identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FB1D87F6FFC9FFCCFF7DD323FA8026E6.text	FB1D87F6FFC9FFCCFF7DD323FA8026E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cosmarium diamantinum G. J. P. Ramos & C. W. N. Moura 2019	<div><p>Cosmarium diamantinum G.J.P.Ramos &amp; C.W.N.Moura, sp. nov. (Figs 2–6)</p> <p>Cells somewhat longer than wide; semicells subtriangular, with a deep median constriction; sinus distinctly open; lateral margins divergent; upper margin straight to slightly rounded, semicells elliptic in apical view, semicells in lateral view with a widely oblong outlines; semicell wall covered with sharp granules arranged in 3 slightly curved rows near the apices, median region smooth, with 1 row of granules in the isthmus region. Zygospores not observed. Cell dimensions: length 36–38 μm, width 32–35 μm, isthmus 10–12 μm.</p> <p>Holotype: material numbered (HUEFS 244147!) deposited at Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, population illustrated here in LM (Figs 2-6).</p> <p>Etymology: The epithet refers to diamond, main mineral from Chapada Diamantina region.</p> <p>Type locality and habitat characteristics: Collected at Pico das Almas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.932224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.522222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.932224/lat -13.522222)">Rio de Contas</a>, Bahia state, Brazil. Lat. 13º 31’ 20” S, Long. 41º 55’ 56” W. Sample collected by A. V. F. Lima s/n (HUEFS 244147) on 01 May 2011. Cosmarium diamantinum occurred in an ephemeral puddle in the mountain;</p> <p>Notes: The new species is similar to Cosmarium furcatum Kurt Först. &amp; F.Eckert (1964: 391), though the latter differs by having a pair of bifurcated spines at the angles, in addition to a uniformly ornamented cell wall, and being half the size of the former. Due to the angular spines, Förster (1964) had difficulty accommodating the species in the genus Cosmarium when it was first described, suggesting that it might be some representative of another genus, such as Staurastrum.</p> <p>The ornamentation pattern of Cosmarium diamantinum is interesting, with slightly curved rows of sharp granules near apices, whereas the mid-region of the semicell lacks ornamentation. In addition, it presents an ornamentation formed by a row of granules in the region of the isthmus, which is well detached in the lateral view (Fig.5).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFC9FFCCFF7DD323FA8026E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCAFFCCFF7DD751FB9421B2.text	FB1D87F6FFCAFFCCFF7DD751FB9421B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cosmarium dimaziforme var. concavum Kurt Forst. 1981	<div><p>Cosmarium dimaziforme var. concavum Kurt Först. &amp; F.Eckert ex Kurt Först. (1981: 228) (Figs 7–10)</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 16–18 μm, breadth 20–22 μm, isthmus 6–8 μm.</p> <p>Habitat characteristics: River; water temperature 19ºC, pH 7.2, conductivity 20 μS. cm-1, dissolved oxygen 7.3 mg.L- 1.</p> <p>Material examined: HUEFS 244150.</p> <p>Notes: This variety was described by Förster (1964) from material collected in Serra da Lua, northern Brazil. It differs from the nominate variety mainly by having cells 1.2 times wider than long, a concave apex, apical angles, and lateral lobes with a wart and smooth membrane. The taxon resembles Cosmarium pileatum var. brasiliense (Grönblad) Willi Krieg. &amp; Gerloff (1969:318), which differs mainly by having acute-angled open sinus, truncate apices, and the central region of the semicell has only a prominent inflation, while C. dimaziforme var. concavum has three verrucae (best seen in apical view).</p> <p>Cosmarium dimaziforme var. concavum was reported for coastal lagoons along the north littoral region (Conde, Esplanada, Entre Rios) of Bahia by Oliveira et al. (2016). In the illustration provided by those authors (Fig. 19), however, the identification of this taxon was apparently misapplied, because it does not show the concave margins characteristic of this variety, but rather shows apical margins truncated, approaching those of Cosmarium dimaziforme var. goyazense Kurt Först. &amp; F.Eckert (1964: 389). Thus, the taxon under discussion from the Chapada Diamantina is the first confirmed record of C. dimaziforme var. concavum for northeastern Brazil.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCAFFCCFF7DD751FB9421B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCAFFCCFF7DD1E5FE6123F2.text	FB1D87F6FFCAFFCCFF7DD1E5FE6123F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cosmarium pentachondrum Borgesen 1891	<div><p>Cosmarium pentachondrum Børgesen (1891: 39) (Figs 11–13)</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 25–27 μm, breadth 20–22 μm, isthmus 10–12 μm.</p> <p>Habitat characteristics: River; quiet and warm waters, associated to filamentous algae.</p> <p>Material examined: HUEFS 244148.</p> <p>Notes: This is a very rare species, known only in southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), and it was not reported over 70 years ago. Cosmarium pentachondum was described by Børgesen based on an apparently unique specimen collected in the municipality of “Moji”; Biolo (2016), however, noted that Børgesen did not specify in which of the three areas currently known as Moji (Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi Guaçu, or Mogi Mirim in São Paulo State) the sample was collected.</p> <p>This species is mainly characterized by having semicircular semicells, eight undulations on the lateral margins, granular cell walls with 5 large granules in the mid-region of the semicell. Due these features, this species might be confused with Cosmarium itatiayae Willi Krieg. (1950: 41), which differs by having 18 granules per semicell and larger cell dimensions (length 37 μm, width 32 μm, isthmus 12 μm), whereas C. pentachondrum has ca. 13 granules per semicell and smaller cells.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCAFFCCFF7DD1E5FE6123F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCCFFCAFF7DD4CAFC082677.text	FB1D87F6FFCCFFCAFF7DD4CAFC082677.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euastrum bahiense Kurt Forst. & F. Eckert 1964	<div><p>Euastrum bahiense Kurt Först. &amp; F.Eckert (1964: 349) (Figs 14–16)</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 36–38 μm, breadth 22 μm, isthmus 8,5 μm</p> <p>Habitat characteristics: Ephemeral puddle in the mountain.</p> <p>Material examined: HUEFS 244147.</p> <p>Notes: The main morphological features of Euastrum bahiense are its trapeziform semicells with cell walls uniformly punctate. This species has only been mentioned once, and only for Brazil (Förster 1964), from material collected in the states of Bahia and Goiás. It represents another rare species and only a few specimens were seen in the samples studied.</p> <p>Due to its very shallow apical incision and trapeziform semicells, this species can also be interpreted as belonging to the genus Cosmarium (e.g., C. tatricum Racib. [1885: 78]). In spite of their similar cell dimensions, the latter species differs mainly by having concave semicells (lateral margins and apices).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCCFFCAFF7DD4CAFC082677	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCCFFCAFF7DD626FDBA2197.text	FB1D87F6FFCCFFCAFF7DD626FDBA2197.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euastrum bicudoi G. J. P. Ramos & C. W. N. Moura 2019	<div><p>Euastrum bicudoi G.J.P.Ramos &amp; C.W.N.Moura, sp. nov. (Figs 40–42)</p> <p>Cells somewhat longer than wide; semicells trapeziform with concave margins between the lobes; median constriction deep, with sinus open; apical incision open, V-shaped; basal lobes ornamented with 1 long spine, polar lobes with 4 spines, unequal, 2 long on the margin, divergent, 2 short in the apical incision, convergent; cell wall with a pronounced central protuberance, circular; chloroplast with one pyrenoid per semicell. Zygospores not observed. Cell dimensions: length 25–26 μm, width 20–22.5 μm, apical lobe 10–11 μm, isthmus 5–5.5 μm.</p> <p>Holotype: material numbered (HUEFS 244149!) deposited at Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, population illustrated here in LM (Figs 40–42).</p> <p>Etymology: The epithet is given in honor of Brazilian desmidiologist Dr. Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo for his invaluable contribution to knowledge of desmids in American continent, especially in Brazil.</p> <p>Type locality and habitat characteristics: Collected at “Barragem do Dragão” <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.850555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.096666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.850555/lat -13.096666)">Piatã</a>, Bahia state, Brazil. Lat. 13° 05’ 48” S, Long. 41° 51’ 02” W. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.850555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.096666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.850555/lat -13.096666)">Sample</a> collected by G. J. P. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.850555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.096666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.850555/lat -13.096666)">Ramos</a>, C. W. N. Moura, F. M. Costa and M. A. Santos s/n (HUEFS 244149) on 13 July 2017. Euastrum bicudoi occurred in periphyton; water temperature 21ºC, pH 7.8, conductivity 10 μS. cm-1, dissolved oxygen 9.2 mg.L- 1.</p> <p>Notes: The presence of elongated spines is the most notable feature of this species, which was considered rare in the study area. We have analyzed approximately 30 specimens, and all of the cells presented the same morphological pattern with considerably elongated spines on both the polar and lateral lobes.</p> <p>Morphologically, Euastrum bicudoi resembles Euastrum cuspidatum var. goyazense (Kurt Först. &amp; F.Eckert) Kurt Först. (1969: 31), although the latter differs mainly by having 2–3 short spines on the lobes instead long spines. This morphotype is apparently typical of the tropical region of Brazil, since other similar taxa (e.g., Euastrum arciferum Borge [1918: 59] and Euastrum subtile Borge [1918: 58]) were also described from material collected in the states of Bahia, Goiás, and Rio de Janeiro.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCCFFCAFF7DD626FDBA2197	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCCFFCAFF7DD186FACF233F.text	FB1D87F6FFCCFFCAFF7DD186FACF233F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euastrum croasdaleae var. incrassatum Kurt Forst. & F. Ecker 1964	<div><p>Euastrum croasdaleae var. incrassatum Kurt Först. &amp; F.Ecker (1964: 352) (Figs 17–20)</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 22–25 μm, breadth 15–17 μm, isthmus 5–7 μm</p> <p>Habitat characteristics: Ephemeral puddle in the mountain.</p> <p>Material examined: HUEFS 244147.</p> <p>Notes: This variety is distinguished by the presence of a thickening at the extremities of the lateral and apical lobes. It is a fairly rare taxon, which was also described for Bahia, although Förster (1964) did not specify in which municipality the sample was collected. In our specimens studied, we noticed that the apical incision is slightly shallower than the taxon illustrated by Förster (Tf. 3, fig. 12, pg. 443), while the other characteristics are in full agreement.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCCFFCAFF7DD186FACF233F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCCFFCBFF7DD36EFD742532.text	FB1D87F6FFCCFFCBFF7DD36EFD742532.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euastrum duplicato-verrucosum Kurt Forst. & F. Eckert 1964	<div><p>Euastrum duplicato-verrucosum Kurt Först. &amp; F.Eckert (1964: 353) (Figs 21–25)</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 31–33μm, breadth 22,5–25 μm, apical lobe 16,5–18 μm, isthmus 6,5–7 μm</p> <p>Habitat characteristics: Ephemeral puddle in the mountain.</p> <p>Material examined: HUEFS 244147.</p> <p>Notes: Euastrum duplicato-verrucosum is a rare species, previously known only from the study in which it was described (Förster 1964) from material collected in the Brazilian states of Bahia and Goiás.</p> <p>The main morphological feature of this species concerns the warts located coarsely at the margins of the lobes and central region of the semicell. Those warts are sometimes double, especially on the lateral lobe. It is likely that this species will be found in the central region of Brazil.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCCFFCBFF7DD36EFD742532	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCDFFCBFF7DD565FE4B279E.text	FB1D87F6FFCDFFCBFF7DD565FE4B279E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euastrum octogibbosum Willi Krieg. 1937	<div><p>Euastrum octogibbosum Willi Krieg. (1937: 586) (Figs 26–27)</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 19,5–21 μm, breadth 13,5–15 μm, apical lobe 11–12 μm, isthmus 5–6 μm.</p> <p>Habitat characteristics: Periphyton; water temperature 21ºC, pH 7.8, conductivity 10 μS. cm-1, dissolved oxygen 9.2 mg.L- 1.</p> <p>Material examined: HUEFS 244149.</p> <p>Notes: Krieger (1937) proposed Euastrum octogibbosum as a new name for Euastrum coralloides var. subintegrum West &amp; G.S. West (1907: 198) based on specimens from Burma (Myanmar), as that author considered E. coralloides an uncertain species.</p> <p>Euastrum octogibbosum is a rare species, with known distributions on the Asian continent (Krieger 1937, Hinode 1955, Scott &amp; Prescott 1961). The main morphological features of this species are trapeziform semicells with four prominent verrucae near the margins of the lobes and a central inflation furnished with 3 verrucae arranged in a circle.</p> <p>The Brazilian specimens are closest to Indonesian samples illustrated by Scott &amp; Prescott (1961: Pl 13, Fig. 3, as Euastrum coralloides var. subintegrum), although the central inflation is generally composed of 3 granules instead of a single large and smooth granule as in Asian specimens. That inflation having 3 verrucae was only seen by SEM, as the inflation always appeared to be simply one large spherical protrusion under LM. Euastrum octogibbosum is reported here for the first time for Brazil.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCDFFCBFF7DD565FE4B279E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCDFFCBFF7DD789FF4722DA.text	FB1D87F6FFCDFFCBFF7DD789FF4722DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euastrum piataense G. J. P. Ramos & C. W. N. Moura 2019	<div><p>Euastrum piataense G.J.P.Ramos &amp; C.W.N.Moura, sp. nov. (Figs 28–34)</p> <p>Cells somewhat longer than wide; semicells pyramidal with concave sides; median constriction deep with sinus closed; apical incision open, U-shaped; basal and apical lobes ornamented with spines, apical angles with 1–2 spines; cell wall finely scrobiculate, with 2 spines near the margins of the basal lobes, a pronounced central protuberance, circular; 2 converging scrobicles in the mid-region; chloroplast with two pyrenoids. Zygospore not observed. Cell dimensions: length 70–80 μm, breadth 50–60 μm, apical lobe 30–36 μm, isthmus 14–16 um.</p> <p>Holotype: material numbered (HUEFS 244149!) deposited at Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, population partially illustrated here in LM (Figs 28–32) and SEM (Fig. 33–34)</p> <p>Etymology: The epithet refers to Piatã, type locality.</p> <p>Type locality and habitat characteristics: Collected at “Barragem do Dragão” <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.850555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.096666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.850555/lat -13.096666)">Piatã</a>, Bahia state, Brazil. Lat. 13° 05’ 48” S, Long. 41° 51’ 02” W. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.850555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.096666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.850555/lat -13.096666)">Sample</a> collected by G. J. P. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.850555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.096666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.850555/lat -13.096666)">Ramos</a>, C. W. N. Moura, F. M. Costa and M. A. Santos s/n (HUEFS 244149) on 13 July 2017. Euastrum piataense occurred in periphyton; water temperature 21ºC, pH 7.8, conductivity 10 μS. cm-1, dissolved oxygen 9.2 mg.L- 1.</p> <p>Notes: At first glance, this new species closely resembles Euastrum evolutum (Nordstedt) West &amp; G.S. West (1896: 243) and its forms. The latter species differs, however, by having a polar lobe with a deep, V-shaped incision, as well as semicells with deep interlobar incisions and three granules arranged in a circle in the mid-region. E. evolutum also has cell walls smooth, whereas the new species has cell walls finely scrobiculate.</p> <p>Another similar species is E. bidentatum var. peruvianum Willi Krieg. &amp; A.M.Scott (1957: 132), which differs from E. piataense by not having two central scrobicles in the mid-region, and by having an apical V-shaped incision and a number of granules near the lateral margins. Euastrum piataense occurred in large numbers in the sample we examined.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCDFFCBFF7DD789FF4722DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCDFFC8FF7DD34DFBC22516.text	FB1D87F6FFCDFFC8FF7DD34DFBC22516.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euastrum subcyclopicum var. elongatum Therezien 1985	<div><p>Euastrum subcyclopicum var. elongatum Thérézien (1985: 82) (Figs 35–39)</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 52–57 μm, breadth 23–25,5 μm, apical lobe 21 μm, isthmus 7–8 μm</p> <p>Habitat characteristics: Dam, periphyton; water temperature 21ºC, pH 7.8, conductivity 10 μS. cm-1, dissolved oxygen 9.2 mg.L- 1.</p> <p>Material examined: HUEFS 244149.</p> <p>Notes: Euastrum subcyclopicum var. elongatum has as its main characteristics long spines divergent in the angles of the apical lobe, a large scrobicle in the mid-region of the semicell, and a granule in the supraisthmal region. Large populations of this taxon were observed in the sample studied, although no relevant morphological variations were observed. Regarding its geographic distribution, this variety was only known from its type locality, French Guiana (Thérézien 1985), which makes the present record new for Brazil. It is likely to be endemic to South America, as well as other morphologically similar taxa, such as Euastrum pirassunungae Borge (1918: 58).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCDFFC8FF7DD34DFBC22516	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCFFFC9FF7DD4F5FC7A2586.text	FB1D87F6FFCFFFC9FF7DD4F5FC7A2586.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euastrum subtrilobulatum var. laeve Kurt Forst. & F. Eckert 1964	<div><p>Euastrum subtrilobulatum var. laeve Kurt Först. &amp; F.Eckert (1964: 370) (Figs 43–46)</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 25–30 μm, breadth 20–23 μm, 4–5 μm isthmus</p> <p>Habitat characteristics: River; quiet and warm waters, associated to filamentous algae.</p> <p>Material examined: HUEFS 244148.</p> <p>Notes: Taxon rare, reported only from the type locality in Goiás State, in central-western Brazil (Förster 1964). It differs from the nominate variety by semicells not having a central pore. Another striking feature of this taxon is its cell wall thickening, which is quite visible on the margins in frontal view.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCFFFC9FF7DD4F5FC7A2586	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCFFFC9FF7DD5B1FC86272E.text	FB1D87F6FFCFFFC9FF7DD5B1FC86272E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micrasterias arcuata var. perforata Kurt Forst. & F. Eckert 1964	<div><p>Micrasterias arcuata var. perforata Kurt Först. &amp; F.Eckert (1964: 373) (Figs 47–50)</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 42–45 μm, breadth 37–40 μm, apical lobe 25 μm, isthmus 10–12 μm.</p> <p>Habitat characteristics: River; quiet and warm waters, associated to filamentous algae.</p> <p>Material examined: HUEFS 244148.</p> <p>Notes: Taxon rare, reported only in the original publication (Förster 1964), occurring in Serra da das Almas, between the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais, Brazil. We observed slight morphological variations in the basal lobe during our analyses, ranging from straight to slightly curved (the latter more common). Additionally, we found an elliptic zygospore identical to that reported by Förster (1964).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCFFFC9FF7DD5B1FC86272E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCFFFC9FF7DD719FB472366.text	FB1D87F6FFCFFFC9FF7DD719FB472366.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare G. J. P. Ramos & C. W. N. Moura 2019	<div><p>Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare G.J.P.Ramos &amp; C.W.N.Moura, var. nov. (Figs 51–54)</p> <p>Diagnosis— This variety differs from the nominate variety by having a semicircular outline, with lateral lobes broadly rounded, whereas M. jenneri var. jenneri has an oblong outline and lateral lobes concave. Another difference from the nominate variety is the incision between the lateral lobes that is about the same size as the incision between the apical and basal lobes, being shorter in the nominate variety</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 145–165 μm, breadth 109–123 μm, apical lobe 32–64 μm, isthmus 32–36 μm.</p> <p>Holotype: material numbered (HUEFS 244148!) deposited at Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, population illustrated here in LM (Figs 51–54).</p> <p>Etymology: The epithet refers to semicircular outline of the cells.</p> <p>Type locality and habitat characteristics: Collected at “Vale do Capão”, Palmeiras, Bahia state, Brazil. Lat. 12º 30’ 31” S, Long. 41º 29’ 10” W. Sample collected by G. J. P.Ramos s/n (HUEFS 244148) on 26 February 2017. Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare occurred in periphyton, with quiet and warm waters, associated to filamentous algae.</p> <p>Notes: Micrasterias jenneri Ralfs (1848: 76) has been rarely reported in floristic studies in South America, and the few existing records are from material collected in Brazil (Bicudo &amp; Ventrice 1968, Bicudo &amp; Picelli-Vicentim 1988, Moresco et al. 2009, Bicudo et al. 2015), and generally identified as Micrasterias jenneri var. simplex West (1890: 287).</p> <p>Tomaszewicz (1977) and Sormus (1991) discussed the relationships between the nominate variety and var. simplex, and concluded that the latter variety is a developing morphological expression (i.e., an immature form) of the former, in which the lateral lobes have not undergone a division process. Currently, Micrasterias jenneri var. simplex is considered a taxonomic synonym of Micrasterias jenneri Ralfs (Guiry &amp; Guiry 2018).</p> <p>Regarding the new variety, Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare, a population analysis (ca. 50 specimens examined) indicated that the semicircular outline, broadly rounded in the lateral lobes, is consistent and distinct from the nominate variety (which has an oblong outline) described by Ralfs. The lateral lobes are also slightly different, being more concave in the nominate variety than in var. semicirculare. We therefore consider those features sufficient to propose this taxon as a new variety.</p> <p>Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare can be confused with M. denticulata Brébisson ex Ralfs (1848: 70), although the latter differs mainly by having lateral subdivided into lobules of the third or fourth order.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCFFFC9FF7DD719FB472366	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFCFFFC7FF7DD3D1FBF12683.text	FB1D87F6FFCFFFC7FF7DD3D1FBF12683.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micrasterias torreyi var. pseudocurvata G. J. P. Ramos & C. W. N. Moura 2019	<div><p>Micrasterias torreyi var. pseudocurvata G.J.P.Ramos &amp; C.W.N.Moura, var. nov. (Figs 55–57)</p> <p>Diagnosis— This variety is similar to var. curvata, differing from the latter by having more robust lobes, almost straight, with tiny spines of similar sizes.</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 290–300 μm, breadth 230–240 μm, apical lobe 40–50 μm, isthmus 50–60 μm.</p> <p>Holotype: material numbered (HUEFS 244150!) deposited at Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, population illustrated here in LM (Figs 55–57).</p> <p>Etymology: The epithet refers to similarity with Micrasterias torreyi var. curvata</p> <p>Type locality and habitat characteristics: Collected at “Rio das Pedras”, Piatã, Bahia state, Brazil. Lat. 13° 05’ 48” S, Long. 41° 51’ 02” W. Sample collected by G. J. P.Ramos, C. W. N. Moura, F. M. Costa and M. A. Santos s/n (HUEFS 244150) on 13 July 2017. Micrasterias torreyi var. pseudocurvata occurred in periphyton; water temperature 19ºC, pH 7.2, conductivity 20 μS. cm-1, dissolved oxygen 7.3 mg.L- 1.</p> <p>Notes: The discriminating features of Micrasterias torreyi var. pseudocurvata are certainly the presence of more robust lobes, slightly curved, with straight margins, and with tiny spines of equal sizes. The morphologically closest taxa, M. torreyi var. curvata Willi Krieg. (1939: 98), has tapered lobes, and more curved and spines of unequal sizes. Those curved morphological expressions of Micrasterias apparently are typical of the tropical region (e.g., Micrasterias doveri var. africana Bourr. [1961: 337]), although they have rarely been documented in floristic studies in Brazil. Micrasterias torreyi var. curvata, for example, has confirmed records only in the states of Mato Grosso (Krieger 1939), São Paulo (Bicudo &amp; Sormus 1982), and Amazonas (Krieger 1939, Melo et al. 2009).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFCFFFC7FF7DD3D1FBF12683	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFC1FFC7FF7DD68AFEE22053.text	FB1D87F6FFC1FFC7FF7DD68AFEE22053.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Staurastrum serriforme Borgesen 1891	<div><p>Staurastrum serriforme Børgesen (1891: 45) (Figs 58–62)</p> <p>Cell dimensions: length 28–33 μm, breadth 19–21 μm, isthmus 11–12 μm</p> <p>Habitat characteristics: Ephemeral puddle in the mountain.</p> <p>Material examined: HUEFS 244147.</p> <p>Notes: A rare species, apparently endemic to Brazil, described by Børgesen (1891) from material collected in the region of São Paulo State. This species also occurs in states of Rio de Janeiro (Krieger 1950) and Bahia (Förster 1964), although Förster did not specify in which municipalities the samples were collected. A common feature among all of these records is the habitat type, with all samples being from mountainous regions—such as the present record from Pico das Almas. The main features of this species are the 8-radiated subspherical cell in apical view with double rings of 4–7 tiny spines.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFC1FFC7FF7DD68AFEE22053	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
FB1D87F6FFC1FFC7FF7DD0DAFB4422F7.text	FB1D87F6FFC1FFC7FF7DD0DAFB4422F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetmemorus furcatus G. J. P. Ramos & C. W. N. Moura 2019	<div><p>Tetmemorus furcatus G.J.P.Ramos &amp; C.W.N.Moura, sp. nov. (Figs 63–65)</p> <p>Cell distinctly longer than wide; cell outline roughly cylindrical, median constriction shallow; cell fusiform, lateral margins smooth, slightly concave, converging toward the apices, apical margin bifurcate, with an incision deep, open, V-shaped; cell wall smooth, finely punctuated; semicells circular in apical view, fusiform in lateral view. Cell dimensions: length 85–96 μm, width 26–28 μm, isthmus 23–26 μm.</p> <p>Holotype: material numbered (HUEFS 244148!) deposited at Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, population illustrated here in LM (Figs 63–65).</p> <p>Etymology: The epithet refers of furcate incision in the apices of semicells.</p> <p>Type locality and habitat characteristics: Collected at “Vale do Capão”, Palmeiras, Bahia state, Brazil. Lat. 12º 30’ 31” S, Long. 41º 29’ 10” W. Sample collected by G. J. P.Ramos s/n (HUEFS 244148) on 26 February 2017. Tetmemorus furcatus occurred in periphyton, with quiet and warm waters, associated to filamentous algae.</p> <p>Notes: The main diagnostic feature of this new species is the presence of a bifurcate incision (V-shaped) in the apices. The morphologically closest taxon to the new species is Tetmemorus granulatus var. attenuatus West (1892: 132), which differs by having apices with a closed mid incision, in addition to larger cell dimensions (4–4.6 times longer than wide). T. furcatus also has somewhat more turgid cells than the other Tetmemorus species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1D87F6FFC1FFC7FF7DD0DAFB4422F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto;Costa, Fabiana De Matos;Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos;Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento	Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Santos, Maria Aparecida Dos, Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento (2019): Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil. Phytotaxa 391 (3): 185-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.391.3.2
