taxonID	type	description	language	source
2C5383162BB856E9AF2352BEA179D25F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West and Central Palaearctic; precise details are given by Lieftinck (1968) & Wood and Bossert (2025).	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
B69F28EDC5DC5BAC8B7A5ABE6AAC279E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Spain (precise location uncertain), Greece, Turkey, Syria, Iran, Kazakhstan (Lieftinck 1968; Ascher and Pickering 2025). The listing of Iran comes from material determined by Baker hosted in his collection at the Kansas museum. Given Baker’s knowledge of this genus, we accept the record as plausible. Listings from Morocco, Liechtenstein, and Ukraine (Ascher and Pickering 2025) are from the American Museum of Natural History species database and are excluded at the present time due to a lack of precise supporting data.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
F1B1AB61C8D55E95BB5B18A469FEAB29.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy, Algeria (Lieftinck 1968 partim; Wood 2023; Fig. 22).	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
C222AE85EB58523D933699BCC9ECD547.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Spain (Gran Canaria) (Schwarz 1993).	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
BA096D8574F956F793547B5C2B0C650D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Thyreus impressus can be placed into the scutellaris - group due to the genital capsule, which is simple, with the gonostylus greatly reduced in size and pointed-triangular without an additional dorsal projection (Fig. 5 E), and the gonostylus with only a few inconspicuous hairs. It can be separated from all other members of the group except T. scutellaris by the structure of the scutellum, which is medially impressed and sulcate, with the axillae slightly diverging from the outer margins of the scutellum and produced into slight but distinct points (Fig. 4 C), and due to the white hair patches at the base and on the marginal area of T 1, both widely separated medially and laterally by abundant black hairs, thus forming 4 distinct patches in dorsal view (Fig. 4 D). The two species are similar, but T. impressus can be recognised due to the gonostylus which is small and acutely pointed, with the inner margin straight (Fig. 5 E; in T. scutellaris with the gonostylus more elongate and apically blunt to rounded, and the inner margin with a distinct subapical kink, Fig. 5 F; see also illustration in Lieftinck 1968: 46), in frontal view with A 3 only slightly exceeding A 4 in length (Fig. 5 A; in T. scutellaris with A 3 clearly exceeding A 4 in length, approaching A 4 + 5, Fig. 5 B), and the posterior faces of the antennal segments with strongly produced individual rhinaria (not paired), clearly visible on the posterior face of A 13 (Fig. 5 C; in T. scutellaris with the posterior faces of the antennal segments with weakly produced individual rhinaria, that on A 13 so small and weak as to not be immediately visible, Fig. 5 D).	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
BA096D8574F956F793547B5C2B0C650D.taxon	description	Description. Female. Unknown. Male. Body length: 9.5 – 10 mm (Fig. 4 A). Head: Dark, 1.25 times wider than long (Fig. 4 B). Clypeus flattened, densely punctate, punctures confluent, surface dull with exception of narrow shining margin. Labrum rounded rectangular, 1.5 times longer than wide, apex with elevated subapical transverse carina forming obtusely pointed tooth; labrum basally weakly produced into two tubercles laterally. Gena narrower than width of compound eye; ocelloccipital distance 1.5 times diameter of lateral ocellus. Hind margin of vertex with narrow obscure slightly raised carina-like rim. Face between antennal insertions with weak raised longitudinal carina, rapidly reducing in height and becoming medial impression on frons anterior to median ocellus. Frons punctate, punctures separated by ≤ 0.5 puncture diameters, punctation becoming slightly weaker on vertex, here separated by up to 1 puncture diameter. Face with abundant white pubescence, decumbent on lower half of face below antennal insertions. Gena ventrally with dark hairs, dorsally and laterally with scattered white hairs. Antenna dark, with very fine granular microreticulation, A 3 slightly exceeding A 4, shorter than A 4 + 5 (Fig. 5 A). Posterior faces of A 3 – 13 with strongly impressed individual rhinaria (Fig. 5 C). Mesosoma: Scutum and scutellum densely punctate, punctures separated by ≤ 0.5 puncture diameters, interspaces slightly shining. Scutellum 1.6 times wider than long, posterior margin widely emarginate, medially distinctly impressed and sulcate (Fig. 4 C) with dorsal and ventral tufts of white hairs; axillae with outer margins slightly but distinctly diverging from outer margins of scutellum and produced into slight but distinct points. Remaining surface of scutellum and axilla covered with dark hairs which do not obscure surface. Mesepisternum densely punctate, punctures separated by 0.5 – 1 puncture diameter. Legs dark, with white pubescence on outer face of tibiae, covering entire length on all tibiae. Forewing weakly infuscate. Metasoma: Terga dark, tergal discs densely punctate with hair-bearing punctures, punctures presenting short, posteriorly projecting black plumose hairs; punctures separated by ≤ 0.5 puncture diameters. T 1 with 4 patches of white hairs laterally, 2 basally and 2 apically, patches widely separated by black hairs on lateral margins of terga (Fig. 4 D). T 2 with almost rectangular patches of white hairs laterally, with clear but narrow extension towards base of disc laterally. T 3 – 5 with rectangular patches of white adpressed hairs, not forming complete bands. T 7 with apical margin shallowly and evenly emarginate. Genital capsule compact, rounded, gonostylus greatly reduced in size and pointed-triangular without additional dorsal projection (Fig. 5 E). Gonostylus with only scattered inconspicuous hairs.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
BA096D8574F956F793547B5C2B0C650D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Masculine nominative singular form of the Latin adjective impressus meaning impressed, in reference to the more strongly produced antennal rhinaria compared to T. scutellaris.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
BA096D8574F956F793547B5C2B0C650D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kyrgyzstan.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
043CB51FBBD45A1A9AD9B9640D3D47E9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Thyreus jansseni can be recognised as a typical Thyreus (“ Other species of Thyreus Panzer ”) due to the large flattened scutellum which posteriorly projects over the metanotum and which is uniformly flattened over its entire surface and which is not medially sulcate (Fig. 2 C), combined with the genital capsule with a large gonostylus which is covered with long hairs (Fig. 3 G). Due to the white hairs on T 1 which form C-shaped patches (Fig. 3 C; basally slightly incurving towards the scutellum), the scutellum with punctures separated by 0.5 – 1 puncture diameters and with polished shining interspaces (Fig. 2 C), with S 8 produced into two projections which are apically truncate and which curve laterally, thus appearing to be “ golf-club ” - shaped (Fig. 3 E), and the genital capsule with a large apically truncate projection and basal dorsally projecting and acutely pointed section oriented roughly 90 ° relative to the larger lobe (Fig. 3 G), it can be confused only with Thyreus picaron (Figs 2 D, 3 D, 3 F, 3 H). Thyreus jansseni can be separated from T. picaron due to the smaller body size of 10 mm (12 – 13 mm in T. picaron), scutellum 1.5 times wider than long with the median notch barely indicated (Fig. 2 C; in T. picaron with the scutellum 1.6 times wider than long, and with the median notch deep and strongly indicated, Fig. 2 D), antennal segments viewed dorsally with a strong division between the anterior face which is covered with fine shining scales and the dull posterior face (Fig. 2 E; in T. picaron with a weaker division between the shinier anterior and duller posterior faces of the antenna, Fig. 2 F), posterior faces of the antennal segments with very weakly impressed paired rhinaria, those situated more ventrally very difficult to see (in T. picaron with the posterior faces of the antennal segments with strongly impressed paired rhinaria, dorsal and ventral rhinaria equally visible), and posterior basitarsus with only a small white hair fringe dorsally (Fig. 3 A; in T. picaron with the hind basitarsus entirely covered in fine white hairs, these becoming thicker dorsally, Fig. 3 B).	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
043CB51FBBD45A1A9AD9B9640D3D47E9.taxon	description	Description. Female. Unknown, though likely described by Marikovskaya (1992) as T. picaron auctorum (see below). Male. Body length: 10 mm (Fig. 2 A). Head: Dark, 1.3 times wider than long (Fig. 2 B). Clypeus flattened, densely punctate, punctures separated by ≤ 0.5 puncture diameters, surface between punctures shining. Labrum rounded rectangular, almost 2 times longer than wide, apex with elevated subapical transverse carina forming obtusely pointed tooth; labrum basally weakly produced into two tubercles laterally. Gena narrower than width of compound eye; ocelloccipital distance 2 times diameter of lateral ocellus. Hind margin of vertex with narrow obscure slightly raised carina-like rim. Face between antennal insertions with raised longitudinal carina, reducing in height and becoming medial impression on frons anterior to median ocellus. Frons punctate, punctures separated by ≤ 0.5 puncture diameters, becoming sparser in area anterior to median ocellus; vertex behind ocellar triangle densely punctate, areas adjacent to lateral ocelli impunctate, smooth and shining. Face with abundant white pubescence, decumbent on lower half of face below antennal insertions. Gena ventrally with dark hairs, dorsally with scattered white hairs. Antenna dark, A 4 – 13 with anterior faces lightened by presence of greyish scales; posterior faces of A 4 – 13 with fine granular microreticulation, surface dull and strongly contrasting scales of anterior faces (Fig. 2 E). Posterior faces of A 4 – 13 with small and superficially impressed paired rhinaria placed close to junction with preceding segment, ventral rhinaria almost undetectable. A 3 0.8 times length of A 4. Mesosoma: Scutum and scutellum punctate, punctures separated by 0.5 – 2 puncture diameters but typically by 1 puncture diameter, surface between punctures smooth and shining. Scutellum 1.5 times wider than long, posterior margin wavy, with small median notch, posteriorly with moderate tuft of white hair projecting from ventral surface (Fig. 2 C). Axilla flush with outer margin of scutellum, scutellum and axilla with dark hairs which do not obscure surface. Mesepisternum densely punctate medially, punctures confluent with slightly raised ridges, becoming sparser ventrally, here separated by 0.5 – 2 puncture diameters. Legs dark, with abundant white pubescence on outer face of tibiae, covering entirety of fore and mid-tibiae and basal ½ of hind tibiae. Hind basitarsus predominantly with dark hairs, dorsal surface with small white hair fringe (Fig. 3 A). Forewing weakly infuscate. Metasoma: Terga dark, tergal discs punctate with hair-bearing punctures, punctures presenting short, posteriorly projecting black plumose hairs; punctures separated by 0.5 – 1 puncture diameters (Fig. 3 C). T 1 with L-shaped white hair patch laterally, apically extending further towards centre of tergum than basally, hairs predominantly adpressed, some loose hairs found basolaterally. T 2 with almost rectangular patches of white hairs laterally, with narrow extension towards base of disc laterally. T 3 – 5 with rectangular patches of white adpressed hairs, not forming complete bands. T 7 with apical margin essentially straight, weakly wavy. S 8 delicate, posterior projections with narrow stem before turning 90 ° degrees to form small laterally projecting discs (Fig. 3 E). Genital capsule compact, almost rounded, gonocoxa slightly broadened and truncate apically, in basal part with dorsally projecting acutely pointed lobe rotated 90 ° relative to truncate section (Fig. 3 G). Basal and apical parts of gonostylus covered with long brown hairs, hairs simple apically, weakly plumose basally.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
043CB51FBBD45A1A9AD9B9640D3D47E9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is to recognise Kobe Janssen (Belgium), who very generously shared large numbers of bee specimens (including Melectini) with the lead author for a long period of time.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
043CB51FBBD45A1A9AD9B9640D3D47E9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kyrgyzstan and Afghanistan. Likely present in other Central Asian countries, given Lieftinck’s (1968: 92) paratypes of T. picaron from Uzbekistan (Dzhuma) and Kazakhstan (Zharkent, Kazaly) (specimens in St. Petersburg, Oxford, and Prague). Examination of these specimens is necessary to clearly delineate the distributions of these two species. Searches in the OUMNH (TJW, August 2025) could not locate any “ T. picaron ” specimens or registration of such in the type catalogue.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
F9C1840C350451338FE78EA626522AF8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lieftinck (1968: 112) indicated that the female is likely to be recognised by one shared character with the male, which is the presence of two distinct white hair spots on the scutum. The female specimen captured with the male T. parthenope in Sweihan (United Arab Emirates, see examined material below) displays this character (Fig. 11 E) and also shows additional characters that allow separation from similar species. It can be recognised due to the presence of an unbroken line of white hairs running along the entire length of the lateral margins of the scutum (Fig. 11 D), as in T. priesneri Lieftinck, 1968 (see below), T. ramosus (Lepeletier, 1841), and T. ramosellus Cockerell, 1919 (in T. histrionicus with the scutum laterally with some dark hairs, never with a complete unbroken line of white hairs). Separation from T. priesneri, T. ramosus, and T. ramosellus can be made by the presence of distinct white hair patches on the scutellum (Fig. 11 E; without such patches in the three comparison species), and also because the axillae are covered with a dense tuft of adpressed white hairs (Fig. 11 E), whereas in the comparison species the axillae lack such hair patches (being entirely black haired). Thyreus priesneri can also be separated due to the structure of the pygidial plate, which is flat and irregularly punctate, whereas in T. parthenope the pygidial plate is impunctate has a longitudinal bump or ridge medially. The presence of white hair patches on the axillae gives T. parthenope a similar appearance to T. hyalinatus (Vachal, 1903) (Israel, Egypt, Sudan, Chad *, Eritrea, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Qatar *, United Arab Emirates *, Oman *, Iran; Lieftinck 1968), but the two species can be separated by the presence of the white hair spots on the scutellum of T. parthenope (absent in T. hyalinatus). The two species can also be separated due to the structure of the mesepisternum in its ventral half (the part not covered with pubescence), which has the punctures dense and very weakly separated in T. parthenope (punctures almost confluent), whereas T. hyalinatus shows clear shining spaces between the punctures, these spaces often wider than the diameter of a puncture. These characters, in combination with the distribution, which is currently restricted to the southern half of the Arabian Peninsula and probably south-eastern Egypt allows recognition, particularly in combination with concurrently active males.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
F9C1840C350451338FE78EA626522AF8.taxon	description	Description. Female. Body length: 12 mm (Fig. 11 A). Head: Dark, 1.3 times wider than long (Fig. 11 B). Clypeus very weakly domed, densely punctate, punctures separated by ≤ 0.5 puncture diameters, interspaces shining. Labrum rounded rectangular, 1.5 times longer than broad, with longitudinal impressed midline terminating subapically, apex with tiny slightly projecting tooth; labrum basally strongly produced into two tubercles laterally, outer half of tubercules polished and shining, impunctate. Gena much narrower than width of compound eye; ocelloccipital distance 2 times diameter of lateral ocellus. Face between antennal insertions with weakly raised longitudinal carina, not strongly extending dorsally. Frons densely punctate, punctures separated by ≤ 0.5 puncture diameters, becoming weaker laterally adjacent to lateral ocelli, here with polished shining impunctate space subequal to diameter of lateral ocellus (Fig. 11 C). Head almost entirely white-haired, with brownish hairs restricted to mandibles. Antenna dark, measured along ventral surface A 3, more or less equalling A 4. Mesosoma: Scutum and scutellum densely punctate, punctures separated by ≤ 0.5 puncture diameters, up to 1 puncture diameter on scutellum, surface between punctures shiny. Scutum with contrasting black and white pubescence, white pubescence along anterior margin, lateral margins, medially with longitudinal line covering anterior ¾ of scutum, anterolaterally with two white spots, posterolaterally with two thick patches along posterior margin (Fig. 11 D). Axilla with clear patch of white plumose adpressed hairs. Scutellum postero-laterally with two patches of white plumose adpressed hairs. Scutellum produced into two posteriorly projecting points, between these with shallow emargination, scutellum itself relatively long, maximum width 1.5 times longer than maximum length; emargination between posterior points with thick broad tuft of white hairs emerging from ventral surface (Fig. 11 E). Mesepisternum in dorsal ½ covered with dense patch of adpressed white hairs, entirely obscuring surface; in ventral ½ with surface lacking hairs, densely and regularly punctate, punctures almost confluent. Legs dark, outer surface of tibiae and tarsi covered with dense felt-like white hairs, mid and hind tibiae with short dark spines projecting through pubescence. Forewing almost entirely hyaline, with only weak infuscation adjacent to a few veins. Metasoma: Terga dark, tergal discs densely punctate with hair-bearing punctures, punctures presenting short, posteriorly projecting black plumose hairs, punctures separated by 0.5 – 2 puncture diameters (Fig. 11 F). T 1 laterally with wide C-shaped patch of white hairs, hairs along apical margin of tergum reaching further towards centre of disc than hairs along basal margin of tergum. T 2 with L-shaped patch of white hairs, T 3 – 5 with rectangular white hair patches, hair patches on all terga broadly separated medially, never complete. Pygidial plate weakly converging apically, lateral margins slightly raised, medially with strongly humped longitudinal bump, surface dull.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
F9C1840C350451338FE78EA626522AF8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Egypt (presumably southern Egypt), Sudan *, Saudi Arabia *, Yemen, United Arab Emirates *, Oman * (Lieftinck 1968).	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
BEF8CE21745756D5AB1A43B66467342E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Austria, Slovakia *, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Ukraine *, Montenegro *, Albania *, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Georgia *, Lebanon *, Iran (Lieftinck 1968 partim; Kuhlmann et al. 2014; Varnava et al. 2020; Ascher and Pickering 2025; Gaspar et al. 2025; Fig. 12). As discussed above, we suspect that records from Central Asia will correspond to T. jansseni.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
944F084BFEDD58AEBD605FF52C3563BC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Greece *, Turkey, Armenia (Lieftinck 1968).	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
8CFE9A43A3BE51408D833116D1680C2A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As in T. parthenope, T. priesneri has an unbroken line of white hairs running along the entire length of the lateral margins of the scutum (Fig. 13 E), as in T. ramosus (Lepeletier, 1841) and T. ramosellus Cockerell, 1919. Thyreus parthenope is diagnosed above, displaying white hair patches on the axillae and scutellum, whereas these areas are black-haired in T. priesneri (Fig. 13 E), which also shows the lower half of the mesepisternum with large shining interspaces (Fig. 13 D; with some interspaces reaching 3 puncture diameters), whereas in T. parthenope this area is densely punctate, without large shining interspaces. This shining and sparsely punctate mesepisternum also allows separation from T. ramosus and T. ramosellus, and indeed it is strange that Lieftinck diagnosed T. priesneri against T. ramosus when in the construction of the genital capsule and the shining lower half of the mesepisternum it is much closer to T. hyalinatus (Vachal, 1903), with which it has an overlapping range in Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula. Thyreus priesneri can be differentiated from the latter species due to the axillae with black hairs (Fig. 13 E; in T. hyalinatus with white patches of hairs covering the axillae), the L-shaped patches of hairs on the lateral parts of T 1 (Fig. 13 F), these being uneven, with the apical part projecting further towards the centre of the tergal disc than the basal part (in T. hyalinatus with the C-shaped patches of hairs more even, with both the basal and apical parts uniformly projecting towards the centre of the tergal disc), and the posterior margin of the scutellum, which has posteriorly projecting white hairs emerging from below but not sitting on the dorsal side of the disc (Fig. 13 E; in T. hyalinatus with hairs emerging both from below the posterior margin of the scutellum and present on the dorsal side of the posterior margin of the disc). This combination of characters (continuous line of white hairs on the lateral margins of the scutum, lower half of the mesepisternum sparsely punctate with large shining interspaces, and axillae and scutellum entirely black-haired) should allow recognition of females of T. priesneri compared to other species in north-eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. For diagnosis against T. fallibilis, the overall pubescence pattern is highly similar, as well as the punctation and microsculpture of the integument, such as in the lower part of the mesepisternum with large shining interspaces (Fig. 14 D), the vertex domed in frontal view (Fig. 14 C), and the scutellum of similar shape and with similar puncture density (Fig. 14 E). The key difference is in the structure of the individual hairs; in T. fallibilis, the hairs are flattened and strongly plumose, with the branches spreading laterally, becoming almost scale-like (Fig. 14 E, F). In T. priesneri, the hairs are plumose but are not flattened, and the branches do not spread laterally, meaning that they have a more quill-like appearance (Fig. 13 E, F). This can be seen most clearly on the disc of T 1. As noted by Lieftinck (1968: 96), the pubescence of T. fallibilis is also slightly tinted with blue, whereas in T. priesneri the pubescence is pure white. We maintain the species concepts presented by Lieftinck, but this putative species pair would benefit from molecular investigation.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
8CFE9A43A3BE51408D833116D1680C2A.taxon	description	Description. Female. Body length: 9 mm (Fig. 13 A). Head: Dark, 1.2 times wider than long (Fig. 13 B). Clypeus slightly elevated, more or less flattened across disc, densely punctate, punctures separated by ≤ 0.5 puncture diameters, interspaces shining. Labrum broadly rounded rectangular, lateral margins converging, apex thus narrower than base, labrum only slightly longer than basal width. Labrum basally with two slightly raised tubercules, medially with impressed furrow, this terminating subapically at strong transverse carinae, medially produced into pointed tooth (Fig. 13 C). Gena much narrower than width of compound eye, posteriorly with strongly raised winged carinae, narrowing to be almost imperceptible along posterior margin of vertex; ocelloccipital distance 1.5 times diameter of lateral ocellus. Face between antennal insertions with weakly raised longitudinal carina, not strongly extending dorsally. Frons densely punctate, punctures separated by 0.5 – 1 puncture diameters, with slight impunctate space adjacent to lateral ocelli, space subequal to diameter of lateral ocellus. Head almost entirely white-haired, with brownish hairs restricted to mandibles. Antenna dark, measured along ventral surface A 3, slightly but distinctly shorter than A 4. Mesosoma: Scutum and scutellum densely punctate, punctures somewhat irregular, separated by <0.5 – 1 puncture diameters, punctures most consistently dense on scutellum, surface shiny. Scutum with contrasting black and white pubescence, abundant white pubescence along anterior margin, lateral margins, medially with longitudinal line covering anterior ½ of segment, anterio-laterally with two white spots, postero-laterally with two thick patches along posterior margin (Fig. 13 E). Axillae and scutellum entirely black haired on dorsal surface. Scutellum produced into two posteriorly projecting points, between these with shallow emargination, scutellum itself relatively long, maximum width 1.5 times longer than maximum length (measured from base to midpoint between posterior points); emargination between posterior points with thick broad tuft of white hairs emerging from ventral surface. Mesepisternum in dorsal ½ covered with dense patch of adpressed white hairs, entirely obscuring surface; in ventral ½ with surface lacking hairs, with split punctation; in anterior portion with surface abundantly punctate, punctures separated by <0.5 – 1, in posterior portion with punctures becoming very sparse, punctures separated by 1 – 4 puncture diameters, interspaces smooth and polished (Fig. 13 D). Legs dark, outer surface of tibiae covered with dense felt-like white hairs, mid and hind tibiae with short dark spines projecting through pubescence. Forewing with varied colouration, predominantly hyaline with infuscation adjacent to vein, within submarginal and marginal cells, and on apical papillate region. Metasoma: Terga dark, tergal discs densely punctate with hair-bearing punctures, punctures presenting short, posteriorly projecting black plumose hairs, punctures separated by 0.5 – 2 puncture diameters, extending onto majority of marginal areas, with marginal areas narrowly impunctate along apical rim (Fig. 13 F). T 1 laterally with large patch of white hairs, these not typically C-shaped, more L-shaped with apical part projecting further towards centre of disc than basal part. T 2 with broad L-shaped patch of white hairs, T 3 – 5 with rectangular white hair patches, hair patches on all terga broadly separated medially, never complete. Pygidial plate long, triangular, narrowly rounded, lateral margins slightly raised, surface flat, irregularly punctate with punctures of variable sizes, surface very obscurely shining.	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
8CFE9A43A3BE51408D833116D1680C2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern Egypt and Saudi Arabia * (Lieftinck 1968).	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
C6583106E75B5EE18AB317BADDF788A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution.? Egypt,? Syria sensu lato,? Arabia sensu lato, Croatia, Russia (European part, Urals, Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia), Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia) (Lieftinck 1959 b, 1968).	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
93D813388F705AEFA0C4481FEDCB6EE0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Albania, North Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Moldova *, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia (European part), Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Israel, Syria, Kuwait, Iran, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan * (de Beaumont 1940; Lieftinck 1968; Kuhlmann et al. 2014; Ascher and Pickering 2025; Fig. 10).	en	Wood, Thomas, Leclercq, Vincent, Schmid-Egger, Christian, Praz, Christophe (2025): A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Thyreus Panzer in the West and Central Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with two new species, taxonomic updates, host relationships, and a key to European species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 259-302, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.164496
