taxonID	type	description	language	source
FB23B70BB557FFECAD99F881FE00FD08.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL, Pernambuco, Tamandaré, ‘ Reserva Biológica de Saltinho’ (8.4334 S 35.1028 W), isolated from rhizospheric soil of a greenhouse pot culture and grown on Zea mays at UFPE in Recife, April 2015, C. M. R. Pereira (URM 87964). Sporiferous saccules hyaline, formed at the end of mycelial hyphae. Saccule termini globose to subglobose, 70 – 100 × 65 – 95 Μm, with 1 – 2 wall layers (1.3 – 2.6 Μm thick). Saccule necks 16 – 28 Μm broad at the saccule termini tapering to 6 – 12 Μm towards the mycelium. Spores form laterally on the saccule necks, 50 – 140 Μm from the saccule termini. They are yellow white to light yellow to creamy, globose to subglobose, 69 – 100 (– 110) × 65 – 93 (– 101) Μm, and have three walls. Outer wall consists of three layers (OWL 1 – OWL 3). OWL 1 hyaline to subhyaline, 0.7 – 1.7 Μm thick, evanescent to semi-persistent and has a roughened surface due to the presence of small papillae (0.5 – 1.1 Μm in diameter, 0.5 – 1.2 Μm high, and in 0.5 – 1.1 Μm distance to each other). OWL 2 yellow-white to light yellow to creamy, laminated, 1.7 – 4.3 Μm thick. OWL 3 concolorous with OWL 2, about 0.5 – 1.1 Μm thick. None of the OW layers stains in Melzer’s reagent. Cicatrix on OWL 2 and by OWL 3 is 7.0 – 10.8 × 6.5 – 8.7 Μm wide. Middle wall hyaline, bi-layered and 1.0 – 2.1 Μm thick. MWL 1 and MWL 2 are tightly adherent to each other. None of the MW layers stains in Melzer’s reagent. Inner wall is hyaline, with two to three layers. IWL 1 is about 0.5 – 1.1 Μm thick with a ‘ beaded’, granular structure that often disappears in lactic acid-based mountants. IWL 2 is 0.6 – 2.4 Μm thick and regularly stains pinkish purple to dark purple in Melzer’s reagent. IWL 3 is very thin (<0.8 Μm). Mycorrhiza formation with arbuscules, vesicles, and intra- and extra-radical hyphae that stain dark blue in 0.05 % trypan blue.	en	Pereira, Camilla M. R., Maia, Leonor C., Sánchez-Castro, Iván, Palenzuela, Javier, Silva, Danielle K. A., Sudová, Radka, Kolaříková, Zuzana, Rydlová, Jana, Čtvrtlíková, Martina, Goto, Bruno T., Silva, Gladstone A., Oehl, Fritz (2016): Acaulospora papillosa, a new mycorrhizal fungus from NE Brazil, and Acaulospora rugosa from Norway. Phytotaxa 260 (1): 14-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2
FB23B70BB557FFECAD99F881FE00FD08.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — papillosa refers to the papillae structure responsible for the rough appearance of the spore surface. Habitat: — rhizospheric soil in Tropical Atlantic rainforest.	en	Pereira, Camilla M. R., Maia, Leonor C., Sánchez-Castro, Iván, Palenzuela, Javier, Silva, Danielle K. A., Sudová, Radka, Kolaříková, Zuzana, Rydlová, Jana, Čtvrtlíková, Martina, Goto, Bruno T., Silva, Gladstone A., Oehl, Fritz (2016): Acaulospora papillosa, a new mycorrhizal fungus from NE Brazil, and Acaulospora rugosa from Norway. Phytotaxa 260 (1): 14-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2
FB23B70BB557FFECAD99F881FE00FD08.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — known only from the type locality.	en	Pereira, Camilla M. R., Maia, Leonor C., Sánchez-Castro, Iván, Palenzuela, Javier, Silva, Danielle K. A., Sudová, Radka, Kolaříková, Zuzana, Rydlová, Jana, Čtvrtlíková, Martina, Goto, Bruno T., Silva, Gladstone A., Oehl, Fritz (2016): Acaulospora papillosa, a new mycorrhizal fungus from NE Brazil, and Acaulospora rugosa from Norway. Phytotaxa 260 (1): 14-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2
FB23B70BB557FFECAD99F881FE00FD08.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: — BRAZIL, Pernambuco, Tamandaré, ‘ Reserva Biológica de Saltinho’, June 2015, isotype (URM 87965), isotype (URM 87966), paratype (URM 87967), paratype (URM 87968) and isotype (ZT Myc 55192). Molecular and phylogenetic analyses: — The phylogenetic analyses from the ITS and LSU sequence data placed the new fungus in a separate clade within the Acaulosporaceae, close to A. longula (LSU rDNA; Fig. 10) and A. morrowiae (ITS rDNA; Fig. 11). The support values for the clade of the new species were above 75 % in all analyses. For the whole ‘ Krüger fragment’ (Krüger et al. 2009), A. papillosa is placed within the Acaulospora longula / morrowiae / mellea ‘ complex’, clearly separated from these species with support values> 95 % in all analyses applied (data not shown). In the BLASTn analysis, the environmental LSU and ITS rDNA sequence with a closest match (97 %) to A. papillosa was recovered from roots of maize (KF 849639) in an agricultural experiment in Guangzhou, China (Zeng et al. 2014).	en	Pereira, Camilla M. R., Maia, Leonor C., Sánchez-Castro, Iván, Palenzuela, Javier, Silva, Danielle K. A., Sudová, Radka, Kolaříková, Zuzana, Rydlová, Jana, Čtvrtlíková, Martina, Goto, Bruno T., Silva, Gladstone A., Oehl, Fritz (2016): Acaulospora papillosa, a new mycorrhizal fungus from NE Brazil, and Acaulospora rugosa from Norway. Phytotaxa 260 (1): 14-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2
FB23B70BB553FFECAD99FCF3FAF7F888.taxon	description	Sporiferous saccules hyaline, formed at the end of mycelial hyphae. Saccule termini globose to subglobose, 90 – 125 × 85 – 118 Μm, with 1 – 2 wall layers (1.3 – 2.8 Μm thick). Saccule necks 18 – 32 Μm broad at the saccule termini tapering to 6 – 14 Μm towards the mycelium. Spores form laterally on the saccule necks, in 60 – 140 Μm from the saccule termini. They are yellow white to light yellow (straw), globose to subglobose, (49 –) 71 – 110 (– 120) × 68 – 108 (– 115) Μm, and have three walls. Outer wall consists of three layers (OWL 1 – OWL 3). OWL 1 hyaline to subhyaline, 0.7 – 1.7 Μm thick, evanescent to semi-persistent and has a wrinkled (rippled) surface due to the presence of innumerous folds (2 – 10 Μm in depth, 5 – 30 Μm in length, and an irregular distance to each other). OWL 1 sometimes ballooning, and thus partly or completely separating from OWL 2. OWL 2 yellow-white to light yellow (straw), laminated, 1.3 – 3.8 Μm thick. OWL 3 concolorous with OWL 2, about 0.5 – 1.0 Μm thick. None of the OW layers stains in Melzer’s reagent. Cicatrix on OWL 2 and by OWL 3 is 6.0 – 11 Μm wide. Middle wall hyaline, bi-layered and 1.0 – 1.7 Μm thick. MWL 1 and MWL 2 are tightly adherent to each other. None of the MW layers stains in Melzer’s reagent. Inner wall is hyaline, with two to three layers. IWL 1 is about 0.5 – 1.1 Μm thick with a ‘ beaded’, granular structure that often disappears in lactic acid-based mountants. IWL 2 is 1.0 – 2.5 Μm thick and regularly stains pinkish purple to dark purple in Melzer’s reagent. IWL 3 is very thin (<0.8 Μm). Mycorrhiza formation with arbuscules, vesicles, and intra- and extraradical hyphae that stain dark blue in 0.05 % trypan blue.	en	Pereira, Camilla M. R., Maia, Leonor C., Sánchez-Castro, Iván, Palenzuela, Javier, Silva, Danielle K. A., Sudová, Radka, Kolaříková, Zuzana, Rydlová, Jana, Čtvrtlíková, Martina, Goto, Bruno T., Silva, Gladstone A., Oehl, Fritz (2016): Acaulospora papillosa, a new mycorrhizal fungus from NE Brazil, and Acaulospora rugosa from Norway. Phytotaxa 260 (1): 14-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2
FB23B70BB553FFECAD99FCF3FAF7F888.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Acaulospora rugosa was originally discovered in strongly acidic rhizosphere soil of Andropogon virginicus in an abandoned coalmine in West Virginia (USA, Morton 1986). The current population was recovered from acidic rhizospheric sediments of Drivenesvatn Lake (southern Norway), dominated by Lobelia dortmanna and Isoëtes echinospora.	en	Pereira, Camilla M. R., Maia, Leonor C., Sánchez-Castro, Iván, Palenzuela, Javier, Silva, Danielle K. A., Sudová, Radka, Kolaříková, Zuzana, Rydlová, Jana, Čtvrtlíková, Martina, Goto, Bruno T., Silva, Gladstone A., Oehl, Fritz (2016): Acaulospora papillosa, a new mycorrhizal fungus from NE Brazil, and Acaulospora rugosa from Norway. Phytotaxa 260 (1): 14-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2
FB23B70BB553FFECAD99FCF3FAF7F888.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined — NORWAY, Vest-Agder, Drivenesvatn Lake (58.1732 N 7.5546 E); collected from a single species culture, 8 April 2013, R. Sudová and F. Oehl (ZT Myc 55212, at Z + ZT). Molecular and phylogenetic analyses: — Molecular analyses and phylogenetic results place A. rugosa close to A. delicata (ITS; Fig. 10) and A. mellea (LSU; Fig. 11). The BLASTn analysis of the LSU rDNA fragment revealed several environmental sequences close to A. rugosa. Sequences from Miscanthus sinensis and Lotus japonicus roots collected in Hokkaido, Japan (An et al. 2008, Cheng et al. 2013), presented 99 % (AB 369791) and 98 % of similarity (AB 369788, AB 369790, AB 369792, AB 547184). Sequences from Hedera rhombea and Rubus parvifolius roots (Ahulu et al. 2006, 2007) also were close to A. rugosa (98 % of similarity). ITS sequence data from aquatic macrophyte roots (AM 420373, AM 420378) collected in the Netherlands (Baar et al. 2011) had 97 – 98 % similarity to A. rugosa.	en	Pereira, Camilla M. R., Maia, Leonor C., Sánchez-Castro, Iván, Palenzuela, Javier, Silva, Danielle K. A., Sudová, Radka, Kolaříková, Zuzana, Rydlová, Jana, Čtvrtlíková, Martina, Goto, Bruno T., Silva, Gladstone A., Oehl, Fritz (2016): Acaulospora papillosa, a new mycorrhizal fungus from NE Brazil, and Acaulospora rugosa from Norway. Phytotaxa 260 (1): 14-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.2
