identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C42706563D605A5FA983098194EFDA69.text	C42706563D605A5FA983098194EFDA69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urocleidoides boulengerellae de Freitas & Bezerra & Meneses & Justo & Viana & Cohen 2021	<div><p>Urocleidoides boulengerellae sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4–11, 31, 32</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Boulengerella cuvieri (Spix &amp; Agassiz) ( Ctenoluciidae).</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Tocantins River (8 ° 22 ' 55.9 ' S; 48 ° 07 ' 04.4 ' W), near the municipality of Tupiratins, state of Tocantins, Brazil.</p><p>Other localities.</p><p>Arraias River (12 ° 37 ' 52.3 ' S; 47 ° 08 ' 11.2 ' W), close to the municipality of Babaçulândia, state of Tocantins; Tocantins River (6 ° 32 ' 24.53 ' S; 47 ° 27 ' 0.75 ' W), close to the municipalities of Aguiarnópolis and Estreito; at the mouth of the Itaueiras River (6 ° 29 ' 58.73 ' S; 47 ° 25 ' 27.48 ' W), in the municipality of Estreito, state of Maranhão, Brazil.</p><p>Infestation parameters.</p><p>Total number of hosts: 32; prevalence: 91 %; total number of parasites: 876; mean intensity: 30.2 ± 26.5; range of intensity: 2–113.</p><p>Deposited material.</p><p>Holotype: CHIOC: 39560, paratypes: CHIOC 39561, 39562 a-c, 39563 a-b, 39564 a-b, 39565, 39566; INPA 833, 834.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Based on 137 specimens: 9 mounted in Gomori's trichrome and 128 mounted in Hoyers' medium: Body fusiform, delicate, 310–530 (363; n = 24) long, 63–140 (102; n = 27) wide. Tegument smooth. Cephalic region with 2 lateral lobes and 2 anterolateral slightly developed; four bilateral pairs of head organs. Eyespots absent; accessory chromatic granules present in cephalic area, Mouth subterminal, midventral; Pharynx muscular, spherical; esophagus short; two intestinal caeca, posteriorly confluent to gonads, lacking diverticula. Haptor sub-hexagonal, presenting ventral anchors connected by ventral bar and dorsal anchors connected by dorsal bar, 62–112 (94; n = 13) wide (Fig. 4). Ventral anchor with well-developed roots: protruding superficial root, rectangular in shape, deep root distally round, straight shaft and acute point, 26–44 (35; n = 43) long, base 13–26 (17; n = 31) (Fig. 8); dorsal anchor with developed roots, straight shaft and long point, 23–30 (28; n = 33) long, base 10–21 (12; n = 30) (Fig. 9). Ventral bar straight and robust, with anteromedian groove and slight protuberances at the end, 35–45 (39; n = 27) long (Fig. 10). Dorsal bar recurved, 32–40 (37; n = 14) long, with a long posteromedian projection, 9–15 (12; n = 24) long (Fig. 11). Seven pairs of marginal hooks present, ancyrocephaline distribution, five pairs ventral and two dorsal. Hooks similar in shape; pairs 1 and 5 slightly smaller than other pairs: each with protruded thumb, curved point, straight shank, and very short filamentous hook loop about 1 / 6 shank length (Fig. 7). Pair 1, 10–22 (16; n = 15) long, pair 2, 18–30 (23; n = 24) long, pair 3, 19–38 (24; n = 37) long, pair 4, 16–36 (24; n = 38) long, pair 5, 15–25 (19; n = 9) long, pair 6, 20–33 (29; n = 23) long, pair 7, 16–27 (18; n = 10) long. Copulatory complex comprising male copulatory organ (MCO) and non-articulated accessory piece. MCO with 2–3 counterclockwise rings, base with flange, 61–131 (95; n = 17). Accessory piece comprising a robust Y-shaped unit and a sheath-like unit (Figs 6, 31). Testes dorsal to germarium; seminal vesicle a distal dilation of vas deferens; single prostatic reservoir present. Germarium elongated (Fig. 4). Vaginal canal a highly sclerotized tube, which coils around vaginal sclerite, connected with seminal receptacle, located anteriorly to germarium; vaginal opening ventrolateral, sinistral; vaginal sclerite present, robust, sinistral, composed of straight rod distally hooked, with a short subterminal projection, 38–50 (41; n = 11) (Figs 5, 32). Eggs, Mehlis' glands and ootype not observed. Vitellaria present, distributed throughout the body, except in area of reproductive organs (Fig. 4).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>the specific name refers to the scientific name of the host.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The new species is allocated in Urocleidoides by the presence of vaginal sclerite, MCO with counterclockwise rings and pairs 1 and 5 reduced in size. Urocleidoides boulengerellae sp. nov. can be differentiated from all other species of the genus mainly by the morphology of the copulatory complex and through the highly sclerotized vaginal canal. Urocleidoides boulengerellae sp. nov. is most similar to Urocleidoides neotropicalis Mendoza-Franco &amp; Reina, 2008 and Urocelidoides piriatiu Mendoza-Franco &amp; Reina, 2008, by the long posteromedian projection in the dorsal bar. However, the new species differs from U. neotropicalis by the morphology of the male copulatory organ (2–3 rings in U. boulengerellae sp. nov. and a coil of about 5 ½ counterclockwise rings in U. neotropicalis), while it differs from U. piriatiu by the shape of the subunits of the accessory piece (an Y-shaped, robust and a sheath-like unit in U. boulengerellae sp. nov. and dextral subunit terminally acute; sinistral subunit bottle-shaped in U. piriatiu).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C42706563D605A5FA983098194EFDA69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	de Freitas, Álvaro J. B.;Bezerra, Carine A. M.;Meneses, Yuri C.;Justo, Marcia Cristina N.;Viana, Diego C.;Cohen, Simone C.	de Freitas, Álvaro J. B., Bezerra, Carine A. M., Meneses, Yuri C., Justo, Marcia Cristina N., Viana, Diego C., Cohen, Simone C. (2021): Three new species of Urocleidoides (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) parasitizing characiforms (Actinopterygii: Characiformes) in Tocantins River, states of Tocantins and Maranhão, and new record for U. triangulus in Guandu River, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zoologia 38: 1-11, DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.38.e65001
8676C93C2DF653D391B02643D6BCF6EA.text	8676C93C2DF653D391B02643D6BCF6EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urocleidoides paratriangulus de Freitas & Bezerra & Meneses & Justo & Viana & Cohen 2021	<div><p>Urocleidoides paratriangulus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 12–21, 33, 34</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann ( Curimatidae).</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Tocantins River (5 ° 27 ' 50 ' S; 47 ° 33 ' 48 ' W), close to the municipality of Embiral, state of Maranhão.</p><p>Other hosts and localities.</p><p>Psectrogaster amazonica: Tocantins River (5 ° 32 ' 08.6 ' S; 47 ° 29 ' 41.1 ' W), close to the urban perimeter of Imperatriz, state of Maranhao. Cyphocharax gouldingi ( Curimatidae): Tocantins River (6 ° 32 ' 24.53 ' S; 47 ° 27 ' 0.75 ' W), close to the municipalities of Aguiarnópolis and Estreito; at the mouth of the Itaueiras River (6 ° 29 ' 58.73 ' S; 47 ° 25 ' 27.48 ' W), in the municipality of Estreito, state of Maranhão. Caenotropus labyrinthicus ( Chilodontidae): Arraias River (12 ° 37 ' 52.3 ' S; 47 ° 08 ' 11.2 ' W), close to the municipality of Babaçulândia, state of Tocantins; Tocantins River (6 ° 32 ' 24.53 ' S, 47 ° 27 ' 0.75 ' W), close to the municipalities of Aguiarnópolis and Estreito; at the mouth of the Itaueiras River (6 ° 29 ' 58.73 ' S; 47 ° 25 ' 27.48 ' W), municipality of Estreito, state of Maranhão; João Aires River (7 ° 51 ' 10.6 ' S; 47 ° 55 ' 57.3 ' W), close to the municipality of Palmeirantes, state of Tocantins; Farinha River (6 ° 50 ' 30.5 ' S; 47 ° 30 ' 05.8 ' W), close to the municipality of Estreito, state of Maranhão, Brazil. Mylesinus pauscisquamatus Jégu &amp; Santos ( Serrasalmidae): Arraias River (12 ° 37 ' 52.3 ' S; 47 ° 08 ' 11.2 ' W), close to the municipality of Babaçulândia, state of Tocantins; Farinha River (6 ° 50 ' 30.5 ' S; 47 ° 30 ' 05.8 ' W), close to the municipality of Estreito, state of Maranhão, Brazil.</p><p>Infestation parameters.</p><p>Psectrogaster amazonica: total number of hosts: 97; prevalence: 11.3 %; total number of parasites: 37, mean intensity: 3.1 ± 2.5, range of infection: 1–9; Caenotropus labyrinthicus: total number of hosts: 8; number of infected hosts: 3; total number of parasites: 4; Cyphocharax gouldingi: total number of hosts: 8; number of infected hosts: 1; total number of parasites: 2; Mylesinus paucisquamatus: total number of hosts: 7; number of infected hosts: 1; total number of parasites: 10.</p><p>Deposited material.</p><p>Holotype: Psectrogaster amazonica: CHIOC: 39567 a ; paratypes CHIOC 39567 b, 39571, 39572, 39573, 39574, INPA 836, 837 . Cyphocharax gouldingi: CHIOC: 39568 a-b . Caenotropus labyrinthicus: CHIOC: 39570 , Mylesinus paucisquamatus: CHIOC: 39569 a-c, INPA 835 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Based on 51 specimens mounted in Hoyers' medium: Body fusiform, robust 195–402 (290; n = 15) long by 65–132 (103; n = 15) wide. Cephalic region with cephalic lobes poorly developed; four bilateral pairs of head organs. Eyespots absent; accessory chromatic granules dispersed in the cephalic region. Mouth subterminal, midventral; pharynx spherical, esophagus short; two intestinal caeca, confluent posteriorly to testes. Haptor sub-hexagonal, 60–105 (83; n = 15) wide (Fig. 34). Ventral anchor with superficial root elongated, round deep root knob-like, straight shaft and short point, 60–105 (83; n = 15) long, base 13–31 (22; n = 38) (Fig. 18). Dorsal anchor with well-developed elongated superficial root and inconspicuous deep root, short shaft and long point, 26–50 (36; n = 27) in length and base 15–30 (22; n = 28) (Fig. 19). Ventral bar straight, with an anteromedian groove and rounded extremities, anteriorly directed, 24–45 (33; n = 15) long (Fig. 17). Dorsal bar V-shaped, postero-median projection 19–38 (24; n = 12) long, with two variations: a slender or a more robust projection with lateral allae, 33–47 (40; n = 11) long (Figs 15, 16). Seven pairs of robust marginal hooks, five ventral and two dorsal, similar in shape, pairs 1 and 5 reduced in size, presenting curved point, dilated shank, composed of one subunit, protruded thumb, filamentous hook loop about 1 / 6 shank length (Figs 20, 21), pair 1, 7–20 (13; n = 30) long; pair 2, 18–51 (35; n = 23) long; pair 3, 17–37 (28; n = 20) long; pair 4, 15–27 (21; n = 19) long; pair 5, 9–14 (11; n = 17) long, pair 6, 14–42 (29; n = 22) long; pair 7, 6–43 (21; n = 21) long. Copulatory complex consists of male copulatory organ (MCO) and accessory piece, which serve as guide to MCO. Male copulatory organ about two counterclockwise rings, the proximal ring has a smaller diameter than the distal one, 54–100 (75; n = 18) long. Accessory piece not connected to MCO, situated at distal portion of the organ, consisting of a shaft with medial portion enlarged, with distal groove supporting MCO, 21–38 (28; n = 10) long (Figs 12, 33). Vagina ventral, funnel-shaped, consisting of a sclerotized tube, opening dorsally (Fig. 14). Vaginal sclerite composed of a long rod, longitudinally grooved, distal extremity hooked and subterminal short projection, 18–32 (23; n = 13) long (Fig. 13). Eggs, Mehlis' glands and ootype not observed. Vitellaria distributed throughout the body, absent in the region of reproductive organs.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the similarity with Urocleidoides triangulus .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Urocleidoides paratriangulus sp. nov. is similar to U. triangulus considering the shape of the anchors and bars. The new species differs from U. triangulus by the projection of the dorsal bar (prominent postero-median process in U. triangulus and slender or a more robust projection with lateral allae in the new species); the number of rings of MCO (2.5 to 3 in U. triangulus and about two in the new species); and by the reduced size of hooks (pairs 1, 5 and 7 reduced in size in U. triangulus and 1 and 5 only in U. paratriangulus sp. nov.). Only five species of Urocleidoides possess a medial projection on the posterior margin of the dorsal bar: Urocleidoides curimatae Molnar, Henek &amp; Fernando, 1974; U. neotropicalis; U. piriatiu; Urocleidoide tenuis Zago, Yamada, Yamada, Franceschini, Bongiovani &amp; Silva, 2020; and U. boulengerellae sp. nov. The medial projection is slenderer than the bar arms in the five species, whereas in U. triangulus and in some specimens of U. paratriangulus sp. nov., the projection is thicker than the arms. Urocleidoides paratriangulus is similar to U. curimatae and U. tenuis also in terms of the triangular shape of the ventral anchor, but it can be differentiated by the number of coils and the length of the MCO (3 coils in U. paratriangulus sp. nov. vs 1.5 coils in U. curimatae and 7.5 in U. tenuis), as well as through the morphology of the accessory piece (curved shaft in U. paratriangulus sp. nov., straight in U. curimatae and pincer-shaped in U. tenuis). During a study carried out in the Guandu River by the laboratory team, specimens of U. triangulus were found parasitizing Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824) . The morphometry of the specimens studied herein were used to make comparisons with those of U. paratriangulus sp. nov. This was the first record in this host in Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8676C93C2DF653D391B02643D6BCF6EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	de Freitas, Álvaro J. B.;Bezerra, Carine A. M.;Meneses, Yuri C.;Justo, Marcia Cristina N.;Viana, Diego C.;Cohen, Simone C.	de Freitas, Álvaro J. B., Bezerra, Carine A. M., Meneses, Yuri C., Justo, Marcia Cristina N., Viana, Diego C., Cohen, Simone C. (2021): Three new species of Urocleidoides (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) parasitizing characiforms (Actinopterygii: Characiformes) in Tocantins River, states of Tocantins and Maranhão, and new record for U. triangulus in Guandu River, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zoologia 38: 1-11, DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.38.e65001
EC451902D40659DC8C83767A108042CB.text	EC451902D40659DC8C83767A108042CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urocleidoides tocantinensis de Freitas & Bezerra & Meneses & Justo & Viana & Cohen 2021	<div><p>Urocleidoides tocantinensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 22–30, 35, 36</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann ( Curimatidae).</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Tocantins River (5 ° 27 ' 50 ' S; 47 ° 33 ' 48 ' W), close to the municipality of Embiral, state of Maranhão.</p><p>Other hosts and localities.</p><p>Psectrogaster amazonica: Tocantins River (5 ° 32 ' 08.6 ' S; 47 ° 29 ' 41.1 ' W), close to the urban perimeter of Imperatriz, state of Maranhão. Mylesinus pauscisquamatus ( Serrasalmidae): Arraias River (12 ° 37 ' 52.3 ' S; 47 ° 08 ' 11.2 ' W), close to the municipality of Babaçulândia, state of Tocantins; Farinha River (6 ° 50 ' 30.5 ' S; 47 ° 30 ' 05.8 ' W), close to the municipality of municipality of Estreito, state of Maranhão, Brazil.</p><p>Infestation parameters.</p><p>Psectrogaster amazonica: total number of hosts: 97; prevalence: 9.3 %; total number of parasites: 11; mean intensity: 1.22 ± 0.44; range of infection: 1–2; Mylesinus paucisquamatus: total number of hosts: 7; number of infected hosts: 2; total number of parasites: 12.</p><p>Deposited material.</p><p>Psectrogaster amazonica: Holotype CHIOC 39575 : paratypes 39577, 39578; INPA 838; Mylesinus paucisquamatus: CHIOC 39576 a-b, INPA 839.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Based on 15 specimens: 2 mounted in Gomori's trichrome and 13 mounted in Hoyers' medium. Body fusiform, robust, 200–317 (278; n = 8) long by 68–103 (89; n = 9). Cephalic lobes poorly developed; two pairs of eyespots, posterior pair larger than anterior; accessory chromatic granules dispersed in the cephalic region. Pharynx spherical; esophagus short; two intestinal caeca, posteriorly confluent to gonads, lacking diverticula. Haptor sub-hexagonal, 62–86 (68; n = 12) wide. Ventral anchor with developed superficial root and inconspicuous deep root, evenly curved shaft and point, 21–44 (33; n = 22) long and base 13–20 (17; n = 22) (Fig. 27). Dorsal anchor, smaller than ventral, with well-defined and long superficial root, shorter deep root, evenly curved shaft and robust point, passing from the level of tip of superficial root, 15–29 (22; n = 18) long and base 10–19 (13; n = 16) (Fig. 28). Ventral bar straight, with extremities directed toward posterior extremity, with a median projection arising from the middle portion of the bar, 23–34 (30; n = 9) long (Fig. 24). Dorsal bar straight, 25–41 (30; n = 6) long (Fig. 26). Marginal hooks present, dissimilar in shape: pairs 1 and 5 with straight shank, erected thumb and curved point; filamentous hook (FH) loop about 1 / 3 of shank length (Fig. 30), pairs 2–4, 6, 7 with dilated shank composed of two subunits, erected thumb and point, FH loop about 1 / 3 shank length (Fig. 29). Pair 1, 9–16 (13; n = 15); pair 2, 15–27 (19; n = 19); pair 3, 14–22 (18; n = 18); pair 4, 15–27 (17; n = 17); pair 5, 10–15 (13; n = 14), pair 6, 15–25 (20; n = 6); pair 7, 13–25 (20; n = 14). Copulatory complex composed of male copulatory organ (MCO), which is a straight tube, 23–40 (33; n = 14) long and by bifurcated accessory piece, serving as guide to MCO; accessory piece 41–70 (53; n = 15) long (Figs 22, 35). Gonads overlapping. Vaginal pore sinistral, vaginal vestibule, with a membranous cap at the aperture, tubular, expanded, 28–41 (35; n = 15), giving rise to vaginal canal (Figs 23, 36). Vaginal sclerite composed of a grooved rod, distal hook and a long subterminal projection, 22–35 (27; n = 11) (Fig. 25). Eggs, Mehlis' glands and ootype not observed. Vitelline follicles distributed throughout the body, except in the region of reproductive organs.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the locality, Tocantins River.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Urocleidoides tocantinensis sp. nov. resembles Urocleidoides falxus Zago, Yamada, Yamada, Franceschini, Bongiovani &amp; Silva, 2020 by the absence of coils on the MCO and Urocleidoides surianoae Rosin &amp; Timi, 2016 in the shape of accessory piece, but differs in the morphology of the MCO (MCO reverse J-shaped, with expanded proximal end in U. surianoae and a straight tube in the new species). The new species differs from all other species of the genus by the morphology of the vagina, which present a vaginal vestibule with a membranous cap.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC451902D40659DC8C83767A108042CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	de Freitas, Álvaro J. B.;Bezerra, Carine A. M.;Meneses, Yuri C.;Justo, Marcia Cristina N.;Viana, Diego C.;Cohen, Simone C.	de Freitas, Álvaro J. B., Bezerra, Carine A. M., Meneses, Yuri C., Justo, Marcia Cristina N., Viana, Diego C., Cohen, Simone C. (2021): Three new species of Urocleidoides (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) parasitizing characiforms (Actinopterygii: Characiformes) in Tocantins River, states of Tocantins and Maranhão, and new record for U. triangulus in Guandu River, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zoologia 38: 1-11, DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.38.e65001
