursae spherical, approximately 0.3¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: This species probably ranges from Costa Rica to Brazil, with records from Costa Rica, Panama and Brazil.</p> <p>Holotype: ♀; PANAMA: Cabima: v.16–30, 1911, A.Busck, type No. 41621 (USNM) [examined].</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL: RONDONIA: Cacaulandia, Brazil, 140 m: 1 ♂, xi.1991, V. O. Becker (VOB). Amazones, Pq. Nac. do. Jau, Rio Carabinani: 1 ♂, 1–2.viii.1995, R. W. Hutchings (USNM). AMAZONAS: Manaus, BR-174, km. 72, Faz. Dimona: 1 ♀, 9.xii.1993, J. B. Sullivan &amp; R. W. Hutchings, slide USNM 96083 (USNM). COSTA RICA: LIMON: Manzanillo, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, 0–100 m: 1 ♂, 9.ix.–13.x.1992, K. Taylor, slide USNM 96038 (INBio). VENEZUELA: TERRITORIO FEDERAL DE AMAZONAS: Cerro de la Neblina, base camp, 140 m: 1 ♂, 24.xi.–1.xii.1984, R. L. Brown, slides USNM 85066, 85111, 96077 (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: May to December.</p> <p>Discussion: This species most closely resembles an undescribed species from Brazil in external appearance but can be distinguished by the white to cream colour of the thorax (also shared with C. duplexata), compared with the mostly brown thorax of the Brazilian species. The male genitalia exhibit several characters that assist in identifying members of this complex. The genitalia of duplex are characterized by a broad uncus, a short, broad gnathos (viewed caudally), large spines on the vesica of the aedoeagus, and valvae with a relatively flattened, lenticular saccular process (Fig. 79). Cossula duplexata and the Brazilian species, by contrast, possess a long and slender uncus, a gnathos that converges apically with the uncus, smaller spines on the vesica of the aedoeagus and a more rounded saccular process on the valva.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5506FFFE8D8DF56CFC859BE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5507FFE18EC6F41CFEDC9EE2.text	FB73C54D5507FFE18EC6F41CFEDC9EE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossula duplexata Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>COSSULA DUPLEXATA SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 43, 81, 82, 103, 143)</p> <p>Male (Fig. 43): Forewing length: 22 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus rustybrown dorsally and ventrally; frons rusty-brown; vertex dark rusty-brown to fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same colour as vertex; tegula and dorsum mixed with white, brown and fuscous scales; pleura mostly brown, with some white along base of forewing; venter mostly brown, mixed with creamy white and light brown; a dark brown to fuscous patch below labial palps, ventrally. Legs mostly rustybrown, lighter brown mesally. Forewing a mix of different shades of brown dorsally, mixed with creamy white; several short fuscous striae traversing wing, with few striae along costal and inner margins; an elongate fuscous spot beginning at base of discal cell and extending towards inner angle; terminal patch with outer margin greyish brown and inner margin dark brown to fuscous; a brown to fuscous spot separate from terminal patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2; fringe different shades of brown; forewing mostly brown ventrally, with a mix of cream along wing; costal margin cream and brown banded. Hindwing brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe different shades of brown.</p> <p>Abdomen: Brown to dark brown dorsally and laterally; mostly light brown and cream ventrally; A7–8 light brown and cream.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 81, 82, 103): Valva oblong and rounded apically; length of valva approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.03¥ length of genital capsule; sacculus with a lenticular ridge running lengthwise and developing terminally into a blunt spinose process; juxta process elongate and wide; gnathos arms short; gnathos bridge elongate and narrow, broadly downcurved as viewed laterally, subacute terminally and apressed to uncus; uncus elongate and narrow, downcurved with gnathos bridge, with apex truncate and shallowly bifurcate. Aedoeagus becoming wider towards rostellum, as viewed laterally; rostellum short, knob-like and blunt apically; vesica with a dense covering of small spines at distal end where ductus ejaculatorius emerges.</p> <p>Female: Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: CARTAGO: Moravia de Chirripo, 1100 m: 16.iv.1983, A. M. Chavarria, slide USNM 96036 (INBio).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: April (unique record).</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin suffix ‘-atus’ meaning ‘imitate’ or ‘copy’. Cossula duplexata refers to its similarity to C. duplex.</p> <p>Discussion: This species most closely resembles C. duplex in wing pattern and colour, and an undescribed species from Brazil in male genital morphology. Cossula duplexata differs from duplex in possessing a smaller, fuscous scale patch at the base of the forewing discal cell (Fig. 43). The male genitalia of duplexata differs from the Brazilian species in possessing a more curved, caudal apex of the gnathos and in the distinctly shorter, broader saccular process of the valvae (Fig. 81). In the Brazilian species the gnathos is not curved and the saccular process is long and slender.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5507FFE18EC6F41CFEDC9EE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5518FFE08D98F30BFE279CF8.text	FB73C54D5518FFE08D98F30BFE279CF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossula gaudeator (Schaus 1911) Donahue 1995	<div><p>COSSULA GAUDEATOR (SCHAUS, 1911)</p> <p>(FIGS 44, 45, 83, 84, 104, 125, 126, 143)</p> <p>Hemipecten gaudeator Schaus, 1911: 628.</p> <p>Cossula gaudeator (Schaus, 1911) Donahue, 1995: 126.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 44): Forewing length: 30–33 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna light brown; labial palpus dark brown and rusty-brown to fuscous dorsally and ventrally; frons cream and rusty-brown to fuscous; vertex rustybrown to fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same colour as vertex; dorsum and tegula creamy white irrorated with brown and fuscous; pleura creamy white to light brown, interspersed with light brown and brown to fuscous; venter similar to pleura, but colouring somewhat darker and a brown to fuscous patch on prothorax. Legs with femur and tibia interspersed with scales creamy white to light brown, rusty-brown and fuscous; tarsi light brown irrorated with cream. Forewing mixed with areas of creamy white, light brown, brown and fuscous dorsally; base with small cream patch; fuscous striae along costal and inner margin, the latter ones more faint; a vague dark brown to fuscous patch in middle of discal cell; terminal patch with a large, curved, dark brown band, suffusing with a dark brown margin along termen between M 2 and M 3; remainder of terminal patch light brown; fringe banded with dark brown and light brown; forewing brown ventrally, with dark brown, almost fuscous, and cream banding along costal margin; terminal patch as in dorsal view, but fainter. Hindwing brown dorsally and ventrally; dark brown and cream banding along costal margin ventrally; fringe banded brown and cream.</p> <p>Abdomen: Mostly brown dorsally, irrorated with cream scales; cream ventrally, irrorated with dark brown; A7–8 cream and light brown.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 83, 84): Valva broad basally, narrowing slightly and rounded apically; length of valva approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.6¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process forming a large, upcurved spine on distal half of valva; juxta process elongate and digitiform; gnathos broad with lateral sides slightly upcurved, and medial–apical region with heavily sclerotized ridges; uncus with apex acute and slightly bifurcate. Aedoeagus with rostellum forming a large rounded lobe as viewed laterally; rostellum apex acuminate as viewed ventrally.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 45): Forewing length: 33 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna light brown and fuscous; labial palpus dark brown and rusty-brown to fuscous dorsally, light brown and brown ventrally; frons and vertex dark rusty-brown to fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same as vertex; dorsum and tegula creamy white irrorated with brown and fuscous; pleura cream and light brown, mixed with light brown and brown to fuscous; venter similar to pleura, but colouring somewhat darker and a brown to fuscous patch on prothorax. Legs, forewing and hindwing similar to male in colour and patterns.</p> <p>Abdomen: Mostly brown dorsally, mixed with cream scales; cream ventrally, irrorated with dark brown.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 125, 126): Genitalia wide with ovipositor fairly short; sternite 8 developed and triangular in shape; intersegmental membrane between abdominal segments 7 and 8 forming two large sclerotized lobes, with many cuticular wrinkles, on either side of ostium opening; ductus bursae somewhat shortened, with many longitudinal cuticular wrinkles along entire length; corpus bursae small and oblong, approximately 0.5¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from Costa Rica.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: CARTAGO: Tuis, 2400 ft: vi.1907, W. Schaus (USNM) [examined].</p> <p>Material examined: COSTA RICA: ALAJUELA: Sector Colonia Palmarena, 700 m: 1 ♂, x.1995, J. C. Saborio (INBio). CARTAGO: Tuis: 1 ♂, June, Schaus &amp; Barnes, slide USNM 85615 (USNM). Turrialba, Parque Nacional Barbilla, Estación Barbilla, 500 m: 1 ♂, vi.2001, L. Chavarria (INBio). Turrialba, 600 m: 1 ♂, 10.vi.1972, V. Becker, slide USNM 96057 (VOB). GUANACASTE: Estación Pitilla, 9 km S. Santa Cecilia, 700 m: 1 ♂, 9–14.vii.1993, Gredy, Diego, Carlos (students), slide USNM 85645 (USNM). LIMON: Estación Cuatro Esquinas, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, 0 m: 1 ♂, iii.1993, R. Delgado (INBio). Estación Hitoy Cerere, R. Cerere Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m: 1 ♀, x.1992, G. Carballo, slide USNM 96044 (USNM). SAN JOSÉ: Estación Carillo, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 700 m: 1 ♂, v.1985, I. &amp; A. Chacon (INBio).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: March to October.</p> <p>Discussion: The relatively large wingspan and presence of a prominent, curved, dark brown band in the terminal patch of the forewing readily distinguishes this species from all other members of the subfamily. Diagnostic features of the male genitalia include the large spine protruding from the sacculus, broad gnathos with heavily sclerotized ridges along the medial–apical area, and presence of a large, round and laterally flattened lobe that forms the rostellum on the aedoeagus (Fig. 84).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5518FFE08D98F30BFE279CF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D5519FFE38D91F115FB3698B1.text	FB73C54D5519FFE38D91F115FB3698B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cossula longirostrum Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>COSSULA LONGIROSTRUM SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 46, 47, 85, 86, 105, 142)</p> <p>Male (Fig. 46): Forewing length: 18 mm. Head: Antenna with shaft and rami brown; labial palpus dark brown dorsally, lighter brown and cream ventrally; frons with scales cream, light brown and brown; vertex mostly fuscous with dark brown suffusion.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia mostly fuscous with some light rustybrown and greyish tan scales basally and fuscous apically; tegula creamy white, irrorated with light brown and fuscous; dorsum similar to tegula, but with more brown; pleura creamy light brown; venter brown, mixed with creamy white. Legs with femur and tibia brown, mixed with creamy white laterally, and mostly cream mesally; tarsi brown, banded creamy white distally on each tarsomere. Forewing mostly a mix of grey and light brown on basal threequarters dorsally, with a creamy white area immediately before terminal patch; a small creamy white patch at base of wing; numerous transverse, short, fuscous striae throughout entire wing, but mostly concentrated along costal and inner margin; terminal patch light brownish tan, close to a pale yellow, with fuscous border; an upcurved fuscous band on basal portion of terminal patch, traversing CuP and joining fuscous border; towards apex, a concave, fuscous band medially in terminal patch, with basal portion of band joining fuscous margin; fringe composed of brownish grey, rusty-brown and dark brown scales; forewing mostly brown ventrally, with terminal patch similar as in dorsal view, but fainter; inner margin cream, with several brown, transverse striae; numerous dark brown, transverse striae along costal margin. Hindwing mostly brown dorsally and ventrally, with scales somewhat greyish brown; a cream patch with brown, transverse striae along terminal half of costal margin; fringe slightly banded brown and cream.</p> <p>Abdomen: Mostly brown dorsally; lighter brown to cream ventrally; A8 creamy white.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 85, 86): Valva oblong and rounded terminally; length of valva approximately 0.7¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.05¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process forming a somewhat lenticular spine, with small protuberances immediately following this spine on lower terminal margin of valva; juxta process elongate and digitiform; gnathos with bridge forming an elongate, subacute projection; bridge gradually narrowing to acute apex as viewed laterally; uncus somewhat broad as viewed posterioventrally, and very shallowly bifurcate. Aedoeagus with rostellum elongate, inwardly curved and digitiform as viewed laterally, with apex rounded; vesica on one side covered with small spines, with opposite side bearing a rather large lobe.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 47): Forewing length: 21.5 mm.</p> <p>Head: [Missing, not observed].</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia fuscous, with scales creamy white to grey basally and fuscous apically; tegula and dorsum creamy white, irrorated with fuscous; pleura creamy light brown; venter cream, with scales cream basally and fuscous apically. Legs with femur and tibia bearing scales creamy white basally and fuscous apically; tarsi brown with some fuscous scales, and banded cream distally on each tarsomere. Forewing mostly a mix of light grey, cream and pale brown on basal three-quarters dorsally, with a creamy white area just before terminal patch; a small creamy white patch at base of wing; numerous transverse, short, fuscous striae throughout entire wing, but mostly concentrated along costal and inner margin; a few patches of grey along CuP and 1A+2A medially, and costal margin grey; terminal patch similar to male, only slightly lighter in colour; fringe mostly rustybrown, with some greyish brown; forewing cream ventrally, with scales creamy white basally and brown to fuscous apically; costal and inner margin with similar colour and pattern as male, with bands sligthly lighter in colour; terminal patch similar to dorsal view, but more faint. Hindwing mostly greyish brown dorsally and ventrally, with cream interspersed throughout entire wing; greyish brown transverse striae along costal margin; fringe mostly light brown, mixed with creamy white.</p> <p>Abdomen: [Missing, not observed].</p> <p>Female genitalia: Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from Monteverde, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Monteverde, 1500 m: 1–4.ix.1999, V. Becker, slide USNM 96004 (USNM).</p> <p>Paratype: COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Monteverde, 1500 m: 1 ♀, 1–4.ix.1999, V. Becker (VOB).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: September.</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘longius’ meaning ‘longer’ and ‘rostrum’ meaning ‘beak’. Cossula longirostrum refers to the elongate rostellum on the aedoeagus of the male genitalia.</p> <p>Discussion: Because of their virtually identical appearance, it is not possible to distinguish this species superficially from either C. minutiloba, which also occurs in Costa Rica, nor C. magnifica, which does not. The male genitalia are diagnostic with the rostellum of the aedoeagus of longirostrum being more digitiform and elongate (extending nearly to the end of the vesica) than in the other species. The aedoeagus in longirostrum is also more slender and elongate than in either magnifica or minutiloba, and the apex of the uncus is broader (in posterio-ventral view) than in either of the other two species. The lobe emanating from the vesica of longirostrum is similar to that of magnifica in size and possesses a dense covering of minute, piliform spines.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D5519FFE38D91F115FB3698B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
FB73C54D551AFFE78ED7F4A4FDC59C19.text	FB73C54D551AFFE78ED7F4A4FDC59C19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	minutiloba Davis & Gentili-Poole & Mitter 2008	<div><p>COSSULE MINUTILOBA SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 48, 49, 87, 88, 106, 127, 128, 144)</p> <p>Male (Fig. 48): Forewing length: 16–18 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna with shaft and rami cream; labial palpus brown dorsally, cream and light brown ventrally; frons brown, mixed with cream; vertex mostly dark rusty-brown, sometimes appearing fuscous, with some scales greyish tan basally and dark rusty-brown apically.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same as vertex; tegula and dorsum creamy white, irrorated with fuscous; pleura creamy light brown; venter creamy light brown, mixed with creamy white and brown; a dark brown to greyish fuscous patch immediately behind head ventrally. Legs with femur and tibia cream, mixed with brown; tarsi brown and banded creamy white distally on each tarsomere. Forewing mostly brownish grey along basal three-quarters dorsally, with a pale brown area medially; a creamy white patch at base of wing; numerous short, transverse, fuscous striae throughout entire wing and along costal and inner margin, with a few thicker striae at basal quarter of wing; terminal patch light brownish tan, close to a pale yellow, to tan brown, with a fuscous border; an upcurved fuscous band on basal portion of terminal patch, traversing CuP and joining fuscous border; towards apex, a concave, fuscous band medially in terminal patch, with basal portion of band joining fuscous margin; a creamy white area immediately before terminal patch; fringe greyish brown to rustybrown; forewing mostly brown and light brown ventrally, mixed with cream; costal margin cream with brown transverse striae; terminal patch faint and with same pattern as in dorsal view, but colours lighter. Hindwing brown and light brown dorsally and ventrally, with venter mixed with cream; fringe banded brown and creamy white.</p> <p>Abdomen: Brown to light brown dorsally; creamy light brown ventrally; A8 cream.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 87, 88, 106): Valva oblong and rounded apically; length of valva approximately 0.8¥ length of genital capsule; gnathos–uncus expanse approximately 0.3¥ length of genital capsule; saccular process forming a small cluster of blunt spines, with one larger spine; small rugosities immediately following this spiny cluster on lower terminal margin of valva; juxta process elongate; gnathos with bridge forming an elongate, subacute projection; bridge abruptly forming acute apex as viewed laterally; uncus somewhat narrow as viewed posterio-ventrally, with apex truncate and very shallowly bifurcate. Aedoeagus with rostellum short, straight, and apex slightly clubbed as viewed laterally; aedoeagus with rostellum gradually narrowing to subacute, rounded apex as viewed ventrally; vesica on one side covered with small spines, with opposite side bearing a rather small lobe.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 49): Forewing length: 21–23 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna with shaft and rami cream and brown; labial palpus cream, irrorated with fuscous; frons cream, irrorated with fuscous; vertex fuscous, with some scales light brown basally.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia fuscous; tegula greyish cream, irrorated with dark brown; dorsum creamy white, irrorated with dark brown; pleura creamy light brown; venter cream, mixed with greyish brown. Legs with femur and tibia cream and greyish brown; tarsi brown, banded with cream distally on each tarsomere. Forewing mostly brownish grey along basal threequarters dorsally; numerous short, transverse, greyish brown to fuscous striae throughout entire wing and along costal and inner margin; terminal patch with similar pattern as male, except patch a creamy tan colour; a greyish cream area immediately before terminal patch; fringe banded dark brown to fuscous and creamy white; forewing with scales creamy greyish brown ventrally, with slight gold lustre; numerous short, transverse, brown striae along costal margin; terminal patch similar to dorsal view, except curved bands not as prominent and blending into greyish brown of remainder of wing. Hindwing greyish brown with slight gold lustre dorsally and ventrally; fringe banded dark brown and cream.</p> <p>Abdomen: Cream mixed with light brown dorsally and ventrally.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 127, 128): Sternite 8 enlarged, forming a quadrate sclerite below ostium and with elongate sclerotized areas leading to anterior apophyses; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 reduced and mostly membranous; ductus bursae elongate, approximately uniform in width along entire length and many longitudinal cuticular wrinkles and folds along basal half; corpus bursae short in length, approximately 0.5¥ length of bursa copulatrix, and small, not much wider than ductus bursae.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from Guatemala and Costa Rica.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂; COSTA RICA: GUANACASTE: Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, 9 km S. Santa Cecilia, 700 m: 19–22.vi.1993, G. Carballo (INBio).</p> <p>Paratypes: COSTA RICA: CARTAGO: Turrialba, Grano de Oro, Chirripo, 1120 m: 1 ♀, vii.1993, P. Campos (INBio). GUANACASTE: Estación Cacao, SW side Volcán Cacao, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, 1000– 1400 m: 1 ♀, v.1992, D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs (INBio). Estación Maritza, W. side Volcán Orosi, 600 m: 1 ♀, v.1988, GNP Biod. Survey, slide USNM 85654 (USNM). Estación Pitilla, 9 km S. Santa Cecilia, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, 700 m: 1 ♂, 19–23.vi.1993, slide USNM 85631, 2 ♂, vi.1994, slide USNM 96033, 1 ♂, 9–14.vii.1993, P. Rios, Gredy, Diego, Carlos (estudiantes), slides USNM 85652, 85783, 96079 (INBio, USNM). GUATEMALA: Chajel, 1 ♂, viii., Schaus &amp; Barnes, slide USNM 85607 (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: May to August.</p> <p>Etymology: Derived from the Latin ‘minutus’ meaning ‘little’ or ‘small’ and ‘lobus’ meaning ‘a rounded projection or protuberance’. Cossula minutiloba refers to the relatively small size of the lobe emanating from the vesica in the aedoeagus of the male genitalia.</p> <p>Discussion: As discussed under C. longirostrum, C. minutiloba is superficially identical to both longirostrum, which also occurs in Costa Rica, and magnifica, which does not. Cossula minutiloba differs from both species in possessing a much smaller, naked lobe on the vesica of the aedoeagus (Fig. 88). The vesica must be everted during dissection in order to examine the lobe. The vesical lobe is much larger and densely covered with piliform spines in both longirostrum and magnifica.</p> <p>UNIDENTIFIED FEMALES</p> <p>During the course of this study three species represented only by single females were found not to agree with any previously identified females. Because many species of Cossulinae that share similar wing patterns can only be identified with certainty on the basis of male genital characters, or are known only from male specimens, it has not been possible to associate these females with possibly conspecific males. Descriptions and illustrations are provided to assist any future effort to determine their relationships.</p> <p>UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE 1</p> <p>(FIGS 50, 129, 130, 144)</p> <p>Female (Fig. 50): Forewing length: 21 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna creamy white; labial palpus brown dorsally, irrorated with cream, and cream with some light brown ventrally; frons cream, irrorated with brown; vertex creamy white, irrorated with brown.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia same as vertex; dorsum creamy white with some rusty-brown areas; tegula creamy white, irrorated with greyish brown; pleura creamy white, cream and light brown; venter mostly brown with some cream; legs with femur and tibia mixed with creamy white, cream and brown; tarsi brown, banded cream distally on each tarsomere. Forewing creamy white and light golden cream dorsally, with numerous grey, transverse striae along entire width of wing; the three most apparent and largest of these striae located basally, medially and post-medially along wing; subcostal region white and golden cream and mostly lacking striae; numerous short, transverse, grey and dark brown striae along costal margin; two dark brown to fuscous spots subterminally; wing mostly grey from subterminal spots to termen; three faint brown spots along CuP, located at basal third of wing, medially, and immediately before subterminal spots; fringe light brown and cream; forewing mostly light brown ventrally, with some cream; numerous short, transverse, brown striae along costal margin. Hindwing cream and light brown dorsally and ventrally; fringe cream and light brown.</p> <p>Abdomen: Cream, creamy white and light brown dorsally and ventrally.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 129, 130): Sternite 8 enlarged and divided along the middle; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 fused to sternite 8, forming two broad, sclerotized, flattened lobes on either side of the ductus that project outward; ostium enclosed by two lobes that are slightly compressed laterally; ductus bursae short; corpus bursae circular, approximately 0.4¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the province of Puntarenas, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Material examined: COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Rancho Quemado, Península de Osa, 200 m: 1 ♀, xi.1991, F. Quesada, slide USNM 96041 (INBio).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: November.</p> <p>Discussion: As indicated by the lateral compression of the ductus bursae in the female genitalia and by the results of the phylogenetic analysis, this unique specimen is a member of Biocellata.</p> <p>UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE 2</p> <p>(FIGS 51, 131, 132, 144)</p> <p>Female (Fig. 51): Forewing length: 28 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna whitish cream; labial palpus a mixture of creamy white and brown dorsally and ventrally; frons a mixture of creamy white and brown; vertex rusty-brown to fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia a mix of cream, light rusty-brown and fuscous; dorsum and tegula mostly creamy white, irrorated with light and dark brown; tegula with a metallic grey patch; pleura brown to creamy brown; venter light, creamy and dark brown. Legs a mixture of light, cream and dark brown, irrorated with white; a creamy white band at basal and distal end of first tarsomere on all legs. Forewing mostly a light brownish grey dorsally, with few fuscous scales at base as well as a small fuscous patch at base along CuP; a large white and tan spot, with a small patch of fuscous, at terminus of discal cell; terminal patch mostly fuscous and dark greyish brown, with inner patch margin tan and brown; fringe a mixture of light and dark brown; forewing brown ventrally. Hindwing brown dorsally, with a slightly lighter brown ventrally; fringe a mixture of light and dark brown.</p> <p>Abdomen: Mostly brown with some grey dorsally and ventrally.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 131, 132): Sternite 8 smooth and triangular; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 forming two laterally compressed lobes through which the ostium bursae opens; ductus bursae elongate and sinusoidal, wider near ostium and becoming slightly narrower towards corpus bursae; corpus bursae rather small and ovoid, approximately 0.4¥ length of bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the La Selva Biological Preserve, Heredia, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Material examined: COSTA RICA: HEREDIA: La Selva Biological Station, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, 40 m: 1 ♀, v.1986, M. M. Chavarria, slide USNM 85653 (INBio).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: May.</p> <p>Discussion: As suggested by its placement in the phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 3), as well as its similar colour, wing pattern and genital morphology, this female appears to be closely related to C. coerulescens. Although the specimen is in rather poor condition, it differs superficially from coerulescens in possessing narrower forewings. Several structural differences from coerulescens in the female genitalia were also noted. Cossula coerulescens has a shorter, smaller corpus bursae, a much longer and enlarged ductus bursae, and lacks the swelling at the ostium present in this unknown female.</p> <p>UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE 3</p> <p>(FIGS 52, 133, 134, 144)</p> <p>Female (Fig. 52): Forewing length: 23 mm.</p> <p>Head: Antenna cream and brown; labial palpus brown dorsally and mostly creamy white ventrally; frons a mixture of light browns, irrorated with creamy white; vertex fuscous.</p> <p>Thorax: Patagia fuscous; tegula and dorsum white, irrorated with brown and fuscous; pleura a mixture of brown and cream, with some white along base of forewing; venter a mixture of browns and cream; a dark brown patch below labial palps ventrally. Legs a mixture of different shades of brown and creamy white, lighter brown mesally; tarsi brown, banded with cream distally on each tarsomere. Forewing a mix of different shades of brown dorsally, mostly light brown, mixed with cream; several short, transverse, fuscous striae dispersed throughout wing, with few striae along costal and inner margins; base of wing cream; an elongate fuscous line beginning at base of discal cell and migrating towards inner angle; wing mostly cream from terminal half up to terminal patch; terminal patch with fuscous outer and inner margins; outer margin consisting of a contiguous thick, wavy patch that reaches the wing termen between M 2 and M 3, and again between CuA 1 and CuA 2; fringe mostly dark brown; forewing mostly brown and cream ventrally; terminal patch with same pattern as dorsal view, but more uniformly brown and faded in appearance. Hindwing mostly brown and cream dorsally and ventrally; fringe light brown.</p> <p>Abdomen: Light brown and cream dorsally; mostly cream ventrally with some light brown.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Figs 134, 144): Sternite 8 smooth, reduced and triangular, and with a swelling present at ostium opening; intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 forming two compressed lobes on either side of ostium; ductus bursae short, slender and sinusoidal; corpus bursae elongate, approximately 0.5¥ length of bursa copulatrix, narrow at beginning of ductus bursae and becoming wider apically.</p> <p>Distribution: Heredia, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Material examined: COSTA RICA: HEREDIA: El Ceibo, 10 km SE La Virgen, 450–550 m: 1 ♀, 14.iii.2003, M. E. Epstein, slide USNM 85675 (USNM).</p> <p>Host: Unknown.</p> <p>Flight period: March.</p> <p>Discussion: This female belongs in Cossula, as indicated by the compressed lobes in the genitalia formed by the intersegmental membrane between abdominal sternites 7 and 8 around the ostium and the results of the phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 3).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB73C54D551AFFE78ED7F4A4FDC59C19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Davis, Steve R.;Gentili-Poole, Patricia;Mitter, Charles	Davis, Steve R., Gentili-Poole, Patricia, Mitter, Charles (2008): A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (2): 222-277, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x
