identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F81587BEFFCCFF8016BAC9FC235E72A3.text	F81587BEFFCCFF8016BAC9FC235E72A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hammerschmidtiella keeneyi	<div><p>Hammerschmidtiella keeneyi n.sp.</p><p>(Figs. 1 A–F, 3A–D; Table 1)</p><p>Description (based on 16 males, 41 females). Male: Body with thin anterior half, prominent expansion of midbody, and slender posterior and tail region (Fig. 1 E). Narrow lateral alae present, extending from corpus to precloacal region. Esophagus with base of corpus slightly expanded, thin isthmus, and elongate bulb. Nerve ring posterior to base of corpus. Excretory pore posterior to esophagus. Three pairs of caudal papillae present, including one pair subventral precloacal, one pair lateral postcloacal papillae, both pairs slightly raised from the body surface, and one pair on base of tail appendage (Figs. 1 F, 3B). Phasmids situated on cuticular expansion immediately posterior to cloaca. Spicule present. Gubernaculum absent. Tail ending long, filiform.</p><p>Female: Oral opening surrounded by eight oblong-quadrate myolabia (Figs 1 C, 3C, D). Inner lining of oral opening (cheilostom) with three small projections of tridentate structures, one on each lobe of the esophagus (Fig. 3 D). Amphids semicircular with rounded portion facing outward. Oral annule small, circular, followed by 5–9 prominent cuticular annules (Fig. 3 A); subsequent cuticular annules less distinct. Narrow lateral alae present, arising from a point immediately anterior to the vulva and extending to anus. Esophageal corpus with slight rounded expansion at distal end and with wide base. Nerve ring anterior to broad portion of corpus (Fig. 1 B). Isthmus cylindrical. Basal bulb spherical with valvular apparatus. Excretory pore posterior to esophageal bulb. Intestine slightly dilated at anterior end, but not forming a prominent cardia. Vulva located at anterior third of body, consisting of a crescent-shaped opening with a slight, smooth cuticular extension; vagina directed posteriorly (Fig. 1 A). Uterus branches into two ovaries usually terminating in anterior portion of body. Didelphic, prodelphic. Rectal glands present. Tail subulate (Fig. 1 D). Eggs long, oval, slightly flattened on one side. Measurements in Table 1.</p><p>Character Holotype Paratype females Allotype male Paratype males</p><p>female (n=40) (n=15) Taxonomic summary</p><p>Type host: Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz, 1822) ( Blattaria: Blaberidae)</p><p>Type locality: captive host colony, insectary, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.</p><p>Site of infection: hindgut</p><p>Prevalence: 82%; mean intensity = 2.8; ratio of males to females = 1:1.69.</p><p>Specimens deposited: holotype female, HWML 99914; allotype male HWML 99915; paratype two males HWML 99916; paratypes, 12 females HWML 99917.</p><p>Voucher DNA sequences: 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence GenBank accession number KX752429. The 28S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence, GenBank accession number KX752430.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of George Keeney, entomologist, director of the Ohio State University insectary, and valued colleague.</p><p>Remarks. Hammerschmidtiella keeneyi n. sp. differs from the type species, H. diesingi (Hammerschmidt, 1838) Chitwood, 1932, in having several smaller body proportions such as male body length, distance of nerve ring to anterior end, esophageal length, corpus length, and corpus width, spicule length, and tail length (males), and tail length and De Man ratio b in females (see Chitwood, 1932, Lee, 1958, Shah, 2007, and Blanco et al., 2012, for descriptions of H. diesingi). There is slight overlap in reported female tail length (Blanco et al., 2012). However, the measurement for H. keeneyi n. sp. (325–535 µm, mean = 410 µm vs 479.4–1132.2 µm, mean = 871.6 µm provided for H. diesingi by Blanco et al., 2012) clearly shows a longer tail length for H. diesingi . Furthermore, the female tail of H. keeneyi n.sp. is not filiform as in H. diesingi and De Man ratio c (body length/tail length) is higher in H. keeneyi n. sp. (range 4–7 vs. 2.6–4 in Blanco et al., 2012). Similarly, ratio b (body length/esophageal length) is smaller (range 6–8 vs. 9.5–16) and does not overlap with that of H. diesingi . Although there is slight overlap in male length, the males of H. keeneyi n. sp. are generally smaller than those of H. diesingi (mean length 436 µm vs. 701 µm) and have a shorter tail length (mean 59 µm vs. 101.3 µm) and esophageal length (mean 90 µm vs. 124.7 µm). Hammerschmidtiella basiri Singh &amp; Kaur, 1988 also has females with longer tails (900–1000 µm) and differs in having the excretory pore anterior to the esophageal bulb rather than posterior to the esophagus (Singh &amp; Kaur, 1988). Cuticular plates covering the vulva in H. basiri are absent in H. keeneyi n. sp. Interestingly, tooth-like projections similar to those observed for H. keeneyi n. sp. were noted for H. basiri but not illustrated (Singh &amp; Kaur, 1988). Hammerschmidtiella aspiculus Biswas &amp; Chakravarty, 1963 also included mention of three tooth-like projections in the mouth cavity. However, this species also has a longer female tail (920–960 µm), an excretory pore situated at the level of the esophagus, and smaller eggs (length 74–78 µm vs. 77–98 µm). Male caudal structures were not described in H. aspiculus (Biswas and Chakravarty, 1963) . Hammerschmidtiella acreana Kloss, 1966 has a shorter female tail whose reported length (482–567 µm) slightly overlaps with that of H. keeneyi n. sp. However, eggs of H. acreana are smaller (length 75–78 µm) and male proportions (body length 590–710 µm; esophagus length 107–117 µm; tail 78–135 µm) are larger than in H. keeneyi n. sp. (Kloss, 1966).</p><p>Hammerschmidtiella indicus Singh &amp; Malti, 2003 has a longer female tail (960–980 µm) and much smaller eggs (length 55–56 µm). Both sexes in this species lack lateral alae. In Hammerschmidtiella mackenziei (Zervos, 1987) Adamson &amp; Van Waerebeke, 1992 both female (250–290 µm) and male (28 µm) tail lengths are shorter than in H. keeneyi n. sp., male body shape does not have a mid-body expansion, and the caudal region has four pairs of caudal papillae rather than three (Zervos, 1987). Female tail lengths of Hammerschmidtiella manohari Rao, 1958 (780 µm) and Hammerschmidtiella singhi Rao &amp; Rao, 1965 (658 µm) are longer than that of H. keeneyi n. sp., and males are longer (830 µm for H. singhi, 810–960 µm for H. manohari). In addition, the males of both H. manohari and H. singhi are slenderer in shape. Hammerschmidtiella keeneyi n. sp. differs from Hammerschmidtiella andersoni Adamson &amp; Nasher, 1987 in lacking a gubernaculum, having a wide mid-body region in males, and in having a shorter female tail (tail length for H. andersoni 579–679 µm). Hammerschmidtiella andersoni was reported from a diplopod in Saudi Arabia (Adamson &amp; Nasher, 1987).</p><p>Hammerschmidtiella cristata Spiridonov, 1984 is distinguished from other species of the genus in having a comb-like structure on the anterior end of the cloaca lip of the male, as observed from a recent redescription of the species from the cockroach Gromphadorhina portentosa (Schaum, 1853) by Guzeeva &amp; Spiridonov (2009). This structure was not observed on males of H. keeneyi n. sp. The tail of H. cristata females is filiform and there is only slight overlap with the longer length range reported for H. cristata (450–660 µm). In Hammerschmidtiella poinari (Gupta &amp; Kaur, 1978) Adamson &amp; Van Waerebeke, 1992, the tail length, estimated to be approximately 400 µm based on the illustration of the female tail, falls within the range of that of H. keeneyi n. sp. (Gupta &amp; Kaur, 1978). However, in H. poinari the vulva is in the mid-region of the body rather than in the anterior third, and the excretory pore is closer to the esophageal bulb.</p><p>Hammerschmidtiella keeneyi n. sp. resembles Hammerschmidtiella neyrai Serrano Sanchez, 1945 . The shorter female tail length of H. neyrai (400 µm) falls within the range of H. keeneyi n. sp., and other female body proportions are consistent with the description of H. neyrai (Serrano Sánchez, 1947) . However, female body length is slightly greater in H. neyrai (2800 µm, no range available, vs 1733–2750 in H. keeneyi n. sp.), egg length is shorter in H. neyrai (78 µm), and male body length (1270 µm), width (80 µm), esophagus (146 µm), and spicule length (28 µm) are greater. Lateral alae are absent in H. neyrai . Hammerschmidtiella hochi Jex, Schneider, Rose, &amp; Cribb, 2005 differs in lacking lateral alae and having the female excretory pore at the level of the bulb, and in having ovoid, pear-shaped eggs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F81587BEFFCCFF8016BAC9FC235E72A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carreno, Ramon A.	Carreno, Ramon A. (2017): New species of Hammerschmidtiella Chitwood, 1932, and Blattophila Cobb, 1920, and new geographical records for Severianoia annamensis Van Luc & Spiridonov, 1993 (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea) from Cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) in Ohio and Florida, U. S. A. Zootaxa 4226 (3): 429-441, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4226.3.6
F81587BEFFC8FF8D16BACDA7228575CE.text	F81587BEFFC8FF8D16BACDA7228575CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Blattophila peregrinata	<div><p>Blattophila peregrinata n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 2 A–F; 3E–H; Table 2)</p><p>Description (based on 16 males, 70 females). Male: Small worms. Narrow lateral alae present, extending from point of esophageal corpus to precloacal region (Fig. 3 F). Head region slightly expanded. Esophagus with base of corpus slightly expanded, thin isthmus, and elongate bulb (Fig. 2 E). Nerve ring posterior to base of corpus. Excretory pore posterior to esophagus. Four pairs of caudal papillae present, including one larger pair subventral precloacal, one smaller pair postcloacal papillae spaced closely together, one adanal pair, and one small pair at base of filiform tail appendage (Fig. 2 F). Spicule present. Gubernaculum absent.</p><p>Female: Oral opening triangular, 8 weakly developed myolabia present, each with a rounded distal end and linear elevated cuticular division between the two borders of each myolabium (Figs. 2 C, 3E). Amphids circular. Second annule longer and markedly wider than oral annule, base delineated from rest of body (Fig. 2 B). Lateral alae absent. Esophageal corpus with slightly rounded, expanded anterior portion surrounding the stoma. Posterior of corpus expanded, gradually narrowing toward anterior end (Fig. 2 B). Nerve ring near posterior end of corpus, at point where corpus expands basally (Fig. 2 B). Isthmus short, straight. Basal bulb spherical with valvular apparatus. Excretory pore posterior to esophageal bulb. Didelphic, opisthodelphic. Vulva opening in anterior third of body, vagina posteriorly directed (Fig. 2 A). Vulva opening crescent-shaped, lacking prominent extension of cuticle. Common uterus branching posterior to mid body, ovaries reflexed anteriorly. Tail subulate, slightly filiform (Fig. 2 D). Rectal glands present. Eggs oval, with operculum (Figs. 3 G, H).</p><p>Taxonomic Summary</p><p>Type host: Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius, 1775) ( Blattaria: Blattidae)</p><p>Type locality: Moore Greenhouse, campus of Ohio Wesleyan University , Delaware, Ohio, USA. (40˚17’43.1”N 83˚03’55.3”W).</p><p>Prevalence = 79.5%; mean intensity = 6.43</p><p>Other localities (from P. surinamensis only): John Pennecamp Coral Reef State Park, Key Largo, Florida, USA (25 ̊7’38.3”N, 80 ̊24’31.2”W); Prevalence = 79%; mean intensity = 2.15 ; Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (locality information for specific islands in Sinnott et al., 2015). Prevalence (in Galápagos P. surinamensis) = 16%; mean intensity = 1.5</p><p>Site of infection: hindgut</p><p>Specimens deposited: From P. australasiae: holotype female, HWML 99918; allotype male HWML 99919; paratypes, 20 females HWML 99921.</p><p>From P. surinamensis: vouchers, four females HWML 99920, 1 male HWML 99922 from John Pennecamp Coral Reef State Park, Key Largo, Florida, USA .</p><p>Voucher DNA sequences: 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence GenBank accession number KX752427. 28S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence GenBank accession number KX752428.</p><p>Etymology. The name “ peregrinata ”, or “traveler”, refers to the widespread distribution of this species.</p><p>Remarks. Based on keys to the genus Blattophila by Farooqui (1967), Ali et al. (1970), and an updated key by Jex et al.,(2005), Blattophila peregrinata n. sp. differs from Blattophila suppelaima Basir, 1941, Blattophila singhi Farooqui, 1967, Blattophila indica Rao &amp; Rao, 1965, Blattophila farooquii (Farooqui, 1967) Adamson &amp; Van Waerebeke, 1992, and Blattophila bryostriae Farooqui, 1967 in having a posteriorly directed vagina. In each of these species, as well as in Blattophila basiri (Ahmed &amp; Jabin, 1966) Adamson &amp; Van Waerebeke, 1992, a species not included in published keys, the vagina is anteriorly directed. Females of B. basiri, B. bryostriae, and B. farooquii have lateral alae and males of these species differ, being larger (970–1000 µm in B. bryostriae, 1030 – 1200 µm in B. farooquii and 1800–2100 µm in B. basiri vs. 275–510 µm in B. peregrinata n. sp.) and having only a single postcloacal papilla at the base of the tail (Ahmed &amp; Jabin, 1966; Farooqui, 1967). The male tail appendage is shorter in these species (19–29 µm in B. basiri vs. 28–43 µm in B. peregrinata n. sp.). Females of B. singhi also have lateral alae and a laterally tilted cephalic region. Females of B. supellaima lack a well delineated second annule and do not have as broad a corpus base (17–40 µm vs. 38–58 µm) as in B. peregrinata n. sp. (Basir, 1941). The eggs of B. supellaima lack an operculum. Females of B. indica also have a narrower corpus base (33 µm) and lack operculate eggs, and males are larger (1016 µm). The posterior tail shape of males differs from that of B. peregrinata n. sp. in being rounded rather than gradually tapering (Rao &amp; Rao, 1965).</p><p>Of the remaining species, Blattophila narayani Farooqui, 1967, and Blattophila javanica Chitwood &amp; Chitwood, 1934 have the vulva located near the midbody rather than at its anterior third. Blattophila narayani females have lateral alae, and the male tail appendage extends from an abruptly ending, rounded tail tip. Blattophila javanica has a longer esophagus (length 410–610 µm) and tail length (590–670 µm). Based on the illustrations of the female by Chitwood and Chitwood (1934), the base of the corpus is also wider (estimated as 70 µm from Fig. 2 in Chitwood &amp; Chitwood, 1934) than in B. peregrinata n. sp.</p><p>Three additional species, Blattophila perisphoeriai Ali, Farooqui, &amp; Shrisunder, 1970, Blattophila aurangabadensis Ali &amp; Shrisunder, 1971, and the type species, Blattophila sphaerolaima Cobb, 1920 have the vulva located in the anterior third of the body, as in B. peregrinata n. sp. Blattophila perisphoeriai differs in lacking cephalic annules and B. aurangabadensis has eggs without an operculum. Blattophila peregrinata n. sp. has prominent cephalic annules and has operculate eggs. Measurements for many characters of B. perisphoeriai females (body length, width, esophagus, excretory pore, distance of vulva from anterior end, and egg length) are similar to those of B. peregrinata n. sp., and the base of the corpus is not prominently rounded (Ali et al., 1970). However, the tail of B. peregrinata n. sp. is longer than that of B. perisphoeriai (200–240 µm in the latter) and tapers somewhat gradually rather than abruptly narrowing from the end of the body. There is not a prominent second cephalic annule in B. perisphoeriai . Blattophila sphaerolaima resembles B. peregrinata n. sp. in having an enlarged second annule, a slightly expanded distal portion of the corpus surrounding the buccal cavity, and operculate eggs (Jex et al., 2005). However, the eggs are larger (84–100 µm) and there are two polar opercula in B. sphaerolaima, and the female has lateral alae. Tail length (800 – 1140 µm) is also considerably larger than in B. peregrinata n. sp.</p><p>The most recently described species, B. praelongicauda Jex, Schneider, Rose, &amp; Cribb, 2006, another species with operculate eggs, has a much longer tail (seen by actual length 800–820 µm and De Man ratio c 2.3–2.4) and has a corpus whose base is more rounded than that of B. peregrinata n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F81587BEFFC8FF8D16BACDA7228575CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carreno, Ramon A.	Carreno, Ramon A. (2017): New species of Hammerschmidtiella Chitwood, 1932, and Blattophila Cobb, 1920, and new geographical records for Severianoia annamensis Van Luc & Spiridonov, 1993 (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea) from Cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) in Ohio and Florida, U. S. A. Zootaxa 4226 (3): 429-441, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4226.3.6
F81587BEFFC4FF8E16BACC7C24D377B3.text	F81587BEFFC4FF8E16BACC7C24D377B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Severianoia annamensis Van Luc and Spiridonov 1993	<div><p>Severianoia annamensis Van Luc and Spiridonov, 1993</p><p>(Table 3)</p><p>Several specimens of P. surinamensis collected in southern Florida were infected with S. annamensis (Table 3).</p><p>Taxonomic Summary</p><p>Host: Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Locality: John Pennecamp Coral Reef State Park, Key Largo, Florida (25 ̊7’38.3”N, 80 ̊24’31.2”W).</p><p>Prevalence = 15%; mean intensity = 2.8</p><p>Site of infection: hindgut</p><p>Specimens deposited: Vouchers HWML 99923 1 male, 1 female; HWML 99924, three females, John Pennecamp Coral Reef State Park, Key Largo, Florida.</p><p>Voucher DNA sequence: 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence Genbank accession number KX752431.</p><p>General observations of S. annamensis from Florida . Although esophageal proportions are slightly larger (with overlap) in the Florida specimens (415–503 µm in Florida specimens vs. 320–460 µm in original description), other measurements overlapped more broadly with those provided for S. annamensis, and the specimens were determined to be morphologically indistinguishable. The type species, Severianoia severianoi (Schwenck, 1926) Travassos, 1929 has much larger esophageal length (525–706 µm in original description by Schwenck and redescription by Kloss, 1966). Female body length (3000–4366 µm) is also greater in S. severianoi . A report of a single female originally identified by Chitwood (1932) as S. severianoi from P. surinamensis in southern Florida (Paradise Key, Everglades National Park) included measurements that are more consistent with S. annamensis (Van Luc &amp; Spiridonov, 1993) . The tail length of Chitwood’s female (110 µm) fell well out of the range of the Key Largo specimens (141–159 µm). However, tail length in the original description of S. severianoi (100–200 µm) overlaps with both species (Schwenck, 1926; Van Luc and Spiridonov, 1993), and re-measurement of Chitwood’s specimen (US National Parasite Collection code USNPC 31893) yielded a tail length of 147 µm. The Severianoia sp. documented from the Galápagos Islands also yielded overlapping measurements of both males and females of S. annamensis and more closely resembles S. annamensis than S. severianoi (Sinnott et al., 2015) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F81587BEFFC4FF8E16BACC7C24D377B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carreno, Ramon A.	Carreno, Ramon A. (2017): New species of Hammerschmidtiella Chitwood, 1932, and Blattophila Cobb, 1920, and new geographical records for Severianoia annamensis Van Luc & Spiridonov, 1993 (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea) from Cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) in Ohio and Florida, U. S. A. Zootaxa 4226 (3): 429-441, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4226.3.6
