taxonID	type	description	language	source
FA5487E1FFB37D4FEC880F235F73FCEB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Species differ from other congeners by the long, digitiform apical segment of PLS and broadlytipped embolus with a subapical membranous flange. Medium-sized to large nemesiids with carapace length 6 – 8 mm. Eye tubercle relatively low, small. Chelicerae without mound and rastellum. Maxillae rectangular, unmodified. Numerous maxillary cuspules arranged in wide triangular area. Sternal sigilla moderately small, submarginal. In males, palpal tibia moderately long, cylindrical. Cymbium not shortened; palpal bulb with relatively small subtegulum; tegulum with short characteristic broadly-tipped embolus. Male legs long, but more stout than slender, without long modified hairs. Male tibia I with two retroventral megaspines more or less widely spaced. In males, genital area covered with numerous and large epiandrous fusillae. Two pairs of spinnerets: PMS relatively large, functional; PLS long with apical segment equal to basal or longer. Adult females are unknown. Species included: R. redikorzevi (Spassky 1937) and R. caudata sp. n.	en	Zonstein, Sergei (2009): A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2217: 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189956
FA5487E1FFB37D4CEC880DE359C0FC0E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: 3, western slope of Mt Astana, highest point of Pyandzh Karatau Mt. Ridge (1701 m), 1.5 km SW of summit, forested bottom of rocky canyon at altitude 1020 m, 37 ° 22 ' 49 " N 69 ° 12 ' 50 " E, South Tajikistan, 24. IV. 1991, leg. S. V. Ovchinnikov (TAUI). Additional material examined: TAJIKISTAN: Aruktau Mts., surroundings of Gandzhina, 700 - 800 m, 37 ° 58 ' N 68 ° 34 ' E, 16. IV. 1968, leg. V. F. Bakhvalov, 1 juv. (TAUI); Vakhsh Karatau Mt. Ridge, 3 km NW Mt Khodzhamaston, 940 m, 38 ° 01 ' 22 " N 68 ° 56 ' 50 " E, 21. IV. 1989, leg. S. L. Zonstein 13 (TAUI).	en	Zonstein, Sergei (2009): A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2217: 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189956
FA5487E1FFB37D4CEC880DE359C0FC0E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: The new species differs from R. redikorzevi by the almost indistinct dorsal abdominal pattern and the leg tarsi lack laterodistal tufts of scopuliform hairs. Males of R. caudata sp. n. differ from those of R. redikorzevi by their relatively longer legs, broader spaced megaspines, more slender palpal tibia and cymbium, and shorter embolus as well as by details of the embolic keel and tip.	en	Zonstein, Sergei (2009): A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2217: 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189956
FA5487E1FFB37D4CEC880DE359C0FC0E.taxon	description	Description: (male holotype). Total body length including chelicerae 19.30. Color in alcohol: carapace (Fig. 1), palps and legs dark brownish-rufous; carapace with numerous dense and partially fused lighter polkadots on slightly darker background; eye tubercle with central and two symmetrical lateral brownish-black spots surrounding AME and lateral eyes respectively; chelicerae brownish-red; sternum, labium and maxillae light brown; metatarsi and tarsi gradually lighten toward apices; entire abdomen light yellowish gray, dorsally with almost indistinct darker pattern represented by few very weakly developed pairs of posteriorly-inclined grayish fasciae; spinnerets uniformly light yellowish gray. Carapace: length 7.13, width 6.27, covered, except marginal setae, with sparse short and thin brownish-black bristles, and with relatively scarce pubescence consisting of very short, tiny and adpressed brownish-black hairs. Clypeus narrow. Eye tubercle moderately high, occupies ca. 0.35 of clypeus width. Ratio of AME, ALE, PLE, PME: 16, 28, 16, 12. Interspaces: AME – AME 16, ALE – AME 6, ALE – PLE 6, PLE – PME 4, PME – PME 43. Thoracic fovea short and straight. Chelicerae: furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 5 mesobasal denticles. Labium (Fig. 3): length 0.57, width 1.26; cuspules absent. Maxillae (Fig. 3): 52 – 57 cuspules in large triangle area; serrula absent. Sternum (Fig. 3): length 3.52, width 3.21. Paired sternal sigillae small, rounded, submarginal. Legs. Measurements (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total, mm). Palp: 4.23, 2.27, 3.46, –, 1.35, 11.31. I: 6.32, 3.65, 5.03, 5.27, 3.10, 23.37. II: 6.22, 3.23, 4.98, 5.02, 3.03, 22.48. III: 5.55, 2.88, 4.10, 5.87, 3.27, 21.67. IV: 6.97, 3.25, 5.53, 7.70, 3.73, 27.18. Spination. Palp: Fm d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, pd 1 – 2, rd 1 – 1; Pt p 1 – 1; Tb d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, p 1 – 1 – 1, r 1 – 1, v 1 – 1 – 1 – 1; Tr d 5 (6). Leg I: Fm d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, pd 1 – 1 – 1, rd 1 – 1 – 1; Pt p 1 – 1; Tb p 2 (1) – 1 (0), v 2 – 1 – 1 – m – m + 1 (0); Mt v 1. Leg II: Fm d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, pd 1 – 1 – 1; Pt p 1 – 1; Tb p 1 – 1 – 1, v 3 (2) – 2 (1) – 3; Mt p 1; v 2 – 2 – 2. Leg III: Fm d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, pd 1 – 1 – 1, rd 1 – 1 – 1; Pt p 1 – 1, r 1; Tb d 1 – 1, p 1 – 1, r 1 – 1, v 2 – 1 (2) – 3 (2); Mt d 1 – 1, p 1 – 1 – 1, r 1 – 1, v 2 – 2 (1) – 1 – 3. Leg IV: Fm d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, pd 1 – 1 – 1 – 1 (0), rd 1 – 1 – 1; Pt p 1 – 1, r 1; Tb d 1 – 1 (0) – 1, p 1 – 1 – 1, r 1 (0) – 1 – 1, v 2 – 2 – 3; Mt d 1 – 1 – 1, p 1 – 1 – 1, r 1 – 1 – 1, v 2 – 1 – 1 – 1 (0) – 2 – 3. Megaspines more or less widely spaced (Fig. 5). Leg tarsi aspinose. Scopula: distal 1 / 3 on metatarsi I – II, entire on tarsi I – II, widely divided by setae on tarsi III, absent on tarsi IV. Paired claws: outer and inner margins with 8 – 11 teeth each. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 12 on tibiae, 13 – 15 on metatarsi, 15 – 18 on tarsi, 9 – 10 on cymbium. Palpus (Fig. 8). Genital area with ca. 60 large epiandrous fusillae. PMS: length 0.75; diameter 0.28. PLS: maximal diameter 0.65; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.22, 0.85, 1.23; total length 3.30; apical segment digitiform. Female: Unknown. Variability: Carapace length in males varies from 7.13 – 7.50. The difference in the coloration between both males is almost indistinct.	en	Zonstein, Sergei (2009): A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2217: 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189956
FA5487E1FFB37D4CEC880DE359C0FC0E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from Latin caudatus – long-tailed; it emphasizes the length of the PMS, which are unusually long for the congeners.	en	Zonstein, Sergei (2009): A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2217: 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189956
FA5487E1FFB37D4CEC880DE359C0FC0E.taxon	distribution	Distribution: South Tajikistan: foothills and low mountains surrounding and bordering Tajik depression. Ecology: The species inhabits open low forest biotopes (Pistacea vera L., Acer spp., Amygdalus spp., Cercis griffithii Boiss.). Males were found under rocks, the only juvenile specimen was found, according to the original label data, inside a gerbil's burrow.	en	Zonstein, Sergei (2009): A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2217: 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189956
FA5487E1FFB07D4BEC880A5F5E3DFD8D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: 3, Akar-Cheshme (Turkmenistan), 24. IV. 1936, leg. L. Freiberg, 3 (ZISP, examined). Additional material examined: TURKMENISTAN: surroundings of Akar-Cheshme well, western piedmont part of Badkhyz plateau, 850 m, 35 ° 47 ' N 61 ° 28 ' E, 16. IV. 1985, leg. S. L. Zonstein, 1 3 (TAUI); Kyzyl-Dzhar ravine, south-eastern border of Badkhyz plateau, 600 m, 35 ° 49 ' N 61 ° 51 ' E, III. 1978, leg. G. T. Kuznetzov, 33 (TAUI); the same locality, 11. IV. 1993, leg. D. A. Milko, 13 (TAUI); Kepele well, central part of Badkhyz plateau, 700 m, 35 ° 48 ' N 61 ° 33 ' E, III. 1980, leg. R. E. Zlotin, 23 (TAUI); the same data but 16. IV. 1984, 23, 1 ♀ subad. (TAUI); surroundings of Nardevanly spring, Zulfagar Mts., 1100 m, 35 ° 47 ’ N 61 ° 21 ’ E, 13. IV. 1993, leg. S. L. Zonstein, 2 3 (TAUI).	en	Zonstein, Sergei (2009): A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2217: 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189956
FA5487E1FFB07D4BEC880A5F5E3DFD8D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Differs from R. caudata sp. n. by the well-developed dorsal abdominal pattern, even longer apical segment of PLS, and by possessing laterodistal tufts of scopuliform hairs on leg tarsi I – IV. Males of R. redikorzevi can be distinguished from males of R. caudata sp. n. by their noticeably stouter but long legs, closer spaced megaspines, stouter palpal tibia and cymbium, longer embolus as well as by details of the embolic keel and tip. Redescription: (conspecific male from type locality). Total body length including chelicerae 17.40. Color in alcohol (Fig. 2): carapace, palps and legs including femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsus I and cymbium brownish-orange; eye tubercle weakly darkened, with dark brown spot surrounding AME and narrow brownish fasciae edging other eyes; chelicerae rufous-red; sternum, labium, maxillae, metatarsi II – IV and tarsi I – IV light brownish-rufous; abdomen light yellowish brown, dorsally with diffuse brown pattern consisting of broad median lanceolate spot crossed and fused with few more or less broad irregularly shaped transverse fasciae; spinnerets pale yellowish-brown. Carapace: length 8.07, width 7.43; except for marginal setae, covered with tiny adpressed dark-brown and discolored hairs. Clypeus moderately narrow. Eye tubercle relatively low, occupies about 0.34 of clypeus width. Ratio of AME, ALE, PLE, PME: 20, 35, 19, 16. Interspaces: AME-AME 20.5, ALE-AME 13, ALE-PLE 12, PLE-PME 8, PME-PME 54. Thoracic fovea short, straight. Chelicerae: furrow with 10 promarginal teeth and 5 – 6 mesobasal denticles. Labium (Fig. 4): length 0.70, width 1.49; cuspules absent. Maxillae (Fig. 4): 26 – 27 cuspules in large triangle area, serrula absent. Sternum (Fig. 4): length 3.74, width 3.45. Paired sternal sigillae small, rounded, submarginal. Legs. Measurements (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total, mm). Palp: 4.70, 2.67, 4.38, –, 1.43, 13.18. I: 7.32, 3.97, 5.35, 5.51, 3.28, 25.43. II: 7.03, 3.68, 5.04, 5.23, 3.20, 24.18. III: 6.33, 3.05, 4.37, 6.07, 3.15, 22.97. IV: 7.82, 3.53, 5.78, 7.93, 3.72, 28.78. Spination. Palp: Fm d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, pd 1 – 1, rd 1 (0) – 1; Pt p 1 – 1; Tb d 1 – 1 – 1, p 1 – 1 – 1, r 1 – 1 – 1, v 2 – 1 – 1 – 2; Tr d 4 (5). Leg I: Fm d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, pd 1 – 1 – 1, rd 1 – 1 – 1; Pt p 1 – 1; Tb pI – 1 – 1, r 1 – 1 – 0, v 3 – 1 – 1 – m – m; Mt v 2. Leg II: Fm d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, pd 1 – 1 – 1, rd 1 – 1 – 1; Pt p 1 – 1; Tb p 1 – 1 – 1, r 1 – 0 – 0, v 3 (2) – 1 – 1 (0) – 1 – 2; Mt d 0 – 0 – 1, p 1 – 1 – 1; v 2 – 2 – 3. Leg III: Fm d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, pd 1 – 1 – 1, rd 1 – 1 – 1; Pt p 1 – 1 – 1, r 1; Tb d 1 – 1 – 1, p 1 – 1 – 1, r 1 – 1 – 1, v 2 (3) – 2 – 3; Mt d 1 – 0 – 0, pd 1 – 1 – 1, p 1 – 1 – 1, r 1 – 1 – 1, v 2 – 1 – 2 – 3. Leg IV: Fm d 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, pd 1 – 1 – 1 – 1 (0), rd 1 – 1 – 1 – 1; Pt p 1 – 1, r 1; Tb d 1 (2) – 1 – 1, p 1 – 1 – 1, r 1 – 1 – 1, v 3 – 2 – 3; Mt d 1 – 0 – 0, pd 1 – 1, p 1 – 1 – 1 – 1, r 1 – 1 – 1, v 2 – 1 – 1 – 2 – 3. Megaspines respectively close set (Fig. 7). Leg tarsi aspinose. Scopula: distal 1 / 3 on metatarsi I – II, entire on tarsi I – II, divided by setae on tarsi III, widely divided on tarsi IV; leg tarsi apically with dense lateral tufts of scopuliform hairs. Paired claws: outer and inner margins with 9 – 11 teeth each. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9 – 12 on tibiae, 15 – 19 on metatarsi, 19 – 24 on tarsi, 9 – 10 on cymbium. Palpus (Fig. 9). Genital area with about 40 large epiandrous fusillae. Spinnerets. PMS: length 0.78; diameter 0.34. PLS: maximal diameter 0.63; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.40, 1.03, 1.62; total length 4.05; apical segment digitiform.	en	Zonstein, Sergei (2009): A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2217: 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189956
FA5487E1FFB07D4BEC880A5F5E3DFD8D.taxon	description	Female: Only one subadult female collected hitherto was examined. Coloration, eye ratio and arrangement, and shape of spinnerets do not differ principally from conspecific males. Configuration of spermathecae and other adult female characters remain unknown. Variability: Carapace length in males varies from 6.25 – 8.20. In some specimens, independently of their size, the distal abdominal pattern may be noticeably darker and more contrasting than the most widespread variant (Fig. 2).	en	Zonstein, Sergei (2009): A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2217: 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189956
FA5487E1FFB07D4BEC880A5F5E3DFD8D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: South Turkmenistan: Badkhyz plateau, including its western mountainous border (Zulfagar Mts.). Ecology: The species inhabits open low forest of Pistacea vera L. and mountainous steppes; wandering males occur under rocks. The subadult female and males collected by R. E. Zlotin (Research Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow) were captured when he investigated burrows of gerbils and tortillas, at that one male was found inside a burrow 240 cm deep (Dr. Roman Zlotin, pers. com.).	en	Zonstein, Sergei (2009): A review of the mygalomorph spiders of the Raveniola caudata species-group (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 2217: 37-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189956
