taxonID	type	description	language	source
F814866ED57FE71B33C2496BFE29FCBC.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis: Face and frontal triangle / frons rugose / regulose, frons with medial longitudinal sulcus; antennae slightly elongate, postpedicel and pedicel elongated [pedicel short in O. chilensis Thompson and O. quadristriata (Shannon & Aubertin)] and without setae; lunule smooth; eyes often with complex markings; occiput inconspicuous dorsally in lateral view; body with metallic reflections; scutum with matte dark vittae; scutellum without subscutellar fringe, with protuberances (except for O. chilensis) on most of its surface from where the pile arises; wing often with dark markings; vein M 1 forming a right or obtuse angle (i. e. recessive in O. chilensis and O. quadristriata) with vein R 4 + 5; alula wholly microtrichose; abdomen mostly dark matte medially and metallic shiny laterally. Male genitalia: subepandrial sclerite as two rectangular plates (arms), which might widen or narrow towards apex, and are only narrowly connected at the base (forming a V-shape); postgonites merged into the hypandrium; phallapodeme fused to base of phallic complex, dorsal to the basal tubular process; phallus complex, with a variable apical process (usually hook or beak-like, hypothesized here to anchor inside the genital chamber of the female), pilose at least medio-dorsally, and with a basal tubular process (where the ejaculatory apodeme connects dorsally), originating between the base of the phallus and the fused apex of the phallapodeme, which bears the phallotrema on its apex. Female genitalia: sternum 8 large and wide; sternum 9 usually as a distinct plate.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED57FE71B33C2496BFE29FCBC.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species Orthonevra bellula (Williston) and O. nitida were not confirmed as occurring in the Neotropical region (also see Sedman 1964), but are added to the key in case they occur in the border between the Nearctic and Neotropical areas of Mexico and to highlight the differences between those species and the currently known species with Neotropical distribution. We found Neotropical specimens that agree with O. nitidula (Curran), a mainly Nearctic species, and hereby extend its records to that region (see species distribution and Fig. 41). Thompson (2006) also lists a morphospecies ‘ 79 - 3 ’ from Ecuador which has an immaculate wing according to his key in that work; unfortunately, we couldn’t find any specimens with that description, neither among material under Thompson’s care at the USNM. However, all the other morpho-species previously delimited by Thompson are represented in the current work.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED57CE71B33C24C95FBE6FB2A.taxon	discussion	Comments. There are also two male and one female designated as paralectotypes.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED57CE71B33C24A46FEB1F852.taxon	discussion	Comments. There are also three male and two females designated as paralectotypes with either Wiedemann or Winthem collection labels. Nomenclatural changes After examination of the type of Chrysogaster lugubris Jaennicke, a specimen badly damaged and without head and abdomen, and its original description, we hereby remove it from Orthonevra since the specimen has a processive M 1 vein (unlike any other Orthonevra) and is much larger than the largest Neotropical Orthonevra we have seen (type wing length ~ 11.6 mm vs Orthonevra gouletmasnerorum Miranda & Thompson sp. nov. ~ 6.4 mm). The original description does mention that the specimen had green metallic reflections “ Thorax schwärzlich mit erzgrünen und kupferröthlichen Reflexen ” and that it had a yellow marking anteriorly on the frons “ Stirne schwarz, am Vorderrande rostgelb ”, similar to that observed in Philippimyia cyanocephalus (Philippi), a species endemic to Chile (Barahona-Segovia et al. 2021, fig. 71 – 73). The lack of any new records for C. lugubris in the most recent catalog by Barahona-Segovia (2021) also supports this view. Without any other characters to aid in placing this species, it is currently left incertae sedis.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED57DE71533C24E9DFBF2F963.taxon	description	* An interactive pictorial key and its PDF version are available at https: // orthonevra. weebly. com /	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED57DE71533C24E9DFBF2F963.taxon	description	The Neotropical species of Orthonevra Specimens kept for too long in ethanol, or sometimes due to relaxation techniques, tend to lose their eye markings, making it more difficult to identify the patterns. The metallic tint seems to vary on specimens depending on the preservation and / or after relaxation techniques, so metallic colourations should be considered with care in preserved specimens. Furthermore, the metallic tint is not visible in incandescent light. Although wing maculation has proven to be a good character for species delimitation, it is prone to fade in specimens due to age or issues of preservation. Females have the distinct sternum 9 plate (Hippa 1986; Miranda & Moran 2017).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED572E71133C24870FC37FD48.taxon	description	Redescription. MALE. Head (Fig. 1 d – f): metallic green, face strongly convex in profile and ventral 1 / 4 slightly produced anteriorly as a strong convexity, strongly regulose except for smooth area between the oral margin and convexity, shiny, with sparse scale-like white pile; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and widely separated from it. Antenna pale, except post-pedicel dark with slightly paler base; pedicel 2 × longer than scape, postpedicel oval elongated, slightly longer than pedicel. Mala produced apico-ventrally, smooth. Gena shiny, smooth, and with scale-like white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, regulose, with sparse, appressed, scale-like white pile and a row of erect pile following eye margin, without median longitudinal groove. Vertical triangle 3 × the length of the eye contiguity, green metallic, with sparse, erect pile, a few gray to dark, on ocellar triangle. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, ventral 2 / 3 homogeneously covered by white microtrichia, with short black pile on dorsal 2 / 3, with sparse scale-like white pile on ventral 1 / 4. Eyes holoptic; with a strongly sinuous sub-anterior (but only slightly sinuous dorsally) and middle vittae, and a medial fascia interrupted anterior to the sub-anterior vitta, eyes darker on anterior margin. Thorax (Fig. 1 d – f): metallic green, covered with inconspicuous white pile; scutum with four separate dark matte vittae, sub-medial pair slightly diverging anterior to transverse sulcus, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; notopleuron metallic green; scutellum wholly metallic green, depressed on apical margin, covered with pale pile on small tubercles. Pleuron metallic green, with short white pile on antepronotum, proepisternum, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum, anteriorly on anepimeron, on dorsal and ventral patches on katepisternum, and on katatergum, pile longer on ventral patch of katepisternum and katatergum. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with white marginal pile, ventral lobe with longer white marginal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 1 d, e): metallic green, except trochanters brown and less metallic, apex of femora, tibiae (except darker medially), and tarsomeres 1 – 2 yellow, remaining tarsomeres dark. Legs covered with short white pile, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, ventral surface of metafemur with short, black setulae. Wing (Fig. 1 d, e): hyaline, with darker vitta sub-apically (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), and faint on dm-m, with two fasciate maculae on r 4 + 5; vein C pale basally; wholly microtrichose, except anterior margin of cell cua; basicosta with dense appressed pale to dark pile, with two more prominent black setae apically. Alula large, 2 × the width of the c cell. Abdomen (Fig. 1 d, e): metallic green, terga 2 – 3 with short fasciate apico-lateral matte black maculae, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile white, appressed and very short; sterna metallic green, with longer white scale-like pile; sternum 4 slightly asymmetric, right side slightly more projected than left. Genitalia (Fig. 2 c): surstylus bent in a 90 º angle at basal 1 / 5 (somewhat L-shaped), base slightly extended dorsally and with a dorsal notch, with a rounded apex slightly directed medially (visible in dorsal / ventral view), with short pile more concentrated posterior to bend and on apical 1 / 3, with pointed apex; cercus sub-triangular, slightly concave on dorsal surface, with long pile. Hypandrium compressed medially, with anterior ventral notch through 1 / 2 the length of the hypandrium, notch with short apical acute lobe on each side; postgonites ending in a short acute apico-dorsal lobe homogeneously covered in pile; phallus pickaxe-shaped apically, widened medio-dorsally, two-pronged medio-ventrally, basal tubular process as a long heavily sclerotized tube, hook-shaped, directed apically, and ending basal to the two prongs of the phallus. Variation. Crossvein dm-m might have an appendix into cell dm. Male surstylus might have a more rounded apex. FEMALE (Figs 1 a – c, 2 a, b). Like male except: face convexity weaker; scape and pedicel yellow ventrally, dark dorsally; frons strongly regulose and with median longitudinal groove ending on ventral 1 / 4, row of pile contiguous to eye margin only distinct ventrally; vertex might be wholly white pilose; eye sub-anterior vitta not sinuous dorsally; wing also slightly bare on middle of cell bm. Genitalia (Fig. 2 a, b): Tergum 7 as two quadrate sclerotized areas. Sternum 7 as a sclerotized strip with pile on apical margin. Tergum 8 with two sclerotized rectangular areas, with 1 – 2 pile apico-medially on each area. Sternum 8 large, baso-lateral margins slightly concave, apical margin with large ‘ V-shaped’ indentation, apico-lateral corners with a shallow cavity, wholly pilose, pile sparser on apical 1 / 4. Sternum 9 as an oval, very lightly sclerotized plate. Epiproct as two sub-rectangular plates with convex apical margin, each plate with a baso-lateral apodeme, pilose on apical 2 / 3. Cercus semi-oval, pilose on apical 1 / 2, positioned ventro-laterally to epiproct. Hypoproct mostly membranous, with triangular shaped sclerotized area, wholly pilose. Length. Body 4.69 – 5.88 mm (n = 11), wing 3.85 – 4.17 mm (n = 10); female 4.95 – 5.29 mm (n = 4), wing 4.06 – 4.43 mm (n = 5).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED572E71133C24870FC37FD48.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Argentina and Bolivia (Fig. 39). Altitudinal range. 700 – 2600 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED572E71133C24870FC37FD48.taxon	discussion	Comments. Specimen CNC 171387, collected at 2600 m, has slight differences from the remaining material studied, with a complete fascia on the eye, sternum 4 right margin slightly more produced, and less distinct facial regulae and convexity, lateral vittae of scutum, and apical depressed margin of the scutellum; the male genitalia seems to vary slightly only on certain proportions of its features. A female specimen from Bolivia (CSCA) has slightly lighter and sparser facial pile than the other specimens. Very similar to O. flukei, however, besides differences listed on the key, O. argentina pile on scutum is inconspicuous and sparser (O. flukei has short pile but it is still distinct and forms an homogenous denser cover on the scutum, except for the dark areas which are sparse to bare), the male cercus lacks the ventral acute projection, the surstylus has a dorsal notch at the base, postgonites are shorter and directed dorsally (longer and pointing apically on O. flukei) and phallus higher with shorter apico-ventral projection (not so high and projection longer on O. flukei), the female tergum 8 is divided into two sclerotized areas (a single plate with a triangular indentation on posterior margin on O. flukei), longer cerci (shorter, more rounded, on O. flukei) and sternum 9 without heavily sclerotized lateral areas; furthermore, the northernmost record for O. argentina is in Bolivia, east of the Andes (O. flukei southernmost record is in Ecuador and west of the Andes).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED572E71133C24870FC37FD48.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires, Sierra Ventana [ca 38 ° 08 ' 08.6 " S 61 ° 47 ' 07.7 " W], 9. i. 1921 (male holotype argentina MACN, USNMENT 00028642). Additional material examined: ARGENTINA. Catamarca, El Arenal [ca 27 ° 08 ' 59.0 " S 68 ° 29 ' 56.7 " W], 2600 m, W. cord. Aconquija, 3 – 4. x. 1968, L. Peña (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171387); Tucuman [ca 26 ° 51 ' 37.8 " S 65 ° 14 ' 58.4 " W], 1200 m, ??. i. 1905, J. Steinbach (1 male and 2 females ZMHU, USNMENT 01492712 – 4); Ao. El Caleo, W. Alpachiri, 1000 m, 1. x. 1968, L. Peña (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171399); Arroyo 14 km S El Tala [ca 26 ° 06 ' 43.0 " S 65 ° 16 ' 56.8 " W], 700 m, 13 – 14. x. 1968, L. Peña (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171386); Salta [ca 24 ° 46 ' 21.4 " S 65 ° 26 ' 24.5 " W], 2500 m, [unintelligible handwriting], ??. iii – ??. iv. 1905, J. Steinbach (1 female ZMHU, USNMENT 01492708); 10 km NE Cafayate sand dunes nr Rio Santa Maria, 26 ° 03.139 ’ S 65 ° 53.183 ’ W, 10. i. 2000, S. Kayss & M. Chi (1 male CSCA); hand netted in Sta. Maria river dunes, 1586 m, 4. x. 2009, M. E. Irwin (1 male and 3 females CSCA); El Carmen [ca 24 ° 23 ' 53.4 " S 65 ° 18 ' 10.4 " W], 27 km S Molinos, 1900 m, 6. x. 1968, L. Peña (6 males CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171388, … 389, … 391, … 392, … 398, JSS 41940); Escoipe [25 ° 10 ' 00.6 " S 65 ° 45 ' 59.5 " W], 58 km SW Salta, 1900 m, 8. x. 1968, L. Peña (4 males and 4 females CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171385, … 390, … 393 – 396, … 397, JSS 41938); Córdoba, Córdoba, 31 ° 15 ' 14.7 " S 64 ° 36 ' 17.5 " W, 25. iv. 2021 (1 male, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 75369906]. BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz, Campo Guairuy, 24 km S Camiri, 870 m, 20 ° 11.81 ’ S 63 ° 28.55 ’ W, 18. viii – 2. ix. 2000, M. E. Irwin & M. Hauser (1 female CSCA).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED576E71033C24C5EFC71F880.taxon	description	Orthonevra 4 (FCT notes) Figs 3 and 4. Map: Fig. 39	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED576E71033C24C5EFC71F880.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to O. neotropica but the medial fascia on the eye is complete and the scutellum has the same metallic tint throughout.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED576E71033C24C5EFC71F880.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 3 g, h): metallic green, face with slight convexity in profile and ventral 1 / 4 slightly produced anteriorly, strongly regulose except for smooth area between the oral margin and convexity, shiny, with sparse white pile and not scale-like; with small white microtrichose maculae laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and widely separated from it. Antenna yellow, except post-pedicel darker with pale base; pedicel almost twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, 1.5 × the length of the pedicel. Mala slightly produced apico-ventrally, smooth. Gena shiny, smooth, with white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, regulose and bare, except for distinct erect pile anterior to eye contiguity and following eye margin, with median longitudinal groove not reaching the lunule. Vertical triangle isosceles-triangle-shaped, 2 × the length of the eye contiguity, green metallic, with erect white pile; ocellar triangle green metallic, with erect white pile. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, ventral 2 / 3 uniformly covered in white microtrichia, with short black pile on dorsal 1 / 2, with sparse white pile on ventral 1 / 2. Eyes holoptic; with strongly sinuous sub-anterior and middle vittae, and a medial complete fascia, eyes darker on anterior and postero-ventral margins. Thorax (Fig. 3 d, e): metallic green, with sparse inconspicuous white pile, longer on notopleuron; scutum with four complete dark matte vittae, medial pair tapering anteriorly, and with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; notopleuron metallic green; scutellum wholly metallic green, with inconspicuous white pile on small tubercles, sparse in the middle, slightly longer baso-laterally. Pleuron metallic green with white microtrichia concentrated on antepronotum, proepisternum and anatergum, with short white pile on antepronotum, proepisternum, posterior anepisternum, anteriorly on anepimeron, dorsally and ventrally on katepisternum, metasternum and katatergum. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with white marginal pile, ventral lobe white and with longer white marginal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 3 e): metallic green, except pale brown on tibiae and apex of femora, tarsomeres dark, except all tarsomeres 1 – 2 yellow. Legs covered with short yellow pile, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with antero-ventral row and ventral surface with short, black setae. Wing (Fig. 3 d – f): greyish, with dark vitta sub-apically (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), sub-apically on r 1, and with slightly dark apex, with one fasciate macula in cells r 2 + 3 and dm and two in r 4 + 5, with vitta on vein dm-m; stem vein and vein C pale until crossvein h, mostly microtrichose except for bare area basally on cell cua, posterior to pseudovein; basicosta with dense appressed pale to dark pile, with two more prominent black setae apically. Alula large, 2 × the width of the c cell. Abdomen (Fig. 3 d, e): metallic green, terga matte black in large medial rectangular area, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile black, appressed and very short, longer, erect and white laterally on tergum 1, much longer, erect and white baso-laterally on tergum 2; sterna metallic green, with white appressed pile; sternum 4 symmetric. Genitalia (Fig. 4 d – g): surstylus bent 90 ° at base, with a slight convexity at base, sinuous and curving gently toward middle at apex, and with a short medial laminate lobe, with long pile sparsely distributed (Fig. 4 f); cercus sub-triangular, with concave dorsal margin, with long pile. Hypandrium sub-oval, compressed apically, with anterior ventral notch through 1 / 3 of the length of the hypandrium and with a straight basal margin, notch with apical triangular lamina on each side (Fig. 4 e); postgonites flattened, laminate, with rounded apex and curving laterally, and a small ventro-medial lamina, with dense pile on dorsal surface (Fig. 4 d, e); phallus long, closed and slightly concave ventrally, beak-like at apically, with two pairs of lateral projections ventro-medially, apical projections longer and with rounded apex, basal projections with truncate apex; basal tubular process short, directed apically and ending between basal projections of the phallus (Fig. 4 g). FEMALE (Figs 3 a – c, 4 a – c). Like male except: scape and pedicel yellow ventrally, dark dorsally (Fig. 3 c); frons strongly regulose and with median longitudinal groove ending on ventral 1 / 4, row of pile contiguous to eye margin only distinct ventrally, remaining of frons with erect and distinct white pile; ocellar triangle pile longer than other pile, some slightly yellowish; some longer white pile on dorsal 1 / 4 of occiput; eye sub-anterior vitta not sinuous dorsally; scutum and scutellum with short erect white pile medially, but conspicuous; legs dark metallic, apex of femora yellow, tibiae yellow but with medial dark metallic area (Fig. 3 b), metafemur with black ventral setulae on apical 1 / 3; cell r 2 + 3 without a fasciate macula, wing without bare patches. Genitalia (Fig. 4 a – c): Tergum 7 as lightly sclerotized rectangular area, pile restricted to a few on apical margin (Fig. 4 a). Sternum 7 rectangular and narrow, with a row of pile on apical margin. Tergum 8 as a pair of oval sclerotized areas converging to one another, bare. Sternum 8 large, sub-rectangular in ventral view, with an apical triangular indentation, with lateral shallow grooves sub-apically and laminate apico-lateral margins, mostly pilose but bare on posterior margin (Fig. 4 b, c). Sternum 9 with a medial tube internally. Epiproct quadrate with convex apical margin, with two short baso-lateral apodemes, pilose on apical 1 / 3 (Fig. 4 a). Cercus sub-oval and short, with obliquely truncated basal margin, mostly pilose, positioned apically to epiproct. Hypoproct as membranous area, mostly pilose (Fig. 4 b). Length. Body 4.92 mm (n = 1), wing 3.83 mm (n = 1); female 5.90 mm (n = 1), wing 4.67 mm (n = 1).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED576E71033C24C5EFC71F880.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (São Paulo) and Ecuador (Fig. 39). Altitudinal range. 1700 – 2900 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED576E71033C24C5EFC71F880.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet alludes to the shape of the eye markings when viewed from the front, resembling the shape of the symbol from the DC Comics’ famous character. The name should be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED576E71033C24C5EFC71F880.taxon	discussion	Comments. Close to O. neotropica but can be easily distinguished, besides the complete middle band of the eye, by the overall green metallic shine and the lack of a differently tinted middle area on the scutellum. The female genitalia resemble those of O. neotropica, but the cerci are shorter, epiproct is longer, and sternum 9 is differently shaped (specially on its apical margin). Male also similar to O. gli sp. nov. but, besides the differently colored metabasitarsomere, check differences on the genitalia. F. C. Thompson had named this specimen as ‘ Orthonevra 4 ’ in his personal notes alongside drawings of this specimen’s male genitalia. The reference to ‘ Homem Morto’ in the label is likely related to the stream of the same name that ends in the Capivari river, in the municipality of Campos do Jordão. Female specimen is from a disjunct locality (Ecuador), but it is very similar to the male, including the pale metabasitarsomere, thus we deem it conspecific with the holotype.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED576E71033C24C5EFC71F880.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: BRAZIL. São Paulo, C [ampos] do Jordão [ca 22 ° 46 ' 07.5 " S 45 ° 35 ' 50.9 " W], Homem Morto, ??. xii. 1945, Barreto (male holotype batman MZUSP, USNMENT 00028637). Paratype examined: ECUADOR. Pichincha, Road Aloag-S. Domingo [ca 0 ° 28 ' 19.0 " S 78 ° 35 ' 43.4 " W], 15. viii. 1969, P. & B. Wygodzinsky (1 female AMNH, CNC 1589921).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED575E70D33C249B6FCE8FCD8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Pile of the face long and scale-like (Fig. 5 f); eye with sub-anterior vitta straight dorsally and sinuous ventrally, and middle straight vitta and complete fascia; scutum with 4 long more matte and darker vittae, without any other shorter vittate maculae laterally (Fig. 5 b, e); wing with narrow faint dark vitta from end of R 2 + 3 to R 4 + 5, and on anterior half of M 1; male surstyli symmetrical, with dorsal short triangular lobe and long ventral lobe. Length. Body 5.73 – 6.41 mm (n = 3), wing 4.32 – 4.82 mm (n = 3); female 5.83 – 6.89 mm (n = 3), wing 4.53 – 5.44 mm (n = 3).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED575E70D33C249B6FCE8FCD8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Washington to Idaho and South Dakota, south to California).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED575E70D33C249B6FCE8FCD8.taxon	discussion	Comments. The lack of a lateral dark vittate macula on the scutum is unique among the species studied. The female genitalia are illustrated for the first time (Fig. 6). No map was generated for this species since it is restricted to the Nearctic region.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED575E70D33C249B6FCE8FCD8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: USA. California, Vacaville, 1. x. 1950, A. T. McClay (2 males CNC, CNC _ Diptera 91362 – 3); Shasta, Shingleton, 2. vi. 1941, P. D. Hurd (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 91364); Walnut crk, ??. iii. ????,? (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 91359); Oregon, Medford, 5. ix. 1950, A. T. McClay (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 91366); Utah, Devil’s Kitchen, 14. viii. 1943, G. F. Knowlton & D. R. Maddock (2 males CNC, CNC _ Diptera 91358, … 91361); Moab, 8. v. 1941, G. F. Knowlton & F. C. Harmston (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 91365); Promontory, 5. x. 1942, G. F. Knowlton & W. E. Peay (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 91360).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56BE70E33C24A70FB3CFE98.taxon	description	Redescription. MALE. Head (Fig. 7 d – f): metallic blue, face wide, with convexity in profile and ventral ¼ slightly produced anteriorly as a strong convexity, regulose except for smooth ventral ¼, shiny with sparse white pile but bare medially; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base, and separated from antennal base; mala mostly smooth. Antenna dark, except pedicel pale laterally and postpedicel pale baso-ventrally; pedicel short but slightly longer than scape, postpedicel with mostly straight dorsal surface and convex ventral surface, with a shallow concavity pre-apically on dorsal surface, 2.5 × longer than the pedicel. Mala produced apico-ventrally, with weak regulae. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, rugose, uniformly covered with erect and sub-appressed white pile, without median longitudinal groove; lunule almost indistinguishable from frontal triangle. Vertical triangle isosceles triangle-shaped, 10 × the length of the eye contiguity, dark blue metallic, uniformly covered with long, erect, black pile on ocellar triangle and posterior to it. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, homogeneously covered in white microtrichia, and with one to two (ventrally) rows of white pile. Eyes very narrowly holoptic; with a slightly sinuous sub-anterior vitta that connects dorsally and ventrally to anterior dark margin, a medial straight vitta and a medial fascia disappearing close to posterior end. Thorax (Fig. 7 d, e): metallic blue, homogeneously covered with densely distributed, short, black pile, longer and white on notopleuron; scutum with four complete separate dark matte vittae, with inconspicuous vittate smooth macula laterally on scutum posterior to transverse sulcus and on notopleural sulcus; scutellum metallic blue and somewhat darker medially, slightly depressed on apical margin, covered with very short black pile, protuberances very weak. Pleuron metallic blue, mostly smooth with few areas with fine microsculpturing, with short white pile on antepronotum, proepisternum, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum, anteriorly on anepimeron, very few on a dorsal and ventral patch on katepisternum, and on katatergum, metasternum bare. Calypter white with long white marginal pile, ventral lobe margin darker. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 7 e): metallic dark, except tibiae and first tarsomere paler and with weaker metallic reflections. Legs covered with white pile, longer ventrally on femora, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur lacking black setulae. Wing (Fig. 7 e): hyaline, without any maculation; stem and C vein pale basally; vein R 2 + 3 reaches C apically to the level of the intersection of M 1 with R 4 + 5, vein M 1 slightly recurrent; wholly microtrichose; basicosta with dense appressed pale to dark pile, with two more prominent black setae apically. Alula large, 2 × the width of the cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 7 d, e): metallic blue, but with large matte black area medially from terga 1 to 4; pile sockets as small protuberances, pile black, appressed and short, longer and white laterally on tergum 1 and baso-laterally on tergum 2; sterna dark metallic, with longer white appressed pile, erect on sternum 2; sternum 4 with apical margin straight. Genitalia (Fig. 8 d – g): surstylus gently curving toward middle, mostly narrow but base extends ventrally, base slightly extended dorsally, with a rounded apex, mostly with long pile but bare on baso-lateral 1 / 3 (Fig. 8 d); subepandrial sclerite arms wide; cercus oval and not extended as in other Orthonevra. Hypandrium basal 2 / 3 oval, apical 1 / 3 straight and narrow, apex sheathing the phallus dorsally, with anterior ventral notch flanked by laminae that leave it as a short ventral slit; postgonites as heavier sclerotized pedunculate structures rising dorsal to the ventral notch laminae, ending in an oval apex with an acute projection (Fig. 8 e, f); phallus mostly straight, but apex slightly expanding and then tapering into an acute point, with a ventral extension anterior to basal tubular process, basal tubular process short and medially positioned. Variation. Eye medial straight vitta not always visible. FEMALE (Fig. 7 a – c, 8 a – c). Like male except: face convexity weaker, almost straight; mala more produced; frons regulose, except smooth around lunule, and with median longitudinal groove ending in the middle of the frons; lunule smooth; pile posterior to ocellar triangle white; eye with sub-posterior dark vitta as well; metabasitarsomere dark. Genitalia (Fig. 8 a – c): tergum 7 rectangular, with a few pile on anterior margin. Sternum 7 rectangular and narrow, with a few pile on anterior margin. Tergum 8 large and quadrangular, sparsely pilose apico-laterally. Sternum 8 large, apical margin deeply concave wholly pilose except bare baso-laterally. Sternum 9 has a pair of heavier sclerotized triangular plates, with their apical vertex hooked and ending close to the apex of sternum 8, plates connected by a weaker sclerotized area medially. Epiproct rectangular with a small apical ‘ V-shaped’ antero-medial notch and without basal apodemes, with a few pile latero-medially. Cercus semi-oval, with a truncate basal margin, pilose on apical 1 / 3, positioned apically to epiproct. Hypoproct mostly membranous, with medial pigmented area, with a few pile only on apex of pigmented area. Length. Body 4.74 – 5.16 mm (n = 3), wing 3.75 – 4.01 mm (n = 3); female 4.69 – 5.88 mm (n = 3), wing 4.01 – 4.79 mm (n = 3).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56BE70E33C24A70FB3CFE98.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Chile (Fig. 39). Altitudinal range. 50 – 500 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56BE70E33C24A70FB3CFE98.taxon	discussion	Comments. With O. quadristriata, it is one of the only species studied virtually without any maculation on the wing and a slightly recurrent M 1 vein. Orthonevra chilensis is the only Orthonevra species studied that lacks black setulae on the metafemur, also unique are the bare metasternum, the unique condition of the postgonite of the male genitalia (O. quadristriata also has a pedunculate postgonite (Fig. 31 h – j) but not so modified as in O. chilensis) and rectangular female epiproct with a small medial notch. This is the first time the female is described. This species is endemic to Chile and only occurs in low altitudes west of the Andes.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56BE70E33C24A70FB3CFE98.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: CHILE. Valparaíso, Viña del Mar [ca 32 ° 59 ’ 34.0 ” S 71 ° 32 ’ 13.4 ” W], 4. iv. 1917, P. Herbst (male holotype chilensis UCS, USNMENT 01492691). Additional material examined: CHILE. Coquimbo, Tilama [ca 32 ° 5 ’ 11.59 ” S 71 ° 10 ’ 2.13 ” W], El Naranjo [?], ??. x. 1967, L. E. Peña (4 male and 5 female paratypes MZUSP, USNMENT 01492601 – 608, … 696).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56FE70A33C24FD0FE74FC20.taxon	description	Orthonevra 3 (FCT notes) Figs 9 and 10. Map: Fig. 39	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56FE70A33C24FD0FE74FC20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to O. argentina and O. flukei but O. cthulhu has a short sub-apical vitta in cell r 1.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56FE70A33C24FD0FE74FC20.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 9 d – f): metallic bluish green, face with convexity on dorsal 1 / 2 in profile and ventral 1 / 4 slightly produced anteriorly as a convexity, strongly regulose except medially between convexity and anterior oral margin, pile white and scale-like; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to level of antennal base but far removed from it. Antenna brownish yellow, post-pedicel darker apically; pedicel twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, slightly longer than the length of the pedicel. Mala slightly produced apico-ventrally, smooth. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, regulose, with a medial longitudinal sulcus starting on the eye contiguity and ending dorsal to the elevation of the lunule, with sparse white pile, scale-like laterally. Vertical triangle isosceles triangle-shaped, 4 × the length of the eye contiguity, metallic green, bare except for dark erect pile on ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle equilateral, making up 2 / 3 of the vertical triangle. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 2, ventral 1 / 2 homogeneously covered with white microtrichia which gets longer dorsal to the gena, with a row of inconspicuous dark pile that becomes longer and white close to the gena. Eyes holoptic; with a sub-anterior sinuous vitta, a sub-anterior circle dorsally, a strongly sinuous middle vitta, and an uninterrupted medial fascia, eyes darker on anterior margin and on ventral 1 / 2 of posterior margin, anterior margin connected dorsally and ventrally to sub-anterior vitta (ventral to dorsal circle). Thorax (Fig. 9 d – f): metallic green, pile white, short, mostly appressed and sparsely distributed, bare on dark areas; scutum with four complete and separate dark matte vittae, that taper anteriorly, with purple reflections intermixed, sub-medial vittae slightly interrupted at transverse sulcus, and with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; notopleuron metallic green with a dark matte area dorsal; scutellum mostly dark metallic green, apical margin of a different lighter hue, with short, appressed, white pile. Pleuron with white pile on antepronotum, proepisternum, posterior anepisternum, on dorsal and ventral patches on katepisternum, anterior anepimeron, and katatergum, mostly with sparse microtrichia. Calypter white with white marginal pile, ventral lobe with longer marginal pile. Plumule white and long. Halter yellowish-white. Legs (Fig. 9 e, f): metallic green, except brownish tibiae with paler base and apex, and tarsi with first two (three on metatarsus) tarsomeres yellow, remaining brown. Legs covered with short white pile, with black ventral setulae on mesotarsus, metafemur, and apex of mesotibia, shorter, paler and sparser laterally on pro and metatarsus. Wing (Fig. 9 e): hyaline, with dark vitta sub-apically (from end R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), and dark apex (but fading posterior to vein R 4 + 5), and dark vittate macula sub-apically on cell r 1, a fasciate pair apically on r 4 + 5 and a small fasciate macula antero-apically on dm (Fig. 9 e), microtrichose except bare medially on cell bm and immediately posterior to pseudovein; basicosta with dense appressed pale to dark pile, with two more prominent black setae apically. Alula 2 × the width of cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 9 e): metallic green, terga matte black microtrichose sub-laterally, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile white, appressed and very short; sterna metallic green, with longer white appressed pile; sternum 4 with right side more extended than left. Genitalia (Fig. 10 c – e): surstylus bent in a 90 ° on the basal 1 / 3, and directed more dorsally, base slightly expanded and with a shallow concave notch on dorsal surface, with a rounded apex slightly directed ventrally, with very short inconspicuous pile (Fig. 10 c); subepandrial sclerite arms widened towards apex; cercus triangular, with acute corners, with distinct pile. Hypandrium compressed medially, with anterior ventral notch through 1 / 2 the length of the hypandrium, notch with a carina on each side (Fig. 10 d); postgonites rectangular but apex produced as a tapering extension and directed ventrally and slightly medially, pile concentrated on dorsal corner before the extension, baso-median surface forms a carina that ends dorsally in a short triangular projection; phallus hooked apically, widened medially, basal tubular process directed ventrally. Variation. Some specimens with tibiae mostly metallic brownish-green; one specimen from Goiás has a short triangular projection medially on the surstylus. FEMALE (Fig. 10 a, b). Like male except: head metallic green, face with slight convexity in profile; frons with medial longitudinal sulcus starting anterior to the ocellar triangle and extending throughout 2 / 3 of the length of the frons; vertex small, metallic green but with purple reflections lateral to ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle occupying most of the vertex; occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, ventral 2 / 3 homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which gets longer dorsal to the gena, with very inconspicuous pile on dorsal 1 / 3, with a few sparse pile on ventral 1 / 4; eyes do not form circle antero-dorsally; tergum 5 wholly metallic. Genitalia: Tergum 7 as two rectangular sclerotized areas. Sternum 7 as a sclerotized strip with pile on apical margin. Tergum 8 sub-triangular with two heavier sclerotized fasciate areas. Sternum 8 large, baso-lateral margins concave, apical margin with large medial ‘ V-shaped’ indentation and a sub-lateral concave indentation on each side, wholly pilose. Sternum 9 as half-oval, sclerotized and distinct plate, with medial internal long sclerotized tube connected to the genital opening medially on sternum 9. Epiproct flattened, sub-rectangular, convex apical margin, with two short baso-lateral apodemes, sparsely pilose. Cercus oval, pilose on apical 1 / 2, positioned ventro-laterally to epiproct. Hypoproct mostly membranous, with triangular shaped sclerotized area, wholly pilose. Length. Body 4.25 – 5.10 mm (n = 4), wing 3.60 – 4.00 mm (n = 4); female 4.71 – 5.52 mm (n = 5), wing 3.50 – 4.10 mm (n = 5).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56FE70A33C24FD0FE74FC20.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul) and Paraguay (Fig. 39). Altitudinal range. 160 – 830 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56FE70A33C24FD0FE74FC20.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the name of an ancient cosmic entity from the work of H. P. Lovecraft, and alludes to the exquisite eye marking pattern on the males (when viewed from the front) of this species that resembles the description of the entity in that work. It should be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56FE70A33C24FD0FE74FC20.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is restricted to central Brazil and Paraguay and to altitudes lower than 1000 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED56FE70A33C24FD0FE74FC20.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: BRAZIL. Espírito Santo, Baixo Guandu [ca 19 ° 31 ' 20.9 " S 41 ° 01 ' 11.0 " W], ??. ix. 1970, P. C. Elias (male holotype cthulhu MZUSP, USNMENT 00028638). Paratypes examined: BRAZIL. Ceará, Ubajara, Parque Nac. de Ubajara, Cachoeira do Cafundó, 03 ° 50 ' 13 " S 40 ° 54 ' 35 " W, Armadilha Malaise, 1 – 14. ii. 2013, J. A. Rafael & F. Limeira-de-Oliveira (1 female CZMA); Ubajara, Parque Nac. de Ubajara, Cachoeira do Cafundó, 03 º 50 ' 13 " S 40 º 54 ' 35 " W, Armadilha Malaise, 18 – 30. xi & 16 – 31. xii. 2012, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & J. S. Pinto Júnior (4 females CZMA); Espírito Santo, Baixo Guandu [ca 19 ° 31 ' 20.9 " S 41 ° 01 ' 11.0 " W], ??. ix. 1970, P. C. Elias (2 males MZUSP, USNMENT 01492702 – 3); Goiás, Varjão, Chácara N. Sra. Aparecida [ca 17 ° 03 ' 45.4 " S 49 ° 38 ' 39.3 " W], Armadilha Luminosa, 29. vii. 2019, Col. Lopes, W. R. (4 males INPA); São Paulo, Barueri [ca 23 ° 29 ' 35.1 " S 46 ° 54 ' 28.8 " W], 25. ii. 1961, K. Lenko (1 male MZUSP, USNMENT 01492704); Orida Verda [sic. Onda Verde, ca 20 ° 35 ' 40.8 " S 49 ° 17 ' 22.4 " W], Faz. Sao Joao, ??. i. 1946, (1 female MZUSP, USNMENT 01492711); Rio Grande do Sul, Esmeralda, 27 ° 55 ' 10.2 " S 51 ° 20 ' 33.9 " W, iv. ix. 2021 (1 male, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 93639307]. PARAGUAY. Distrito Capital, Assuncion [ca 25 ° 14 ' 41.4 " S 57 ° 34 ' 17.3 " W], Villa [Nova], 25. xi. [19] 05, J. D. Anisits (1 male ZMHU, USNMENT 01492690).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED562E70633C24FD0FDE5FE98.taxon	description	Redescription. MALE. Head (Fig. 11 d – f): metallic blue-green, face with convexity in profile and ventral ¼ slightly produced anteriorly as a convexity, regulose except smooth on ventral ¼, with sparse scale-like white pile; with white microtrichose subtriangular patch laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and separated from it. Antero-latero corners of the face slightly regulose, sparsely scale-like pilose. Antenna dark on medial-dorsal surface of pedicel and most of post-pedicel, yellow elsewhere; pedicel 3 × the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, as long as pedicel. Mala produced apico-ventrally, with weak regulae. Gena shiny, smooth, and with regular white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, regulose, with a few short white scale-like pile laterally following eye margin, with median longitudinal groove. Vertical triangle isosceles-shaped, slightly longer than eye contiguity, green metallic, with long erect, white pile on ocellar triangle and posterior to it. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, ventral 2 / 3 homogeneously covered in white microtrichia, with long white pile becoming short and black on dorsal 1 / 3, sparse and very short black pile medially, and with longer white pile on ventral ¼. Eyes holoptic; with strongly sinuous sub-anterior and middle vittae, the ends of the former touching anterior margin and forming ringlike markings, and a medial fascia, eyes darker on anterior margin and ventrally on posterior margin. Thorax (Fig. 11 d, e): metallic green, homogeneously covered with very short, erect, white pile, longer on postpronotum and notopleuron; scutum with four separate dark matte vittae, sub-medial pair slightly diverging anterior to transverse sulcus, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; scutellum wholly metallic green, depressed on apical margin, homogeneously covered with pale pile. Pleuron metallic green, smooth on proepisternum, proepimeron, anteriorly on anepisternum and katepisternum, posterior anepimeron, katepimeron, and katepimeron, remaining with a coarse texture, with short white pile on antepronotum, proepisternum, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron, on dorsal and ventral patches on katepisternum, metasternum and on katatergum, pile longer on ventral patch of katepisternum and katatergum; with some microtrichia posteriorly to posterior anepisternum and on anatergum. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with white marginal pile, ventral lobe with longer marginal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 11 e): metallic green, except trochanters brown and less metallic, apex of all femora, base and apex of all tibiae and all tarsomeres 1 – 2 yellow, remaining tarsomeres dark. Legs covered with short white pile, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsus with black setulae ventrally, metafemur ventral surface with short, black setulae. Wing (Fig. 11 e): hyaline, with darker vitta sub-apically (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), and slight darkening anteriorly and posteriorly on vein dm-m, with two fasciate maculae on r 4 + 5; vein C pale basally; wholly microtrichose, except anterior margin of cell cua, middle of bm and r; basicosta with dense appressed pale to dark pile, with two more prominent black setae apically. Alula large, 2 × the width of the cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 11 d, e): metallic green, terga 2 – 3 with short fasciate apico-lateral matte black maculae, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile black, appressed and very short, longer, erect and white baso-laterally on tergum 2; sterna metallic green, with longer white pile; sternum 4 right side slightly convex. Genitalia (Fig. 12 c, d): surstylus bent in a 90 º angle at basal 1 / 5, crooked but mostly directed apically, with a rounded apex slightly directed ventrally, sparsely pilose (Fig. 12 c); subepandrial sclerite arms widening slightly at apex; cercus sub-rectangular, slightly concave on anterior margin, with wide basal peduncule with an acute, curved, ventral projection, pilose (Fig. 12 c). Hypandrium compressed medially, with anterior ventral notch, rectangular and narrow, through ½ the length of the hypandrium, notch flanked by laminae; postgonites finger-like, homogeneously covered in pile dorsally, longer baso-laterally; phallus beak-shaped apically, widened medially and ending in three prongs ventrally, basal tubular process long, directed ventrally, and ending basal to ventral prongs. Variation. Postpedicel wholly dark, and might be slightly longer than pedicel; Sub-anterior eye vitta might touch middle vitta; also, might not form ring-markings. Tibiae can be overall paler, with just the middle darker. FEMALE (Figs 11 a – c, 12 a, b). Like male except: mala smooth; frons strongly regulose and with median longitudinal groove ending on ventral ¼, pile scale-like and sparsely distributed throughout; eye sub-anterior vitta not strongly sinuous on dorsal half. Vertex pile shorter. Tibiae overall paler. Genitalia (Fig. 12 a, b): Tergum 7 as two rectangular plates, with a few pile on anterior margin of each plate. Sternum 7 as a narrow rectangular plate with pile on apical margin. Tergum 8 as a rectangular plate with a strong triangular indentation on posterior margin, with two pile at the vertex of the indentation. Sternum 8 large, but not so voluminous basally, basal half sclerotized and apical half lightly sclerotized, apical margin of sclerotized portion with a V-shaped indentation, apico-lateral corners of less sclerotized portion with a shallow cavity, wholly pilose. Sternum 9 with a pair of heavier sclerotized cavities flanking the secondary gonopore, remaining of the sternum very lightly sclerotized. Epiproct as two sub-triangular plates, each plate with a short baso-lateral apodeme, pilose on apical 2 / 3. Cercus semi-circular, pilose, positioned ventro-laterally to epiproct. Hypoproct mostly membranous, wholly pilose. Length. Body 4.0 – 5.1 mm (n = 10), wing 3.3 – 4.1 mm (n = 10); female 4.11 – 5.78 mm (n = 3), wing 3.44 – 4.32 mm (n = 3).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED562E70633C24FD0FDE5FE98.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California to New Mexico) and south to Ecuador (Fig. 41). Altitudinal range. 1140 – 2560 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED562E70633C24FD0FDE5FE98.taxon	discussion	Comments. Costa Rican specimens were collected on Varronia curassavica (Boraginaceae) and Baltimora recta (Asteraceae). See difference with O. argentina in the ‘ Comments’ of that species. Sedman (1964) studied Neotropical material of Orthonevra, but he never mentions O. argentina (or O. labyrinthops) when he described O. flukei, so the similarities between both species were never pointed out. There is a single outlier record from Costa Rica from an altitude of 70 m (EMEC 1441714), but all other Neotropical records are from above 1000 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED562E70633C24FD0FDE5FE98.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: USA. Arizona, Cochise County, 17 miles east of Douglas [ca 31 ° 20 ’ 30.6 ” N 109 ° 29 ’ 56.9 ” W] (photo, male holotype flukei UCD). Additional material examined: COLOMBIA. Antioquia, El Retiro [ca 6 ° 03 ’ 52.0 ” N 75 ° 30 ’ 11.7 ” W] (7 km N), 26. ii. 1984, W. N. Mathis (1 female USNM, USNMENT 01492707). COSTA RICA. Guanacaste, Comelco, 8 km NW Bagaces [ca 10 ° 31 ’ 25.7 ” N 85 ° 14 ’ 55.0 ” W], 6. vii. 1971, P. Opler (photo, 1 female, EMEC 1441713); La Pacifica, 4 mi NW Cañas [ca 10 ° 26 ’ 07.7 ” N 85 ° 05 ’ 56.1 ” W], 4. ix. 1971, P. Opler (photo, 1 female, EMEC 1441714). ECUADOR. Imbabura, Otavalo [ca 0 ° 14 ’ 15.1 ” N 78 ° 14 ’ 58.3 ” W], N [orth of] Perucho, 7 – 8. i. 1971, 2000 m, L. E. Peña (10 males MZUSP); Loja, 4 ° 01 ’ 54.3 ” S 79 ° 13 ’ 00.4 ” W, 25. iv. 2020 (1 female, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 43452539]. HONDURAS. Comayagua, Siguatepeque [ca 14 ° 36 ’ 18.3 ” N 87 ° 50 ’ 54.7 ” W], 26 – 27. viii. 1978; J. A. Chemsak, E. G. & J. M. Linsley (photo, 1 male, EMEC 1441712). MEXICO. Durango [ca 24 ° 03 ’ 12.7 ” N 104 ° 43 ’ 03.1 ” W], 28 mi W Durango, 7500 ’, 28. vi. 1964, J. F. McAlpine (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171063); Jalisco, Zapopan, 20 ° 37 ’ 08.8 ” N 103 ° 24 ’ 44.1 ” W, 28. iv. 2019 (1 male, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 24292114]; Guanajuato, San Mateo Tócuaro, 19 ° 58 ’ 07.5 ” N 100 ° 43 ’ 27.1 ” W, 1. x. 2020 (1 male, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 62078130]; Zumpango, Zumpango, 19 ° 53 ’ 03.4 ” N 99 ° 07 ’ 10.4 ” W, 1. v. 2022 (1 female, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 115157826]. USA. Arizona, SW Res. Stn. Portal [ca 31 ° 54 ’ 38.2 ” N 109 ° 08 ’ 19.8 ” W], 8. v. 1967, D. M. Wood (2 females CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171065 – 6); S Arizona, ??. viii. 1902, F. H. Snow (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171067); Sierra Vista [ca 31 ° 30 ’ 19.6 ” N 110 ° 18 ’ 58.6 ” W], 4590 ’, 1 – 15. vi. 1966, R. F Sternitzky (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171064); Chiricahua Mtns., Herb Martyr Campg. & Ash Spring, 5800 – 6100 ’, 31 ° 52 ’ N 109 ° 14 ’ W, 17 – 18. viii. 2007, J. O’Hara (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 11019); New Mexico, desert near cliff, 1365 m, 32 ° 55 ’ 44 ’’ N 108 ° 35 ’ 31 ’’ W, 15. viii. 2007, J. Skevington (2 females CNC, CNC _ Diptera 10702 – 3); Texas, Guadalupe Mtns. N. P., Choza spring [ca 31 ° 54 ’ 23.5 ” N 104 ° 47 ’ 11.9 ” W], 5300 ’, 13. ix. 1994, J. O’Hara (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 110162).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED561E70333C24E29FC03FC4C.taxon	description	Figs 13 and 14. Map: Fig. 40 Redescription. MALE. Head (Fig. 13 d – f): metallic green except blue on smooth area, face with convexity on dorsal ½ and ventral ¼ slightly produced anteriorly as a convexity, regulose except smooth medially between convexity and anterior oral margin and with weak transverse striae on convexity, pile white and narrowly scale-like, and with a regular row of pile laterally following the eye margin; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to level of antennal base but far removed from it. Antenna dark, scape and pedicel yellow ventrally; pedicel twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, 1.5 × the length of the pedicel. Mala produced apico-ventrally, smooth. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, rugose, with very sparse white pile medially but with a distinct row laterally following eye margin. Vertical triangle isosceles-shaped, 2 × the length of the eye contiguity, metallic green, with short, erect pale and dark pile on ocellar triangle and posterior to it; ocellar triangle equilateral, taking up 2 / 3 of the vertical triangle. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal ½, ventral ½ uniformly covered with white microtrichia, with a row of short dark pile that becomes longer and white close to the gena. Eyes holoptic; with a strongly sinuous sub-anterior and middle vittae, and a complete medial fascia, posterior margin dark on ventral ½. Thorax (Fig. 13 d, e): metallic green, homogeneously covered in short, erect, white pile; scutum with four complete and separate dark matte vittae, that taper anteriorly, sub-medial vittae slightly interrupted at transverse sulcus, and with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus, and an additional, anteriorly tapering, dark sub-lateral vitta posteriorly between sub-medial vitta and lateral vittate macula; scutellum metallic bluish-green but with a semi-circular matte dark area medially, with short, erect, white pile. Pleuron covered in fine microsculpturing but smooth on proepimeron, anterior anepisternum and posterior anepimeron, with short white pile on antepronotum, proepisternum, posterior anepisternum, on dorsal and ventral patches on katepisternum, anterior anepimeron, metasternum and katatergum, white microtrichose on antepronotum and dorsally on anterior anepisternum. Calypter white, except margin dark, with white marginal pile, ventral lobe with longer and darker marginal pile. Plumule white and long. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 13 e): metallic bluish-green, except brownish tibiae, and tarsi with first two tarsomeres yellow, remaining brown. Legs covered with short white pile, with black ventral setulae on mesotarsus, metafemur, and apex of mesotibia, shorter, paler and sparser laterally on pro and metatarsus. Wing (Fig. 13 e): hyaline, with dark vitta sub-apically (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), and faintly on dm-m, a small dark spot at the end of r 2 + 3, medially on r 2 + 3, a fasciate macula medially on cell r 1 (slightly basal to the end of R 1), a fasciate pair apically on r 4 + 5 and a small fasciate one antero-apically on dm (Fig. 13 b), microtrichose except bare immediately posterior to pseudovein; basicosta with dense appressed pale to dark pile, with two more prominent black setae apically. Alula 2 × the width of cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 13 d, e): metallic blue, apex of terga matte black microtrichose sub-laterally, tergum 4 mostly matte medially, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile white, appressed and very short laterally, except black medially, longer and erect laterally on tergum 1 and 2; sterna metallic green, with longer white appressed pile; sternum 4 with right side slightly longer than left. Genitalia (Fig. 14 c – e): Epandrium narrow baso-apically; surstylus bent in a 90 ° angle at basal 1 / 3, with a rounded apex directed apically, and very sparse inconspicuous pile (Fig. 14 e); subepandrial sclerite arms bend laterally to reach the base of surstyli; cercus triangular, directed apically, and with a slightly concave base, with distinct long pile. Hypandrium slightly compressed on apical ½, with anterior ventral notch through almost ½ the length of the hypandrium, V-shaped, notch with a short lamina on each side; postgonites irregular, with a wider base homogeneously pilose, and a bare short finger-like projection at the apex; phallus beak-like apically, widened medially, although slightly convex medio-ventrally, not forming prongs, basal tubular process directed slightly apically. FEMALE (Figs 13 a – c, 14 a, b). Like male except: head metallic green, face with slight convexity in profile; scape and pedicel can be mostly yellow; frons with medial longitudinal sulcus starting anterior to the ocellar triangle and extending throughout 3 / 4 of the length of the frons, with more homogeneously distributed pile; vertex small, metallic green; ocellar triangle equilateral, occupying most of the vertex; occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, ventral 2 / 3 homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which gets longer dorsal to the gena, pile becomes very short and inconspicuous medially; eyes sub-anterior vitta may be straight dorsally, middle fascia varies from complete to absent; scutellum may be wholly metallic; legs metallic reflections mostly green; tibiae can be mostly yellowish; abdominal matte areas inconspicuous; tergum 5 wholly metallic. Genitalia (Fig. 14 a, b): Tergum 7 as two rectangular sclerotized areas, with few pile on apical margin. Sternum 7 as a sclerotized strip with pile on apical margin. Tergum 8 rectangular, with a deeply concave basal margin, with a pair of pile on each side of the concavity. Sternum 8 large, heart-shaped, apical margin with short medial ‘ V-shaped’ indentation, wholly pilose. Sternum 9 sub-triangular, lightly sclerotized. Epiproct as two quadrate sub-rectangular sclerotized areas, with two short baso-lateral apodemes, pilose on apical 1 / 3 and more so on membranous area in between. Cercus semi-oval, wholly pilose, positioned ventro-laterally to epiproct. Hypoproct mostly membranous, with medial pigmented area, pilose medially. Length. Body 4.53 – 4.79 mm (n = 2), wing 3.54 – 4.32 mm (n = 4); female 4.64 – 5.70 mm (n = 3), wing 3.64 – 4.64 mm (n = 4).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED561E70333C24E29FC03FC4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico (Fig. 40) Altitudinal range. 90 – 1580 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED561E70333C24E29FC03FC4C.taxon	discussion	Comments. Orthonevra gewgaw is restricted to the islands of the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean region. Orthonevra gewgaw, O. nitida and O. nitidula are the only species with an extra vittate macula on the scutum between the narrow lateral vittate macula and the long sub-medial vitta.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED561E70333C24E29FC03FC4C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: CUBA. Soledad, Geo. Salt, 27. v. 1925 (photo, male holotype gewgaw MCZ). Additional material examined: CUBA. Santa Clara Prov. [sic], Soledad, 9 – 16. vi. 1939, C. T. Parsons (1 male and 1 female on the same pin CNC, CNC _ Diptera 238725). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. La Vega, Constanza (ca 16 km SE), 1580 m, 18 ° 50.6 ’ N 70 ° 40.7 ’ W, 15. v. 1998, W. N. Mathis (2 males USNM, USNMENT 00086766 – 7); Independencia, Puerto Escondido, 1370 m, 18 ° 19.6 ’ N 71 ° 35 ’ W, 24. iii. 1999, W. N. Mathis (1 male USNM, USNMENT 00089812). PUERTO RICO. Ciales [ca 18 ° 19 ' 59.8 " N 66 ° 28 ' 47.0 " W], 2 mi S Florida, 25 – 31. i. 1984, E. A. Lisowski [9 females CSCA, CNC 909823 (only one female labeled)].	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED564E73D33C24B48FC10FD74.taxon	description	Orthonevra 5 (FCT notes) Fig. 15. Map: Fig. 41	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED564E73D33C24B48FC10FD74.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The sinuous medial vitta on the eye, the narrow apical vitta on the wing and the darker metabasitarsomere should distinguish O. gli from similar species such as O. neotropica and O. theta.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED564E73D33C24B48FC10FD74.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 15 a, b, d): metallic blue-green, face with slight convexity in profile and ventral ¼ produced anteriorly as a convexity, regulose except weakly regulose on medial area and smooth on ventral ¼, shiny, pile white and not scale-like; with small white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and widely separated from it. Scape and pedicel darkened yellow, pedicel 2 × longer than scape, post-pedicel oval elongate and 1.5 × longer than pedicel; pile on pedicel black. Mala produced apico-ventrally, mostly smooth. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle metallic-green, regulose smooth only on lunule, bare except for inconspicuous white pile anterior to eye contiguity and laterally following the eye margin. Vertical triangle isosceles-shaped and long, 3 × longer than eye contiguity, metallic-green, bare but with very few, long black pile on ocellar triangle and posterior to it, with fine microsculpturing; ocellar triangle as shiny as remaining of vertical triangle, isosceles triangle-shaped. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal ½, ventral ½ homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, with a row of black pile, which becomes very short in the middle and longer and white on ventral 1 / 5. Eyes holoptic; with sub-anterior and medial sinuous vittae (sub-anterior less sinuous dorsally), and medial fascia, eyes darker on anterior and posterior margins, anterior dark margin connecting the ends of the sub-anterior vitta (Fig. 15 a, b). Thorax (Fig. 15 a, b): metallic green, pile very short and inconspicuous, white, appressed and sparsely distributed, slightly longer on notopleuron; scutum with four dark matte vittae, and with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; scutellum mostly metallic-green but with a dark matte spot medially, base smooth and slightly convex, with a sub-apical transversal depression, inconspicuous pile on tubercles. Pleuron wholly metallic, smooth on proepimeron, anterior anepisternum, katepimeron, and medially on anepimeron, remaining with a coarse texture, with white microtrichia on antepronotum, with white pile on proepisternum, antepronotum, posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron, dorsal and ventral patches on katepisternum, katatergum, and metasternum. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with long white marginal pile, ventral lobe similar but pile 3 × longer than dorsal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 15 b): dark with metallic blue reflections, except tarsi just dark without reflections; pale on apex of femur, and first two tarsomeres, tibiae overall paler but moreso on apex and basal ½ to 1 / 3. Legs covered with short white pile, longer on coxa, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with short black setulae ventrally. Wing (Fig. 15 b): R 2 + 3 abruptly bent towards C at the end, ending at level where M 1 meets R 4 + 5; with dark short vitta sub-apically on r 1 and a narrow dark vitta from bend on R 2 + 3 to where M 1 meets R 4 + 5, and with two fasciate maculae in r 4 + 5 and a very subtle fasciate darkening medially in cell r 2 + 3, mostly microtrichose but with narrow bare areas baso-anteriorly on cua immediately posterior to pseudovein; basicosta with dense appressed dark pile, with two more prominent black setae apically. Alula slightly wider than cell c, wholly microtrichose. Abdomen (Fig. 15 a, b): metallic light blue, terga 2 and 3 with matte black areas medially and apico-laterally, tergum 4 matte black medially, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile black, appressed and very short, but longer and white on baso-lateral ½ of tergum 2; sterna metallic, with similar pilosity but slightly longer and all white; sternum 4 unmodified. Genitalia (Fig. 15 e – h): surstylus bent in a right angle at basal 1 / 3, apical portion curving towards a hooked apex, medial surface extended as a triangular carina, with short pile sparsely distributed (Fig. 15 e, f); cercus triangular. Hypandrium with ventral triangular carina joining each postgonite (Fig. 15 h); postgonites sub-oval in shape but with a short extension on apex, directed apically, densely short pilose dorsally and apico-laterally; phallus with beak-like apex, with paired lamina medio-ventrally that have an acute apex, and another pair of shorter lamina anterior to basal tubular process (Fig. 15 g). FEMALE. No females recorded. Length. Body 5.31 mm (n = 1); wing 4.84 mm (n = 1).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED564E73D33C24B48FC10FD74.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (São Paulo) (Fig. 41). Altitudinal range. 1700 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED564E73D33C24B48FC10FD74.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym for GFGM’s father, based on a personal nickname. It should be treated as a noun in the genitive case.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED564E73D33C24B48FC10FD74.taxon	discussion	Comments. F. C. Thompson had noted this specimen as ‘ Orthonevra 5 ’ in his personal notes with drawings of this specimen’s genitalia. This species is similar to O. batman sp. nov., but can be differentiated by the dark metabasitarsomere and characters of the male genitalia.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED564E73D33C24B48FC10FD74.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo, Campos do Jordão [ca 22 ° 46 ’ 06.5 ” S 45 ° 35 ’ 51.0 ” W], 29. xii. 1944, F. Lane (male holotype gli MZUSP, USNMENT 00028639).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55AE73F33C24C05FF28FD9C.taxon	description	Figs 16 and 17. Map: Fig. 40	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55AE73F33C24C05FF28FD9C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The wide apical vitta on the wing and the larger body size should promptly distinguish O. gouletmasnerorum from other Neotropical Orthonevra species.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55AE73F33C24C05FF28FD9C.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 16 d – f): metallic black-green, face wide, with slight convexity in profile and ventral 1 / 4 slightly produced anteriorly as a strong convexity, strongly regulose except on ventral 1 / 4, shiny, pile white and not scale-like; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral do antennal base and widely separated from it. Antenna dark, scape and pedicel without metallic reflections and pale ventrally, post-pedicel paler baso-ventrally; pedicel almost twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, almost twice the length of the pedicel; pile on pedicel long and black. Mala slightly produced apico-ventrally, smooth. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle metallic-green, homogeneously regulose, bare except for distinct erect dark pile anterior to eye contiguity. Vertical triangle isosceles-triangle shaped, 3 × longer than eye contiguity, metallic-black, with very long, black and sparse pile; ocellar triangle with a coarse texture, black but with purple reflections, with long black and sparse pile. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 2, ventral 1 / 2 homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, with a row of black pile, which is long on dorsal 1 / 4 and very short on the remaining of the occiput. Eyes holoptic; with two sinuous vittae on ventral 1 / 2, two curved vittae on dorsal 1 / 2, and a medial fascia, three vittae originate from same point on fascia, the postero-dorsal vitta originates slightly posterior to others, eyes darker on anterior margin between the ends of the anterior vittae, and on whole posterior and ventral margin. Thorax (Fig. 16 d, e): metallic black-green, pile mostly black, short, erect and densely distributed, white and longer on notopleuron; scutum with four dark matte vittae, sub-medial pair wider, all fused on posterior 1 / 3, with purple reflections, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus, with a narrow metallic-green area anterior to scutellum; notopleuron metallic-green; scutellum metallic-green but regulose middle makes it look darker on basal 3 / 4, with a sub-basal and medial transversal linear depression, with black, short, erect and densely distributed pile. Pleuron wholly metallic, smooth on proepisternum, proepimeron, anteriorly on anepisternum and katepisternum, posterior anepimeron, katepimeron, and katepimeron, remaining with a coarse texture, with some white microtrichia posteriorly to anterior spiracle and on anatergum, with white pile on antepronotum (and longer anteriorly to anterior spiracle), proepisternum, posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron, dorsal and ventral patches on katepisternum, and metasternum. Dorsal lobe of calypter white, margin dark, with long white marginal pile, ventral lobe similar but pile darker and 3 × longer than dorsal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 16 e): metallic; pro and mesoleg pale on apex of femur, basal 1 / 3 and apex of tibia, and first two tarsomeres, dark on remaining of tibia and apical tarsomeres; metaleg pale on basal 1 / 4 and apex of metatibia, base and apex of metabasitarsomere, and apex of second metatarsomere, dark on the remaining areas of the metatarsus. Legs covered with white pile, longer on coxa, profemur with a few longer pile ventrally, metafemur ventro-apical 1 / 2 with short black setulae. Wing (Fig. 16 d, e): R 2 + 3 with a long appendix on its apex (R 3), with dark sub-apical wide vitta (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), sub-apically on r 1, on dm-m, and with fasciate maculae in r 2 + 3, r 4 + 5 (two), and dm, basal 1 / 2 hyaline, apex of wing slightly darkened, wholly microtrichose; basicosta with dense appressed black pile, with three more prominent setae apically. Alula large, 2 × the width of cell c. Abdomen: wholly metallic black-green, terminalia metallic black dorsally, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile black, erect and very short, white and longer laterally, much longer laterally on tergum 2; sterna metallic, with appressed, long, white pile, erect on sternum 2; sternum 4 with short medio-apical extension. Genitalia (Fig. 17 c – f): surstylus mostly rectangular, base slightly extended dorsally, and with a narrower, slightly curved, dorso-apical extension, with pile sparsely distributed but more densely distributed on medial surface of the extension (Fig. 17 f); cercus rectangular in lateral view, but dorsal portion curving towards middle and more rounded. Hypandrium slightly compressed medially (Fig. 17 c); postgonites with two apical prongs and a third baso-ventral prong, all ventrally directed (Fig. 17 e), with very few pile medio-dorsally; phallus heart-shaped dorsally before the apex, then narrows ventrally to an acute apex, two-pronged medio-ventrally, basal tubular process very short. Variation. Postero-ventral eye vitta connects to same point as postero-dorsal vitta. Scutum with larger metallic-green reflections posteriorly. Pleuron with large purplish metallic areas. Scutellum linear depressions inconspicuous. Sub-apical vitta of r 1 variable in extent. Second metatarsomere wholly pale. Abdomen with matte black posterior margins on terga, and metallic-blue reflections. FEMALE (Figs 16 a – c, 17 a, b). Like male except: Mala more produced; frons wide, strongly regulose, with a medial longitudinal groove extending from ocellar triangle until almost to the lunule; ocellar triangle with bluish reflections and shorter pile; wing apex more distinctly dark; abdominal terga usually metallic-blue and at most lateral margins metallic-green; tergum 5 as a rectangular sclerite. Genitalia (Fig. 17 a, b): tergum and sternum 7 as pair of sclerotized rectangular areas, but tergum with convex medial margins, with a few pile on anterior margin. Tergum 8 as a heavy sclerotized plate, bare. Sternum 8 mostly membranous and more voluminous than tergum 8, lightly sclerotized except for heavier sclerotized basal sub-quadrate area, lateral areas, and apical margin, mostly pilose but bare on lateral sclerotized area. Sternum 9 as half-oval, sclerotized and distinct plate, with baso-medial apodeme laterally compressed, and two pairs of converging linear sclerotizations medially (basal one lighter). Epiproct membranous apically, but as a sclerotized rectangular area basally, with large baso-lateral convex apodemes, pilose on apical 1 / 2 (Fig. 17 a). Cercus oval, baso-lateral corner slightly extended, mostly pilose, positioned apically to epiproct. Hypoproct as a short transversal sclerotized stripe anteriorly and a long transversal sclerotized stripe posteriorly, areas connected medially, pilose only on sclerotized areas. Length. Body 5.80 – 6.60 mm (n = 8), wing 5.00 – 5.60 mm (n = 9); female 6.10 – 7.40 mm (n = 12), wing 5.20 – 6.40 mm (n = 12).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55AE73F33C24C05FF28FD9C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica (Fig. 40). Altitudinal range. 930 – 2800 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55AE73F33C24C05FF28FD9C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is a combination of the last names of two formidable Hymenoptera researchers, Henri Goulet and Lubomir Masner, from the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, who were responsible for collecting a large series of specimens from this species. The name should be treated as a noun in the genitive case.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55AE73F33C24C05FF28FD9C.taxon	discussion	Comments. The larger size (5.8 – 7.4 mm), the wide sub-apical dark vitta on the wing and the appendix on R 2 + 3 should easily separate this species from the others. The female epiproct is unique among the material studied due to the larger baso-lateral areas extended internally as apodemes. This species is endemic to Costa Rica and to altitudes higher than 900 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55AE73F33C24C05FF28FD9C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: COSTA RICA. Cartago, Hwy. # 2, Km 93, 83 ° 45 ' W, 9 ° 36 ' N, 4, 7 & 13. iv. 1985, H. Goulet & L. Masner (male holotype gouletmasnerorum CNC, JSS 41250). Paratypes examined: COSTA RICA. Cartago, Hwy. # 2, Km 93, 83 ° 45 ' W, 9 ° 36 ' N, 4, 7 & 13. iv. 1985, H. Goulet & L. Masner (8 males & 12 females CNC, JSS 41095, 41130 – 37, 41242 – 49, 41251 – 52 & CNC _ Diptera 250195); Estación Tres de Junio [ca 9 ° 41 ' 45.6 " N 83 ° 53 ' 37.0 " W], Km 68, Caret. Interam. Sur, 10. ii. 1996, S. Marshall (1 male DEBU, INBIOCRI 002 240055). Heredia, Cerro Chompipe [ca 10 ° 04 ' 55.7 " N 84 ° 03 ' 58.7 " W], 2100 m, 1. x. 1994, M. A. Zumbado (1 male USNM, USNMENT IBIOCRI 002 443236). San Jose [ca 9 ° 58 ' 17.4 " N 84 ° 10 ' 30.3 " W], 18 km NW División, 2. iii. 1991, D. Webb (1 female CSCA); Cerro Muerte [ca 9 ° 33 ' 58.5 " N 83 ° 45 ' 00.5 " W], 20 km SE Empalme, 2800 m, ??. ii – ??. iii & ??. iii – ??. iv. 1989, Hanson (2 females USNM, USNMENT 01492697 – 8); Est. Cuerici, Send. Por Quebrada los Leones, 4.6 km W of Villa Mills [ca 9 ° 33 ' 52.3 " N 83 ° 42 ' 28.6 " W], 2600 m, 1. xii. 1996, A. Picado (1 male USNM, INBIOCRI 002 494088); San Gerardo de Dota, domain Savegre, Hotel de Moñtana [ca 9 ° 32 ' 46.0 " N 83 ° 48 ' 46.6 " W], 2450 m, 18 – 21. iii. 2007, YT 11 - 20, CR / 2007 / 146 - Pollet, M. Pollet (1 male CSCA), WPT 1 - 10, CR / 2007 / 152 - Pollet, 156 - Pollet & 374 - Pollet (4 males & 1 female CSCA), BPT 1 - 10, CR / 2007 / 154 - Pollet (1 male CSCA); Turbera Tres de Junio, 2650 m, 20. i. 1998, M. A. Zumbado (1 male USNM, INBIOCRI 002 415812).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED559E73B33C2487CFE3CF8E0.taxon	description	Orthonevra 2 (FCT notes) Figs 18 and 19. Map: Fig. 41	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED559E73B33C2487CFE3CF8E0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The unique pattern of the eye (Fig. 18 c, f) separates this species from all other Orthonevra.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED559E73B33C2487CFE3CF8E0.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 18 d – f): metallic blue, face with convexity in profile and ventral ¼ slightly produced anteriorly as a convexity, regulose except on medial-ventral 1 / 3, shiny, pile white and not scale-like; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral do antennal base and separated from it. Antenna brown without metallic reflections, scape and pedicel paler; pedicel twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, longer than pedicel; pile black. Mala produced apico-ventrally, with weak regulae. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle regulose, bare except for lateral row of white pile adjacent to eye margin. Vertical triangle isosceles triangle-shaped, 3 × the length of the eye contiguity, metallic green, bare except for dark erect pile on ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle equilateral, making up 2 / 3 of the vertical triangle. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal ½, homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, with one row of very short black pile, pile becomes slightly longer and white ventrally. Eyes holoptic; sub-anterior sinuous vitta meets medial sinuous vitta in different points making complex patterns, with at least some circular / rectangular spots centrally, and a medial complete fascia, eye darker on medial anterior margin and on postero-ventral margin. Thorax (Fig. 18 d, e): mostly metallic green, pile white, very short, appressed and sparsely distributed, bare medially, pile slightly longer on notopleuron, post-alar callus and anteriorly on scutum; scutum with four complete dark matte vittae, and with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus and on notopleural sulcus; scutum covered by microsculpture; scutellum disk slightly matte black medially and greenish metallic on entire margin, with white pile on apical margin. Pleuron metallic green medially but metallic blue anteriorly and posteriorly, smooth on proepimeron, and katepimeron, remaining with a coarse texture, with densely distributed white microtrichia on proepisternum, with white pile on antepronotum, proepisternum, anteriorly on proepimeron, ventral and dorsal patches on katepisternum, dorsally on posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron, dorsal to the posterior spiracle on the katatergum, and metasternum. Calypter white, with white marginal pile long on both lobes. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 18 e): mostly metallic greenish-black, except trochanters paler, and apex of femora, all tibiae and all tarsomeres 1 – 2 yellow, tarsomeres 3 slightly darker and 4 – 5 dark; pro and metabasitarsomere swollen. Legs covered with short white pile, mesoleg with long black setulae apico-ventrally on tibia and ventrally on tarsus, metafemur with ventral surface covered in black setulae. Wing (Fig. 18 e): with dark narrow sub-apical vitta (from end R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), one narrow vitta sub-apically on r 1, and faintly on dm-m, with a long dark fascia medially on r 2 + 3, two inconspicuous shorter fasciae on r 4 + 5, and a short one on antero-apical corner of dm, wing apex hyaline, stem vein and vein C slightly paler until crossvein h, mostly microtrichose, bare on small basal area of cell cua, immediately posterior to pseudovein; basicosta with dense appressed pale to dark pile, with two more prominent black setae apically. Alula 2 × the width of cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 18 d, e): metallic bluish-black, abdominal terga matte medially, with metallic reflections laterally, pile very short and appressed and inconspicuous, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile black, appressed and very short, white laterally, longer laterally on tergum 2; sterna metallic, with erect white pile; sternum 4 with medial short T-shaped projection and right side slightly extended. Genitalia (Fig. 19 c – f): surstylus gently curving in lateral view, directed apically in dorsal / ventral view, base slightly diamond-shaped, with a sub-apical triangular projection on medial side, with long sparse pile dorso-medially and short sparse pile ventro-apically (Fig. 19 c); cercus sub-triangular; subepandrial arms widening towards surstyli. Hypandrium sub-rectangular, truncate apically and with oval base, with oval notch ventrally, with a carina on each side on apical ½ which extends until ½ way through the ventral surface of the postgonite, with very few pile ventrally, lateral to notch and sub-apically (Fig. 19 d); postgonite finger-like and with triangular carina laterally (Fig. 19 d), and positioned medially on the truncate apex of the hypandrium, pilose except on narrow ventral surface; phallus with straight apex, with two acute projections medio-ventrally that flank the apex of the tubular process, and a deep concavity between it and the long tubular process which curves apically (Fig. 19 f). Variation. Scutellum might seem entirely green metallic. Metatibia might be light brown. FEMALE (Figs 18 a – c, 19 a, b). Like male except: face convexity more gentle; frons wide, more rugose than regulose, with a medial longitudinal groove extending from ocellar triangle through dorsal ¾ of frons, pile white and sparse; ocellar triangle with greenish reflections and longer pile, microsculptured and slightly elevated from vertex; scutellum marginal pile shorter; wing markings more distinct and with a faint dark spot where R 2 + 3 joins the wing margin; tergum 5 as a rectangular sclerite; sterna with a few purplish metallic reflections. Genitalia (Fig. 19 a, b): Tergum 7 as a lightly pigmented rectangular area, virtually bare (two pile insertions visible). Sternum 7 as a sclerotized strip with pile on apical margin. Tergum 8 semi-circular, bare. Sternum 8 heavily sclerotized, with middle-apical area of different texture and apical margin with a sub-triangular indentation, mostly pilose but bare on posterior margin. Sternum 9 drop-shaped, with a heavily sclerotized arc sub-apically. Epiproct sub-rectangular, convex apical margin, with two very short baso-lateral apodemes, pilose on apical margin. Cercus oval, mostly pilose, positioned apically to epiproct. Hypoproct as membranous area with some pigmentation medially, mostly pilose except bare basally. Length. Body 4.64 mm (n = 1), wing 3.49 – 3.70 mm (n = 2); female 5.36 – 5.62 mm (n = 2), wing 4.43 – 4.53 mm (n = 2).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED559E73B33C2487CFE3CF8E0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and São Paulo) (Fig. 41). Altitudinal range. 300 – 1700 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED559E73B33C2487CFE3CF8E0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin form of the Greek ‘ hypnotikus’ (sleep-inducing), alluding to the hypnotic patterns that the markings of the eyes form in this species. It should be treated as an adjective.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED559E73B33C2487CFE3CF8E0.taxon	discussion	Comments. The eye pattern of this species, forming two circles flanking the middle fascia, is unique among the species studied.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED559E73B33C2487CFE3CF8E0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia (= Seara), 27 º 11 ’ S 52 º 23 ’ W, 300 – 500 m, ??. xi. 1969, Fritz Plaumann (male holotype hypnotica CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171383). Paratypes examined: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia (= Seara), 27 º 11 ’ S 52 º 23 ’ W, 300 – 500 m, ??. xi. 1970, Fritz Plaumann (1 female USNM, USNMENT 01492699). São Paulo, Barueri [ca 23 ° 29 ’ 35.1 ” S 46 ° 54 ’ 28.8 ” W], 12. viii. 1957, K. Lenko (1 male USNM, USNMENT 00028636); Campos do Jordão [ca 22 ° 46 ’ 06.5 ” S 45 ° 35 ’ 51.0 ” W], 15. vii. 1957, K. Lenko (1 female USNM, USNMENT 01492710); Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Maria, 29 ° 43 ’ 06.4 ” S 53 ° 43 ’ 44.0 ” W, 15. viii. 2022, (1 male, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 130966193].	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55DE73533C24FD0FBA2FEE0.taxon	description	Fig. 20. Map: Fig. 40	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55DE73533C24FD0FBA2FEE0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The facial microtrichose maculae greatly distanced from the antennal insertions, and only having the first two metatarsomeres pale, distinguishes this species from the similar O. neiae. Diagnosis. MALE. Head (Fig. 20 a – c): metallic blue, face with slight convexity in profile and ventral 1 / 4 slightly produced anteriorly as a strong convexity, regulose except for smooth ventral 1 / 3, shiny, pile white, short, not scale-like and very sparse; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral do antennal base and widely separated (twice the macula’s width) from it. Antenna yellowish brown, scape and pedicel slightly darker and with slight metallic reflections dorsally, post-pedicel paler on basal 1 / 2; pedicel twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, 1.5 × the length of the pedicel. Mala produced apico-ventrally, smooth. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, ventral 1 / 2 mostly smooth and slightly expanded, dorsal 1 / 2 rugose, bare except for distinct erect pile anterior to eye contiguity and following the eye margin. Vertical triangle isosceles triangle-shaped, around 3 × as long as eye contiguity, metallic green, mostly bare with some inconspicuous black pile posteriorly; ocellar triangle equilateral, black, smooth, and bare. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, ventral 2 / 3 homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, very inconspicuous pile on dorsal 1 / 3, with a few sparse, long and white, pile on ventral 1 / 4. Eyes holoptic; with a sub-anterior slightly sinuous vitta, and a straight middle vitta, and a small fasciate macula anteromedially, eyes darker on ventral 1 / 2 of posterior margin. Thorax (Fig. 20 a, b): metallic green, pile white, very short, appressed and sparsely distributed, bare on matte areas; scutum with three complete dark matte vittae fused posteriorly by a narrow matte fascia, medial one wide and wider posteriorly, sub-medial pair narrower and tapering posteriorly, vittae with purple reflections, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; scutellum metallic green with medial matte black vitta extending from base to apex, as wide as medial vitta on scutum, bare, only with microtrichia. Pleuron mostly with sparse microtrichia, with short white pile on proepisternum (barely visible), anterior anepimeron, on ventral patch on katepisternum, and on katatergum. Calypter white with white marginal pile, ventral lobe with longer marginal pile. Plumule yellowish. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 20 b): metallic green, except pale brown trochanters, and yellow apex of all femora, whole protibia, basal 1 / 2 of mesotibia, basal 1 / 3 of metatibia, and first two tarsomeres, last three tarsomeres dark; pro and metabasitarsomere swollen. Legs covered with short yellow pile, mesoleg with long black setulae apico-ventrally on tibia and ventrally on tarsus, metafemur apical 1 / 2 with ventral surface with a few black setulae. Wing (Fig. 20 a, b): hyaline, with dark vitta sub-apically (from the end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), weaker sub-apically in r 1, dark on apex, and with fasciate maculae in r 2 + 3, r 4 + 5 (two), and dm, stem vein and vein C orange until crossvein h, wing bare on most of bm and baso-anteriorly on cua; basicosta with sparse appressed white pile, without prominent setae apically. Alula 2 × the width of cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 20 a, b): metallic blue-green, terga matte black on large medial rectangular area, terminalia wholly metallic, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile white, erect and inconspicuous, much longer and distinct baso-laterally on tergum 2; sterna metallic blue, with white pile; sternum 4 with right side slightly extended. Genitalia (Fig. 20 d – f): surstylus overall crooked, bent in a right angle at basal 1 / 4, base slightly wider, apex curving and directed medially, with short pile sparsely distributed, left surstylus with a medial lamina (Fig. 20 d); cercus pickaxe-shaped. Hypandrium compressed medially, with ventral opening forming a small pocket for the base of the phallus, and flanked by short laminae (Fig. 20 e, f); postgonites wide and tapering apically, with sparse pile baso-laterally; phallus mostly straight but apex gently curving ventrally, with two concavities at base (anterior to basal tubular process), basal tubular process short (Fig. 20 e). FEMALE. No females recorded. Length. Body 4.57 mm (n = 1), wing 3.06 mm (n = 1).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55DE73533C24FD0FBA2FEE0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Peru (Fig. 40). Altitudinal range. 250 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55DE73533C24FD0FBA2FEE0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a combination of the Latin words ‘ minuo’ (lessen, reduce, lower) + ‘ setula’ (small bristle) and alludes to the reduced number of ventral setulae on the metafemur. It should be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55DE73533C24FD0FBA2FEE0.taxon	discussion	Comments. Very close to O. neiae sp. nov. in terms of external morphology, however, besides the distinct genitalia, major differences are pointed out in the key. No pile was observed on the antepronota, a unique condition among the material studied. Since no female was recorded, it remains unknown if it shares the unique condition of tergum 5 as seen in O. neiae sp. nov.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED55DE73533C24FD0FBA2FEE0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: PERU. Madre de Dios, Manu, Rio Manu, Pakitza, 12 7 ’ S 70 58 ’ W, 250 m, 9 – 23. ix. 1988, W. N. Mathis (male holotype minuosetulata USNM, USNMENT 01492706).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED552E73633C24988FE9BFEC4.taxon	description	Figs 21 and 22. Map: Fig. 40	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED552E73633C24988FE9BFEC4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to O. nitidula, but the eye pattern is more complex (Fig. 21 c, f) in O. nebulosa.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED552E73633C24988FE9BFEC4.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 21 d – f): metallic bluish-green, face convex in profile and ventral ¼ slightly produced anteriorly as a strong convexity, strongly regulose except on medial ventral ½ and lateral ventral 1 / 3, shiny, with sparse white pile; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and separated from it. Antenna yellow, except post-pedicel dark with pale base; pedicel 2.5 × the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, 1.25 × the length of the pedicel. Mala slightly produced apico-ventrally, with weak regulae. Gena shiny, with weak microsculpture, with white pile. Frontal triangle regulose except on lunule, with median longitudinal crease from eye contiguity until dorsal to lunule, with erect, white pile restricted to a row on the lateral margin adjacent to eye margin. Vertical triangle isosceles-shaped, 1.5 × longer than eye contiguity, with erect white pile restricted to ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle with a rough texture, taking up 2 / 3 of the vertex. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal ½, ventral ½ homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, with a row of short black pile on dorsal ½, becoming inconspicuous on ventral 3 rd / 4 and long and white ventrally. Eyes holoptic; with two strongly sinuous vittae anteriorly, merging in several points, and one almost straight sub-posterior vitta which connects to middle vitta dorsally and to middle vitta and posterior margin ventrally, and a medial fascia, pattern forms a circle dorso-anteriorly and two others posteriorly dorsal and ventral to fascia, eyes darker on anterior margin between the ends of the anterior vitta, and on ventral ½ of the posterior margin. Thorax (Fig. 21 d, e): metallic black-green, pile short, erect, white and densely distributed; scutum with four dark matte vittae, all tapering anteriorly, and with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; scutellum metallic-green, with apical margin flattened, with short, erect, white and sparse pile, more concentrated laterally. Pleuron smooth on proepimeron, anteriorly on anepisternum and katepisternum, and katepimeron, remaining with a coarse texture, with long white pile on antepronotum, anteriorly on proepimeron, ventral patch on katepisternum, and dorsal to the posterior spiracle on the katatergum, with short pile on posterior anepisternum, dorsal patch on katepisternum, anterior anepimeron, and metasternum, and very short on proepisternum. Calypter white with long marginal pile on ventral lobe. Plumule white. Halter yellow. Legs (Fig. 21 e): metallic black, except yellow on first two pro- and mesotarsomeres and three metatarsomeres; pro and metabasitarsomere swollen. Legs covered with short appressed white pile, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with ventral surface covered in black setulae. Wing (Fig. 21 d, e): mostly hyaline, with dark narrow sub-apical vitta (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), one vitta sub-apically on r 1, and faintly on dm-m, with a dark spot on the apex of cell r 2 + 3, also with two small dark fasciae inside r 4 + 5 and one inside dm (Fig. 21 e), stem vein pale until crossvein h and C only at base (not reaching h), mostly microtrichose, bare on small middle area of cell r, bm and basally posterior to pseudovein on cua; basicosta with dense appressed pale to dark pile, with at least one more prominent black setae apically. Alula 2 × the width of cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 21 d, e): metallic black with some green reflections, terga matte microtrichose in large medial rectangular area, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile black, appressed and very short, white laterally on terga 1 and 2, longer baso-laterally on tergum 2; sterna with white appressed pile; sternum 4 slightly extended on right side. Genitalia (Fig. 22 c – f): surstylus bent in a right angle at basal 1 / 3, base slightly wider, with a medial oval fenestra, rest of surstylus directed medially, apex ovulate but with short acute ventral projection, with short pile sparsely distributed (Fig. 22 c); cercus sub-triangular, dorsal margin straight. Hypandrium ventral notch T-shaped (Fig. 22 d); postgonites laminate, oval and wide, with densely distributed pile on most of the dorso-lateral surface; phallus short, with three ventral dens (when seen in profile), basal 2 / 3 flanked on both sides by ventral carina, basal tubular process arises from dorsal surface of phallus, but under the phallapodeme, curving around the base and ending at the ventral base, between the base of the lateral carinae (Fig. 22 f). FEMALE (Figs 21 a – c, 22 a, b). Like male except: face convexity more gentle; frons regulose except around antennal base, with median longitudinal crease from ocellar triangle until middle of frons, with sparse, short, erect, white pile, except bare dorsal to lunule, and with a ventro-lateral row of white pile adjacent to eye margin; vertex with short, erect, white pile; ocellar triangle with a coarse texture, with short, erect, white pile; eyes with two strongly sinuous vittae and one almost straight sub-posterior vitta which connects to middle vitta dorsally and to posterior margin ventrally, middle vitta forms a loop on dorsal and ventral halves, and a medial fascia (Fig. 21 c). Genitalia (Fig. 22 a, b): Tergum and sternum 7 as pair of sclerotized rectangular areas, with a few pile on anterior margin, much longer on sternum. Tergum 8 as a pair of small, heavy sclerotized, rectangular plates, bare. Sternum 8 more voluminous than tergum, with a U-shaped sclerotized area and an apico-medial concavity, with large apical depression on each side, wholly pilose. Sternum 9 as half-oval, lightly sclerotized, with a long heavily sclerotized internal tube connecting the genital opening to the three spermathecal ducts. Epiproct lightly sclerotized, convex apical margin, without apodemes, pile restricted to pair of lateral patches. Cercus oval, pilose, positioned apically to epiproct. Hypoproct as a pentagonal sclerotized area, narrowed sub-apically, pilose. Length. Body 4.74 – 5.05 mm (n = 3), wing 3.64 – 3.96 mm (n = 3); female 5.16 mm (n = 1), wing 3.98 mm (n = 1).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED552E73633C24988FE9BFEC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica and Mexico (Fig. 40). Altitudinal range. 540 – 750 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED552E73633C24988FE9BFEC4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet derives from the Latin ‘ nebula’ (fog, mist, cloud) and alludes to the swirling shapes of the eye markings, similar in shape to the star-forming regions of space. The specific epithet should be treated as an adjective.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED552E73633C24988FE9BFEC4.taxon	discussion	Comments. Orthonevra nebulosa sp. nov. and O. nitidula are the only species that have a sub-posterior vitta on the eye, beside the extra vitta on the scutum of O. nitidula, O. nebulosa sp. nov. can be distinguished by the more complex eye pattern (anterior vittae merge in different points forming loops). The dorsal origin and the strong curving of the basal tubular process of the phallus is very distinct in this species (Fig. 22 f); some species (e. g. O. neotropica) curve in a similar manner but not as strongly.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED552E73633C24988FE9BFEC4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: MEXICO. Chiapas, Cacahoatan [ca 15 ° 00 ’ 22.6 ” N 92 ° 10 ’ 13.0 ” W], 7 km N, 22. iv. 1983, W. N. Mathis (male holotype nebulosa USNM, USNMENT 00028635). Paratypes examined: COSTA RICA. Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Orosí [ca 9 ° 47 ’ 01.5 ” N 83 ° 51 ’ 14.4 ” W], Send Maritza-Cacao, 750 m, 17. ii. 1996, S. Marshall (1 male USNM, INBIOCRI 002 515857); Estacion Maritza [ca 10 ° 57 ’ 24.9 ” N 85 ° 29 ’ 42.9 ” W], 600 m, 13. ii. 1996, S. Marshall (1 male DEBU, INBIOCRI 002 239978). MEXICO. Chiapas, Simojovel [ca 17 ° 08 ’ 29.5 ” N 92 ° 42 ’ 23.8 ” W], 9 - 10. vi. 1969, H. J. Teskey, (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171120).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED551E73033C249D1FC66F8C8.taxon	description	Figs 23 and 24. Map: Fig. 40	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED551E73033C249D1FC66F8C8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species could be confused with O. minuosetulata, but O. neiae has the first three metatarsomeres pale and the facial microtrichose maculae closer to the antennal insertions.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED551E73033C249D1FC66F8C8.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 23 d – f): metallic blue-green, face with slight convexity in profile and ventral 1 / 4 slightly produced anteriorly as a strong convexity, strongly regulose except ventrally, shiny, pile white and not scale-like; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and separated by the macula’s width from it. Antenna brown, scape and pedicel with bluish metallic reflections and yellowish apically, post-pedicel paler baso-ventrally and dorso-apically; pedicel almost twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, almost twice the length of the pedicel. Mala produced apico-ventrally, with weak regulae. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, uniformly regulose, bare except for distinct erect pile anterior to eye contiguity. Vertical triangle isosceles triangle-shaped, around 2 × longer than eye contiguity, metallic, pile white and sparse; ocellar triangle black but with purple reflections and bare, except for sparse microtrichia; occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, ventral 2 / 3 homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, very inconspicuous pile on dorsal 1 / 3, with a few sparse pile on ventral 1 / 4. Eyes holoptic; with an anterior straight vitta, a sub-anterior slightly sinuous vitta, and a straight middle vitta, and fragments of a medial fascia (one short fragment anteriorly, not reaching sub-anterior vitta, and another posterior to the sub-anterior vitta and not reaching the middle vitta), eyes darker on ventral 1 / 2 of posterior margin. Thorax (Fig. 23 d, e): metallic blue-green, pile white, short, appressed and sparsely distributed, bare on matte areas; scutum with three complete dark matte vittae fused posteriorly by a narrow matte fascia, medial one wide and wider posteriorly, sub-medial pair narrower and tapering posteriorly, vittae with purple reflections, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus (Fig. 23 d, e); notopleuron metallic green; scutellum metallic blue with medial matte black quadrangular area extending from base to apex, as wide as medial vitta on scutum (Fig. 23 d), bare, only with microtrichia. Pleuron mostly with sparse microtrichia, with short white pile on antepronotum (anterior to anterior spiracle), proepisternum and ventral katepisternum, very inconspicuous pile elsewhere. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with long white marginal pile, ventral lobe darker and with long black marginal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 23 e): metallic blue, except pale brown trochanters, and yellow on apex of all femora, whole pro- and mesotibia, basal 1 / 2 of metatibia, and first three tarsomeres, last two tarsomeres dark; pro and metabasitarsomere swollen. Legs covered with short yellow pile, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with antero-ventral row and ventral surface with black setulae. Wing (Fig. 23 d, e): grayish, with dark vitta sub-apically (from the end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), weaker sub-apically on r 1, dark on apex, and with fasciate maculae in r 2 + 3, r 4 + 5 (two), and dm (Fig. 23 d), stem vein and vein C orange until crossvein h, wing bare on most of bm and baso-anteriorly on cua; basicosta with dense appressed white pile, with one more prominent white setae apically. Alula large, 3 × the width of cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 23 d, e): metallic blue-green, terga matte black in large medial rectangular area, terminalia wholly metallic, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile white, erect and short; sterna metallic blue, with white pile; sternum 4 with right side slightly extended. Genitalia (Fig. 24 d – f): surstylus bent in a 90 ° angle at basal 1 / 3, base slightly wider, with medial dorsal notch, apex slightly directed ventrally, with short pile sparsely distributed (Fig. 24 d); cercus triangular. Hypandrium compressed medially (Fig. 24 f); postgonites acute apically, fused to hypandrium, with sparse pile apically; phallus ‘ hook-shaped’ and heavily sclerotized apically, three-pronged medio-ventrally, phallotrema on a very short elevation on the wall of the phallus (basal tubular process very short, Fig. 24 e). Variation. White microtrichose macula of face can be 1.5 × distanced from antennal base. Pedicel and postpedicel pale brown to dark brown. Eyes sometimes with medial fascia connecting the sub-anterior and middle vittae. Scutum with medial vittae narrowly separated, sometimes not reaching the anterior margin of scutum. Some specimens with more green or blue reflections. Notopleuron metallic purple. With very short pile on small tubercles close to the position of where the subscutellar fringe would be. Abdomen with metallic green reflections. FEMALE (Figs 23 a – c, 24 a – c). Like male except: frons metallic blue, wide, strongly regulose, with a medial longitudinal groove extending from ocellar triangle through the basal 2 / 3 of the frons; ocellar triangle much smaller and usually matte black, rarely with purple reflections, smooth; tergum 5 divided into two plates (Fig. 24 a). Genitalia (Fig. 24 a – c): Tergum 7 as roughly sclerotized squared areas, bare. Sternum 7 as a sclerotized strip, might be slightly separated medially, with pile on apical margin. Tergum 8 as two rectangular plates, bare. Sternum 8 circular in ventral view but with concave apical margin, heavily sclerotized, mostly pilose but bare on lateral and posterior margins. Sternum 9 as half-oval, sclerotized and distinct plate, with medial internal long sclerotized tube connected to the genital opening medially on sternum 9. Epiproct dorsal surface convex, sub-rectangular, convex apical margin, with two very short baso-lateral apodemes, pilose on apical 2 / 3. Cercus oval, short, mostly pilose, positioned apically to epiproct. Hypoproct as an arched sclerotized area, pilose, with pile extending medioposteriorly onto the membranous area. Length. Body 3.80 – 4.50 mm (n = 21), wing 2.60 – 3.22 mm (n = 21); female 3.65 – 4.87 mm (n = 15), wing 2.87 – 3.62 mm (n = 13).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED551E73033C249D1FC66F8C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Pará and Tocantins) (Fig. 40). Altitudinal range. 30 – 1050 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED551E73033C249D1FC66F8C8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is a matronymic derived from MMMS’s mother’s name. It should be treated as a noun in the genitive case.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED551E73033C249D1FC66F8C8.taxon	discussion	Comments. The female epiproct is similar to that of O. shannoni, and both are similar to O. nitidula, but both are smaller and with a straight basal margin. Furthermore, the female of O. neiae sp. nov. is the only species with a divided tergum 5 (but see comment on O. minuosetulata sp. nov.). This species is endemic to Brazil, although some records are right at the border with Bolivia, Colombia and Peru, and most records are located under 500 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED551E73033C249D1FC66F8C8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: BRAZIL. Roraima, Caracaraí, P. N. Viruá, arm. Malaise, 1 º 29 ' 23.3 " N 61 º 00 ' 08.7 " W, 19. iv. 2015, J. A. Rafael, R. A. Heleodoro, D. M. M. Mendes, D. W. A. Marques & C. Maldaner (male holotype neiae INPA, INPA-DIP 004060). Paratypes examined: BRAZIL. Acre, Sen. Guiomard, F. E. Catuaba, 10 º 04 ' 28 " S - 67 º 37 ' 00 " W, viii-ix. 2017, malaise, E. F. Morato & J. A. Rafael cols-Rede BIA (2 male, 1 female INPA); Mâncio Lima, PARNA Serra do Divisor, Igarapé da caverna (# 10), 7.447581 S, 73.682497 W, 250 m alt, 18 - 26. vii. 2022 / Malaise, G. R. Desidério, A. M. O. Pes, J. O. Silva, R. B. Pinedo, H. L. M. S. Ferreira legs. (1 female, INPA). Amapá, Serra do Navio [ca 0 ° 54 ' 26.5 " N 52 ° 00 ' 12.7 " W], 19. x. 1957, J. Lane (1 female MZUSP, USNMENT 01492610). Amazonas, Manaus, Res. Ducke [ca 2 ° 56 ' 50.5 " S 59 ° 56 ' 02.3 " W], Igarapé Tinga, Armadilha malaise 3, 13 - 23. x. 2004, A. Henriques (1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 004058); Novo Aripuanã, Res. Soka, Malaise seca, 05 º 15 ' 53 " S 60 º 07 ' 08 " W, 17 - 25. viii. 1999, J. Vidal & A. L. Henriques (1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 0000185); S. Izabel R. Negro, Maturaca [ca 0 ° 37 ' 36.1 " N 66 ° 07 ' 27.0 " W], Arm Malaise, 11 - 13. x. 1990, J. A. Rafael (1 male INPA, INPA-DIP 001634). Distrito Federal, Brasília, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas (ESECAE), Córrego Tabatinga (Cerrado), 20. iv. 2018, 1047 m, Malaise, 15 º 32 ' 43.3 " S 47 º 33 ' 58.4 " W, Desidério & G. R., Campos, C. A. (1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 001954). Maranhão, C. Mendes, Fazenda 7 Irmãos, Arm. Malaise, 01 º 52 ' 06 " S 45 º 45 ' 59.7 " W, 15 - 31. x. 2018, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, D. Limeira & J. S. Brito (1 male & 1 female CZMA); Carolina, PARNA Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Cancela, 225 m, 07 º 06 ' 44.2 S 47 º 17 ' 56.8 " W, Armadilha de Malaise, 11 - 14. vi. 2013, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, J. T. Câmara & A. A. Santos (1 male & 1 female CZMA); Pq. N. Chapada das Mesas, Cachoeira da Prata [ca 6 ° 59 ' 37.7 " S 47 ° 09 ' 56.4 " W], Armadilha Shannon, 25 - 30. vi. 2009, A. L. Costa, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & P. A. M. Moraes (1 male CZMA); Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base dos Cagádos, Armadilha de Malaise, 06 º 48 ' 29 " S 45 º 06 ' 34 " W, 27. ix- 02. x. 2011, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & D. W. A. Marques (1 female CZMA); Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base da Geraldina, 06 º 37 ' 25 " S 45 º 52 ' 08 " W, Armadilha de Malaise, 30. vii – 6. viii. 2011, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & D. W. A. Marques (6 males & 2 females CZMA); Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base da Geraldina, 06 º 37 ' 25 " S 45 º 52 ' 08 " W, Armadilha de Malaise, 28. ix – 1. x. 2006, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira (1 male CZMA); Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base da Geraldina, 06 º 37 ' 25 " S 45 º 52 ' 08 " W, varredura, 14 – 18. viii. 2012, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, J. S. Pinto Júnior & D. W. A. Marques (2 males & 1 female CZMA); Ribamar Fiquene [ca 5 ° 56 ' 10.0 " S 47 ° 22 ' 59.4 " W], arm. Malaise, 13. xii. 2001, J. A. Rafael, F. L. Oliveira & J. Vidal (1 male INPA, INPA-DIP 001633); São Pedro da Água Branca, Faz. Sta Rosa, 05 º 07 ’ 07 ’’ S 48 º 15 ’ 19 ’’ W, arm. Malaise, 06. xii. 2001, J. A. Rafael, F. L. Oliveira & J. Vidal (1 male & 1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 001631 – 2). Pará, Parauapebas, Serra Norte [ca 6 ° 05 ' 18.5 " S 50 ° 11 ' 44.0 " W], Fofoca, 28. iv. 1984, R. B. Neto (1 female MPEG, MPEG DIP 12170061); Rio Xingu Camp, 60 km south of Alt [a] mir [a], 52 º 22 ' W 3 º 39 ' [S], 2 – 8. x. 1986, P. Spangler & O. S. Flint (3 females USNM, USNMENT 01492609, … 701 & … 709); Tucuruí, Morro do Senador, Malaise, 03 º 59 ' 23 " S 49 º 44 ' 45 " W, ??. xii. 2001, J. A. Rafael & J. Vidal (1 male INPA, INPA-DIP 004061). Roraima, Caracaraí, Serra da Mocidade 1.050 m, Malaise, 1 º 42 ' N 61 º 47 ' W, 25. i – 06. ii. 2016, M. Oliveira, FF Xavier Fº & T. Mahlmann (3 males & 2 females INPA); Caracaraí, P. N. Viruá, arm. Malaise, 1 º 29 ' 23.3 " N 61 º 00 ' 08.7 " W, 19. iv. 2015, J. A. Rafael, R. A. Heleodoro, D. M. M. Mendes, D. W. A. Marques & C. Maldaner (1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 004060). Tocantins, Palmas, Pq. Est. Lajeado, Ig. Da Onça, Malaise, 10 º 06 ' 44 " S 48 º 15 ' 31 " W, 28. xii. 2017, G. Amora & J. O. Silva (2 males & 1 female INPA, INPA-DIP 001951 – 3).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED555E72F33C249CBFB20FE54.taxon	description	Redescription. MALE. Head (Fig. 25 d – f): metallic blue, face with slight convexity in profile and ventral ¼ slightly produced anteriorly as a convexity, strongly regulose except for smooth area between the oral margin and dorsal convexity, shiny, with sparse white pile and not scale-like; with white microtrichose subtriangular patches laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and separated from it. Antenna yellow, except post-pedicel dark with pale base; pedicel almost twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, 1.5 × the length of the pedicel. Mala slightly produced apico-ventrally, smooth. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, regulose, bare except for distinct erect pile anterior to eye contiguity and following eye margin, with median longitudinal groove not reaching the lunule. Vertical triangle isosceles-triangle-shaped, 3 × the length of the eye contiguity, black metallic, with erect white pile; ocellar triangle black, bare. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, ventral 2 / 3 homogeneously covered in white microtrichia, with short black pile on dorsal 1 / 3, with sparse pile on ventral ¼. Eyes holoptic; with strongly sinuous sub-anterior and middle vittae, and a medial fascia interrupted anterior to the sub-anterior vitta and posterior to the middle vitta, eyes darker on anterior and postero-ventral margins. Thorax (Fig. 25 d, e): metallic blue, uniformly covered with short, erect, black pile; scutum with four complete dark matte vittae, medial pair tapering anteriorly, sub-medial pair slightly diverging anterior to transverse sulcus, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; notopleuron metallic blue; scutellum metallic blue with medial darker rectangular area, not reaching the apex, covered with pale pile on small tubercles. Pleuron metallic blue with sparse microtrichia, with short white pile on antepronotum, proepisternum, posterior anepisternum, anteriorly on anepimeron and dorsal and ventral patches on katepisternum and katatergum. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with white marginal pile, ventral lobe white and with longer white marginal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 25 e): metallic blue, except trochanters, apex of all femora, base of all tibiae pale brown, tarsomeres dark, except all tarsomeres 1 – 2 yellow. Legs covered with short yellow pile, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with antero-ventral row and ventral surface with short, black setae. Wing (Fig. 25 d, e): grayish, with dark vittae sub-apically (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), sub-apically on r 1, faintly on dm-m, and with dark apex, with one weak fasciate macula in cells r 2 + 3 and dm and two in r 4 + 5; stem vein and vein C pale until crossvein h, mostly microtrichose except for bare area basally on cell cua, posterior to pseudovein; basicosta with dense appressed dark pile, with two more prominent black setae apically. Alula large, 2 × the width of the cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 25 d, e): metallic blue, terga matte black microtrichose in large medial rectangular area, only tergum 5 with posterior margin still metallic, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile white, erect and short; sterna metallic blue, with white pile, sternum 4 with right side slightly produced. Genitalia (Fig. 26 c – i): surstylus gently curving, with a weak sub-apical notch, narrowing at apex (in dorsal / ventral view), slightly directed ventrally like a dens, with short pile sparsely distributed; cercus sub-triangular, with straight dorsal margin, with short pile (Fig. 26 c, d). Hypandrium compressed submedially, with anterior ventral notch V-shaped through ½ the length of the hypandrium, notch with apical triangular lamina on each side; postgonites oval but with dorsal surface slightly folding towards middle, with dense pile on apical and ventro-lateral surfaces; phallus long, slightly concave ventrally and ventral surface open, with wider area sub-apically (Fig. 26 e) [possibly an issue of preparation due to the open nature of the ventral surface (Fig. 26 i)], and apex slightly more sclerotized, three-pronged medio-ventrally, apical prongs with rounded apex and one longer basal prong with truncate apex, basal tubular process as a long heavily sclerotized tube, hook-shaped, directed apically and ending ventral to basal prong of the phallus (Fig. 26 e). Variation. Vertical triangle might have mostly black pile. Eye sometimes with a sub-posterior straight vitta (sometimes only visible on dorsal portion). Scutum vittae might be connected by a narrow fascia posteriorly, pile might be white. Cell cua sometimes with a narrow bare area (posterior to the pseudovein). Surstylus might be wider and sub-apical notch more distinct (Fig. 26 f). Phallus not widened sub-apically (possibly because it did not collapse as in other O. neotropica specimens (Fig. 26 h, i )). FEMALE (Figs 25 a – c, 26 a, b). Like male except: frons metallic blue, wide, strongly regulose, with a medial longitudinal groove extending from ocellar triangle through the basal 2 / 3 of the frons; ocellar triangle with a few short pale hairs; basal ½ of pro- and mesofemur and basal 1 / 3 of metafemur yellow. Genitalia: Tergum 7 as lightly sclerotized rectangular areas, sparsely pilose. Sternum 7 rectangular and narrow, with sparse pile on apical margin. Tergum 8 rectangular, bare. Sternum 8 large, with an apical margin shallowly concave, pilose but bare on posterior margin. Sternum 9 as circular, sclerotized and distinct plate, genital opening more apically placed. Epiproct sub-rectangular, convex apical margin, with two very short baso-lateral apodemes, pilose on apical ½. Cercus sub-oval, with obliquely truncate basal margin, mostly pilose, positioned apically to epiproct. Hypoproct as membranous area with some pigmentation medially, mostly pilose. Length. Body 4.48 – 4.90 mm (n = 4), wing 3.8 – 4.06 mm (n = 3); female 4.53 – 4.95 mm (n = 4), wing 3.75 – 4.69 mm (n = 4).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED555E72F33C249CBFB20FE54.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina and São Paulo) and Paraguay (Fig. 40). Altitudinal range. 150 – 1000 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED555E72F33C249CBFB20FE54.taxon	discussion	Comments. Some specimens with a sub-posterior vitta on the eye could be confused with O. nitidula, but O. neotropica specimens have an interrupted middle eye fascia, lack the scutum sub-lateral vitta of O. nitidula, and have a vittate macula on r 1.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED555E72F33C249CBFB20FE54.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: PARAGUAY. Cordillera, S [an] Bernardino [ca 25 ° 15 ’ 54.9 ” S 57 ° 18 ’ 55.5 ” W], ??. ??. ???, K. Fiebrig (female holotype neotropica USNM, USNMENT 01492700). Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Paraná, Castro, Parque Est. Guartelá 24 ° 33 ’ 45 ’’ S 50 ° 15 ’ 32 ’’ W, 1000 m, 10. xi. 2007, J. A. Rafael & P. Grossi, Arm. Malaise (INPA, INPA-DIP 002439); Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia, 27 ° 11 ’ S 52 ° 23 ’’ W, ??. ix. 1952, ??. xi. 1952 and ??. xi. 1964, Plaumann F. (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171384, 1 male USNM, USNMENT 00028641, and 1 female MZUSP, USNMENT 01492692); São Paulo, Barueri [ca 23 ° 29 ’ 35.14 ” S, 46 ° 54 ’ 28.84 ” W], 17. viii. 1957 and 28. xi. 1958, K. Lenko (2 females MZUSP, USNMENT 01492693 & USNMENT 01492694); …, São Luiz do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, Arm. Suspensa septo amarelo [= canopy trap, yellow internal division], 988 m alt, 23.319125 ° S 45.084042 ° W, 25. v – 02. vii. 2023, A. M. Pes, C. F. Doto, G. C. Mendes, J. O. Silva & R. Pinedo-Garcia (3 males and 1 female INPA, MMMS 0075 – 78). PARAGUAY. Guairá, Villarica [ca 25 ° 45 ’ 31.4 ” S 56 ° 25 ’ 23.7 ” W], ??.?. ????, F. Schade (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171382).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED548E72833C24862FA48FA60.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Pile of the face short and scale-like (Fig. 27 c, f); eye with sub-anterior and middle very sinuous vittae (the former only ventrally) and complete fascia; scutum with 6 long more matte and darker vittae, medial pair tapering anteriorly and sub-medial pairs connect on both of their ends, also with a shorter and narrower sub-lateral vitta connected posteriorly to sub-medial pair, and a lateral vittate macula posterior to the transverse sulcus (Fig. 27 a, e); wing with narrow dark vitta sub-apically (until anterior half of M 1) and sub-apically on r 1, vein M 1 with slight angle medially (directed inwards to cell r 4 + 5); basicosta with appressed black pile and two more prominent black setae apically; male genitalia asymmetrical [left surstylus bent in a right angle at basal 1 / 3 (Fig. 28 d), right surstylus with dorsal short lobe and ventral elongated lobe (Fig. 28 c)]. Length. Body 4.48 – 5.99 mm (n = 3), wing 3.70 – 4.53 mm (n = 3); female 5.05 – 6.35 mm (n = 3), wing 4.11 – 5.16 mm (n = 3).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED548E72833C24862FA48FA60.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Canada (southern Ontario to Nova Scotia), USA (Wisconsin to Massachusetts, south to Arizona and Texas) (Fig. 41).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED548E72833C24862FA48FA60.taxon	discussion	Comments. As a small correction to Sedman’s (1964) original observation on the asymmetrical male genitalia, it is the right surstylus that bears the dorsal lobe, not the left one. Records of specimens on flowers of Anemone, Baccharis, Aruncus, Ceanothus, Fragaria, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pastinaca, Prunus, Salix, and Viburnum (Skevington et al. 2019 and notes on studied specimen labels). No map was generated for this species since it is restricted to the Nearctic region.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED548E72833C24862FA48FA60.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: CANADA. Ontario, Dwyer Hill, 22. vi. 1984, J. R. Vockeroth (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 107481); London, Middlesex Co., 30. vi. 1985, D. M. Wood (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 111457); Metcalfe, 20. x. 1985, B. E. Cooper (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 107551); Strathroy, 5. vii. 1925, H. F. Hudson (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47449); Windsor, Ojibway prairie, spring garden, 42 ° 15 ’ 24 ’’ N 83 ° 02 ’ 59 ’’ W, 10. vii. 2004, J. H. Skevington & L. Bartels (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 264); Quebec, Beechgrove, 45 ° 39 ’ N 76 ° 8 ’ W, 27. vi. 1989, J. R. Vockeroth (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 111425); Gatineau Co., Masham Twp., sphagnum bog, 3 – 7. vi. 1974, D. M. Wood (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47429). USA. Georgia, Brasstown Bald, Ga. Towns & Union Cos., 4700 ’, 1. vi. 1965, J. G. Chilcott (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 562); Illinois, McDonough Co. Macomb, 11 – 12. vi. 1963,? (3 males CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47439 – 41); Scott Co., Bluffs, 29. viii. 1951, A. T. McClay (1 male and 2 females CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47444 – 6); Iowa, Lk. Anita, prairie grass, 11. vii. 1984, H. Goulet (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 107485); Maryland, Galena, Jct. 313 & 301, 17. vi. 1964, J. G. Chilcott (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47448); Patuxent, 5. viii. 1979, E. E. Grissell & M. Schauff (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 107486); Mississippi, Ag. Coll. Miss., ??. v. 1920, F. M. Hull (1 male and 1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 561 & 47425); Lafayette Co., ??. ??. ???, F. M. Hull (5 males and 3 females CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47442, 109754, 109756 – 8, 109760, 109766, 109771); …, ??. v. 1945, F. M. Hull (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47438); …, ??. v – ??. vi. 1955, F. M. Hull (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47437); …, ??. v – ??. vi. 1962, F. M. Hull (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47424); Oxford, ??. vi. 1941, F. M. Hull (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47434); …, ??. iv. 1948, F. M. Hull (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47426); Nebraska, Dawson Co., Willow Island, 21. viii. 1957, A. T. McClay (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171381); New Jersey, Atco, 12. vii. ???, C. W. Johnson (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47432); Riverton, 29. vi. 1920, F. M. Hull (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47431); Waterrock Knob, 6 mi E, Mi. 445, 3500 ’, 9. vi. 1965, J. G. Chilcott (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 564); New York, Cortland Co., McLean Boga, 20. vi. 1934, F. M. Hull (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47428); Ithaca, 22. vi. 1936,? (1 male and 1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47427 & … 430); North Carolina, Paul’s gap, 2 mi E Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 4700 ’, 8. vi. 1965, J. G. Chilcott (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47419); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Black camp gap, 4900 ’, 8. vi. 1965, J. G. Chilcott (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47421); Haywood Co., Soco gap, 4337 ’, 4. vi. 1962, J. G. Chilcott (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47436); Tennessee, Chester Co., Henderson, 24 – 25. v. 2002, D. M. Wood (2 females CNC, CNC _ Diptera 96460 – 1); Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Indian gap, 5400 ’, 21. v. 1965, J. G. Chilcott (1 male and 1 female on the same pin CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47442); Texas, Brownwood, 5. ix. 1921, R. H. Painter (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47422); Welder Wildlife Ref., nr. Sinton, marsh, 19 – 23. iii. 1965, J. G. Chilcott (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47423); Washington, Pullman, ??. ??. ????, F. M. Hull (3 males and 5 females CNC, CNC _ Diptera 109740 – 7); Virginia, Boykins, 10. vi. [18] 95, C. W. Johnson (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47435); Camp Peary, ??. vi. 1943, R. M. Boliart (1 male and 1 female on the same pin CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47447); Reddish Knob Lookout, 14.5 km W Briery Branch, 1315 m, 38.462306 ° N 79.241667 ° W, 21. vii. 2009 (5 males and 3 females CNC, JSS 18699 – 706); Taggles gap, Mi. 160 B. R. Pkwy., 18. v. 1965, J. G. Chilcott (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 47433).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED54FE72A33C24971FD2CFC90.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Pile of the face simple (Fig. 29 f); eye with sub-anterior (but straight dorsally) and middle very sinuous vittae and a straight sub-posterior vitta, and complete fascia; scutum with 4 long more matte and darker vittae, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus and another short sub-lateral vitta between the lateral macula and sub-medial vitta (Fig. 29 d), with short, erect, densely distributed white pile (one female from Guatemala has that pile very short); wing with dark sub-apical vitta (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1); basicosta with appressed black pile and two more prominent black setae apically. Length. Body 4.90 – 5.29 mm (n = 3), wing 4.05 – 4.31 mm (n = 3); female 5.57 – 6.09 mm (n = 3), wing 4.72 – 5.26 mm (n = 3).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED54FE72A33C24971FD2CFC90.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, USA (Southern Arizona, New Mexico and Texas). Altitudinal range. 1340 – 2270 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED54FE72A33C24971FD2CFC90.taxon	discussion	Comments. Orthonevra nitidula, O. nebulosa sp. nov. and O. neotropica are the only species studied with a complete sub-posterior vitta on the eye (see ‘ Comments’ of those other species for more characters to distinguish between them). Our study extends the range of occurrence of this species further down south to Costa Rica. Although the appendix on R 2 + 3 is a very distinctive feature present in a few specimens (e. g. INB 0004379449, CNC _ Diptera 171078), which could lead to assume the specimen is O. gouletmasnerorum sp. nov., besides the maculation and pile coloration on the scutum, the male and female genitalia are distinct from O. gouletmasnerorum sp. nov. Male genitalia similar to O. gewgaw but in O. nitidula: cercus pickaxe-shaped (Fig. 30 c), hypandrium with baso-ventral extension (Fig. 30 d), postgonites more irregular, phallus with medial-ventral prongs, basal tubular process strongly curved anteriorly (Fig. 30 d), and INB 0004379449 differs slightly on the postgonites and phallus; female genitalia distinct from that of O. gewgaw specially on segment 8 and epiproct, distinct from O. gouletmasnerorum sp. nov. by the tergum 7 entire, longer tergum 8 without distinct apodemes and the apico-lateral cavities of sternum 8. The female epiproct is unique among the material studied for its larger oval shape, heavier sclerotization and convex dorsal surface. Only the Neotropical region records are depicted on the map (Fig. 41).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED54FE72A33C24971FD2CFC90.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: COSTA RICA. Cartago, Cartago [ca 9 ° 49 ' 28.6 " N 83 ° 55 ' 40.0 " W], ??. x. 1953, N. L. H. Krauss (1 male AMNH, CNC 1589920); San Jose, Moravia [ca 10 ° 02 ' 12.9 " N 84 ° 00 ' 06.9 " W], Zurquí de Moravia, 1600 m, 2 – 9. viii. 2013, Proyecto ZADBI (1 male USNM, INB 0004379449). GUATEMALA. Baja Verapaz, 8 km S Purulha [ca 15 ° 14 ' 23.0 " N 90 ° 14 ' 12.2 " W], FIT, 23 – 25. v. 1991, H. Howden (1 female DEBU); Zacapa, near La Trinidad, Malaise trap in stream bed, 1600 m, 15 ° 03.594 ’ N 89 ° 56.243 ’ W, 26 & 27. v. 1997, Schlinger Foundation Guatemala Expedition (1 male and 1 female CSCA). MEXICO. Chihuahua [ca 28 ° 40 ' 54.2 " N 106 ° 06 ' 48.7 " W], Majalca, 45 mi. NW Chihuahua, 29. v. 1964, J. F. McAlpine (1 male CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171077); Chiapas, San Cristobal de las Casas [ca 16 ° 43 ' 36.0 " N 92 ° 37 ' 24.7 " W], 8. vi. 1969, W. R. M. Mason (1 female CNC, CNC _ Diptera 171078); Zumpango, Zumpango, 19 ° 53 ' 12.4 " N 99 ° 07 ' 09.6 " W, 15. xii. 2021 (1 male, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 103325062]; … 19 ° 53 ' 07.3 " N 99 ° 07 ' 08.0 " W, 1. v. 2022 (1 male, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 115157893]; … 19 ° 53 ' 09.6 " N 99 ° 07 ' 08.6 " W, 26. vi. 2022 (1 male, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 125334030].	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED542E72733C24FD0FB05FD2C.taxon	description	Redescription. MALE. Head (Fig. 31 a – c): metallic blue, face wide, almost straight in profile and ventral ¼ produced anteriorly as a strong convexity, regulose except for smooth ventral 1 / 3, shiny, with white pile but sparse ventrally; with large white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and almost reaching it. Antenna dark, except pedicel pale apically and post-pedicel pale baso-ventrally; pedicel short but slightly longer than scape, postpedicel with mostly straight dorsal surface and convex ventral surface, with a shallow concavity pre-apically on dorsal surface, 2.5 × longer than the pedicel. Mala greatly produced apico-ventrally, smooth. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, rugose, uniformly covered with erect and sub-appressed white pile, without median longitudinal groove. Vertical triangle equilateral triangle-shaped, dark blue metallic, uniformly covered with long, erect, black pile on ocellar triangle and posterior to it. Occiput visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, although narrow, homogeneously covered in white microtrichia, and with one row of white pile. Eyes dichoptic; with a slightly sinuous sub-anterior vitta and a medial fascia extending from the posterior margin until the sub-anterior vitta. Thorax (Fig. 31 a, b): metallic blue, homogeneously covered with densely distributed, short, black pile, longer and white on notopleuron; scutum with four complete separate dark matte vittae, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; scutellum metallic blue and somewhat darker medially, slightly depressed on apical margin, covered with white pile. Pleuron metallic blue, mostly smooth with few areas with fine microsculpturing, with short white pile on proepisternum, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum, anteriorly on anepimeron, very few on a dorsal and ventral patch on katepisternum, and on katatergum, metasternum bare. Calypter white with long white marginal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 31 a, b): metallic dark, except all tibiae pale. Legs covered with white pile, longer ventrally on femora, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with ventral surface covered in black setulae. Wing (Fig. 31 a, b): hyaline, without vittate maculation but with some fasciate maculae in cells r 2 + 3, r 4 + 5 and dm; stem vein and vein C paler until crossvein h; vein R 2 + 3 ends on C apically to the level of the intersection of M 1 with R 4 + 5, vein M 1 recurrent; wholly microtrichose; basicosta with dense appressed pale pile, with two more prominent (apical moreso) pale setae apically. Alula large, 2.5 × the width of the cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 31 a, b): metallic blue, but with large matte black area medially from terga 1 to 4; pile white, appressed, longer baso-laterally on tergum 2; sterna dark metallic, with longer white appressed pile, erect on sternum 2; sternum 4 with apical margin straight. Genitalia (Fig. 31 e – j): surstylus straight, mostly narrow but base extends ventrally, base with a small protuberance dorsally, ending on a small acute apex, mostly with long pile but bare on base and apico-dorsal 1 / 5 (Fig. 31 e – g); subepandrial sclerite arms wide; cercus slightly oval, with an unpigmented medial division (Fig. 31 e), and not extended as in other Orthonevra. Hypandrium basal 2 / 3 oval, apical 1 / 3 straight, covering the phallus as a sheath, membranous dorsally but apex separated into two lobes (Fig. 31 j), with anterior ventral notch flanked by short acute laminae that leave the notch as a short ventral slit (Fig. 31 h, i); postgonites widening towards apex and with medial margin with irregular serration, with short and wide peduncle and rising dorsal to the ventral notch laminae (Fig. 31 h – j); phallus beak-shaped apically, with two ventro-medial prongs directed dorsally (directed ventrally in all other Orthonevra) anterior to basal tubular process, basal tubular process short and medially positioned. FEMALE. No females recorded. Length. Body 4.92 mm (n = 1), wing 3.78 mm (n = 1).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED542E72733C24FD0FB05FD2C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Argentina (Fig. 39). Altitudinal range. 1150 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED542E72733C24FD0FB05FD2C.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is the first time that the male genitalia of O. quadristriata is depicted. Clearly close to O. chilensis but with eyes more clearly dichoptic, ventral ¼ of face featuring a stronger convexity and distinct male genitalia (see key for other distinct characters). The male cercus resembles that found in the pictipennis group of Sedman (1966 a), with the clear division of the cercus by an unpigmented line (a characteristic not found in other species from the current study); furthermore, the baso-ventral extension of the cerci is similar to O. pictipennis (Loew). This is the Orthonevra species with the southernmost record among the material studied. The female specimens that Shannon & Aubertin (1933) mention in the description (“ … from the following localities: Argentina, L. Correntoso and Bariloche; Chile, Perales ”) were not found in the USNM collection, regardless, those authors found it “ impossible to decide whether they are all the same species, and whether they are conspecific with the male ”, so we assume that they were not conspecific with the type. Since the original description of this species, there were no other confirmed records of O. quadristriata in the literature or online (the record for Colombia at CEUA was a misidentification).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED542E72733C24FD0FB05FD2C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: ARGENTINA. Rio Negro, Bariloche [ca 41 ’ 08 ' 4 ”. 0 " S 71 ’ 20 ' 2 ”. 9 " W], “ AgrNov 1926 ” [sic], ??. xi. 1926, R. & E. Shannon (male holotype quadristriata USNM, USNMENT 01754724).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED540E72033C24DA8FDE8FC20.taxon	description	Figs 32 and 33. Map: Fig. 39	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED540E72033C24DA8FDE8FC20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The posteriorly fused vittae on the scutum will distinguish this species from most Orthonevra, and the eye pattern and pale metabasitarsomere will tell it apart from O. theta.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED540E72033C24DA8FDE8FC20.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 32 d – f): metallic bluish-black, face with convexity in profile and ventral 1 / 4 slightly produced anteriorly as a convexity, strongly regulose except smooth on ventral 1 / 3, shiny, pile white and not scale-like; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and separated from it. Antenna brown without metallic reflections, scape paler; pedicel twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, as long as the pedicel; pile black. Mala slightly produced apico-ventrally, smooth. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle regulose, bare except for lateral row of white pile adjacent to eye margin. Vertical triangle isosceles triangle-shaped, 4 × longer than eye contiguity, dark matte to slightly green metallic, bare; ocellar triangle with a coarse texture, bare. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, ventral 2 / 3 covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, with one row of very short black pile, pile becomes slightly longer and white on ventral 1 / 4. Eyes holoptic; with a sub-anterior and middle sinuous vittae, and a medial fascia distinct until the middle vitta then inconspicuous posterior to that vitta, eyes darker on anterior margin, with dark area wider dorsally and connecting the ends to the sub-anterior vitta, and dark on ventral half of the posterior margin. Thorax (Fig. 32 d, e): mostly metallic green, pile white, very short, appressed and sparsely distributed, slightly longer on notopleuron; scutum with four complete, uninterrupted and non-tapering dark matte vittae, medial pair fused on posterior 1 / 4, and a shorter lateral vittate macula posterior to the transverse sulcus; notopleuron metallic green, remaining of scutum covered by microsculpture; scutellum matte black on basal 2 / 3, except greenish on base, and bluish on apex, pile inconspicuous. Pleuron wholly metallic blue, smooth on proepimeron and anterior on anepisternum, remaining with a coarse texture, with densely distributed white microtrichia on proepisternum, with long white pile on antepronotum, ventral patch on katepisternum, dorsal to the posterior spiracle on the katatergum, and metasternum, with short pile on proepimeron, posterior anepisternum, dorsal patch on katepisternum, and anterior anepimeron, and very short on proepisternum. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with long white marginal pile, ventral lobe similar but pile 3 × longer than dorsal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 32 e): mostly metallic bluish-black, except apex of femora, basal 1 / 3 of tibiae and all tarsomeres 1 – 2 yellow, all tarsomeres 3 – 5 dark; pro and metabasitarsomere swollen. Legs covered with short white pile, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with ventral surface covered in black setulae. Wing (Fig. 32 d): with vittae sub-apically (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), sub-apically on r 1, and on dm-m, and with fasciate maculae in r 2 + 3, r 4 + 5 (two), and dm, wing apex diffusely darker (Fig. 32 d), stem vein and vein C paler until crossvein h, mostly microtrichose, bare on small basal area of cell cua, immediately posterior to pseudovein; basicosta with dense appressed black pile, with two more prominent setae apically. Alula 2 × the width of cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 32 e): metallic bluish-black, terga matte black in large medial rectangular area, terminalia wholly metallic, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile black, appressed and very short, white laterally, longer laterally on tergum 1, much longer baso-laterally on tergum 2; sterna metallic, with white pile; sternum 4 slightly projected on right side. Genitalia (Fig. 33 c – f): epandrium bilobate dorso-anteriorly (Fig. 33 e); surstyli crescent-shaped, curving towards each other, expanded as two short protuberances dorso-basally, and apex bent laterally, with pile restricted to dorsal margin ventral to expanded lobes and on apical 1 / 2 (Fig. 33 e, f); cercus hook-shaped. Hypandrium sub-rectangular and short, with short V-shaped notch apico-ventrally that bears two laminae on each side, basal lamina short and triangular and more medially positioned, apical lamina irregular, large, more laterally positioned, and following almost to the apex of the postgonites (Fig. 33 d), with very short and sparse pile on apico-lateral surface and also with some pile baso-laterally on apical lamina; postgonite rectangular, short, slightly bent dorsally, pilose on dorsal, apical and lateral surfaces; phallus short, with hooked apex, a pair of short acute projections followed by a blunt short projection medio-ventrally, basal tubular process short, as long as the other processes, concavities between processes shallow (Fig. 33 d). Variation. Ocellar triangle sometimes with a few inconspicuous white pile. Eye dark anterior margin might not be visible. Scutum vittae may have purple reflections. Pleuron might be smooth ventrally on katepisternum. Metatibia sometimes with only basal 1 / 4 yellow. FEMALE (Figs 32 a – c, 33 a, b). Like male except: face microtrichose patch smaller and more distanced from antennal base; pedicel slightly shorter than postpedicel; frons wide, strongly regulose, with a medial longitudinal groove extending from ocellar triangle almost until lunule, pile white and sparse; vertex might have only short black pile posterior to ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle might have bluish reflections; tergum 5 as a trapezoidal wholly shiny sclerite. Genitalia (Fig. 33 a, b): tergum and sternum 7 as sclerotized rectangular areas. Tergum 8 as a sclerotized rectangular plate with concave posterior margin, bare. Sternum 8 as a sclerotized plate, slightly longer than wide, large (over 3 × the size of tergum 8), and with a V-shaped notch apically, sparsely pilose but mostly bare on apico-lateral areas. Epiproct as a semi-circular plate, pilose on apical 1 / 2, baso-lateral corners slightly produced (possible apodemes). Cercus oval, baso-lateral corner slightly extended, mostly pilose, positioned apically to epiproct. Hypoproct mostly membranous, with a triangular (one vertex directed basally) pigmented and pilose area. Length. Body 5.10 – 5.47 mm (n = 5), wing 4.12 – 4.40 mm (n = 5); female 5.80 – 5.86 mm (n = 2), wing 4.90 – 5.16 mm (n = 2).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED540E72033C24DA8FDE8FC20.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (Fig. 39). Altitudinal range. 1100 – 2560 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED540E72033C24DA8FDE8FC20.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is a matronymic derived from GFGM’s mother, based on her nickname (Rose, a modern personal name). It should be treated as a noun in the genitive case.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED540E72033C24DA8FDE8FC20.taxon	discussion	Comments. Orthonevra roseae sp. nov. has the middle vittae of the scutum fused posteriorly, in a similar fashion as on O. theta sp. nov., but O. roseae sp. nov. has different eye patterns and its metabasitarsomere is wholly pale.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED540E72033C24DA8FDE8FC20.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: PERU. Cuzco, Paucartambo, Puente San Pedro, 50 km west of, 1600 m, Pilcopota [12 ° 54 ' 57.7 " S 71 ° 23 ' 54.7 " W], 3. ix. 1988, W. N. Mathis & A. Friedberg (male holotype roseae USNM, USNMENT 01492590). Paratypes examined: COLOMBIA. Antioquia, El Retiro [ca 6 ° 03 ' 42.2 " N 75 ° 29 ' 44.9 " W], 7 km north of, 26. ii. 1984, W. N. Mathis (1 female USNM, USNMENT 01492600); …, Envigado, Vereda El Vallano, Parque Ecológico El Salado, Quebrada La Ayurá, 6.135160 - 75.569556, 1600 m, Jama en Bosque, 13. ix. 2009, A. L. Montoya G, (photo, 1 female, CEUA 46625); Girardota, Vereda La Honda, 6.338694 - 75.448333, Jama Bosque secundario, 26 – 30. ix. 2009, N. Uribe (photo, 1 male, CEUA 46626). ECUADOR. Zamora-Chinchipe, Loja, Zamora [ca 4 ° 03 ' 34.1 " S 78 ° 57 ' 01.0 " W], 1200 m, 25. xi. 1970, L. E. Peña (1 male MZUSP); ..., 1800 m, 26. xi. 1970, L. E. Peña (1 female MZUSP). PERU. Cuzco, Paucartambo, Puente San Pedro, 50 km west of, 1600 m, Pilcopota [12 ° 54 ' 57.7 " S 71 ° 23 ' 54.7 " W], 3. ix. 1988, W. N. Mathis & A. Friedberg (8 males USNM, USNMENT 01492591 – 598). VENEZUELA. Aragua, Rancho Grande [10 ° 21 ' 07.2 " N 67 ° 41 ' 00.9 " W], 1100 m, 21. vii. 1990, D. G. Furth (1 male USNM, USNMENT 01492599).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED547E75D33C24CB1FC31FD00.taxon	description	Redescription. MALE. Head (Fig 34 d – f): metallic blue, face with slight convexity in profile and ventral ¼ slightly produced anteriorly as a weak convexity, regulose except for smooth area between the oral margin and convexity, shiny, with sparse white pile and not scale-like; with small white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and widely separated from it. Antenna yellow, except post-pedicel mostly dark but with pale base; pedicel twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, 1.5 × the length of the pedicel. Mala slightly produced apico-ventrally, with weak regulae. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle shiny, regulose, bare except for distinct erect white pile anterior to eye contiguity and following eye margin, with median longitudinal groove not reaching the lunule. Vertical triangle isosceles triangle-shaped, 2 × longer than eye contiguity, metallic green, with very short and sparse pale pile on ocellar triangle and posterior to it. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, ventral 2 / 3 homogeneously covered in white microtrichia, with very short black pile on dorsal 1 / 3, bare medially, and with sparse and slightly longer white pile on ventral ¼. Eyes holoptic; covered with dark spots, medially the markings form two to four irregular circular markings. Thorax (Fig. 34 d, e): metallic blue-green, mostly bare, with a few very short pale pile laterally; scutum with four complete dark matte vittae, but medial pair mostly fused posteriorly, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; scutellum metallic blue-green with medial matte black vitta as wide as fused medial vittae of scutum, and matte dark laterally, mostly bare with very short pale pile baso-laterally. Pleuron metallic blue, smooth on anterior anepisternum and proepimeron, with short white pile on antepronotum, proepisternum, ventral patch on katepisternum, katatergum and metasternum, inconspicuous on posterior anepisternum, dorsal patch of katepisternum. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with white marginal pile, ventral lobe white with longer white marginal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 34 e): dark with metallic blue reflections, except apex of femora, basal 1 / 3 of tibiae and tarsomeres 1 – 2 yellow. Legs covered with short pale pile, slightly longer postero-apically on mesofemur, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with ventral surface with short, black setulae. Wing (Fig. 34 d): hyaline, with dark vittae sub-apically (from end of R 2 + 3 until the end of M 1), sub-apically on r 1, and on dm-m, with one weak fasciate macula in cells r 2 + 3 and dm and two in r 4 + 5, and a faded spot apically in r 2 + 3 and posteriorly to end of R 4 + 5; stem vein and vein C pale basally, wholly microtrichose except for small bare area posterior to pseudovein; basicosta with short appressed white pile and one prominent black seta apically. Alula large, 2 × the width of the c cell. Abdomen (Fig. 34 d, e): metallic blue, terga 2 – 4 matte black on apical margin, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile inconspicuous white, appressed and short, much longer and erect baso-laterally on tergum 2; sterna metallic, with white appressed pile; sternum 4 with right side slightly produced. Genitalia (Fig. 35 c – f )): surstylus bent in a right angle at basal ¼, basal ¼ with a subtle rounded carina anteriorly, with a ventral triangular lamina sub-basally, and apex slightly acute, with long pile sparsely distributed dorsally (Fig. 35 c); cercus sub-triangular, with concave dorsal margin, with long pile. Hypandrium compressed submedially, with anterior narrow ventral notch V-shaped through ½ the length of the hypandrium, notch with carina on each side, ending anteriorly on flattened bi-lobate projection (ventral sub-basal lobe minuscule, dorsa lobe finger-like in profile) (Fig. 35 e); postgonites laterally compressed, bi-lobate (ventral lobe as a sub-triangular lamina, dorsal lobe slightly converging towards the middle), with dense pile on dorsal and lateral surfaces (Fig. 35 d); phallus compact, with apex forming a ventral acute projection, with apico-dorsal short carinae, basal tubular process as a long sclerotized tube, gently curving and directed apically (Fig. 35 f). FEMALE (Figs 34 a – c, 35 a, b). Like male except: more metallic blue; frons metallic blue, wide, strongly regulose, with a medial longitudinal groove extending from ocellar triangle through the dorsal ¾ of the frons; wing with apex more distinctly dark; tergum 5 entire. Genitalia (Fig. 35 a, b): Tergum 7 as roughly sclerotized squared areas, bare. Sternum 7 as a sclerotized strip, with pile on apical margin. Tergum 8 as two sub-triangular plates, bare. Sternum 8 heart-shaped (in ventral view) with sub-triangular indentation on apical margin, sclerotized, mostly pilose, with apico-lateral depression. Sternum 9 as a pair of two irregular sclerotized strips flanking the genital opening. Epiproct dorsal surface convex, sub-quadrate, with convex apical margin, with two very short baso-lateral apodemes, pilose on apical ½. Cercus oval, mostly pilose, positioned apico-ventrally to epiproct. Hypoproct as a membranous mostly pilose area, slightly sclerotized apically. Length. Body 4.54 – 4.99 mm (n = 2), wing 3.38 – 3.54 mm (n = 2); female 4.7 mm (n = 2), female 3.5 – 3.6 mm (n = 3).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED547E75D33C24CB1FC31FD00.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, and Costa Rica (Fig. 39). Altitudinal range. 250 – 2560 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED547E75D33C24CB1FC31FD00.taxon	discussion	Comments. The eye pattern promptly distinguishes this species from other Orthonevra; the spots form circular markings medially (Fig. 34 c, f) similar to the vittate markings present in the other species. The female epiproct is similar to that of O. neiae sp. nov., but proportions of segment 8 and the proctiger can distinguish them apart quickly.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED547E75D33C24CB1FC31FD00.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: COSTA RICA. Alajuela, San Mateo, Higuito [ca 9 ° 56 ’ 03.1 ” N 84 ° 31 ’ 27.7 ” W], ??. ??. ????, P. Schild (male holotype shannoni USNM, USNMENT 00028640). Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Roraima, Alto Alegre, FLONA [ca 2 ° 58 ’ 09.7 ” N 61 ° 45 ’ 50.3 ” W], Malaise, 17. v. 2018, R. Boldrini (1 female INPA, MMMS 0063); Amajari, SESC Tepequém [ca 3 ° 45 ’ 20.5 ” N 61 ° 43 ’ 01.0 ” W], Malaise, 11 – 15. x. 2016, R. Boldrini (1 female INPA, MMMS 0064). COLOMBIA. Cartago, Valle del Cauca, 14. xii. 2022, 4 ° 44 ’ 50.0 ” N 75 ° 54 ’ 41.9 ” W (1 female, photographic record) [https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 144478648]. COSTA RICA. San Jose, Est. Santa Helena, Las Nubes [ca 9 ° 59 ’ 04.9 ” N 83 ° 55 ’ 08.4 ” W], 1210 m, 5 – 21. vii. 1996, M. Segura (1 male USNM, INBIOCRI 002 469598).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53AE75F33C24D91FC79FC04.taxon	description	Fig. 36. Map: Fig. 41	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53AE75F33C24D91FC79FC04.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The three narrow separate vittae on the scutum differentiates this species from most Orthonevra, and the narrow medial vitta on the scutellum separates it from the only other possible similar species, O. thompsoni.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53AE75F33C24D91FC79FC04.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 36 a – c): metallic black, face with slight convexity in profile and ventral 1 / 4 slightly produced anteriorly as a convexity, strongly regulose except on ventral 1 / 4, shiny, pile white and not scale-like; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral do antennal base and separated from it. Antenna dark without metallic reflections, scape paler, post-pedicel slightly pale dorsally; pedicel slightly more than twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, slightly longer than the pedicel; pile black. Mala slightly produced apico-ventrally, slightly regulose. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle mostly smooth, narrowly regulose adjacent to eye margin, bare except for lateral row of white pile adjacent to eye margin. Vertical triangle isosceles triangle-shaped, 3 × longer than eye contiguity, with very short black pile posteriorly; ocellar triangle with a coarse texture, bare. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, with one row of very short black pile, pile becomes slightly longer and white on ventral 1 / 4. Eyes holoptic; with an anterior straight vitta and a sub-anterior and middle slightly sinuous vittae, and a medial fascia distinct until the middle vitta then inconspicuous posterior to that vitta, anterior vitta connects to the ends of the sub-anterior vitta, and dark on ventral 1 / 2 of posterior margin. Thorax (Fig. 36 a, b): metallic black-green, pile white, very short, appressed and sparsely distributed; scutum with three complete separate dark matte vittae with purple reflections, medial one divided in two on anterior apex, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; notopleuron metallic green; remaining of scutum covered by microsculpture; scutellum with medial matte black vitta extending from base to apex, as wide as medial vitta on scutum, pile inconspicuous. Pleuron wholly metallic, smooth on proepimeron, anteroventrally on anepisternum, anteriorly on katepisternum, and on katepimeron, remaining with a coarse texture, with densely distributed white microtrichia on proepisternum, with long white pile on antepronotum, ventral patch on katepisternum, dorsal to the posterior spiracle on the katatergum, and metasternum, with short pile on proepimeron, posterior anepisternum, dorsal patch on katepisternum, and anterior anepimeron, and very short on proepisternum. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with long white marginal pile, ventral lobe similar but pile 3 × longer than dorsal pile. Plumule white. Halter white. Legs (Fig. 36 b): metallic black, except yellow on apex of all femora, medial surface and basal 1 / 2 of protibia, basal 1 / 2 of mesotibia, basal 1 / 3 of metatibia, and first three tarsomeres of all legs; pro and metabasitarsomere swollen. Legs covered with short white pile, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with ventral surface covered in black setulae. Wing (Fig. 36 a, b): with dark short vitta sub-apically on r 1, and one vitta sub-apically (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), with four short dark fascia (one in the middle of r 2 + 3, two in the middle of r 4 + 5 and one in the antero-middle of dm), wing apex slightly darker (Fig. 36 a), stem vein and vein C yellow until crossvein h, mostly microtrichose, bare on small basal area of cell bm and immediately posterior to pseudovein on cup cell; basicosta with dense appressed white pile, with two more prominent setae apically. Alula 2 × the width of cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 36 a, b): metallic black-green, terga matte black microtrichose in large medial rectangular area, terminalia wholly metallic, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile black, appressed and very short, white laterally, longer laterally on terga 1 and 2; sterna with white pile; sternum 4 with a large extension on right side that is rounded apically. Genitalia (Fig. 36 e – h): surstylus bent in a right angle in the middle, with larger convex baso-dorsal portion and remaining narrower, curving gently on apical 1 / 2, with pile restricted to dorsal margin and apical 1 / 2 (Fig. 36 e); cercus pedunculate, sub-triangular, dorsal corner more acute. Hypandrium sub-rectangular, with large rectangular notch ventrally (Fig. 36 f); postgonite acute apically and with lateral lamina extending basal-dorsally until apex, fused to hypandrium, with sparse pile apically and a few pile baso-laterally; phallus rounded and with apical acute extension dorsally before the apex, then narrows ventrally to an acute apex, two-pronged medio-ventrally, and with small convexity before the base (Fig. 36 g, h), basal tubular process short. FEMALE. No females recorded. Length. Body 5.20 mm (n = 1), wing 3.90 mm (n = 1).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53AE75F33C24D91FC79FC04.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador (Fig. 41). Altitudinal range. 350 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53AE75F33C24D91FC79FC04.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a combination derived from the name of the ventral abdominal sclerite [‘ sternum’, not the Greek ‘ sterno’ (chest)] + the Greek ‘ lobos’ (elongated projection or protuberance), and should be treated as an adjective.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53AE75F33C24D91FC79FC04.taxon	discussion	Comments. Similar to O. thompsoni sp. nov., see comments on mentioned species.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53AE75F33C24D91FC79FC04.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: ECUADOR. Napo, Puerto Misahualli [ca 1 ° 01 ' 56.2 " S 77 ° 40 ' 00.6 " W], 350 m, ??. ii. 1983, M. Sharkey (male holotype sternolobosa CNC, JSS 42210).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED538E75833C24C80FB61FB94.taxon	description	Fig. 37. Map: Fig. 40	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED538E75833C24C80FB61FB94.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The posteriorly fused vittae on the scutum are only found in another species, O. roseae, and O. theta can be promptly distinguished from the former by the straight medial vitta on the eye.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED538E75833C24C80FB61FB94.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 37 a, b, d): metallic blue-green, face with slight convexity in profile and ventral ¼ slightly produced anteriorly as a very weak convexity, weakly regulose except on ventral ¼ and wide medial area, shiny, pile white and not scale-like; with white microtrichose elongate subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and separated from it. Scape yellow, pedicel dark with slight metallic reflections and 2.5 × longer than scape, post-pedicel oval elongate and as long as pedicel; pile on pedicel black. Mala produced apico-ventrally, with weak regulae. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle metallic-blue, regulose but smooth around and on lunule, bare except for white pile anterior to eye contiguity and laterally following the eye margin. Vertical triangle isosceles triangle-shaped and very long, 4 × longer than eye contiguity, metallic-bluish green, bare but with very few, inconspicuous black pile on ocellar triangle and posterior to it, with a few regulae anterior to anterior ocellus; ocellar triangle more matte than vertical triangle, equilateral triangle-shaped. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal ½, ventral ½ homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, with a row of very short black pile, which becomes longer and white on ventral 1 / 5. Eyes holoptic; with anterior, sub-anterior (slightly sinuous ventrally) and medial straight vittae, and only with short fragments of a medial fascia, anterior and sub-anterior vittae join dorsally and ventrally, eyes darker on postero-ventral margin. Thorax (Fig. 37 a, b): metallic bluish-green, pile very short and inconspicuous, white, appressed and sparsely distributed, slightly longer on notopleuron; scutum with four dark matte vittae, medial pair fused on posterior ¼, and with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; scutellum mostly matte dark but metallic-green on margins, with a sub-basal and sub-apical transversal linear depression, bare but tubercles of pile insertions present. Pleuron wholly metallic, smooth on proepimeron and dorso-medial anepimeron, remaining with a coarse texture, with some white microtrichia posteriorly to anterior spiracle, with white pile on antepronotum (and longer anteriorly to anterior spiracle), proepisternum, posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron, dorsal and ventral patches on katepisternum, katatergum, and metasternum. Dorsal lobe of calypter white with long white marginal pile, ventral lobe similar but pile 3 × longer than dorsal pile. Plumule white. Halter yellowish. Legs (Fig. 37 b): dark with metallic reflections, except apical tarsomeres just dark without reflection; pale on apex of femur, basal 1 / 3 of tibia (1 / 2 on mesotibia), and first two tarsomeres (dark on most of dorsal surface of metabasitarsomere). Legs covered with short white pile, longer on coxa, apex of mesotibia and mesotarsomeres with ventral black setulae, metafemur with short black setulae ventrally. Wing (Fig. 37 b): R 2 + 3 abruptly bent towards C at the end, ending distinctly basally to the level where M 1 meets R 4 + 5; with a narrow dark vitta from bend on R 2 + 3 to where M 1 meets R 4 + 5, and with fasciate macula in r 4 + 5, and apex of r 2 + 3 slightly darkened (Fig. 37 e, specimen might have had more markings), mostly microtrichose but with narrow bare areas on middle of r, bm and baso-anteriorly on cua immediately posterior to pseudovein; basicosta with sparse appressed white pile, without prominent setae apically. Alula slightly wider than cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 37 b, c): metallic light blue but matte black medially until tergum 4, remaining segment wholly metallic, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile white, appressed and short, but longer on baso-lateral ½ of tergum 2; sterna metallic, with similar pilosity but slightly longer; sternum 4 right side distinctly extended. Genitalia (Fig. 37 f, g): hypandrium rectangular and short; postgonites curving dorsally and with a few laminae laterally, with very few pile apically; phallus with similar height throughout its extension (not narrowing posteriorly), with a small beak-like apex but flanked by large laminae, with an expansion dorso-medially, and basal tubular process as a wide ventral opening with a short lip apically (Fig. 37 f). FEMALE. No females recorded. Length. Body 3.97 mm (n = 1); wing 3.06 mm (n = 1).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED538E75833C24C80FB61FB94.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador (Fig. 40). Altitudinal range. 1880 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED538E75833C24C80FB61FB94.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet represents the letter Θ from the Greek alphabet, which alludes to the shape of the eye markings when viewed from the front. It should be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED538E75833C24C80FB61FB94.taxon	discussion	Comments. Epandrium of the specimen was lost.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED538E75833C24C80FB61FB94.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: ECUADOR. Napo, Lago Agrio [ca 0 ° 27 ’ 52.6 ” S 77 ° 52 ’ 57.6 ” W], 8 km west of, Malaise trap, 28. viii. 1975, Langley & Cohen (male holotype theta USNM, USNM 01492695).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53FE75533C24B25FC47FD9C.taxon	description	Fig. 38. Map: Fig. 39	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53FE75533C24B25FC47FD9C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can only be confused with O. sternolobosa, but the wider vitta on the scutellum and the more sinuous vittae on the eyes should confirm the identification of O. thompsoni.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53FE75533C24B25FC47FD9C.taxon	description	Description. MALE. Head (Fig. 38 a – c): metallic black, face with slight convexity in profile and ventral 1 / 4 slightly produced anteriorly as a convexity, strongly regulose except on ventral 1 / 4, shiny, pile white and not scale-like; with white microtrichose subtriangular macula laterally, positioned immediately ventral to antennal base and separated from it. Antenna dark without metallic reflections, scape paler, post-pedicel slightly pale dorsally; pedicel slightly more than twice the length of the scape, postpedicel oval elongated, slightly longer than the pedicel; pile black. Mala slightly produced apico-ventrally, with weak regulae. Gena shiny, smooth, and with white pile. Frontal triangle regulose except around antennal base, bare except for lateral row of white pile adjacent to eye margin. Vertical triangle isosceles shaped, 2 × longer than eye contiguity, with very short black pile posteriorly; ocellar triangle with a coarse texture, bare. Occiput not visible laterally on dorsal 1 / 3, homogeneously covered in white microtrichia which extends until dorsal to gena, with one row of very short black pile, bare on ventral 3 rd / 4, longer and white pile on ventral 1 / 4. Eyes holoptic; with an anterior straight vitta, and a sub-anterior and middle slightly sinuous vittae, and a medial fascia, anterior vitta connects to the ends of the sub-anterior vitta, and on ventral 1 / 2 of posterior margin and this margin connecting ventrally with middle vitta. Thorax (Fig. 38 a, b): metallic black-green, pile white, very short, appressed and sparsely distributed; scutum with three complete separate dark matte vittae with purple reflections, medial one divided in two on anterior apex, with a short narrow lateral vittate macula posterior to transverse sulcus; notopleuron metallic green; remaining of scutum covered by microsculpture; scutellum with medial matte black vitta extending from base to apex, wider than medial vitta on scutum, pile inconspicuous. Pleuron wholly metallic, smooth on proepimeron, anteroventrally on anepisternum, anteriorly on katepisternum, and on katepimeron, remaining with a coarse texture, with densely distributed white microtrichia on proepisternum, with long white pile on antepronotum, ventral patch on katepisternum, dorsal to the posterior spiracle on the katatergum, and metasternum, with short pile on proepimeron, posterior anepisternum, dorsal patch on katepisternum, and anterior anepimeron, and very short on proepisternum. Calypter white with white marginal pile, ventral lobe with longer marginal pile. Plumule long but with short pile. Halter white. Legs (Fig. 38 b): metallic black, except yellow on apex of all femora, medial surface and basal 1 / 2 of protibia, basal 1 / 2 of mesotibia, basal 1 / 3 of metatibia, and first two tarsomeres on all legs; pro and metabasitarsomere swollen. Legs covered with short white pile, metafemur with ventral surface covered in black setulae. Wing (Fig. 38 a): with dark short vitta sub-apically on r 1, and one vitta sub-apically (from end of R 2 + 3 until posterior end of M 1), with four short dark fascia (one in the middle of r 2 + 3, two in the middle of r 4 + 5 and one in the antero-middle of dm), wing apex slightly darker (Fig. 38 a), stem vein and vein C yellow until crossvein h, mostly microtrichose, bare on small basal area of cell bm and immediately posterior to pseudovein on cup cell; basicosta with sparse appressed pale pile, without prominent setae apically. Alula 2 × the width of cell c. Abdomen (Fig. 38 a, b): metallic black-green, terga matte black microtrichose in large medial rectangular area, terminalia wholly metallic, pile sockets as small protuberances, pile black, appressed and very short, white laterally, longer laterally on terga 1 and 2; sterna with white pile; sternum 4 with a large extension on right side that is rounded apically. Genitalia (Fig. 38 f – i): epandrium with a shelf-like extension dorsally (Fig. 38 e); surstylus bent in a 90 ° in the middle, with slightly convex baso-dorsal portion, curving gently on apex and forming a beak-like short extension on its medial margin, wholly covered in sparse pile but more concentrated on apical 1 / 2 of the medial margin (Fig. 38 f); subepandrial sclerite arms higher than wide; cercus elongated, with convex apico-medial 1 / 2. Hypandrium sub-rectangular, with Y-shaped notch ventrally (Fig. 38 i); postgonite wide basally, forming a convex lamina, and then tapering towards apex, with a slight small rounded apex, with very few and sparse pile dorso-laterally and densely distributed pile on apico-medial margin; phallus straight with rounded apex (from a ventro-dorsal view), with sub-apical acute extension ventrally, two-pronged medio-ventrally, and a long convexity before the basal tubular process (Fig. 38 h). FEMALE. No females recorded. Length. Body 5.30 – 5.50 mm (n = 2), wing 3.90 – 4.00 mm (n = 2).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53FE75533C24B25FC47FD9C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Peru (Fig. 39). Altitudinal range. 350 – 650 m.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53FE75533C24B25FC47FD9C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym for F. C. Thompson, expert in world Syrphidae and first to notice the initial distinct differences between several species of Neotropical Orthonevra. It should be treated as a noun in the genitive case.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53FE75533C24B25FC47FD9C.taxon	discussion	Comments. Similar to O. sternolobosa sp. nov. however, besides the characters pointed out in the key, the phallus is not widened sub-apically and the surstylus doesn’t have a triangular laminate extension dorso-basally.	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
F814866ED53FE75533C24B25FC47FD9C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: PERU. Huánuco, Leoncio Prado, Tingo Maria [ca 9 ° 17 ' 48.9 " S 75 ° 59 ' 58.0 " W], Monson Valley, 2. xii. 1954, E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross (male holotype thompsoni CASENT, USNMENT 01492705). Paratypes examined: PERU. Cusco, Quincemil, Pte La Cigarra, 13 º 08 ' 27 " S 70 º 23 ' 14 " W, 350 m, 01. ix. 2012, sweep, J. A. Rafael & R. R. Cavichioli (1 male INPA, MMMS 0062).	en	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Thompson, Christian (2024): The Neotropical Orthonevra Macquart, 1829 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Zootaxa 5484 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5484.1.1
