taxonID	type	description	language	source
FE1487ACAD0CFFA9FF429043FD4EF82D.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 10, 102 – 104, 132)	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD0CFFA9FF429043FD4EF82D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length, female, 28.74 mm (27.62 – 30.60; n = 5), male, 29.43 mm (28.45 – 30.97; n = 5). Female: Head with elevated prominences adjacent to ocelli with appearance of horns (Fig. 1); middle ocellus clearly below level of lateral ocelli and upper margin of eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disc with sparse punctation (punctures separated by three or more puncture diameters); wings brown to dark brown with blue-violet iridescence (Fig. 3); pubescence evenly black; integument of terga evenly black; T 1 to T 4 with scattered minute punctures; T 2 to T 4 with minute hairs, T 5 hairs 0.49 – 1.02 (length respect MOD). Male: Terga yellowish-orange, with no bands (Fig. 10); metasoma with yellowish orange pubescence; posterior tibia internal distal extreme with a notable sharp projection but with apex rounded, anterior margin with a rounded prominence, width of projection two thirds the width of the tibia (Fig. 9); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.71 – 1.59, T 3 0.77 – 1.28, T 4 0.79 – 1.42, T 5 0.81 – 1.54; tip of the lateral process of the gonostylus ending broad, rhomboid shaped (Fig. 103).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD0CFFA9FF429043FD4EF82D.taxon	description	Description. Female: Integument and pubescence black; wings brown to dark brown with blue-violet iridescence (Fig. 3); venation dark brown. Body length 28.74 mm (27.62 – 30.60; n = 5); length of forewing 25.27 mm (24.63 – 26.29; n = 5); head length 7.18 mm (6.78 – 7.58; n = 5); intertegular distance 8.37 mm (7.66 – 8.78; n = 5); width of T 2 12.48 mm (11.69 – 12.82; n = 5). Head: Frontal area with two large prominent elevations similar to horns that arise between the lateral ocelli and middle ocellus; middle ocellus below upper level of eyes (Fig. 1). Very wide inter-ocular space (wider than compound eye length). Clypeus with a large depression toward the middle of antertior submargin, with large dense punctures separated by less than their diameter, diminishing toward the inferolateral areas; inferior margin of the clypeus with punctures on its entire width, forming a margin with a width equal to the diameter of a puncture. Lateral ocelli located above tangent of eyes. Mesosoma: Mesoscutal disc unpunctate, area between parapsidal line and disc with some sparse punctation (punctures separated by three or more puncture diameters). Metasoma: T 1 to T 3 with scattered minute punctures. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 to T 4 with minute hairs, T 5 0.49 – 1.02. Male: Pubescence and integument yellowish orange. Hyaline wings, venation reddish-brown. Body length 29.43 mm (28.45 – 30.97; n = 5); length of forewing 23.75 mm (22.71 – 24.79; n = 5); head length 4.98 mm (4.83 – 5.18; n = 5); intertegular distance 8.47 mm (7.83 – 8.95; n = 5); width of T 2 13.74 mm (13.17 – 14.20; n = 5). Head: Labrum with a triangular shaped area without punctures on the middle region; rest of labrum with scattered punctures. Clypeus with very small, scattered punctures on marginal, submarginal, and inferolateral regions; subapical region without punctures (some specimens with some very scattered punctures); clypeus disc and superior region with dense punctures, separated by three or more times their diameter. Lateral ocelli located on the same level as tangent of eyes. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area with dense punctures, separated by one to one and a half times their diameter. Posterior tibia: anterior margin with long light brown pubescence; posterior margin with long and short pubescence; internal surface with more abundant pubescence toward the basal area and short dense pubescence on the distal extreme; internal distal extreme with a notable sharp projection but with apex rounded; anterior margin with a rounded prominence; width of projection two thirds the width of the tibia (Fig. 9). Metasoma: T 1 with dense, long, plumose hairs, T 2 to T 5 with plumose hairs restricted to submarginal area, mixed with simple hairs, T 6 and T 7 with a mixture of dense, long, simple and plumose hairs. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.71 – 1.59, T 3 0.77 – 1.28, T 4 0.79 – 1.42, T 5 0.81 – 1.54. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, acute (Fig. 104); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, strong, very noticeable (Fig. 103); tip of the lateral process ending broad, rhomboid shaped (Fig. 103). Variation. The elevations adjacent to the ocelli present variation in size among specimens collected in a single or different locality on the same date. Throughout its distribution, wings may have bluish iridiscence with violet or only bluish iridescence, with the papillate area with greenish iridescence. These variations have led to the fact that throughout history, different species have been described, which have been placed in synonymy. Metasoma: Some males have dark brown terga, perhaps due preservation issues in collections.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD0CFFA9FF429043FD4EF82D.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 132). Present in Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadalupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (Gonzalez & Gonzalez 2009; Moure 2012; Mawdsley 2018). It has also been reported for Bolivia and Peru by Moure (2012), however according to Hurd (1978) the presence of this species in those countries is seemingly an error, and none of the supporting references giving distributional records in Moure’s compilation are posterior to Hurd’s assertion. Widely distributed in Mexico and Central America, in the ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Dry forests of Balsas, Dry forests of Central America, Pine-oak forests of Central America, Dry forests of the Central Depression of Chiapas, Seasonal humid forests of Costa Rica, Humid isthmus-Atlantic forests, Humid isthmus-Pacific forests, Dry forests of Jalisco, Mesoamerican mangroves of the Gulf and Caribbean, Mangrove of the Mesoamerican Pacific north, Dry forest of Panama, Humid forests of PetenVeracruz, Sierra of the Tuxtlas-Veracruz, Humid forests of the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre of Oaxaca, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre del Sur, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Dry forests of Sinaloa, Mangroves of the South Pacific of Mesoamerica, Dry forests of the South Pacific, Mountainous forests of Talamanca, Pine-oak forests of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Dry forests of Veracruz, and Humid forests of Veracruz. Broad altitudinal distribution, 0 to 2620 m.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD0CFFA9FF429043FD4EF82D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 968 ♀ 56 ♂: COSTA RICA: 1 ♀ (MZUCR). Alajuela: Los Chiles: Caño Negro, 10.89381, - 84.78884; 35 m, 14 - XI- 1992, K. Martínez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Naranjo: San Jerónimo de Naranjo, 10.1, - 84.36; 1036 m, 15 - IV- 1965, J. L. Corrales, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). Cartago: Tapanti National Park, Biological Station, 9.761389, - 83.78472; 1200 m, 31 - X- 2001, R. Brooks, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Guanacaste: Bagaces: Cañas, 14 km S, EJN, 10.30, - 85.09560; 36 m, 8 - III- 1988, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Entrada a Palo Verde, 10.38334, - 85.31668; 15 m, 13 - XI- 2001, A. Soto, 1 ♀, 17 - XI- 2001, F. Umaña, 1 ♀, I. Jiménez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Finca Montezuma, 3 km SE Río Naranjo, 10.66409, - 85.09720; 452 m, 7 - II- 1992, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀; - IV- 1992, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Hacienda Palo Verde, 2 km E, 10.34990, - 85.33169; 42 m, I- 1974, K. H. Keeler, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Palo Verde, 10.38333, - 85.31667; 10 m, - III- 1988, A. Bernecker, 1 ♀; R. Lucking, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). Palo Verde National Park, 10.31460, - 85.25320, 6 m, 17 - II- 1991, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Parque Nacional Palo Verde, Estación Palo Verde, 10.34912, - 85.35235; 5 m, 1 - X- 1990, U. Chavarria, 2 ♀ 1 ♂; 1 - XI- 1990, D. Acevedo, 1 ♂; 1 - I- 1991, D. Acevedo, 4 ♀; 10 - I- 1991, J. Corrales, 1 ♀; 1 - III- 1991, D. Acevedo, 1 ♀; 1 - IV- 1991, D. Acevedo, 1 ♀; 1 - VI- 1991, D. Acevedo, 1 ♀; 25 - III- 1992, A. Gutiérrez, 3 ♀; M. Ortíz, 2 ♀; 1 - IX- 1993, U. Chavarria, 1 ♂; 5 - V- 1999, I. Jiménez, 1 ♀; 6 - IX- 1999, I. Jiménez, 1 ♀; J. Weng, 1 ♀; 17 - XI- 2004, Y. Cárdenas, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Parque Nacional Palo Verde, Sector Palo Verde, 10.36667, - 85.38326; 107 m, 2 - XI- 1999, I. Jiménez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). R. Naranjo, 3 km SE, 10.66409, - 85.09720; 451 m, 25 - I- 1992, F. D. Parker, 1 ♂ (BBSL). La Cruz: Estación Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, 10.9926, - 85.42947; 673 m, 1 - IX- 1989, C. Moraga, 1 ♀ (MNCR). La Garita, Est. Los Almendros, 11.03385, - 85.52479; 300 m, 28 - III- 1992, M. Reyes, 3 ♀; G. Gallardo, 2 ♀; 23 - X- 1992, E. López, 1 ♀ 1 ♂ (MNCR). Mirador casa 1, 11.03846, - 85.72889; 81, 9 - IX- 2007, M. Zumbado, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Casa Oeste, Cerro El Hacha, 12 km SE La Cruz, 11.00568, - 85.56495; 300 m, 1 - I- 1988, M. Espinoza, 8 ♀ (MNCR). Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Cerro el Hacha, 10.89985, - 85.57733; 400 m, 11 - I- 1988, A. Solís, 3 ♀; 4 - II- 1988, A. Solís, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Biológica Maritza, 10.96254, - 85.49524; 600 m, 1 - V- 1989, 1 ♀; 1 - V- 1990, R. Blanco, 1 ♀; 1 - II- 1992, F. Araya, 1 ♀; 27 - II- 1992, A. Gutiérrez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Santa Elena, Cerro El Hacha, 12 km SE de La Cruz, 10.98316, - 85.54106; 300 m, 1 - I- 1988, A. Solis, 6 ♀; 1 - IX- 1991, E. López, 1 ♀; 1 - XI- 1991, E. López, 2 ♂ (MNCR). Santa Elena, Finca Jenny, 10.86550, - 85.57353; 200 m, 1 - IX- 1988, 2 ♀; 1 - X- 1988, 7 ♀; 1 - XI- 1988, 14 ♀ 3 ♂; 1 - XII- 1988, 5 ♀; 1 - III- 1989, 1 ♀ 1 ♂; 16 - X- 1991, E. Araya, 1 ♀; 1 - 1 - 1992, E. Araya, 1 ♀; 19 - I- 1993, E. Araya, 1 ♀; 5 - VIII- 1993, E. Araya, 1 ♀; 5 - IX- 1993, E. Araya, 3 ♀; 10 - X- 1993, E. Araya, 3 ♀ (MNCR). Santa Elena, P. N. Santa Rosa, Estación Murciélago, 8 km SW de Cuajiniquil, 10.90193, - 85.73101; 100 m, 1 - II- 1989, 1 ♀; 10 - X- 1993, C. Cano, 1 ♀; F. Quesada, 1 ♀; 3 - XII- 1993, C. Cano, 1 ♀; 7 - IV- 1994, C. Cano, 1 ♀; 4 - VIII- 1994, F. Quesada, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Santa Rosa, Parque Nacional, 10.81666, - 85.61666; 279 m, 11 - II- 1979, C. Starr, 1 ♀; 11 - III- 1986, W. Wcislo, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Liberia: 16.4 km NE de Liberia, 10.72750, - 85.39361; 360 m, 22 - XI- 2001, R. Brooks, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Curubandé, 10.71666, - 85.38333; 360 m, 22 - XI- 2001, C. Godoy, 1 ♀; J. Weng, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Liberia, 10.63564, - 85.44495; 139 m, 1 - IX- 1964, Robert & Roberts, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Nacascolo, Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Estación Santa Rosa, 10.83641, - 85.61549; 300 m, 1 - I- 1989, 5 ♀; 1 - I- 1991, 2 ♀; 1 - XI- 1991, O. Espinoza, 1 ♀; 1 - II- 1992, O. Espinoza, 3 ♀; D. Brenes, 1 ♀; G. Pereira, 1 ♀ 1 ♂; 1 - VII- 1992, G. Pereira, 1 ♂ (MNCR). Sector Las Pailas, 4.5 km SW del Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, 10.77678, - 85.35191, 800 m, 22 - XI- 1992, G. Rodríguez, 1 ♀, 6 - I- 1993, J. Sihezar, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Nicoya: San Antonio, 3 km NO de Nacaome, Parque Nacional Barra Honda, 10.16821, - 85.37365; 100 m, M. Reyes: 13 - X- 1992, 1 ♂; 13 - XI- 1992, 2 ♀; 1 - XII- 1992, 2 ♀; 1 - I- 1993, 1 ♀; 1 - XI- 1994, 1 ♂ (MNCR). Tilarán: Santa Rosa Biological Station, 10.83641, - 85.61549; 300 m, 10 - III- 1986, W. Wcislo, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Heredia: Belén: La Ribera: San Antonio, 9.98905, - 84.18284; 950 m, 1 - VIII- 1991, M. A. Zumbado, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Santo Domingo: Santo Domingo, 9.9992, - 84.06239; 1243 m, 12 - V- 2017, I. Aguilar, 1 ♀ (CINAT). Hotel Bougainvillea, 9.974999, - 84.07666; 1135 m, 14 - V- 1999, D. Brzoska, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Santa Rosa, 9.973625, - 84.09439; 1100 m, 9 - IX- 2002, M. Solís, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Limón: Talamanca: Amubri, cacao farm, 19 - I- 1979, C. Starr, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Puntarenas: Garabito: Reserva Biológica Carara, Estación Quebrada Bonita, 9.77423, - 84.60812; 27 m, 1 - III- 1995, R. Guzmán, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Isla San Lucas: Puesto Isla San Lucas, 9.94652, - 84.90556; 0 m, 7 - III- 2005, J. Azofeita, 3 ♀; 14 - IX- 2005, J. Azofeita, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Monteverde: 10.3069, - 84.8097; 1430 m, 23 - III- 2018, 1 ♀ (CINAT). Paquera: Isla Pan de Azúcar, 9.926427, - 84.9041; 0 m, 29 - XI- 2005, J. Azofeita, 1 ♀ (MNCR). San José: Acosta: San Ignacio de Acosta, 4 km E, 9.79145, - 84.19698; 1220 m, 8 - VII- 1963, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Aserrí: Aserrí Jocotal, 9.77687, - 84.13753; 850 m, - V- 2006, J. Mora, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). Escazú: 9.91670, - 84.13330; 1100 m, F. D. Parker: 4 - III- 1988, 1 ♀; 22 - IV- 1989, 1 ♀ (BBSL). San Antonio de Escazú, 9.65444, - 84.15444; 1350 m, 26 - II- 1985, W. Wcislo, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Montes de Oca: Lourdes, 9.93206, - 84.04119; 1230 m, 14 - IV- 1975, R. Ochoa, 1 ♂ (MZUCR). San José, Sabanilla, 9.94515, - 84.03109; 1282 m, - IV- 2014, S. Alvarado, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). Mora: Ciudad Colón, 10.30, - 84.416700; 800 m, - XII- 1989, L. Fourniev, P. Hanson, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Z. P. El Rodeo, Upaz, Mora, 9.90933, - 84.27888; 984 m, 22 - II- 2018, M. Fernández, Gliricidia sepium, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). Puriscal: Mercedes Sur, Fila Altos de Carara, 9.77522, - 84.47642; 1116 m, 6 - II- 1993, J. C. Saborio, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Santiago de Puriscal, 9.88595, - 84.34916, 700 m, - II- 2016, M. Fernández, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). San José: 9.91189, - 84.07362; 1140 m, 24 - VIII- 1962, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San José, 9.93835, - 84.0898; 1137 m, - II- 1988, A. Bernecker, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). Santa Ana: 9.9336, - 84.1841; 902 m, 27 - III- 2012, A. Chassoul, 1 ♀ (CINAT). EL SALVADOR: La Libertad: Quetzaltepeque: 13.82634, - 89.27047; 450 m, 13 - VII- 1969, J. R. Quezada, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Quezaltepeque, 3 mi S, 13.78198, - 89.27908; 861 m, 19 - VII- 1961, M. Irwin, 1 ♂ (SEMC). Quezaltepeque, 3 mi W, 13.83498, - 89.31937; 496 m, 1 - VIII- 1961, M. E. Irwin, 1 ♂ (BBSL). GUATE- MALA: Huehuetenango: Jacaltenango: Rancho Viejo, 15.62299, - 91.78; 949 m, 7 - V- 2010, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). La Democracia: Cajuil, 15.63746, - 91.78722, 1026 m, 8 - V- 2010, 1 ♀, 18 - XI- 2010, M. Hurtado, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Chaparral, 15.67407, - 91.95515; 1007 m, J. Mérida: 20 - II- 2010, 1 ♀; 28 - IV- 2010, 1 ♀; 8 - V- 2010, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Nojoya, 15.66123, - 91.82008; 1000 m, 29 - IV- 2010, P. Sagot, 9: 30 h, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Pinalito, 15.6653, - 91.8618; 963 m, 2 - III- 2010, C. Balboa, 10: 50 h, 1 ♀; 17 - XI- 2010, O. Argüello, 1 ♀; 17 - 11 - 2010, M. Hurtado, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). La Libertad: Camojaito, 15.61604, - 91.87273; 940, 1 - III- 2010, D. Sánchez, 9: 55 h, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Antonio Huista: Miralvalle, 15.66789, - 91.95520; 1127 m, 8 - V- 2010, 2 ♂ (ECOAB). Chejbal, 15.68596, - 91.78158, 1085 m, 23 - II- 2010, C. Balboa, 13: 00 h, 1 ♂; M. Cigarroa, 12: 00 h, 1 ♂. MEXICO: 5 ♀ 1 ♂ (CNIN), 3 - VIII- 1937, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 ♂ (CNIN), 5 - VII- 1949, J. Julia, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Chiapas: 2 ♀ 2 ♂ (ECOAB). Acacoyagua: 10 de Abril 15.44472, - 92.69966; 596 m, 3 - IX- 2004, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Las Golondrinas, 15.43271, - 92.65260; 862 m, 8 - XII- 2006, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; 18 - XII- 2006, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; 20 - V- 2007, R. Vandame, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Nueva Reforma, 15.435, - 92.7509; 508 m, 4 - IX- 2004, M. Rincón, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Rosario Zacatonales, 15.43365, - 92.65051; 915 m, 31 - V- 2005, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 4 - VIII- 2005, M. Guzmán, 2 ♀; 10 - XI- 2006, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; 24 - IV- 2007, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; 10 - V- 2007, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ángel Albino Corzo: Jerusalén, 15.77486, - 92.64197; 885 m, 3 - XI- 2017, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Querétaro, 15.8344, - 92.76275; 678 m, 2 - III- 2016, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Arriaga: Carretera Tuxtla-Arriaga, 16.32649, - 93.87328; 426 m, 10: 45 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ejido Adolfo López Mateos, 16.32131, - 93.98319; 368 m, 20 - I- 2009, M. Guzmán, 7 ♀; 23 - I- 2009, C. Balboa, 3 ♀; 10 - III- 2009, C. Balboa, 3 ♀; 10 - III- 2009, M. Guzmán, 2 ♀; 13 - III- 2009, J. Florez, 1 ♀; 17 - XI- 2009, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; 20 - XI- 2009, C. Balboa, 4 ♀ 2 ♂ (ECOAB). Paraje Poza Verde, 16.34207, - 93.9544; 466 m, 24 - I- 2009, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 18 - XI- 2009, C. Balboa, 4 ♀ (ECOAB). Cacahoatán: 4 km al norte carr. a Unión Juárez, 15.035095, - 92.151412, - 730 m, 6 - III- 2020, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Chiapa de Corzo: Autopista a Chiapa de Corzo, 16.748, - 92.974; 575 m, 28 - XII- 2011, 11: 30 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Autopista a San Cristóbal de Las Casas, 16.73596, - 92.95005; 730 m, 11: 30 h, P. Sagot 2 ♂ (ECOAB). Carretera 28, Sur de la Providencia, 16.46988, - 92.95717; 500 m, 9: 15 h, P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Cintalapa: Cintalapa, 16.68596, - 93.72855; 582 m, - XI- 1948, 3 ♀ (CNIN). Comitán de Domínguez: Francisco Sarabia, 16.17231, - 92.11812; 1572 m, 4 - XII- 2019, P. Sagot, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). Frontera Comalapa: Rodulfo Figueroa, 15.851745, - 92.069833; 595 m, 31 - III- 2016, 8: 20 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀. Huehuetán: 15.01789, - 92.3939; 86 m, 14 - V- 1987, J. Mendoza, 1 ♀; L. Mendoza, 2 ♀; 14 - IX- 1987, J. Mendoza, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ixtapa: Multajo, 2 km E, Carr 190, 16.71654, - 92.85908; 1502 m, 15: 00 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀. La Concordia: Carretera 157, 7 km sur de Benito Juárez, 15.97922. - 92.81434; 581 m, 2 - III- 2016, 13: 20 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carretera 157, El Espinal, 15.94570, - 92.77746; 613 m, 2 - III- 2016, 12: 44 h, P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Carretera 157, Norte del Embarcadero, 16.03700, - 92.55436, 587 m, 1 - IV- 2016, 8: 35 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carretera 157, Oeste Niños Héroes, 16.116839, - 92.653494; 616 m, 11: 40 h, 1 - IV- 2016, P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). La Tigrilla, 15.97605, - 92.81658; 586 m, 4 - III- 2020, E. Gómez, 10: 35 h, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Niños Héroes, 16.11359, - 92.62986; 606 m, 7: 50 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). La Trinitaria: San Francisco de Asís, 16.0118, - 92.0267; 767 m, 16 - XI- 2011, 7: 40, J. Mérida, 2 ♀; P. Sagot 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Mapastepec: Camino a Santa Rosa, 15.4696, - 92.7784; 233 m, 26 - XI- 2004, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 24 - II- 2005, M. Rincón, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). La Palma, 15.53032, - 92.80199; 498 m, 17 - V- 2007, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; M. Guzmán: 18 - III- 2005, 4 ♀; 19 - III- 2005, 2 ♀; 22 - VI- 2005, 1 ♀; 23 - VI- 2005, 1 ♀; C. Balboa: 6 - XII- 2005, 3 ♀; 17 - V- 2007, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Los Olivos, 15.52120, - 92.80114; 316 m, J. Esponda: 5 - 5 - 2005, 1 ♀; 2 - III- 2006, 1 ♀; 29 - IX- 2006, M. Cigarroa, 3 ♀; 1 - X- 2006, J. Mérida, 1 ♀; 10 - X- 2006, J. Mérida, 4 ♀; C. Balboa: 10 - X- 2006, 1 ♀; 18 - X- 2006 ,, 2 ♀; 19 - X- 2006, 1 ♀; 23 - X- 2006, M. Cigarroa, 3 ♀; 28 - X- 2006, J. Mérida, 6 ♀; 8 - XI- 2006, M. Guzmán, 4 ♀; 22 - XI- 2006, J. Esponda, 1 ♀; 27 - XI- 2006, C. Balboa, 2 ♀; 18 - IV- 2007, M. Guzmán, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Los Olivos-orilla del río, 15.5219, - 92.79967; 325 m, M. Guzmán: 23 - 10 - 2004, 1 ♀; 28 - X- 2004, 1 ♀; 8 - XI- 2004, 1 ♀; 20 - XI- 2004, J. Esponda, 3 ♀; M. Guzmán: 28 - XI- 2004, 11 ♀; 2 - II- 2005, 6 ♀; 2 - III- 2005, 1 ♀; 26 - V- 2005, 1 ♀; 28 - V- 2005, 1 ♀; 1 - VI- 2005, 3 ♀; 27 - VI- 2005, J. Esponda, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Mazatán: Mazatán, 14.85849, - 92.45159; 22 m, 25 - V- 1989, G. López, 1 ♀; 20 - VII- 1989, A. Aquino, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Motozintla: Belisario Domínguez, 15.3041, - 92.3811; 791 m, 25 - V- 1998, D. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Finca Belen, 15.21944, - 92.34916; 1337 m, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Salanueva, 15.31660, - 92.34023; 1000 m, 3 - II- 2019, 11: 20 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ocozocoautla: 8.1 km N Nuevo México S de Ocozocoautla, 16.69761, - 93.41156; 773 m, 11 - IV- 1993, C. Mendoza, Lonchocarpus sp, 1 ♀ (EBCH). 11.7 km S Ocozocoautla, 16.6688, 93.41589; 750 m, 11 - IV- 1993, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). 15 km N Nuevo México S de Ocozocoautla, 16.59037, - 93.43355, 777 m, 11 - IV- 1993, E. Tovar, Piscidia piscipula, 1 ♀; R. Ayala, Piscidia piscipula, 2 ♀ (EBCH). Pijijiapan: Carr. 200, 15.71307, - 93.23767; 78 m, 14: 00 h, P. Sagot 1 ♀; I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carr. 200, 15.70490, - 93.22095; 58 m, 9 - III- 2020, E. Gómez, 2 ♀; P. Sagot, 7: 40 h, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). Joachim Amaro, 15.77766, - 93.40933; 51 m, 1 - II- 2019, 9: 30 h, G. Mera, 1 ♀; I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Solo Dios, 15.66695, - 93.42535; 9 m, 11: 25 h, P. Sagot 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Socoltenango: 16.22243, - 92.35469; 741 m, 15 - I- 2017, 7: 30 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tapachula: 36.7 km N Tapachula, 15.103, - 92.3097; 440 m, 17 - IV- 1993, E. Tovar, Crotalaria acapulcensis, 5 ♀ (EBCH). Joaquín Miguel Gutiérrez, 14.74328, - 92.31274; 28 m, 8 - VIII- 2014, J. Ruíz et al, 2 ♀; 9 - I- 2015, J. Ruíz et al. 4 ♀ (ECOAB). Joaquín Miguel Gutiérrez, 14.75482, - 92.29233; 33 m, 7 - VIII- 2014, M. Guzmán et al, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Joaquín Miguel Gutiérrez, 14.76733, - 92.29931; 38 m, 7 - VIII- 2014, M. Guzmán et al, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Rancho Santa Teresita, 14.9048, - 92.3144; 102 m, 10 - VIII- 1987, L. Mendoza, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tapachula, 14.88669, - 92.28660; 127 m, 14 - IX- 1988, A. Aquino, 1 ♀; 19 - VI- 2005, A. Niño, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tonala: Ejido Nueva Costa Rica, 16.1352, - 93.6824; 408 m, 19 - I- 2009, C. Balboa, 11 ♀; 22 - I- 2009, C. Balboa, 3 ♀; M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 1 ♀; 9 - III- 2009, M. Guzmán, 4 ♀; 9 - III- 2009, C. Balboa, 4 ♀; J. Mérida, 1 ♀; 12 - III- 2009, C. Balboa, 2 ♀; 21 - V- 2009, C. Balboa, 2 ♀; M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 17 - IX- 2009, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 16 - XI- 2009, C. Balboa, 4 ♀ 2 ♂; 19 - XI- 2009, M. Guzmán, 4 ♀ (ECOAB). Puerto Arista, 15.94282, - 93.82458; 6 m. 31 - I- 2019, 10: 45 h, G. Mera, 2 ♀; P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Tuxtla Chico: 1 a Sección de Medio Monte, 14.89049, - 92.2094; 180 m, 8 - X- 2015, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Casa Jorge Mérida, 14.98054, - 92.17292; 15 - III- 2008, 453 m, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Rosario Izapa, 14.9733, - 92.1546; 445 m, 24 - VII- 1987, R. Santos, 2 ♀; 25 - VII- 1987, R. Santos, 1 ♀; 8 - X- 1987, L. Godínez, 2 ♀; L. Mendoza, 2 ♀; R. Santos, 1 ♀; 13 - V- 2005, C. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tuzantán: Carr. Huixtla-Motozintla, 15.1628, - 92.4329; 110 m, 3 - 2 - 2019, 8: 45 h, P. Sagot, 5 ♀; I. Pérez, 3 ♀ 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Unión Juárez: Talquián Viejo, 15.0881, - 92.0916; 1748 m, 4 - VI- 2005, H. Colin 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Juárez, 15.0618, - 92.08; 1310 m, 29 - XII- 19896, F. Pérez, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Venustiano Carranza: Carretera Pujiltic-Venustiano Carranza, 16.30446, - 92.53471; 637 m, 14: 00 h, 2 - I- 2017, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carretera V. Carranza-Acala, 16.401466, - 92.730145; 532 m, 21 - XII- 2015, 12: 40 h, P. Sagot. 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Venustiano Carranza, 16.3166, - 92.5666; 621 m, 21 - IV- 1993, C. Mendoza, 1 ♀; E. Tovar, 1 ♀; J. L. Neff, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Villa Corzo: Carretera a Ejido Sierra Morena, 16.16865, - 93.50988; 796 m, 24 - XII- 2016, P. Sagot, 1 ♀; R. Vandame, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). El Parral, camino Oeste a Villaflores, 16.36631, - 93.06750; 981 m, 20 - X- 2017, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Villa Corzo, El Parral, carr. 157, 16.36959, - 92.97258; 643 m, 4 - I- 2016, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Pedro Buena Vista, Belisario Domínguez, 16.0572, - 93.1137; 823 m, 4 - I- 2016, 9: 40 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Villafores: 5 km W Domingo Chanona, 16.3167, - 93.3332; 670 m, 11 - IV- 1993, F. A. Noguera, Wisteria sinensis, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Carretera 230, 16.41139, - 93.68287; 644 m, 30 - I- 2019, 12: 20 h, G. Mera, 2 ♀; P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carretera 230, 16.34958, - 93.42621; 716 m, 30 - I- 2019, 9: 15 h, P. Sagot, 3 ♀; I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carretera 230, 16.35493, - 93.52333; 693 m, 30 - I- 2019, 10: 35 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Clemente, 16.4182, - 93.71358; 608 m, 30 - 1 - 2019, 12: 50 h, I. Pérez, 4 ♀ (ECOAB). Colima: - VIII- 1916, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Armería: Highway 200 - Armeria R., 18.93103, - 103.96384; 20 m, 22 - II- 1992, D. Brzoska, 5 ♀ (SEMC). Colima, 19.23879, - 103.75923; 457 m, 9 - II- 1954, R. Dreisbach, 1 ♀, 9 - XI- 1954, R. Dreisbach, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Comala: Glory Desert, 19.34572, - 103.79819; 594 m, 15 - II- 2012, 10: 00 h, E. Esquivel, 1 ♂; J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Hacienda San Antonio, 19.45192, - 103.71394; 1190 m, 26 - X- 2015, R. Ayala, 2 ♀ (EBCH). Manzanillo: Playa de Oro, 19.11991, - 104.36848; 6 m, 7 - I- 1986, D. Zehr, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tecomán: Pascuales Malecón, 18.8494, - 103.9536; 16 m, 3 - X- 2010, R. Ayala, 2 ♀ (EBCH). Guerrero: L. Ancona, 2 ♀ (CNIN). Acapulco: 16.87111, - 99.89777; 87 m, 6 - VIII- 1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 5 ♀ (SEMC). Atoyac de Álvarez: El Faisanal, 17.43333, - 100.20000; 1200 m, 3 - VIII- 1983, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (MZFC). El Rincón de las Parotas, 17.24516, - 100.39135; 429 m, 8 - VII- 1985, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; G. Rodríguez, 1 ♀; 10 - IX- 1985, I. Hinojosa, 3 ♀; O. Morales, 3 ♀; 2 - XI- 1985, A. Morales, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Puente de los Lugardo, 17.33833, - 100.25500; 925 m, 30 - III- 1984, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 30 - III- 1984, R. Ayala, 7 ♀ 2 ♂ (MZFC), 1 - XI- 1985, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Puente del Rey 9 km al sur de El Paraíso, 17.34907, - 100.26303; 872 m, 10 - IX- 1985, V. Velarde, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Río Santiago, 17.25333, - 100.31833; 698 m, 2 - V- 1985, O. Morales, 1 ♀; 3 - V- 1985, O. Morales, 1 ♀; M. A. Luis, 1 ♂; 5 - VII- 1985, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; 8 - VII- 1985, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; M. A. Luis, 1 ♀; 9 - VII- 1985, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; M. A. Luis, 1 ♀, 5 - VIII- 1985, M. A. Luis, 1 ♀; 9 - IX- 1985, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; O. Morales, ♀; 9 - XI- 1985, G. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Azoyu: Carr. Cuanacaxtitlan a Azoyu, 16.77561, - 98.59564; 318 m, 29 - XII- 2019, E. Caballero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carr. Cuanacaxtitlan a Azoyu, 16.75822, - 98.60384; 340 m, 29 - XII- 2019, E. Caballero, 2 ♀, E. Gómez, 1 ♀ (ECO- AB). Chilpancingo de los Bravo: Chilpancingo, 2 mi E; 17.48477, - 99.44462; 1243 m, 7 - VIII- 1962, R. Roberts, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Copala: Carr. entre Car. 200 y Playa Ventura, 16.59204, - 98.92507; 15 m, 25 - XII- 2019, E. Caballero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Malinaltepec: Cocoyul, 17.02440, - 98.77848; 1090 m, 26 - XII- 2019, E. Caballero, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ometepec: Huajintepec, 16.61298, - 98.24503; 343 m, 24 - XII- 2019, E. Gómez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Pilcaya: Grutas, 2 km SE, hwy 55, 18.67007, - 99.51193; 1163 m, 6 - I- 1989, R. Minckley, B. Danforth, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Pilcaya, Taxco, 23 mi N, 18.71100, - 99.67296; 1341 m, 8 - VIII- 1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 2 ♀ (SEMC). San Luis Acatlán: Yoloxóchitl, 16.81583, - 98.69027; 600 m, 1 - I- 2012, Amith & García, 1 ♀; 8 - XI- 2012, Amith & Bautista, 1 ♂ (SEMC). Yoloxóchitl, 16.80523, - 98.66190; 661 m, 29 - XII- 2019, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Marcos: Acapulco, 21 mi E, 16.77559, - 99.53882; 92 m, 3 - VIII- 1963, M. Naumann, 6 ♀ (SEMC). Taxco de Alarcón: Taxco, 20 mi S, 18.43419, - 99.55960; 1051 m, 6 - II- 1954, R. Dreisbach, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Taxco, 4 mi S, 18.49939, - 99.59972; 1326 m, 3 - VIII- 1951, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ (SEMC). Técpan de Galeana: La Ola, 17.65103, - 100.87428; 1859 m, 20 - XI- 2012, 8: 45 h, E. Esquivel, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Rodesia, 17.20696, - 100.69623; 24 m, 18 - VII- 1971, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Técpan, 17.22670, - 100.62684; 37 m, 18 - 7 - 1971, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Jalisco: Cabo Corrientes: El Tuito, 20.31970, - 105.3265; 604 m, F. D. Parker, T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ (BBSL). El Tuito, 20.32405, - 105.31912; 630 m, 22 - X- 1977, C. Beutelspacher, 1 ♀ (CNIN). El Tuito, 20.30275, - 105.34759; 692 m, 5 - IX- 2018, 12: 30 h, J. Mérida, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Punta Tehualmixtle, 20.23896, - 105.57492; 35 m, 24 - XI- 1991, J. Villa, E. Ramírez, 2 ♀ (EBCH). Cihuatlán: Barra de Navidad, 19.21594, - 104.68423; 14 m, 10 - IV- 1986, RAyala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Hostotipaquillo: Plan de Barrancas, 3 km SE, 21.05300, - 104.19600; 766 m, 8 - VII- 1963, F. D. Parker, L. A. Stange, 1 ♀ (BBSL). La Huerta: Chamela, 19.53000, - 105.08166; 5 m, 5 - VII- 1984, R. Ayala, 3 ♀ (MZFC), 26 - IX- 1985, F. D. Parker, T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ 1 ♂ (BBSL). Estación de Biología Chamela, 19.49948, - 105.04242; 70 m, 25 - V- 1980, S. H. Bullock, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 21 - 23 - VII- 1980, A. Pescador, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 26 - VII- 1980, A. Pescador, 1 ♀ (CNIN), S. H. Bullock: 1 - VIII- 1981, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 4 - VIII- 1981, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 11 - IX- 1981, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 30 - IX- 1981, A. Pescador, 1 ♀ (CNIN), S. H. Bullock: 19 - IX - 1982, 1 ♂ (EBCH), 19 - IX- 1982, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 9 - XI- 1982, 1 ♂ (SEMC), 13 - I- 1983, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 30 - I- 1983, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 20 - II- 1984, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 19 - V- 1984, 1 ♀ (EBCH), R. Ayala: 22 - III- 1985, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 16 - V- 1985, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 1 - VII- 1985, F. D. Parker, T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 17 - VII- 1985, R. Ayala, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 25 - IX- 1985, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 26 - IX- 1985, Radclife B. Roberts, 1 ♀; F. D. Parker, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ 1 ♂ (EBCH), 13 - X- 1985, M. Sánchez, 1 ♂ (EBCH), 28 - I- 1986, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 29 - VI- 1986, R. A. Usela, 1 ♀ (EBCH), R. Ayala: 5 - VII- 1986, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 5 - IX- 1987, 1 ♂ (EBCH), 4 - XI- 1987, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (BBSL), 21 - V- 1988, E. Ordway, Solanum ochraxceun-ferrugineum, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 9 - VI- 1988, R. Minckley, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 2 - IX- 1988, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 12 - VII- 1989, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 14 - X- 1990, G. Ortega, C. Mayorga, J. Martínez, S. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (CNIN), - I- 1991, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 19 - VIII- 1995, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 5 - 12 - VII- 2013, S. Zaragoza, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 1 - 7 - I- 2014, S. Zaragoza, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 7 - IX- 2018, S. Kilpatrick, 2 ♀; 15 - VI- 2019, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Playa Careyes, Chamela, 19.44282, - 105.02328; 16 m, C. D. Michener: 30 - IX- 1985, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 30 - IX- 1985, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Playa Careyitos, 19.43766, - 105.02605; 2 m, 10 - IX- 1985, R. Ayala, 2 ♀; 27 - IX- 1985, R. B. Roberts, 7 ♀ (EBCH). Río Cuixmala, 19.41055, - 104.95638; 46 m, 27 - II- 1991, E. Ramírez, 2 ♀ (EBCH). Mixtlán: Guadalajara, 65 mi W, 20.47589, - 104.37009; 1685 m, 3 - IX- 1971, 1 ♂ (BBSL). Pihuamo: Pihuamo, 19.25376, - 103.36904; 665 m, 9 - II- 1954, R. Dreisbach, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tequila: Tequila, 3 mi NW, 20.91882, - 103.86330; 1206 m, 19 - VII- 1953, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ (SEMC). Volcán de Tequila, 20.82757, - 103.85104; 1800 m, 12 - IV- 1995, H. Fierros, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Volcán de Tequila, 20.86341, - 103.84396; 1300, 15 - VII- 1995, 1 ♀; 7 - XI- 1995, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tomatlán: Carr. Barra de Navidad-Pto Vallarta (La Virgencita), 19.84972, - 105.31777; 26 m, 18 - IX- 1985, R. A. Usela, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Mexico: Camino a Ixtapantogo, San Nicolás, 12 - I- 1952, 3 ♀ (CNIN). Ixtapan de la Sal: San Pedro Tlacochaca, 18.85753, - 99.64716; 1800 m, 10 - XI- 2015, 8: 30, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ixtapan de La Sal, 18.84375, - 99.67552; 1900 m, 30 - X- 1991, R. Ayala, Salvia sp, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Michoaacán: Ario: El Cangrejo, 20 km N La Huacana, 19.04166, - 101.81138; 1090 m, 30 - X- 1987, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Arteaga: Carr. Arteaga 2 km, 18.34803, - 102.29194; 830 m, 18 - VII- 1989, V. R. Castrejón, 1 ♀ (EBCH). El Zorrillo, 18.28172, - 102.271311; 758 m, 13 - X- 1994, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Buenavista, 10 km W Apatzingán, La Huina, 19.10813, - 102.52083; 256 m, 17 - VII- 1989, V. R. Castrejón, Chilopsis linearis, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Coahuayana: Palos Marías, 18.81154, - 103.54045; 240 m, 29 - V- 1988, L. Cervantes, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Gabriel Zamora: 20 km S Uruapán, 19.25057, - 102.05532; 944 m, 7 - II- 1990, S. H. Bullock, 1 ♀ (EBCH). La Huacana: 5.8 km N de la Huacana, 19.00811, - 101.82282; 766 m, 18 - VII- 1989, Brooks & Roig-Alsina, 1 ♀ (SEMC). 17 km N La Huacana, 19.03256, - 101.81486; 1010 m, 4 - XI- 1992, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Zicuirán, 18.87756, - 101.96943; 200 m, 8 - VII- 1988, G. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Lázaro Cárdenas: Chuquiapan, Playa Azul, 32 km W, 18.04952, - 102.60812; 6 m, L. Godínez: 3 - XI- 1987, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 3 - XI- 1987, 3 ♀ (SEMC). Los Amates, Playa Azul, 26 km N, 18.14611, - 102.27833; 250 m, L. Godínez: 2 - XI- 1987, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 2 - XI- 1987, 3 ♀ (SEMC). Puente Mexcalhuacan, 41 km W Playa Azul, 18.05709, - 102.6576: 4 m, 3 - XI- 1987, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Múgica: 36.7 km NE de Arteaga, 19.00476, - 102.10223; 384 m, 16 - VII- 1989, Brooks & Roig-Alsina, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tzitzio: Guayabo de Derrumbadero, 19.29889, - 100.91917; 986 m, A. Reyes, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tzitzio, 2 mi S, 19.56476, - 100.92203; 1383 m, 29 - VII- 1962, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ (SEMC). Uruapan: El Sabino, 19.29139, - 101.97110; 929 m, 20 - VII- 1936, H. Thomas, 1 ♀ (SEMC). La Tzararacua, 19.35413, - 102.07173; 1533 m, 26 - V- 1988, V. Hernández, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Morelos: Acteopan: km 48 carr. Atotonilco-Atlixco, 10 - IX- 2009, H. Brailovsky, E. Barrera, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Cuernavaca: 18.93402, - 99.23148; 1568 m, - VII- 1951, G. Pérez, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Cuernavaca, 18.93481, - 99.23082; 1561 m, 17 - III- 1959, H. E. Evans, D. M. Anderson, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Huitzilac: Derrame del Chichinautzin, km 80.7, 19.02861, - 99.19278, 2620 m, 11 - XI- 1985, O. Yañez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Derrame del Chichinautzin, km 85.6, 19.02333, - 99.15111; 2470 m, 6 - IV- 1997, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Jojutla: Cerro del Higuerón, 18.57333, - 99.18000; 905 m, 5 - VII- 1981, A. Cuauhtémoc, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Tepalcingo: Tepalcingo, 18.59222, - 98.84556; 1170 m, 19 - IX- 1984, J. Avila, 2 ♀ (MZFC). El Limón, 18.53805, - 98.9325; 1287 m, 30 - VIII- 2004, E. Delgado, 1 ♀; 31 - VIII- 2004, D. Reynoso, 7 ♀; O. Yañez, 3 ♀ (MZFC). Tepoztlán: km 12, Autopista México-Cuautla, 18.97333, - 99.08250; 1650 m, 18 - XI- 1995, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; J. L. Salinas, 1 ♀, 17 - III- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; O. Yañez, 1 ♀; 14 - IV- 1996 I. Hinojosa, 3 ♀; O. Yañez, 3 ♀; 5 - V- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 10 ♀; O. Yañez, 2 ♀; 13 - VII- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 2 ♀; I. Hinojosa: 8 - IX- 1996, 1 ♀; 10 - XI- 1996, 4 ♀; O. Yañez, 3 ♀; I. Hinojosa: 30 - XI- 1996, 3 ♀; 25 - I- 1997, 2 ♀; 16 - II- 1997, 1 ♀; O. Yañez: 16 - II- 1997 1 ♀; 2 - III- 1997, 1 ♀; I. Hinojosa: 5 - IV- 1997, 2 ♀; 11 - V- 1997, 3 ♀; 11 - V- 1997, J. L. Salinas, 5 ♀; I. Hinojosa: 8 - VI- 1997, 1 ♀; 5 - VII- 1997, 1 ♀ 1 ♂ (MZFC). Tepoztlán, km 19.5, Autopista México-Cuautla, 18.93806, - 99.03833; 1350 m, 7 - X- 1995, I. Hinojosa, 2 ♀; 5 - XI- 1995, O. Yañez, 1 ♀; 10 - II- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; I. Hinojosa: 24 - II- 1996, 3 ♀; 18 - IV- 1996, 2 ♀; 25 - V- 1996, O. Yañez, 1 ♀; 16 - VI- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 7 ♀; O. Yañez, 6 ♀; 20 - VII- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 2 ♀; 21 - VII- 1996, O. Yañez, 2 ♀; 11 - VIII- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 7 ♀; O. Yañez, 2 ♀ 1 ♂; 1 - IX- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 3 ♀; O. Yañez, 3 ♀; 28 - IX- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; O. Yañez, 1 ♀; 13 - X- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; 16 - IX- 1996, O. Yañez, 2 ♀; 12 - I- 1997, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; O. Yañez, 1 ♀; 9 - II- 1997, I. Hinojosa, 3 ♀; O. Yañez, 2 ♀; 1 - III- 1997, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; 17 - VIII- 1997, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♂; O. Yañez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Tepoztlán, km 20, Autopista México-Cuautla, 18.93556, - 99.03417; 1320 m, 13 - IV- 1997, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Tepoztlán, km 20.5, Autopista México-Cuautla, 18.93472, - 99.02944; 1280 m, 3 - VIII- 1997, I. Hinojosa, 2 ♀ (MZFC). Tepoztlán, km 4.5, Autopista México-Cuautla, 19.00417, - 99.12944; 1940 m, 16 - XII- 1995, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; 27 - I- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; 16 - III- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 3 ♀; O. Yañez, 2 ♀; 13 - IV- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 2 ♀; O. Yañez, 1 ♀; 28 - IV- 1996, O. Yañez, 1 ♀; 23. XI- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; 15 - XII- 1996, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; 26 - I- 1997, I. Hinojosa, 3 ♀; 15 - II- 1997, I. Hinojosa, 5 ♀; O. Yañez, 3 ♀; 9 - III- 1997, I. Hinojosa, 2 ♀ (MZFC). Tepoztlán, km 8 Carr. Tepoztlán-Cuautla, 18.93917, - 99.04500; 1357 m, 23 - VIII- 1981, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Tlaltizapán: Yautepec, 7.3 mi S, 18.80105, - 99.09742; 1011 m, 17 - VIII- 1962, M. Naumann, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tlaquiltenango: Huaxtla, 18.393314, - 99.050249; 1160 m, 20 - IX- 2015, I. Hinojosa, 3 ♀ (CNIN). Sierra de Huautla, CEAMISH, Huatla, 2.5 km N, 4.0 km W, 18.44979, - 99.03335; 1109 m, 7 - IX- 1996, R. Brooks, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Yautepec: km 21, Autopista México-Cuautla, 18.93194, - 99.02583; 1283 m, 15 - III- 1997, I. Hinojosa, Jacaranda mimosifolia, 2 ♀ (MZFC). Oaxtepec, 18.90637, - 98.97026; 1379 m, 22 - V- 1989, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀; F. A. Noguera, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Yautepec, 4 mi. SW, 18.85786, - 99.11771; 1250 m, 2 - VII- 1961, C. D. Michener, 16 ♀ (SEMC). Nayarit: Acaponeta: 22.50202, - 105.35524; 31 m, 29 - IX- 1966, G. E. Bohar, A. S. Bohart, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Río Quimichis, 22.36472, - 105.54583; 7 m, 12 - III- 1981, R. López, 3 ♀ (MZFC). Bahía de Banderas: Punta Mita, 3 km S, 20.76028, - 105.47487; 22 m, 28 - II- 1992, D. Brzoska, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Compostela: Guayabitos 4 km E, 21.02696, - 105.22536; 70 m, 16 - VII- 1989, C. Cordero, 1 ♀ 1 ♂; S. Anaya, 1 ♀ (EBCH). El Nayar: Tepic, 20 mi N, 21.80975, - 104.87740; 344 m, 16 - II- 1974, G. E. Bohart, 1 ♀ (BBSL). San Blas: La Bajada, 21.50499, - 105.15666; 193 m, 13 - X- 1979, J. Llorente, 1 ♀, 8 - XII- 1980, M. T. Ortis, 1 ♀ (MZFC). San Blas, 21.53333, - 105.28333; 2 m, L. A. Navarrete: 30 - III- 1981, 1 ♀; 19 - X- 1982, 1 ♀ (MZFC). San Blas, 21.53333, - 105.28333; 2 m, 11 - III- 1972, F. D. Parker, D. Miller, 1 ♀ (BBSL). San Blas 20 km S, 21.43396, - 105.18722; 10 m, 7 - IV- 1994, D. Yanega, 1 ♀; W. E. LaBerge, 1 ♀ (EBCH). San Blas, 6 mi E, 21.53859, - 105.20945; 60 m, 27 - VIII- 1959, Menke & Stange, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Santa María del Oro, Santa Isabella, 9 mi NW, 21.27489, - 104.6485; 1291 m, 10 - III- 1972, F. D. Parker, D. Miller, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Tecuala: Acaponeta, 16 mi S, 22.28710, - 105.27176; 45 m, 12 - VIII- 1963, M. Naumann, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tepic: La Yerba, 21.53167, - 105.06167; 1067 m, 24 - III- 1982, J. Llorente, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Reserva de Biosfera Sierra de San Juan, 21.51785, - 104.97235; 1080 m, 20 - X- 2013, 13: 00 h, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Sierra San Juan, 11 - X- 1989, A. Cadena, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Tepic, 16 mi NW, 21.68103, - 105.04519; 270 m, 19 - VII- 1953, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 3 ♀ (SEMC). Tepic, 17 mi NW, 21.68103, - 105.04519; 266 m, 23 - XI- 1948, E. S. Ross, 1 ♂ (BBSL). Venustiano Carranza, 21.52000, - 104.98500; 1200 m, 24 - XI- 1980, J. Llorente, 1 ♀; 23 - III- 1982, M. A. Luis, 4 ♀; 24 - III- 1982, M. A. Luis, 8 ♀; 25 - III- 1982, J. Llorente, 3 ♀; M. A. Luis, 1 ♀; 28 - III- 1982, M. A. Luis, 1 ♀; 20 - IV- 1982, A. López, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Xalisco: El Refilón, km 35 Carr. Tepic-Puerto Vallarta, 21.31667, - 104.90000; 902 m, 19 - VIII- 1982, R. López, 4 ♀ (MZFC). Oaxaca: Candelaria Loxicha: Candelaria Loxicha, 15.9205, - 96.5070; 490 m, 20 - XII- 2013, N. Arnold, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carretera a Pochutla, 15.97210, - 96.48030; 1250 m, 3 - V- 2012, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Pluma Hidalgo: Cascada Mayor, 15.92584, - 96.417702, 1341 m, O. Yañez: 19 - IX- 2007, 1 ♀; 20 - IX- 2007, 3 ♀ (MZFC). Pluma Hidalgo-Vereda de la Bomba de agua, 15.92584, - 96.417702; 1349 m, 18 - IX- 2007, O. Yañez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Ranchería San Isidro, 15.940394, - 96.400701; 1296 m, 19 - IX- 2007, O. Yañez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Salina Cruz: 16.18608, - 95.19235; 93 m, 7 - IX- 1965, D. Janzen, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San Dionisio del Mar: 16.33708, - 94.76381; 7 m, 20 - I- 1992, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San Gabriel Mixtepec: 16.11053, - 97.06561; 718 m, 10 - XII- 2014, 9: 00 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Jacinto Tlacotepec: 16.51826, - 97.35996; 1129 m, 13 - XII- 2018, 10: 35 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). San Juan Lajarcia: Carretera 190, 16.52987, - 95.93127; 1110 m, 14 - I- 2016, 14: 50 h, P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). San Miguel Chimalapa: Vista Hermosa, 16.67893, - 94.79296; 140 m, 12 - IV- 2016, 11: 00 h, N. Arnold, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Pedro Comitancillo: 16.45254, - 95.20089; 112 m, 15 - XI- 2018, 9: 20 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Pedro Mixtepec: Puerto Escondido, 15.87646, - 97.10498; 10 m, 2 - IX- 1990, L. Godínez, 3 ♀ (SEMC). Puerto Escondido 10 km NW, 15.92442, - 97.14531; 12 m, 6 - III- 1989, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀; R. Ayala, 3 ♀ (EBCH). San Pedro Pochutla: Puerto Ángel, 15.6643, - 96.4883; 20 m, 9 - III- 1989, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Toltepec, 15.8764, - 96.4445; 380 m, 3 - IX- 1987, R. Barba, 1 ♀ (CNIN). San Pedro Tututepec: Laguna Chacahua, 16.03333, - 97.67444; 5 m, 20 - VIII- 1984, J. J. Pérez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). San Pedro Tututepec, 15.9671, - 97.1921; 246 m, 18 - XII- 2018, 11: 45 h, O. Caballero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Pedro Tututepec, 15.9487, - 97.2825; 64 m, 18 - XII- 2018, 13: 40 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa Lucía Monteverde: Peña Flor de Clavo, 16.90850, - 97.77870; - 976 m, 9 - IX- 2019, E. Caballero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Colotepec: 15.86330, - 97.00450; 24 m, 19 - XII- 2018, 8: 45 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Huatulco: Aeropuerto, 15.75778, - 96.25673; 115 m, 8 - I- 2010, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Tonameca: carretera a Loxicha, 15.8054, - 96.7603; 155 m, 20 - XII- 2018, 9: 25 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Yucuhiti: San José Zaragoza-Miramar, 16.98825, - 97.7924; 1604 m, 5 - XI- 2015, I. Hinojosa, A. C. Martínez, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Santiago Niltepec: Microondas Los Tules, Niltepec, 16.50, - 94.58; 44 m, 23 - XI- 1983, R. Torres, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Santo Domingo de Morelos: 15.8756, - 96.6941; 288 m, 20 - XII- 2018, 11: 25 h, I. Pérez, 2 ♀; O. Caballero, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Santo Domingo Tehuantepec: Tehuantepec, 16.31853, - 95.24061; 44 m, 2 - VII- 1957, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tehuantepec, 12 mi W, 16.29339, - 95.41169; 404 m, 16 - IX- 1974, G. E. Bohart, W. Hanson, 3 ♀ (BBSL). Tehuantepec, 14 mi NW, 16.39868, - 95.40926; 242 m, 26 - VI- 1961, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♂ (SEMC). Tehuantepec, 17 km W, 16.34649, - 95.39159; 176 m, D. Janzen, 3 ♀ (SEMC). Santo Domingo Zanatepec: 16.46121, - 94.23886; 196 m, 20 - XII- 2019, 10: 50 h, E. Gómez, 3 ♀; P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). General Pascual Fuentes, 16.48069, - 94.21259; 590 m, 10 - IV- 2016, 10: 00 h, L. Reyes, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tapanatepec, 8 mi W, 16.45387, - 94.26291; 122 m, 16 - VII- 1951, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ (SEMC). Puebla: Acatlán: 9 mi NW, 18.22280, - 98.12673; 1380 m, 13 - VI- 1953, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ (SEMC). Chinantla: Tehuitzingo, 8 mi SE, 18.25606, - 98.23040; 1202 m, 29 - VI- 1961, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ (SEMC). Huehuetlán el Grande: Bienes comunales, 18.75558, - 98.17335; 1345 m, 2 - IX- 2018, 9: 25, L. Marín, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Casa Esmeralda, 18.74948, - 98.17328; 1346 m, 3 - I- 2018, L. Marín, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Izúcar de Matamoros: 7 km al SE de San Juan Raboso, 18.516, - 98.412; 1483 m, 11 - XI- 2015, 13: 55 h, N. Brasero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carr. Fed. Izúcar de Matamoros-Huajuapan de León, 18.45619, - 98.37350; 1156 m, I. Hinojosa, 4 - IX- 1998, 1 ♀. Xicotepec: La Ceiba, 20.390896, - 97.877357; 239 m, 29 - III- 1956, C. Bolivar, J. Ordoñez, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Sinaloa: Badiraguato: Tameapa, 25.62674, - 107.37219; 1058 m, 17 - X- 2013, 10: 35 h, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Concordia: Copala, 18.5 km E on hwy 40, at Chirimoyos, 23.43750, - 105.81194; 1587 m, 17 - III- 1990, 3 ♀ (SEMC). Mazatlán: 10 mi W Concordia, 23.28402, - 106.22299; 24 m, 30 - X- 1965, G. E. Bohart, A. S. Bohart, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Mazatlán, 23.22670, - 106.40760; 15 m, 25 - VIII- 1976, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Villa Unión, 6 mi N, 23.27230, - 106.21729; 21 m, 9 - IX- 1970, W. J. Hanson, T. L. Whitworth, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Veracruz: Acayucán: 17.94833, - 94.91333; 108 m, 16 - II- 1954, R. Dreisbach, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Actopan: Jose Cardel dunes, 20 km. N, 19.54961, - 96.39262; 8 m, 7 - XI- 1991, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Catemaco: 18.42212, - 95.11384; 364 m, 6 - IX- 1974, W. J. Hanson, G. E. Bohart, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Cotaxtla: Exp. Sta. Cotaxtla, 18.83354, - 96.39402; 67 m, 3 - IX- 1962, D. H. Janzen, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Emiliano Zapata: 41 km SE Xalapa, 19.36085, - 96.57331; 273 m, 7 - IX- 1991, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Medellín de Bravo: Cotaxtla Experimental Station, 18.93274, - 96.19205; 22 m, 5 - VII- 1962, D. Janzen, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Teocelo: Barranca de Cayoapa Tejería, 19.37333, - 96.92667; 993 m, 28 - II- 1981, A. Garces, 1 ♂ (MZFC). Teocelo, 19.3852, - 96.97159; 1160 m, 21 - III- 1989, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; O. López, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Tierra Blanca: km 1.5 a Jícaro, 18.54472, - 96.25000; 49 m, 20 - III- 1989, I. Hinojosa, 2 ♀; O. López, 2 ♀ (MZFC). NICARAGUA: Granada: Reserva Domitila, 11.70833, - 85.95333; 100 m, 8 - VI- 2002, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, S. Chatzimanolis, 1 ♀, 9 - VI- 2002, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, S. Chatzimanolis, 1 ♀; 8. VI- 2011, C. W. Shin, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Reserva Natural Volcán Mombacho, 11.84166, - 85.98055; 1200 m, 2 - VI- 2002, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, S. Chatzimanolis, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San Carlos airstrip, 11.13361, - 84.80416; 100 m, 1 - VI- 2002, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, S. Chatzimanolis, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Rivas: Cárdenas: Miguel Ángel Soto, 11.19744, - 85.66385; 195 m, 1 - II- 2016, M. Calero, 4 ♀, R. Joyce, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). San Juan del Sur: Hacienda la Flor, 11.14192, - 85.78290; 16 m, 17 - II- 2016, M. Calero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Río Ostional, 11.12598, - 85.74980; 22 m, 11 - II- 2016, M. Calero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). PANAMÁ: 1 ♀ (BBSL). Panamá: Canal Zone, Summit, 9.06516, - 79.64544; 90 m, 26 - XI- 1930, H. Schwarz, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Chiriquí: Boquete: 8 km S, 8.69858, - 82.45046; 820 m, 5 - I- 2012, F. D. Parker, T. D. Mcintyre, 4 ♀ 1 ♂; 14 - I- 2012, F. D. Parker, T. D. Mcintyre, 1 ♀; 21 - I- 2012, F. D. Parker, T. D. Mcintyre, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Boquete, 8.76667, - 82.43333; 1061 m, 17 - I- 1981, C. D. Michener, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Gualaca: Jorge Arauz, 4 km N, IRHE Fortuna Station, 8.69999, - 82.23333; 1200 m, 17 - VI- 1993, S. Lingafelter, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Cocle: Penonomé: 8.54535, - 80.35419; 103 m, 30 - XI- 1925, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Panamá: Old Panamá, 9.00805, - 79.48488; 10 m, 15 - III- 1945, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀; 19 - IV- 1945, C. D. Michener, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Panamá: Balboa, Albrook Field, 8.96984, - 79.56218; 5 m, 24 - X- 1937, L. Stannard, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Balboa, 8.95049, - 79.56610; 5 m, 20 - XII- 1959, W. J. Hanson, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Cerro Azul, N. of Tecumén, 8.80000, - 82.38333; 2180 m, 5 - IX- 1971, N. Lee, 1 ♂ (BBSL). Panamá City, 8.99861, - 79.51073; 30 m, 10 - V- 1945, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Panamá Oeste: Chame: 8.57884, - 79.87673; 18 m, 29 - IV- 1945, C. D. Michener, 5 ♀ (SEMC). Commentary. In areas where species of the frontalis group are sympatric, X. fimbriata may be confused with X. frontalis and X. nautlana, from which it may be distinguished as it presents frontal elevational characteristics, the prominences adjacent to the ocelli in the form of horns; males are distinguished because they do not present black integument on any of the terga of the metasoma.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD1AFFB3FF4296F0FCCDFEF1.taxon	description	(Figs. 11 – 21, 105 – 107, 133)	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD1AFFB3FF4296F0FCCDFEF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length, female, 27.08 mm (24.83 – 28.28; n = 5), male, 28.86 mm (26.22 – 31.67; n = 5). Female: Head with two arc-shaped elevations at the sides of middle ocellus (Figs. 12 and 13); middle ocellus located somewhat above upper margin of eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disc with sparse punctures (separated by three or more times their diameter); wings dark brown with blue, violet o coppery iridescence (Fig. 15); pubescence evenly black; integument of terga generally black (some specimens from Costa Rica, Panama and South America with reddish terga); T 1 to T 3 with dense minute shallow punctures on discal area, some punctures with diameter approximately twice that of the minute punctures; T 2 to T 4 with very minute hairs, T 5 hair 0.86 – 3.24 (length respect MOD). Male: T 1 to T 6 yellow with black bands half or more the terga surface, T 7 yellow; T 2 to T 5 with black and yellow hairs on lateral areas; T 5 and T 6 with long, dense black hairs (Fig. 19); posterior tibia internal distal extreme with a projection longer than wide, with sharp apex rounded at the tip, anterior margin with broad rounded lobe (Fig. 21); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.13 – 0.16, T 3 0.15 – 0.24, T 4 0.22 – 0.27, T 5 0.17 – 0.37; tip of the lateral process of the gonostylus ending broad, ellipsoidal (Fig. 106).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD1AFFB3FF4296F0FCCDFEF1.taxon	description	Description. Female: Integument and pubescence generally black, although some specimens from Costa Rica, Panama and South America have reddish terga [as described originally by Olivier (1789)]; wings dark brown with blue (Fig. 15), violet o coppery iridescence; venation dark brown. Body length 27.08 mm (24.83 – 28.28; n = 5); length of forewing 24.49 mm (23.61 – 25.63; n = 5); head length 6.68 mm (6.18 – 7.07; n = 5) intertegular distance 7.93 mm (7.46 – 8.47; n = 5); width of T 2 12.32 (11.5 – 013.07; n = 5). Head: With two arc-shaped elevations arise at the sides of the middle ocellus; middle ocellus located somewhat above upper margin of eyes and slightly below level of lateral ocelli (Figs. 12 and 13). Mesosoma: Mesoscutal disc unpuctate, between the parapsidal line and discal area with sparse punctures, separated by three or more times their diameter. Metasoma: T 1 to T 3 with dense minute shallow punctures on discal area; some punctures with diameter approximately twice that of the minute punctures; T 4 and T 5 with punctures slightly larger than in the preceeding terga, separated by three or more times their diameter; T 6 with dense punctures. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 to T 4 with very minute hairs, T 5 0.86 – 3.24. Male: Yellowish-orange integument on head and discal area of scutum; pubescence yellowish-orange on head and mesosoma; hyaline wings with venation reddish brown; body length 28.86 mm (26.22 – 31.67; n = 5); length of forewing 24.72 mm (24.32 – 25.43; n = 5); head length 5.09 mm (4.94 – 5.37; n = 5); intertegular distance 7.84 mm (7.80 – 8.21; n = 5); width of T 2 12.99 mm (12.59 – 13.56; n = 5). Head: Labrum with a triangular area without punctures on the middle region; rest of labrum with scattered punctures; clypeus with dense punctures on the middle region of lower submargin; disc of clypeus without punctures; inferolateral and superior lateral regions with scattered punctures, separated by two to four times their diameter; lateral ocelli above the supraocular margin. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area with scattered punctures, separated by three or more times their diameter (Fig. 20). Posterior tibia, anterior margin and anterior area of internal region with long pubescence; posterior margin with alternating long and short hairs; distal extreme of internal surface toward the posterior region with dense short pubescence; internal distal extreme with a projection longer than it is wide, with sharp apex rounded at the point: anterior margin of this projection with a broad rounded lobe (Fig. 21). Metasoma: T 1 to T 6 yellow with black bands occupying half or more of their surface area; T 7 yellow; lateral areas of T 2 to T 5 with black and yellow hairs; T 5 and T 6 covered with long dense black hairs (Fig. 19), T 1 with dense, long, plumose hairs, T 5 with long hairs on lateral areas, T 2 to T 5 with very minute hairs on discal area. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.13 – 0.16, T 3 0.15 – 0.24, T 4 0.22 – 0.27, T 5 0.17 – 0.37. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, acute (Fig. 107); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, obtuse (Fig. 106); tip of the lateral process ending broad, ellipsoidal (Fig. 106). Variation. Throughout its distribution, females of X. frontalis present vartiation in color of terga and wings iridescence; some specimens from Costa Rica have T 1 and T 2 with reddish integument. In specimens from Panama, T 1 to T 4 or T 5 are reddish in the basal region or on to the middle of the terga. In some regions of South America, specimens with black metasoma or reddish bands on the terga are observed (Lucia et al. 2014). Wing iridescence varies greatly, specimens from Mexico and Central America show mainly violet iridescence while South America specimens have different iridescence pattern depending on the geographical region; many species and subspecies have been described based on wing iridescence variation, and have later been synonymized.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD1AFFB3FF4296F0FCCDFEF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 133). Present in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela (Gonzalez & Gonzalez 2009; Moure 2012). In Mexico present in Oaxaca, and in the majority of Central American countries, in the following ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Dry forests of Central America, Pine-oak forests of Central America, Dry forests of the Central Depression of Chiapas, Seasonal Humid forests of Costa Rica, Humid isthmus-Atlantic forests, Humid isthmus-Pacific forests, Dry forests of Panama, Humid forests of Petén-Veracruz, Humid forests of the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Dry forests of the South Pacific and Mountainous Forests Talamanca. Wide altitudinal distribution from 0 to 2180 m.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD1AFFB3FF4296F0FCCDFEF1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 221 ♀ 10 ♂: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: 10.01593, - 84.21417; 955 m, 15 - X- 1992, F. Soto 1 ♀ (MZUCR); San Carlos: Fortuna — Estación La Mona, 10.40926, - 84.73974; 1150 m, 1 - IX- 1990, E. Bello, 3 ♀ (MNCR). Upala: A. C. G, Upala, Dos Ríos (Colonia Mayorga, Finca San Gabriel), 10.88965, - 85.39893; 600 m, 1 - V- 1990, 3 ♀ (MNCR). Sector San Ramón de Dos Ríos (Colonia Mayorga), 1.5 km NW Hacienda Nueva Zelandia, 10.88327, - 85.41354; 620 m, 3 - IV- 1994, F. Quesada, 1 ♀; 26 - IV- 1994, G. Hurtado, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Zapote de Upala, 10.89470, - 85.02339; 56 m, 16 - X- 1971, J. Mora, 2 ♀; 8 - XII- 1972, R. Ortíz, 2 ♀; 10 - IX- 1973, R. Ortíz, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Zapote de Upala, vic. Bijagua, 1007 m, 17 - VIII- 1972, R. Ortíz, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Cartago: Jiménez: Pejibaye, Estación Biológica Copal, Sendero Mariposa, 9.78156, - 83.75299; 1123 m, 4 - IV- 2005, Y. Cárdenas, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Pejibaye, Reserva El Copal, 9.78889, - 83.75278; 1025 m, 24 - IV- 2006, B. Gamboa, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Turrialba: Tayutic — Aserradero el Seis, Grano de Oro, Turrialba, 9.80612, - 83.44735; 1146 m, 18 - I- 1993, P. Campos, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Tayutic — Finca El Quetzal, 9.79612, - 83.42915; 1340 m, 30 - VI- 1993, P. Campos, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Tres Equis, P. N. Barbilla, 2 km S. de Estación Barbilla, 9.96172, - 83.44760; 435 m, 10 - XII- 2002, E. León, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Turrialba, 9.90467, - 83.68352; 648 m, 12 - IX- 1964, Roberts & Roberts, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Guanacaste: Finca Montezuma, 3 km SE Río Naranjo, 10.66409, - 85.09720, 452 m, F. D. Parker: 11 - IX- 1992, 2 ♀; 23 - IX- 1993, 1 ♂; 8 - VI- 1993, 1 ♀ (BBSL). La Cruz: 9 km S. de Santa Cecilia, Estación Pitilla, 10.99036, - 85.42718; 700 m, 4 - IV- 1995, E. Alfaro, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Estación Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, 10.99261, - 85.42948; 680 m, 1 - IX- 1989, 1 ♀; 21 - III- 1989, 1 ♀; 1 - I- 1991, 1 ♀; 19 - V- 1993, P. Ríos, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Santa Cecilia, Casa de Roberto, Estación Pitilla, 11.00257, - 85.42585; 545 m, 1 - I- 1989, 2 ♀; 1 - X- 1994, C. Moraga, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Nicoya: San Antonio, 3 km NO de Nacaome, P. N. Barra Honda, 10.16822, - 85.37366; 83 m, 1 - I- 1993, M. Reyes, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Heredia: San Isidro: Finca las Franbuesas, 10.03527, - 84.04171; 1514 m, 13 - V- 2018, E. Hererra, 1 ♀ (CINAT). Santo Domingo: Santa Rosa, INBIO, 9.97363, - 84.09439; 1127 m, 9 - IX- 2004, M. Solís, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Santo Tomás, 9.98073, - 84.07752; 1194 m, 6 - VII- 2005, W. Ramírez, Passiflora ambigua, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). Sarapiquí: A. C. C. V. C, Sarapiquí, La Virgen, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Estación Magsasay, 10.40126, - 84.04931; 148 m, 1 - X- 1990, R. Aguilar, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Sarapiquí, La Virgen, Estación El Ceibo, 10.32804, - 84.08042; 527 m, - III- 1990, C. Chavez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Limón: Matama, Rancho 3, 9.82557, - 83.16361; 800 m, 31 - X- 2007, M. Moraga, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Río Blanco, Veragua Rainforest, 9.92573, - 83.19141; 400 m, 1 - VII- 2008, R. Villalobos, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Valle La Estrella, 9.67177, - 83.02770; 113 m, 1 - IV- 1991, A. Moreno, 1 ♀; 1 - VII- 1992, G. Carballo, 1 ♀; 21 - VIII- 1992, G. Gallardo, 1 ♀; 1 - IX- 1992, G. Carballo, 1 ♀; 1 - XII- 1992, G. Carballo, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Valle La Estrella, Est. Miramar, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, 9.63336, - 83.00343; 500 m. 1 - X- 1992, G. Carballo, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Valle de la Estrella, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Send Espavel, 9.66144, - 83.03071; 560 m, 27 - IX- 2003, W. Arana, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Talamanca: Bratsi: Amubri, 9.51935, - 82.95628; 80 m, 1 - II- 1994, G. Gallardo, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Puntarenas: Buenos Aires: 9.16464, - 83.33670; 352 m, 21 - VII- 1964, Roberts & Roberts, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Coto Brus: Estación Pittier, 4.2 km SW del Cerro Gemelo, 9.02566, - 82.96269; 1715 m, 5 - I- 1995, B. Gamboa, 1 ♀; E. Alfaro, 1 ♀; E. Fletes, 2 ♀; E. Nunuez, 1 ♀; L. Angulo, 1 ♀; 6 - I- 1995, F. Alvarado, 2 ♀; M. Lobo, 2 ♀; 23 - I- 1995, S. Avila, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Finca Cafrosa, Est. Las Mellizas, P. N. Amistad, 8.89141, - 82.76475; 1459 m, 1 - X- 1989, M. Ramírez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Guacimal, Finca Buen Amigo Monteverde, 4 km S. de la Reserva, 10.27672, - 84.79662; 1032 m, 1 - VII- 1992, Z. Fuentes, 4 ♀; 1 - VIII- 1992, Z. Fuentes, 2 ♀; 24 - VIII- 1992, F. Quesada, 6 ♀; 1 - IX- 1992, Z. Fuentes, 1 ♀; 1 - X- 1992, Z. Fuentes, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Guacimal, San Luis, Monteverde, 10.27401, - 84.79662; 1116 m, 1 - VII- 1992, Z. Fuentes, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Monteverde, 10.30690, - 84.80970; 1429 m, 22 - V- 1976, M. Wasbauer, 3 ♀; 22 - VI- 1986, G. E. Bohart, W. J. Hanson, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Monteverde, Pensión Quetzal, 28 - V- 1992, Jameson & Ratcliffe, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San Vito, 6 km. S, 8.78430, - 82.95844; 1207 m, 30 - IV- 1967, D. F. Veirs, 1 ♂ (BBSL). Sabalito, Finca Cafrosa, 2 km NW de Mellizas, 8.89147, - 82.79294; 1228 m, 1 - VI- 1991, M. Ramírez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Vito-Las Alturas, 8.82083, - 82.96944; 992 m, 26 - IV- 2008, I. Aguilar, 1 ♀ (CINAT). San José: Acosta: San Ignacio de Acosta, 4 km E, 9.79989, - 84.13020; 1265 m, 8 - VII- 1963, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (BBSL). San Ignacio de Acosta, 4 km E, 9.79145, - 84.19698; 1220 m, 8 - VII- 1963, C. D. Michener, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Escazú: San Antonio de Escazú, 2 km N, 9.93618, - 84.13385; 1046 m, 2 - I- 1988, 2 ♀ (SEMC). San José: 9.91189, - 84.07362; 1140 m, C. D. Michener: 10 - VIII- 1962, 3 ♀; 24 - VIII- 1962, 2 ♀ (SEMC). San Pedro Montes de Oca, 9.93651, - 84.04882; 1200 m, 7 - III- 2016, M. Calderón, 1 ♀; 10 - X- 2017, N. Gamboa, 2 ♀ (MZUCR). Santa Ana, 9.9336, - 84.1841, 902 m; 19 - X- 1992, B. Musmani, 1 ♀; 28 - X- 1992, E. Jenkins, 1 ♀; B. Musmani, 2 ♀ (CINAT). GUATEMALA: Acatenango: 18 - VIII- 1951, R. Painter, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Amatitlán: 14.46845, - 90.58856; 1199 m, 9 - I- 1980, G. E. Bohart, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Huehuetenango: La Democracia: Cajuil, 15.63746, - 91.78722; 1026 m, 18 - XI- 2010, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Pinalito, 15.66530, - 91.86180; 963 m, 2 - III- 2010, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; 17 - XI- 2010, M. Hurtado, 1 ♀; O. Argüello, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). La Libertad: Camojaito, 15.61604, - 91.87273; 940 m, 1 - III- 2010, P. Sagot, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). San Antonio Huista: San Andrés, 15.71666, - 91.74551; 940 m, 30 - IV- 2010, P. Sagot, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). HONDURAS: Cortés: Los Naranjos, 15.50860, - 87.98231; 52 m, 11 - VIII- 1970, P. Adams, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Francisco Morazán: Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, 14.00780, - 87.00960; 799 m, - VII- 1967, J. S. Packer, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Zamorano, 14.06600, - 86.38352; 461 m, 6 - V- 1964, G. A. Axtell, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Zamorano, 14.00919, - 87.00825; 800 m, 5 - V- 1964, G. Axtell, 1 ♀ (SEMC). MEXICO: Chiapas: 4 ♀ 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Acacoyagua: Ej. Nueva Reforma 1 km. N, 15.44473, - 92.69966; 596 m, M. Guzmán, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Las Golondrinas, 15.43271, - 92.65260; 862 m, 8 - XII- 2006, C. Balboa, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Rosario Zacatonales, 15.43365, - 92.65051; 915 m, 4 - III- 2005, M. Rincón, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Angel Albino Corzo: Las Delicias, 15.64350, - 92.49969; 823 m, 1 - III- 2016, 16: 30 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Arriaga: Paraje Poza Verde, 16.34207, - 93.95440; 466 m, 24 - I- 2009, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Cacahoatán: Cafetales nr. Guatemala border, 15.02144, - 92.12874; 687 m, 7 - III- 2020, 9: 30 h, E. Gómez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). La Concordia: carretera 157, 15.96350, - 92.79847; 583 m, 4 - III- 2020, 12: 10 h, E. Gómez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Mapastepec: Unión los olivos, 15.52120, - 92.80115; 316 m, 10 - X- 2006, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Los Olivos-orilla del río, 15.52190, - 92.79968: 315 m, M. Guzmán: 2 - II- 2005, 1 ♀; 1 - VI- 2005, 1 ♀; 27 - VI- 2005, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Motozintla de Mendoza: Belisario Domínguez, 15.30410, - 92.38110; 791 m, 5 - V- 2005, C. Pacheco, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Finca Belen, 15.21944, - 92.34916; 1337 m, 23 - VI- 2000, A. Mazariegos, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Salanueva, 15.31660, - 92.34023; 1000 m, 3 - II- 2019, 11: 20 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Ocozocoautla: 8.1 km N Nuevo México S de Ocozocoautla, 16.69761, - 93.41156; 773 m, 2 - IV- 1993, C. Mendoza, 1 ♀ (EBCH). 19 km N Ocozocoautla, 16.8842, - 93.4542; 962 m, 10 - IV- 1993, C. Mendoza, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tapachula: 36.7 km N Tapachula, 15.103, - 92.3097; 440 m, 17 - IV- 1993, E. Tovar, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Carrillo Puerto, 15.00700, - 92.19880; 530 m, 7 - VII- 2007, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Finca Vega de los Gatos, 15.02722, - 92.23666; 431 m, 7 - VII- 2007, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tapachula, 14.88670, - 92.28660; 127 m, 24 - VII- 1987, R. Vargas, 1 ♀ 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Tuxtla Chico: Rosario Izapa, 14.97330, - 92.15460; 445 m, 25 - XI- 1986, A. Penagos, 1 ♀; 24 - VII- 1987, R. Santos, 4 ♀; 25 - VII- 1987, R. Santos, 1 ♀; 8 - X- 1987, L. Mendoza, 1 ♀; 3 - V- 1993, A. Aquino, 3 ♀; M. Rincón, 1 ♀; 26 - V- 2000, M. Trujillo, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Sección La Toma, 14.96603, - 92.16450; 410 m, 9 - X- 1992, 11: 00 h, M. Medina, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tuzantán: Carr. 211 Huixtla — Motozintla, 15.16280, - 92.43290; 110 m, 3 - II- 2019, 8: 45 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Juárez: Santo Domingo, 15.03100, - 92.10470; 863 m, 27 - VI- 1997, C. Pérez, 1 ♀; A. Davila, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Talquián, 15.08470, - 92.08360; 1650 m, 5 - V- 2005, A. Mora, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Juárez, 15.06180, - 92.08000; 1310 m, 10 - VIII- 1986, J. Cuadriello, 1 ♀; 25 - VIII- 1986, J. Cuadriello, 1 ♀; 28 - VIII- 1986, 1 ♀ 1 ♂; 22 - IX- 1986, 1 ♀; 15 - XI- 1986, 1 ♂; 23 - I- 1987, F. Pérez, 1 ♀; 24 - IV- 1987, F. Pérez, 1 ♀; 1 - X- 1987, L. Godínez, 1 ♀; 7 - I- 1988, L. Godínez, 1 ♀; 28 - VII- 1988, A. Aquino, 8 ♀; 18 - VIII- 1988, A. Aquino, 3 ♀; 28 - VIII- 1988, A. Aquino, 1 ♀; 9 - X- 1988, F. Pérez, 3 ♀; 4 - XII- 1988, F. Pérez, 1 ♀; 31 - VIII- 1989, F. Pérez, 1 ♀; 4 - X- 1989, F. Pérez, 2 ♀; G. López, 2 ♀; M. Cigarroa, 2 ♀; 20 - VIII- 1990, F. Pérez, 1 ♀; 29 - VII- 1992, A. Aquino, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). Villa Corzo: Camino a la presa, 16.35593, - 92.96260; 660 m, 19 - X- 2017, 10: 40 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). El Parral, 16.36965, - 93.02195; 725 m, 19 - X- 2017, 8: 15 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Villaflores: Carr 230, 16.41139, - 93.68287; 644 m, 30 - I- 2019, 12: 20 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ricardo Flores Magón, 16.26811, - 93.64895; 924 m, 29 - I- 2019, 9: 30 h, G. Mera, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Clemente, 16.41820, - 93.71358; 608 m, 30 - I- 2019, 12: 50 h, G. Mera, 1 ♀ (ECO- AB). PANAMA: Chiriquí: Boquete: 8.76667, - 82.43333; 1061 m, 17 - I- 1981, C. D. Michener, 3 ♀ (SEMC). Boquete, 8 km S, 8.69858, - 82.45046; 820 m, 5 - I- 2012, F. D. Parker, T. D. Mcintyre, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Cocle: Antón: El Valle de Antón, 8.61163, - 80.13148; 600 m, 28 - XI- 1957, W. Hanson, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Colón: Buena Vista: Quebrada Bonita Adentro, NW Madden Dam, 9.29997, - 79.70027; 173 m, 23 - X- 1957, W. J. Hanson, 1 ♂ (BBSL). Pipeline Road, Gamboa, 9.12149, - 79.70061; 91 m, J. A. Bishop: 1 - I- 1992, 1 ♀, 6 - I- 1992, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Panama: Balboa: Albrook Field, 8.96984, - 79.56218; 5 m, 24 - X- 1937, L. Stannard, 1 ♀; 16 - I- 1938, L. Stannard, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Cerro Azul, N of Tucumen, 8.80000, - 82.38333; 2180 m, 17 - XI- 1957, Hanson & Fairchild, 1 ♂ (SEMC), 20 - VII- 1958, W. J. Hanson, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Chilibre, 9.15718, - 79.61893; 45 m, 4 - I- 1946, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Curundú, 8.98542, - 79.53661; 24 m, 4 - I- 1981, C. D. Michener, 2 ♀; 11 - I- 1981, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀; 19 - V- 1981, R. Brooks, 5 ♀ (SEMC). Panama Oeste: Arraiján: Cerro Galera, 8.93178, - 79.61478; 142 m, 22 - VIII- 1958, W. Hanson, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Capira: Cerro Campana, 8 km NW Capira, 8.75414, - 79.96993; 343 m, 4 - V- 1981, R. Brooks, 1 ♀; 7 - V- 1981, R. Brooks, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Chame: 8.57884, - 79.87673; 18 m, 29 - IV- 1995, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Commentaries. X. frontalis may be confused with X. fimbriata and X. nautlana but may be distinguished from these by the middle ocellus that divides the two projections.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD1FFFBFFF4297D1FCB6FC4F.taxon	description	(Figs. 22 – 32, 108 – 110, 134)	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD1FFFBFFF4297D1FCB6FC4F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length, female, 26.69 mm (24.67 – 30.18; n = 5); male 32.02 mm (31.71 – 32.32; n = 2). Female: Head with two arc-shaped elevations joined anteriorly to middle ocellus (Figs. 23 and 24), which lies between these structures and above upper margin of eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disc with sparse punctures (separated by three or more times their diameter); wings dark brown with blue-purple iridescence (Fig. 26); pubescence evenly black; integument of terga evenly black; T 1 to T 3 with very dense, minute punctures on discal and sublateral areas; T 2 to T 4 with very minute hairs, T 5 hair 0.99 – 1.18 (length respect MOD). Male: T 1 to T 5 yellowish with black bands on posterior margin, T 6 mainly yellowish with a posterior band lighter than on previous terga, T 7 and lateral areas of T 2 to T 7 yellowish; T 6 and T 7 with long, dense, yellowish hairs, dark-brown apically (Fig. 30); posterior tibia internal distal extreme with a robust projection as long as wide, anterior margin with noticeable lobe (Fig. 32); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.20 – 0.69, T 3 0.31 – 0.39, T 4 with minute hairs, T 5 0.26 – 0.50; tip of lateral process of the gonostylus ending broad, oval (Fig. 109).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD1FFFBFFF4297D1FCB6FC4F.taxon	description	Description. Female: Integument and pubescence black; wings dark brown with blue-purple iridescence (Fig. 26) with venation dark brown. Body length 26.69 mm (24.67 – 30.18; n = 5); length of forewing 25.48 mm (23.68 – 27.38; n = 5), head length 7.24 mm (7.09 – 7.55; n = 5), intertegular distance 8.28 mm (7.54 – 8.83; n = 5), width of T 2 12.65 mm (11.09 – 13.36; n = 5). Head: With two arc-shaped elevations join in the anterior area of middle ocellus (Fig. 23), such that this ocellus lies between these structures; middle ocellus located above upper margin of eyes (Fig. 24). Clypeus with two depressions toward the middle of the inferior submargin, with large dense punctures on the upper lateral regions; disc and lower margin without punctures; inferolateral regions with sparse punctures; the ocelli almost at the same level as each other, above the frontal elevations. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area with sparse punctures, separated by three or more times their diameter. Metasoma: T 1 to T 3 with very dense minute punctures on discal area as well as sublateral area. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 to T 4 with very minute hairs, T 5 0.99 – 1.18. Male: Integument yellowish-orange on head and discal area of scutum. Hyaline wings, venation reddish brown. Body length 32.02 mm (31.71 – 32.32; n = 2); length of forewing 24.84 mm (23.89 – 25.78; n = 2); head length 5.20 mm (5.05 – 5.35; n = 2); intertegular distance 8.29 mm (8.28 – 8.30; n = 2): width of T 2 14.19 mm (14.09 – 14.30; n = 2). Head: Labrum with a triangular shaped area without punctures on the middle region; rest of labrum with scattered punctures, clypeus with a conglomeration of small punctures on the submarginal area; disc of clypeus without punctures; lateral areas with dense punctures; inferolateral areas with highly scattered punctures larger than those on the inferior submargin, lateral ocelli on the same level as upper margin of the eyes. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area with dense appressed punctures (Fig. 31); hind tibia, anterior region with very long dense pubescence, by contrast, above the posterior region pubescence is short and dense; internal surface with long pubescence toward the basal area; internal distal extreme with a robust projection, its width equal to its length without considering the apex, with a notable lobe on the anterior margin (Fig. 32). Metasoma: T 1 to T 5 yellowish with a black bands occupying the posterior margin; T 6 principally yellowish with a slight conspicuous posterior band; T 7 yellowish (Fig. 30); pubescence T 1 with dense, long, plumose hairs, T 2 with a mixture of yellow, long, simple and plumose hairs on anterior margin and lateral areas, discal area with very minute hairs, T 3 to T 5 with very minute hairs on discal area, lateral areas with yellow hairs, submarginal areas with some dark hairs. Lateral areas of T 2 to T 7 yellowish; T 6 and T 7 covered with large dense yellowish hairs, with their apex dark brown (Fig. 30). Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.20 – 0.69, T 3 0.31 – 0.39, T 4 with minute hairs, T 5 0.26 – 0.50. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, acute (Fig. 110); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, strong, noticeable (Fig. 109); tip of the lateral process ending broad, oval (Fig. 109). Variation. Some specimens present wings with greenish iridescence, similar to those of X. mexicanorum and X. wilmattae.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD1FFFBFFF4297D1FCB6FC4F.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 134). Present in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico, in the following ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Humid forests of the Central American Atlantic, Pine-oak forests of Central America, Mountainous forests of Chiapas, Seasonal humid forests of Costa Rica, Isthmus-Atlantic humid forests, Scrubland of the Central Mexican Plateau, Mesoamerican mangroves of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, Mountainous forests of Oaxaca, Humid forests of Petén-Veracruz, Sierra de los Tuxtlas, Humid forests of the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre of Oaxaca, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre del Sur, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mountainous forests of Talamanca, Humid forests of Veracruz, Mountainous forests of Veracruz, Dry forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, and Humid forests of the Yucatan Peninsula. Broad altitudinal distribution from 0 to 1992 m.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD1FFFBFFF4297D1FCB6FC4F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 203 ♀ 11 ♂: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Guatuso: Estación Pilón, 10.70461, - 84.99231; 879 m, 10 - IV- 2007, J. A. Azofeita, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Los Chiles: Caño Negro, en el Pueblo, 10.89381, - 84.78885; 35 m, 8 - VIII- 1992, K. Quesada, 3 ♀; 10 - X- 1992, K. Martínez, 3 ♀; 12 - VIII- 1993, K. Martínez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Playue- las, 10.95534, - 84.74959; 35 m, 5 - I- 1993, K. Quesada, 2 ♀; K. Martínez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Upala: A. C. G, Upala, Dos Ríos (Colonia Mayorga, Finca San Gabriel, 10.88965, - 85.39893, 600 m, 1 - V- 1990, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Bijagua, 20 km S Upala, 10.7333, - 85.10, 1007 m, 24 - II- 1990, F. D. Parker, 2 ♀ 3 ♂ (BBSL). Guanacaste: Finca Montezuma, 3 km SE Río Naranjo, 10.66409, - 85.09720, 452 m, F. D. Parker: 23 - I- 1992, 1 ♀; 15 - II- 1992, 1 ♀; 3 - III- 1992, 1 ♀; 14 - III- 1992, 1 ♀; IV- 1992, 2 ♀; 24 - VI- 1992, 1 ♀; 27 - VII- 1992, 1 ♀; 26 - VIII- 1992, 1 ♀; 11 - IX- 1992, 1 ♀; 9 - II- 1993, 1 ♀; 19 - III- 1993, 1 ♀; 28 - III- 1993, 1 ♀; 6 - IV- 1993, 1 ♀; 1 - IV- 1993, 1 ♀; 19 - V- 1993, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Bagaces: R. Naranjo, 3 km SE, 10.66409, - 85.09720; 451 m, - I- 1982, 1 ♀; - 1 - 1992, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀ (BBSL). La Cruz: Estación Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, 10.99261, - 85.42948; 700 m, 1 - V- 1990, 1 ♀; 4 - IV- 1995, M. Moraga, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Biológica Maritza, 10.96254, - 85.49524, 600 m, 1 - IV- 1990, R. Blanco, 4 ♀; 1 - V- 1990, R. Blanco, 2 ♀; 1 - II- 1992, P. Campos, 1 ♀; 27 - II- 1992, D. Brenes, 1 ♀; A. Gutiérrez, 1 ♀; A. Marín, 1 ♀; K. Martínez, 1 ♀; M. Ortíz, 1 ♀; F. Quesada, 1 ♀; K. Quesada, 1 ♀; M. Segura, 1 ♀; 28 - II- 1992, C. Cano, 2 ♀; G. Gallardo, 2 ♀; D. García, 2 ♀; E. López, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Liberia: Sector Las Pailas, 4.5 km SW del Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, 10.77678, - 85.35191; 800 m, 8 - I- 1992, C. Cano, 1 ♀; 1 - VIII- 1993, G. Rodríguez, 1 ♀; 7 - I- 1994, K. Taylor, 2 ♀; 12 - I- 1994, D. García, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Tilarán: Tierras Morenas, Río San Lorenzo, 10.57559, - 85.02322, 1 - IX- 1992, G. Rodríguez, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Heredia: Sarapiquí: A. C. C. V. C, Sarapiquí, La Virgen, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Estación Magsasay, 10.40126, - 84.04931; 200 m, 1 - VI- 1990, D. Acevedo, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Limón: Pococí: Colorado, Estación Cuatro Esquinas, 10.53955, - 83.50648, 7 m, 1 - X- 1989, J. Solano, 1 ♀ (MNCR). HON- DURAS: Cortes: El Jaral, 14.86667, - 89.06667, 696 m, 8 - VIII- 1970, P. Adams, 1 ♂ (SEMC). Santa Bárbara: La Fe, Finca La Roca 5.3 km S. Peña Blanca, 14.95000, - 88.03333; 740 m, 19 - VI- 1994, Ashe & Brooks, 2 ♀ (SEMC). MEXICO: Campeche: Calakmul: Quiché de las Pailas, 18.07583, - 89.33917; 300 m, 12 - IV- 1997, O. Yañez, 1 ♀ 1 ♂; 29 - X- 1997, O. Yañez, 2 ♀ (MZFC). Hopelchén: Pachuitz, 19.13703, - 89.27517; 138 m, 28 - IX- 2015, M. Hernández, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Chiapas: Santa Rosa, - V- 1971, A. Ramírez, 2 ♀ (CNIN). Chenalhó: Tzajalchen, 17.03907, - 92.50886, 1270 m, 24 - II- 2017, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Cintalapa: Francisco I. Madero, 16.80796, - 93.75015, 771 m, J. Florez: 15 - I- 2009, 3 ♀; 8 - VII- 2009, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Las Margaritas: San Antonio los Altos, 16.27694, - 91.69250; 1293 m, - 2019, E. Jímenez, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Ocosingo: Carr. 201 a Laguna Miramar, 16.69029, - 91.68350; 796 m, 15 - II- 2019, I. Pérez, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Carr. 201 a Laguna Miramar, 16.63977, - 91.62328; 377 m, 15 - II- 2019, I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Laguna Miramar, 16.38709, - 91.28623; 320 m, 2 - III- 1987, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Quintín, 16.40470, - 91.34520; 200 m, 14 - III- 1987, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ocozocoautla de Espinosa: Emilio Rabasa, 16.91805, - 93.61638; 731 m, J. Mérida: 22 - III- 2007, 1 ♀; 20 - IV- 2018, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Palenque: carr. 307 a Tenosique, 17.35930, - 91.79140; 195 m, 11 - II- 2019, I. Pérez, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Palenque, 17.51000 - 91.98149; 78 m, 10 - IX- 1974, G. E. Bohart, W. Hanson, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Pichucalco: Volcán Chichón, 17.36013, - 93.22491, 1030 m, 21 - I- 2012, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Simojovel: 4 mi SW Simojovel, 17.10027, - 92.70805; 980 m, 19 - III- 1958, R. C. Bechtel, E. I. Schlinger, 1 ♂ (EBCH). Tecpatán: Carr. de Autopista 145 D a Tecpatán, 17.18841, 93.49985; 265 m, 24 - IX- 2017, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Juárez: 15.06180, - 92.08000, 1310 m, 28 - VII- 1988, A. Aquino, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Yajalón: Chiviltic, 17.11367, - 92.41570, 1187 m, 12 - VII- 2017, D. Pedro, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Hidalgo: Chapulhuacán: Jacala, 24 mi NE, 21.09425, - 99.01543; 1591 m, 22 - VI- 1953, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 11 ♀ (SEMC). Huautla: Ejido la Puerta, 21.04694, - 98.27139; 552 m, 21 - III- 1994, L. Godínez, 3 ♀ (MZFC). Tepehuacán de Guerrero: Otongo, 20.96333, - 98.75667; 1100 m, 31 - VII- 1982, R. Ayala, 1 ♂ (MZFC). Tlanchinol: Km 4 Tlanchinol-Apantlazol, 20.98444, - 98.63694; 1600 m, 20 - III- 1994, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Oaxaca: Guevea de Humboldt: Linda Vista, 16.83501, - 95.46130; 812 m, 18 - III- 2015, J. García, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Pedro Yaneri: San Juan Tepanzacoalco, 17.40153, - 96.37720; 1351 m, 9 - III- 2016, R. Carrillo, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Chimalapa: Chalchijapa, 17.05417, - 94.65389; 100 m, J. Salinas: 22 - III- 1995, 1 ♀; 29 - III- 1995, 1 ♀; 24 - V- 1995, 1 ♂ (MZFC). San Isidro La Gringa, 17.10361, - 94.12250; 100 m, J. Salinas: 26 - IX- 1995, 1 ♀; 27 - IX- 1995, 4 ♀; 29 - IX- 1995, 1 ♀; 1 - X- 1995, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Santos Reyes Nopala: Nopala, 16.10583, - 97.14499; 459 m, 1 - X- 1990, R. Delgadillo, 4 ♀ (MZFC). Valle Nacional: San Mateo Yetla, 17.76209, - 96.314205; 136 m, 14 - X- 1990, E. Barrera, E. Ramírez, A. Cadena, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Puebla: 11 - VII- 1990, M. Sousa- Peña, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Cuetzalan: Yahualichan, 20.06166, - 97.50333; 594 m, E. Barrera, 7 - II- 1986, 1 ♂ (UDLAP). Xicotepec: Finca Puebla, 20.38324, - 97.79996; 478 m, 26 - VI- 1999, 1 ♀ 1 ♂; 26 - V- 2000, C. Vergara, 2 ♀ (UD- LAP). Querétaro: San Juan del Río: Chuveje, 21.17014, - 99.555867; 1354 m, 22 - VII- 1998, C. Mayorga, E. Barrera, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Quintana Roo: 25 km W Felipe Carrillo Puerto, 19.63722, - 88.27897, 25 m, 12 - X- 1986, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Felipe Carrilllo Puerto: 19.58032, - 88.04409; 14 m, 10 - X- 1986, F. D. Parker, 3 ♀; P. F. Tor- chio, 1 ♀; T. L. Griswold, 4 ♀; 12 - X- 1986, T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Lázaro Cárdenas: Xcan: 20.86889, - 87.60250; 25 m, 27 - VII- 1962, A. Emerson, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tulum: Playa Aventuras, 3 - VIII- 1981, E. Pech, 1 ♀ (CNIN). San Luis Potosí: Tamazunchale: 21.26111, - 98.79167; 150 m, - 1 - 1900, J. Adams, 1 ♀, 31 - III- 1951, W. Stephen, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 4 - V- 1976, J. Butze, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Tampamolón Corona: Tamazunchale, 21 mi N, 21.53317, - 98.80837; 75 m, 23 - VII- 1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ (SEMC). Villa de Guadalupe: El Salto, 23.09929, - 100.81670; 1992 m, 11 - VII- 1961, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 2 ♀, 20 - VII- 1962, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 3 ♀; 21 - VII- 1962, 2 ♀; 20 - V- 1989, D. Yanega, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Xilitla: 21.38236, - 98.98868; 652 m, 23 - VII- 1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀; 7 - VII- 1990, R. Minckley, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tabasco: Tenosique: Carretera al Ceibo, 17.32747, - 91.18842; 155 m, - 2017, A. Tapia, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). Madero Cortazar, 17.30222, - 91.16694; 126 m, 23 - V- 2018, 9 ♀ (ECOAB). Tenosique, 17.41960, - 91.32280; 46 m, 12 - II- 2019, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tenosique, 17.38690, - 91.27660; 58 m, 12 - II- 2019, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Universidad Politécnica Mesoaméricana, 17.27957, - 91.08267; 63 m, 12 - IV- 2018, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tamaulipas: Gómez Farías: Piedra de El Elefante, 23.03392, - 99.27660; 1636 m, 12 - VIII- 2013, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tampico: Tampico, 22.26895, - 97.86420; 16 m, 10 - VI- 1951, H. Evans, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Veracruz: Camino Llano Grande-Teocelo, 17 - VI- 1990, E. Pérez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Coatepec: Cinco Palos, 19.49667, - 96.99029; 1547 m, 20 - IX- 2012, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Jilotepec: 7 km al S de Jilotepec, 17 - III- 1979, C. Martínez, 2 ♀ (MZFC). San Andrés Tuxtla, Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, 18.58486, - 95.07405; 148 m, 16 - IX- 1988, C. Mayorga, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 7 - IX- 1994, E. Ramírez, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 2 - V- 2019, M. Maldonado, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Cosamaloapan: Camino a Santa Cruz, 18.171687, - 96.091565; 21 m, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; M. Padilla, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Los Tuxtlas: 29 - VIII- 1985, C. Mayorga, V. Meléndez, 1 ♀; 19 - IX- 1985, L. Cervantes, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Tantoyuca: El Trapiche, 3 km al S de Teocelo, 21.36833, - 98.28167; 1100 m, 19 - VIII- 1980, M. C. Gentier, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Teocelo: Barranca de Cayoapa Tejería, 19.37333, - 96.92667; 993 m, 18 - IX- 1980, J. Álvarez, 1 ♀, 2 - XI- 1980, A. Garcís, 1 ♀; 8 - II- 1981, I. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Cayoapa Tejería, 19.37333, - 96.92667; 993 m, 18 - IX- 1980, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Llano Grande, 19.36833, - 96.88000; 842 m, 5 - V- 1978, J. Llorente, 1 ♀; 6 - VI- 1981, M. A. Luis, 1 ♀; 7 - VI- 1981, J. Llorente, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Llano Grande, 19.37027, - 96.88083; 840 m, 17 - VI- 1990, G. Rodríguez, 3 ♀ (SEMC). Teocelo, 19.38527, - 96.97166; 1160 m, 12 - IX- 1982, R. López, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Totutla: El Desengaño, 19.20606, - 96.89909; 1148 m, 21 - VIII- 2006, M. Bonet, 1 ♀ (UD- LAP). Yaonahuac: Tlapacoyan, 15 mi. W, 19.95809, - 97.43864; 704 m, 28 - II- 1972, F. D. Parker, D. Miller, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Yucatán: Merida: Dzoyaxché, 20.78955, - 89.59032; 14 m, 25 - V- 2016, I. Hinojosa, 2 ♀ (CNIN). Commentaries. Xylocopa nautlana may be distinguished by its middle ocellus, located just above the two elevation that are morphologically joined in the anterior region of this ocellus (Fig. 9), unlike X. frontalis in which arc-shaped projections arise at the sides of the middle ocellus.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD13FFBFFF429245FDC4F860.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Female and male of majority of species less than 25 mm in length. Female: Frontal area of head without elevated ridges or prominences adjacent to ocelli (as in figs. 34 and 43); Clypeus: lateral areas no protuberant, discal area unpunctate rest of clypeus densely punctate. Area below middle ocellus with a well-defined anterior frontal groove without punctures that initiates with a diameter equal to the width of the ocelli, diminishing to end in a middle elevation between the antennal sockets; ocelli located below the tangent of the eyes; lateral ocelli with pits on the posterolateral region. Malar area equal than or similar to minimum diameter of F 1; Mandibles without a notch at the level of the middle tooth (Fig. 37). Area between parapsidal line and discal area of mesoscutum with sparse or scattered punctures. Terga with bigger punctures compared to frontalis group (around one fifth the diameter of middle ocellus), pubescence dense. Posterior tibiae: apex of basitibial plate with two asymmetrical dentiform apical processes, anterior dentiform apical process sharp and posterior dentiform apical process rounded. Scutellum angled (Fig. 38). Male: integument in general as in frontalis group, with black posterior bands on half the terga; labrum with a small subtriangular area unpunctate on the medial region; rest of the labrum with scattered punctures; clypeus, with scattered punctures on middle region of inferior submargin; lateral ocelli below upper margin of eyes; internal distal extreme of hind tibiae with a prominent subapical projection, without a noticeable anterior rounded lobe (Fig. 42), with blunt margin; internal surface of hind tibiae with abundant pubescence.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD10FFBBFF4296F0FACBFE89.taxon	description	(Figs. 33 – 42,111 – 113, 140)	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD10FFBBFF4296F0FACBFE89.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length, female, 22.37 mm (21.2 – 23.04; n = 5); male, 22.89 mm (22.32 – 23.14; n = 5). Female: Head without elevated ridges or prominences on frons; ocelli below tangent of the eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disc with scattered punctures (separated by two or more times their diameter); wings dark brown with iridescence blue-greenish, but on the papillate distal extreme yellowish (Fig. 36); pubescence evenly black; integument of terga evenly black; T 1 densely punctate on disc (punctures separated by one or two puncture diameter), T 2 to T 4 less densely punctate (three diameters separation); T 5 puncture density in between previous values (two diameters separation); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.26 – 0.41, T 3 0.41 – 0.71, T 4 0.45 – 0.81, T 5 0.62 – 1.07. Male: T 1 to T 5 yellowish with black bands on posterior half, T 6 and T 7 orange-brown; pubescence mainly yellowish-orange, except T 7 with orange-brown hairs; posterior tibia internal distal projection robust, rectangular, longer than wide, blunt (Fig. 42); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.93 – 1.31, T 3 0.93 – 1.77, T 4 0.98 – 1.75, T 5 1.13 – 1.74; tip of lateral process of the gonostylus ending broad, oval.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD10FFBBFF4296F0FACBFE89.taxon	description	Description. Female: Integument and pubescence black; wings with iridescence blue-greenish, but on the papillate distal extreme yellowish (Fig. 36); venation dark brown; body length 22.37 mm (21.2 – 23.04; n = 5); length of forewing 21.86 mm (20.88 – 22.45; n = 5); head length 5.84 mm (5.66 – 5.94; n = 5); intertegular distance 6.85 mm (6.43 – 7.26; n = 5); width of T 2 10.54 mm (10.38 – 10.72; n = 5). Head: Clypeus with broad inferior margin unpunctate; throughout the inferior submargin with a little depressed; punctures on superior area of clypeus separated by approximately the width of a puncture; sublateral and inferolateral areas with punctures separated bytwo or three times their diameter. Genal area with sparse punctures on middle region; punctures on superior region very small (Fig. 33); with pits on posterolateral area of the ocelli, of half the ocellar diameter; vertex with a well-defined middle longitudinal line; the punctures slightly smaller than those on clypeus, separated by two or more times their diameter. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal lines and discal area with scattered punctures, separated by two or more times their diameter; scutellum angled in profile. Metasoma: T 1 with densely punctate on discal area, separated by one or two times their diameter; T 2 to T 4 with punctures separated by approximately three times their diameter; T 5 with punctures separated by approximately two times their diameter; T 6 with very densely punctate. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.26 – 0.41, T 3 0.41 – 0.71, T 4 0.45 – 0.81, T 5 0.62 – 1.07. Male: Integument yellowish-orange on head and mesosoma; T 1 to T 5 yellowish with black bands occupying half or more of their area; T 6 and T 7 orange-brown. Pubescence yellowish-orange; T 7 with orange-brown hairs; cypeus with a dark brown middle line reaching disc of clypeus; hyaline wings, venation reddish brown; body length 22.89 mm (22.32 – 23.14; n = 5); length of forewing 19.63 mm (19.00 – 20.49; n = 5); head length 4.34 mm (4.27 – 4.45; n = 5); intertegular distance 6.72 mm (6.19 – 7.22; n = 5); width of T 2 10.99 mm (10.38 – 11.61; n = 5). Head: Labrum with a small subtriangular area unpunctate on the medial region; rest of labrum with scattered punctures; clypeus with scattered punctures on middle region of inferior submargin; disc of clypeus unpunctate; superior inferolateral and lateral areas with scattered punctures, separated by two to four times their diameter; posterior ocelli to the same level upper margin of the eyes; posterolateral ocellar area with similar size of an ocellus, unpunctate; vertex unpunctate on medial área. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area with densely punctate, separated by one to one and a half times their diameter; posterior tibia, anterior margin of hind tibia with long dense pubescence, with simple curly hairs; by contrast hairs on posterior margin short and less dense; internal surface with long pubescence toward basal area; short and dense toward distal area; distal internal projection of tibia robust, rectangular, longer than wide, blunt (Fig. 42). Metasoma: T 1 with only plumose hairs, T 2 with a mixture of plumose and simple hairs, T 3 and T 4 with plumose hairs restricted to submarginal area, T 5 to T 7 with dense, long hairs, some of them plumose. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.93 – 1.31, T 3 0.93 – 1.77, T 4 0.98 – 1.75, T 5 1.13 – 1.74. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, acute (Fig. 113); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, obtuse (Fig. 112); tip of the lateral process ending broad, oval (Fig. 112). Variation. In females the greenish blue iridiscence of the wings may occupy more than half the wings.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD10FFBBFF4296F0FACBFE89.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 140). Present in the Mexican states of Chiapas, Puebla, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Veracruz, in the following ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Humid forests of Petén-Veracruz, Sierra de los Tuxtlas, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre of Oaxaca, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre del Sur, Pine-oak forests of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, and Humid forests of Veracruz. According to the specimens examined, this species may be endemic to Mexico. Altitudinal distribution from 100 to 1390 m.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD10FFBBFF4296F0FACBFE89.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 32 ♀ 12 ♂: MEXICO: Chiapas: 2 ♀ (ECOAB): Chiapas: Las Margaritas: Carr. 218 Miramar a Las Margaritas, 16.33843, - 91.40550; 337 m, 16 - II- 2019, 16 - II- 2019. P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ocosingo: Carr. 128 a Laguna Miramar, 16.5443, - 91.51249; 413 m, 15 - II- 2019, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Lacanja, 16.7896, - 91.10869; 349 m, 21 - VIII- 2008, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Quintín, 16.40469, - 91.3452; 200 m, L. Godínez: 11 - III- 1987, 1 ♀; 10 - III- 1987, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Michoacán: Ario: Las Cañas, 21 km S Ario de Rosales, 19.0878, - 101.7630; 1390, 29 - X- 1987, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Puebla: Cuetzalan del Progreso: 20.01961, - 97.53049; 981 m, - IX- 2014, L. Arroyo, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Jonotla: 20.0544, - 97.5773; 729 m, 2 - I- 2019, I. Pérez, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Oaxaca: San Lucas Ojitlán: Km 23 Jalapa de Díaz-Tuxtepec, 18.139004, - 96.402512; 90 m, 18 - III- 1989, A. Cadena, L. Cervantes, 2 ♂ (CNIN). Santa María Alotepec: 17.11785, - 95.83274: 1084 m, 20 - IV- 2016, L. Reyes, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Chimalapa: Chalchijapa, 17.05416, - 94.65388; 100 m, 24 - III- 1995, J. L. Salinas, 1 ♂ (MZFC). San Isidro La Gringa, 17.10361, - 94.12250, 100 m, J. L. Salinas, 1 - X- 1995, 2 ♀; 2 - X- 1995, 3 ♀; 27 - IX- 1995, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; 28 - VI- 1995, 1 ♀; 29 - IV- 1995, 1 ♀; 29 - IX- 1995, 4 ♀ (MZFC). Santos Reyes Nopala: Nopala, 16.10583, - 97.14499; 459 m, 2 - X- 1990, R. Delgadillo, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Tabasco: Tenosique: Boca del Cerro, 17.44944, - 91.49305; 18 m, - III- 1945, 1 ♂ (CNIN). Javier Rojo Gómez, 17.428056, - 91.45083; 40 m, 23 - VI- 2018, A. Tapia, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Veracruz: Alvarado: Boca del Río, 8 km SE, 19.05182, - 96.01564; 17 m, 21 - VII- 1990, R. Minckley, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San Andrés Tuxtla: Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas; 18.58486, - 95.07405; 148 m, 1984, R. Coates, 1 ♀ (MZFC), 21 - V- 1985, A. Ibarra, 2 ♂; P. Sinaca 1 ♂ (CNIN), 13 - 17 - VII- 1988, L. Cervantes, 1 ♀; 21 - VIII- 1988, H. Rojas, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 2 - V- 1999, N. De Sousa, 1 ♀ (UDLAP), 28 - IV- 2019, J. Mérida, 1 ♂; 2 - V- 2019, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Totutla: El Desengaño, 19.20606, - 96.89909; 1100 m, 21 - II- 2006, 1 ♂; 31 - VII- 2006, 1 ♀ (UDLAP). Loma Araucarias, 19.20987, - 96.89908; 1150, 15 - III- 2006, 1 ♂, 24 - VII- 2006, M. Bonet, 1 ♀ (UDLAP). Commentaries. The type of Xylocopa mexicanorum described by Cockerell (AMNH _ IZC 00323889) was analysed, and presents wings with purple iridescence on the basal and middle part and greenish blue toward the distal region, perhaps due to the preservation of the specimen. This species is very similar to X. griswoldi sp. nov. and for that, in some studies (Ramírez-Freire et al. 2012; Mawdsley 2017) X. griswoldi sp. nov. have been incorrectly determined as X. mexicanorum, which is the only species of the Neoxylocopa in Mexico with scutellum angled in profile (Fig. 38). This species was usually determined based on wing color, such that all bees with wings with predominantly bluish iridescence were considered to be of this species in Mexico, which was an error. Mawdsley (2017) cites a wider distributional range for this species, including some areas of northeastern Mexico and southwestern US besides records from Honduras, however we can not assert the identity of those specimens as one of the main characters that separate a few species is the shape of the scutellum, which is not accounted for in Mawdsley’s study, so according to the specimens we analyzed the species would be restricted to Mexico.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD17FFB9FF429709FA67F9FC.taxon	description	(Figs. 43 – 46, 135)	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD17FFB9FF429709FA67F9FC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Female: Body length, female, approximately 25 mm (according to Mawdsley, 2017); head without elevated ridges or prominences on frons; ocelli below tangent of the eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disc with sparse punctures; wings yellow with copper iridescence; pubescence reddish-brown in genal area, vertex, dorsal and lateral regions of mesosoma, internal region of anterior basitarsus and T 1 (Figs. 43 – 46), otherwise black; integument of terga evenly black; T 1 very densely punctate (punctures separated three or four times their diameter), T 2 and T 3 with dense punctures on discal area (punctures separated by two or more times their diameter), T 4 and T 5 with dense punctures, larger than those on T 1 to T 3; Male: Undescribed.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD17FFB9FF429709FA67F9FC.taxon	description	Description. Female: Black integument, pubescence reddish-brown in genal area, vertex, dorsal and lateral regions of mesosoma, internal region of anterior basitarsus and T 1 (Figs. 43 – 46); approximate body length 25 mm. Head: Clypeus with wide inferior margin unpunctate; throughout the inferior submargin with a depression; lateral and inferolateral areas with densely punctate, separated by approximately their diameter; genal area with dense punctures, separated by three or more times their diameter. Pits posterior to the ocelli of half the diameter of this; vertex with scattered punctures; distance between punctures more of four times their diameter, similar in size as those on clypeus; middle region of vertex without punctures. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area with sparse punctures; wings yellow with copper iridescence. Metasoma: T 1 with very densely punctate (punctures separated three or four times their diameter); T 2 and T 3 with dense punctures on discal area, separated by two or more times their diameter; T 4 and T 5 with dense punctures, larger than those on T 1 to T 3; T 6 with very densely puntuate. Male: Undescribed.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD17FFB9FF429709FA67F9FC.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 135). Recorded from Colombia (Gonzalez & Gonzalez 2009), Costa Rica, and Panama (Pérez 1901; Enderlein 1913; Moure 2012), in the following ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Atlantic isthmus Humid forests, Pacífic isthmus Humid forests, and Mountainous forests of Talamanca. With wide altitudinal distribution from 0 to 3300 m.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD17FFB9FF429709FA67F9FC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 42 ♀: COSTA RICA: Heredia: Sarapiquí: La Virgen, Estación Magsasay, 10.38416, - 84.050; 200 m, 31 - XII- 1991, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Puntarenas: Buenos Aires: Boruca, Vuelta Campana, Río Terraba, Rey Curre, 8.979096, - 83.26380; 300 m, 1 - I- 1992, S. Rojas, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Golfito: Jiménez, P. N. Corcovado, Estación Agujas, 8.53661. - 83.42551; 300 m, 9 - I- 2000, J. A. Azofeita, 2 ♀; 19 - XII- 2005; J. A. Azofeita, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Jiménez, P. N. Corcovado, Quebrada La Bonanza. 8.52713, - 83.44141; 500 m, 25 - I- 2002, J. A. Azofeita, 5 ♀ (MNCR). Jiménez, P. N. Corcovado, Estación Sirena, Playa Sirena, 8.48017, - 83.59128; 1 m, 1 - IV- 1989, R. Blanco, 3 ♀; 1 - X- 1989, G. Fonseca, 1 ♀; 1 - I- 1990, G. Fonseca, 2 ♀; 1 - II- 1990, G. Fonseca, 3 ♀; 1 - VI- 1990, N. Obando, 3 ♀; 1 - VI- 1991, J. C. Saborio, 1 ♀; 1 - I- 1992, G. Fonseca, 6 ♀; 1 - IV- 1992, G. Rodríguez, 2 ♀; 1 - VI- 1993, G. Fonseca, 1 ♀; 1 - I- 1994, G. Fonseca, 1 ♀; 26 - I- 2000, K. Caballero, 1 ♀. Jiménez, Reserva Federal Golfo Dulce, Estación Agujas, 8.53482, - 83.42667; 375 m, A. Azofeita: 2 - I- 1996, 1 ♀; 7 - I- 1998, 3 ♀ (MNCR). Jiménez, Sector La Leona, Cerro Puma, 8.45482, - 83.49503; 100 m, M. Moraga, 1 ♀. Osa: Sierpe, Rancho Quemado, 8.67909, - 83.56671; 200 m, 6 - II- 1994, A. Marin, 1 ♀ (MNCR). San José: Cerro de la Muerte, 9.56094, - 83.74811; 3304 m, 28 - II- 1985, J. Adams, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Commentaries. This is the only species of Neoxylocopa in which females have reddish-brown pubescence on frontal area, genal area, vertex, mesosoma, and T 1. There is few information about this species, and no information on the male. It was not possible to measure specimens. The sonorina species group	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD17FFB9FF429709FA67F9FC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Female and male of majority of species less than 25 mm in length. Female: Frontal area of head without elevated ridges or prominences adjacent to ocelli (as in figs. 47 and 56); Clypeus: lateral areas no protuberant, clypeus densely punctate including discal area. Area below middle ocellus with a well-defined anterior frontal groove as in mexicanorun group; ocelli located below the tangent of the eyes; lateral ocelli with pits on the posterolateral region. Malar area equal than or similar to minimum diameter of F 1; mandible with a notch at the level of the middle tooth (Figs. 57 and 76). Punctation of mesoscutum as in mexicanorum group. Terga as in mexicanorum group. Posterior tibiae: apex of basitibial plate as in mexicanorum group (Figs. 50, 60 and 97). Scutellum noticeably convex (not angled) (Fig. 78). Male: Integument as in mexicanorum group except terga with black bands covering only posterior margin; clypeus and labrum as in mexicanorum group; lateral ocelli below upper margin of eyes; internal distal extreme of hind tibiae with a prominent subapical projection with curved distal extreme defining a concave area (as in figs. 55 and 101), internal surface of hind tibiae with pubescence only on basal region, distal region noticeably bare.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD15FF87FF4290DDFF0BF856.taxon	description	(Figs. 47 – 55, 114 – 116, 136)	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD15FF87FF4290DDFF0BF856.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Mexico, Colima, Revillagigedo Islands, Clarion Island.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD15FF87FF4290DDFF0BF856.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length, female, 18.84 mm (17.92 – 20.29; n = 4); male, 20.56 mm (18.93 – 22.19; n = 2). Female: Head without elevated ridges or prominences on frons; ocelli below tangent of the eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disc densely punctate (punctures separated by one and a half times or less their diameter); wings coppery with some violet iridescence (Fig. 49); pubescence evenly black; integument mostly black except T 1 to T 5 reddish on margin (Fig. 51); T 1 densely punctate on disc (punctures separated by one time or less their diameter), T 2 to T 5 densely punctate (punctures separated by two or three times their diameter); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.33 – 0.62, T 3 0.31 – 0.82, T 4 0.50 – 1.18, T 5 0.64 – 1.29. Male: Terga yellowish-orange, with no bands; metasoma with yellowish-orange pubescence; posterior tibia internal distal extreme with a small robust subapical projection, distally curved, without subapical concave area (Fig. 55); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.99 – 1.42, T 3 1.21 – 1.37, T 4 1.16 – 2.34, T 5 1.40 – 1.99. Tip of the lateral process of gonostylus ending oval-shaped (as broad as shaft of the process) (Fig. 115).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD15FF87FF4290DDFF0BF856.taxon	description	Description. Female: Integument and pubescence usually black; T 1 to T 5 with reddish margin (Fig. 51); wings copper with some violet iridescence (Fig. 49); body length 18.84 mm (17.92 – 20.29; n = 4), length of forewing 16.54 mm (15.66 – 7.72; n = 4), head length 4.88 mm (4.66 – 5.34; n = 4), intertegular distance 5.58 mm (5.37 – 5.98; n = 4), width of T 2 8.67 mm (8.08 – 9.29; n = 4). Head: Clypeus: Inferior margin unpunctate; inferior submargin with a small depression; discal area of clypeus with punctures, separated by approximately twice their diameter; superior, sublateral and inferolateral areas with dense punctures; genal area and vertex with densely punctate, similar in size to those on clypeus, separated by one to two times their diameter. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area densely punctate, separated by one and a half times or less their diameter; scutellum convex in profile. Metasoma: T 1 with densely punctate on discal area, separated by one time or less their diameter; T 2 to T 5 with dense punctures separated by two or three times their diameter; T 6 with dense appressed punctures. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.33 – 0.62, T 3 0.31 – 0.82, T 4 0.50 – 1.18, T 5 0.64 – 1.29. Male: Usually with yellowish-orange integument and pubescence; clypeus with a dark brown middle longitudinal line (Fig. 52); wings light brown (orange), venation reddish-brown; body length 20.56 mm (18.93 – 22.19; n = 2), length of forewing 16.71 mm (15.55 – 16.87; n = 2), head length 4.05 mm (4.04 – 4.06; n = 2), intertegular distance 5.28 mm (5.16 – 5.41; n = 2), width of T 2 9.52 mm (9.37 – 9.66; n = 2). Head: Labrum, with subtriangular-shaped, middle region unpunctate, rest of labrum with scattered punctures. Clypeus with a longitudinal middle line unpunctate; discal area with few punctures; lateral and inferolateral areas with scattered punctures, separated by one and a half or more times their diameter; lateral ocelli located upper the level of the eyes margin; with an area half the diameter of an ocelli unpunctate in the sublateral region; vertex unpunctate on the central region posterior to the ocelli. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and the discal area with densely appressed punctures; hind tibia, internal distal extreme with a small robust subapical projection, distally curved, without subapical concave area; posterior margin of this process with a well-defined laminar margin, almost of a third of the internal posterior margin of the tibia; internal basal surface with abundant long hairs; anterior margin with hairs longer than those on posterior margin (Fig. 55). Metasoma: T 1 with dense, long, plumose hairs, T 2 to T 5 with simple hairs, T 6 and T 7 with a mixture of dense and very long simple and plumose hairs. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.99 – 1.42, T 3 1.21 – 1.37, T 4 1.16 – 2.34, T 5 1.40 – 1.99. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, obtuse (Fig. 116); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, obtuse, barely noticeble (Fig. 115); tip of the lateral process ending on an oval as broad as shaft of the process (Fig. 115).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD15FF87FF4290DDFF0BF856.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 149). Known only for the Clarion Island, in the archipelago of Revillagigedo, Colima, Mexico; endemic to this island.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD15FF87FF4290DDFF0BF856.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 13 ♀ 4 ♂: MEXICO: Colima: Clarion Island: 18.356221, - 114.72535; 122 m, 6 - IX- 1987, R. Medina, S. Martínez, 1 ♂; 5 - XII- 1987, A. Ocampo, 1 ♀, E. Barrera, 2 ♀ 1 ♂; 7 - XII- 1987, A. Ocampo, 1 ♀; 8 - XII- 1987, E. Barrera, 1 ♀; 12 - XII- 1987, A. Ocampo, 2 ♀; 09 - 22 - XI- 1988, A. García, J. L. Colin, A. Cadena, 6 ♀ 2 ♂ (CNIN). Commentaries. Considering the color of the wings and integument in females, this species may be morphologically close to X. sonorina, but it can be separated principally by its size, as it is much smaller and because the T 1 to T 5 have a broad reddish submarginal band, present in all specimens examined. In males, diagnostic character are present on the internal region of the hind tibia, as well as on the genitalia, which allows for recognizing it as a species.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD28FF80FF4296F0FC6AFDA9.taxon	description	(Figs. 56 – 65, 117 – 119, 137) ZooBank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 9 E 033 A 34 - BE 1 C- 42 F 8 - 88 DC- 938 AE 3 AEC 9 B 8	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD28FF80FF4296F0FC6AFDA9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length, female, 24.48 mm (22.84 – 25.50; n = 5); male, 25.51 mm (23.95 – 27.19; n = 3). Female: Head without elevated ridges or prominences on frons; ocelli below tangent of the eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disc densely punctate (puncture separation one to one and a half puncture diameters); wings dark-brown with purple iridescence, bluish toward base and papillate region (Fig. 59); pubescence evenly black; integument of terga evenly black; T 1 densely punctate on disc (punctures separated by one or less puncture diameter), T 2 to T 4 sparsely punctate (punctures separated by three or four times their diameter) (Fig. 61); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.22 – 0.54, T 3 0.28 – 0.56, T 4 0.51 – 0.84, T 5 0.71 – 1.07. Male: Terga yellowish-orange, without bands; metasoma with yellowish-orange pubescence; posterior tibia internal distal extreme with prominent subapical projection, with curved distal extreme and elevated rounded margin defining a concave area; posterior margin of this process with a laminar margin on almost one third of the posterior margin of the tibia (Fig. 65); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.41 – 0.92, T 3 0.73 – 1.31, T 4 0.89 – 1.31, T 5 1.01 – 1.32; tip of the lateral process of the gonostylus ending oval-shaped (as broad as shaft of the process) (Fig. 118).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD28FF80FF4296F0FC6AFDA9.taxon	description	Description. Holotype: Female: Body length 24.48 mm (22.84 – 25.50; n = 5), length of forewing 21.25 mm (20.40 – 21.62; n = 5), head length 5.77 mm (5.62 – 5.95; n = 5), intertegular distance 7.04 mm (6.38 – 7.48; n = 5), width of T 2 11.16 mm (10.43 – 11.84; n = 5). Head: Mandibles bidentate, apical tooth longer and wider than the internal, defined by a notch (Fig. 57). Labrum with three tubercles, the middle narrower than the lateral ones. Ocelli located below the upper margin of the eyes; frontal anterior groove anterior to the middle ocellus well-defined unpunctate, initating with a diameter equal to the width of the ocellus, diminishing to end in a middle elevation between the antennal sockets; pits on areas sublateral to the posterior ocelli of half the diameter of the ocelli. Vertex elevated above the upper margin of the eyes. Mesosoma: Scutellum convex in lateral view. Metanotum and propodeum vertical. Posterior tibia with basitibial plate toward the middle region, with two asymetrical spiniform projections with similar width (Fig. 60), with a small notch between them; the anterior projection sharp, the posterior rounded, continuing along the posterior margin. Metasoma: T 1 with vertical folds with foveate surface. Color: Integument usually black; holotype and some paratypes with T 2 to T 4 with reddish integument on the subapical margin. Antennae with distal extreme of scape and pedicel reddish. Wings with iridescence magenta, with some of bluish on the base and papillate region. S 1 to S 5 with reddish distal margin. Punctures: Head: Clypeus with inferior margin unpunctate; in some paratypes submargin anterior with a small depression; superior área toward subapical margin with dense punctures, a bit more separated in discal area; inferolateral areas with punctures smaller and scattered; supraclipeal area and vertex densely punctate, of similar size as those on clypeus. Genal area with densely punctate on inferior areas, separated by one and a half times or more their diameter on the middle and upper regions. Mesosoma: Scutum unpunctate on discal area; between the parapsidal line and discal area with dense punctures, separated by one to one and a half times their diameter; middle anterior region of mesoscutum with dense punctures. Scutellum with few punctures on middle region, in contrast to lateral and posterior regions densely punctate. Metanotum densely punctate, separated by two or more times their diameter, shallower than on scutellum. Mesepisternum and mesoesternal area densely punctate. Tegulae mostly unpunctate, but with dense punctures toward the anterior region. Propodeum with dense superimposed punctures. Metasoma: T 1 densely punctate on discal area, separated by 1 time or less their diameter; T 2 to T 4 with punctures on discal area separated by three or four times their diameter; T 5 and T 6 densely punctate. S 1 to S 5 densely punctate on middle to subapical regions; apical margin unpunctate. Pubescence: Mostly black, except on antennae, on the extreme apical of surface anterior of F 1 to F 10, which has very short dark brown hairs, and on middle distal extreme of T 6 which has simple reddish hairs. Head: Vertex and genal area with mixed of simple and branched hairs, the latter shorter than the former. Mesosoma: In general with dense pubescence, except on disc of the scutum; the hairs plumose and simple; with some long simple hairs on posterior area of scutellum. Fore legs with long hairs on posterior margin; short hairs on anterior margin of fore, middle, and hind legs. Metasoma: Discal area of T 1 with plumose hairs; discal and sublateral areas of T 2 to T 4 with simple short hairs; T 5 with long hairs on discal area; T 6 with very dense pubescence; lateral regions of T 1 to T 6 with long dense and Plumose pubescence. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.22 – 0.54, T 3 0.28 – 0.56, T 4 0.51 – 0.84, T 5 0.71 – 1.07. Sternites with simple hairs on apical and subapical areas. Male: Body length 25.51 mm (23.95 – 27.19; n = 3), length of forewing 20.01 mm (19.29 – 20.42; n = 3), head length 4.55 mm (4.39 – 4.78; n = 3), intertegular distance 6.59 mm (6.23 – 6.91; n = 3), width of T 2 11.46 mm (11.10 – 12.09; n = 3). Head: Mandibles bidentate; apical tooth longer and wider than internal. Labrum with a tubercle on the middle region. Lateral ocelli above the ocular margin; frontal groove well defined, unpunctate, initating with diameter equal to the anterior ocellus, diminishing to end in a middle (not strong) elevation between the antennal sockets. Pits on sublateral areas posterior to the ocelli, of half the diameter of the ocelli. Vertex elevated above the upper margin of eyes. Mesosoma: Hind tibia, basitibial plate with a spiniform projection toward the middle region; tibial spur thin; internal distal extreme of posterior tibia as described in diagnosis (Fig. 65). Metasoma: T 1 with a vertical fold with foveate surface. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, obtuse (Fig. 119); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, obtuse, barely noticeble (Fig. 118); tip of the lateral process ending on an oval as broad as shaft of the process (Fig. 118). Color: Integument in general yellowish-orange. Head: Integument brown light to dark on margins of labrum, clypeus, subantenal sutures, and posterior margin of antennae. Mesosoma: yellowish on anterior and lateral areas of tegulae and sclerite of wings. Mesepisternum and mesoesternal area black. Legs, coxae, and femurs brawn light to dark. Wings light brown (or orange); veins light brown to reddish. Metasoma: T 1 to T 6 with yellowish-orange hairs; T 7 with more light hairs than yellowish ones. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.41 – 0.92, T 3 0.73 – 1.31, T 4 0.89 – 1.31, T 5 1.01 – 1.32. Sternites with light brown distal margin. Punctures: Head: Labrum: With wide subtriangular middle area unpunctate; submarginal and marginal areas unpuctate; rest of labrum with scattered punctures. Clypeus: with narrow middle longitudinal line unpunctate to the discal region which has few punctures; rest of clypeus with densely punctate separated by one and a half times or more their diameter; supraclipeal, paraocular, and genal areas with dense similar sized punctures; area unpunctate on sublateral region of the posterior ocelli. Vertex with area unpunctate on middle region, the rest densely punctate. Mesosoma: Scutum unpunctate on discal area; between the parapsidal line and discal area densely punctate, separated by one to one and a half times their diameter. Scutellum with small punctures on discal area, in contrast to lateral and posterior regions which have dense punctures. Mesepisternum and mesoesternal area densely punctate. Tegulae mostly without punctures, but with dense punctures on the anterior region. Propodeum with dense shallow punctures. Metasoma: Terga with dense uniform punctures. Discal area with punctures separated by one to one and a half times their diameter. Pubescence: Hind tibia: internal surface with long somewhat sparse hairs on basal region; internal anterior margin with long hairs, denser on apical region; internal posterior margin with long and short pubescence (Fig. 65).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD28FF80FF4296F0FC6AFDA9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated to Dr. Terry Griswold, a good friend, in recognition of his work as bee taxonomist. Also, for the comments and suggestions expressed during this study.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD28FF80FF4296F0FC6AFDA9.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 137). Present in the southern United States in Texas, as well as in northwestern Mexico, along the coastal slope of the Gulf of Mexico, between the states of Nuevo León, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz, in the following ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Scrubland of the Central Mexican Plateau, Mesoamerican mangroves of the Gulf and Carribean, Humid forests of Petén-Veracruz, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mezquital Tamaulipeco, Humid forests of Veracruz, and Coastal grasslands of the Occidental Gulf. Altitudinal distribution from 6 to 1331 m.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD28FF80FF4296F0FC6AFDA9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype (♀): Cañón de la Huasteca / Sta. Catarina N. L. Méx [Nuevo León, Mexico] / 0 4 - IV- 2010 / L. Ramírez Freire // Zona de disturbio / en Caesalpinia mexicana / Clave 33 - Cm- 2 / Xylocopa mexicanorum ♀ / Det. LRF 6 - V- 2011 // [Red label] HOLOTYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): Cam. Raíces-La Trinidad / Allende N. L. Méx [Nuevo León, Mexico] / 22 - II- 2009 / L. Ramírez-Freire // Zona de disturbio / en Caesalpinia mexicana / Clave S-Cm- 2 / Xylocopa mexicanorum ♂, / Det. LRF 6 - V- 2011 // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): MEXICO: Nuevo Leon / 31.5 km SW Linares / 750 m / 24 March 1991 / R. Brooks, R. Leschen // Coll. No. 66 / ex. Caesalpinia mexicana // SEMC 1247659 / KUNHM-ENT [BARCODE] // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (SEMC). Paratype (♀): Cañón de la Huasteca / Sta. Catarina N. L. Méx [Nuevo León, Mexico] / 04 - IV- 2010 / L. Ramírez Freire // Zona de disturbio / en Caesalpinia mexicana / Clave 33 - Cm- 1 / Xylocopa mexicanorum / Det. LRF 6 V 2011 // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): Ej. El Popote [Mexico, Nuevo León, Linares, Ejido el Popote] [handwritten] / Linares NL [handwritten] / 31.3. 87 F. Caldera [handwritten] // En Cercidium / macrum / 13 f [handwritten] // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (CNIN). Paratype (♀): Gral. Teran [Mexico, Nuevo León, General Terán] / 11. VII. 84 [handwritten] / Xy- locops [handwritten] // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (CNIN). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 38326 Mex. SLP [Mexico, San Luis Potosí] / [QR code] / Alaquines / 1331 m / 22.02 N; 99.51 W / 15 / 8 / 2013 / Jorge Mérida // ECO-TAP-E- 104642 / Méx. SLP, Alaquines / 1331 m / 22.02180 N 99.52490 W / 15 / 8 / 2013 10: 00 / Col. Jorge Mérida // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 38327 Mex. SLP [Mexico, San Luis Potosí] / / [QR code] / Alaquines / 1331 m / 22.02 N; 99.51 W / 15 / 8 / 2013 / Jorge Mérida // ECO-TAP-E- 104641 / Méx. SLP, Alaquines / 1331 m / 22.02180 N 99.52490 W / 15 / 8 / 2013 10: 00 / Col. Jorge Mérida // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): México, San Luis Potosí / Ciudad Valles / Laguna del / Mante. 28 - mar- 2018 13 / Col: R. García Santiago / T. Col: Alumbrado doméstico / Hora de colecta: 11: 00 am // Anthophoridae / Der: C. Ramírez-Salinas y E. J. / Velázquez Cruz / 9 - jul- 2018 // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♂): Tamazunchale / San Luis Potosi / Mex / Coll. J. Adams [handwritten] // SMO 444307 / KUNHM-ENT [Barcode] // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (SEMC). Paratype (♀): MEXICO: Veracruz / Catemaco / 16 - VI- 1989 / L. Cervantes / A. Cadena // Xylocopa / (Nexylocopa) mexicanorum / Cockerell 1912 / Det. I. Hinojosa 2015 // 6073 [QR code] // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (CNIN). TEXAS [United States]: Kenedy Co., 5 km / N Sarita, 16 Aug. 1988 / D. Yanega // nesting in palm [handwritten] // SEMC 1231820 / KUNHM-ENT [Barcode] // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (SEMC). Paratype (♂): TX Hidalgo Co [United States] / Weslaco / 1991 // E A Sugden / colr // Xylocopa / ♂ mexicanorum [handwritten] / det. K. T. Huntzinger // Xylocopa mexicanorum / ♂ det. K. T. Huntzinger / BBSL 808124 [QR code] // [Yellow label] PARA- TYPE / Xylocopa griswoldi / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (BBSL) Additional material examined. UNITED STATES. Texas: Cameron: 13.4 mi E Brownsville, 25.96256, - 97.29468; 6 m, 17 - VII- 1962, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Brownsville, 25.90156, - 97.49604; 10 m, 27 - V- 1989, D. Yanega, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Hidalgo: 26.10035, - 98.26306; 33 m, 18 - VII- 1954, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Los Fresnos, 26.07174, - 97.47637: 7 m, 2 - IV- 1957, G. R. Ferguson, 1 ♂ (BBSL). McAllen Valley, Bot. Garden, 26.20870, - 98.26650; 41 m, 12 - VIII- 1980, C. C. Porter, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge, 26.0697, - 98.145; 32 m, 22 - IV- 1989, E. A. Sugden, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Southmost, 25.8872, - 97.4359; 8 m, 13 - IV- 1950, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Weslaco, 26.1592, - 97.9906; 26 m, 23 - III- 1989, E. A. Sugden, 1 ♀ (BBSL). MEXICO: Nuevo León: Linares: Linares, 31.5 km SW, 24.750016, - 99.797853, 750 m, 24 - III- 1991, R. Brooks, R. Leschen, 4 ♀ (SEMC). Querétaro: Landa de Matamoros: Hwy 120 (km 220) at La Sierrita, 21.29027, - 99.22222; 1270 m, 8 - VII- 1990, I. Yarom, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San Luis Potosí: Ciudad Valles: Ciudad Valles 2 km N, 22.026162, - 99.013687; 157 m, 15 - III- 1983, A. James, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Ciudad Valles, 20 km S, 21.85315, - 98.94279: 59 m, 2 - VIII- 1971, D. W. Davis, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Valles, 28 mi N, 22.38895, - 99.057269; 257 m, 21 - VII- 1954, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tamaulipas: Antiguo Morelos: Antiguo Morelos, 9 km NE, 22.607978, - 99.021375; 248 m, D. Yanega, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Cruillas: Ciudad Victoria, km 164 Hwy 101, 24.51002, - 98.28964; 244 m, 9 - V- 1989, Cameron & Whitfield, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Gómez Farías: San Juan, Hwy 85 N of Ciudad Mante, 22.99638, - 99.03166; 90 m, 26 - VII- 1969, Ramírez & Kamm, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Llera: 23.31677, - 99.02467; 277 m, 19 - VII- 1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped., 3 ♀ (SEMC). Nuevo Morelos: Antiguo Morelos, 9 mi W, 22.54344, - 99.20254; 271, 6 - IV- 1953, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tampico: 22.26895, - 97.8642; 16 m, 10 - VI- 1951, H. Evans, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Veracruz: Alvarado: 18.78010, - 95.77546; 15 m, 15 - II- 1954, R. Dreisbach, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Castillo de Teayo: La Guadalupe, 4.2 km S, on Hwy 180, 20.73442, - 97.60918; 153, 25 - VII- 1990, I. Yarom, 4 ♀ (SEMC). Orizaba: 18.8455, - 97.1029; 1235 m, 13 - II- 1954, R. Dreisbach, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Panuco: 22.05041, - 98.18497; 16 m, 26 - II- 1972, F. D. Parker, D. Miller, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Commentaries. Several studies (Ayala 1996; Minckley 1988; Mawdsley 2017) have erroneously identified specimens of this species as belonging to X. mexicanorum. It may be distinguished from X. mexicanorum by its convex and rounded scutellum in lateral view as well as its wing color, with magenta iridescence, bluish toward the base and papillate region throughout its distribution. According to our study X. griswoldi and X. gualanensis females differ in the punctation density on the discal area of T 2 (Fig. 61) while males differ in the clypeal mid-line and the distal process of the inner surface of the hind tibia (Fig. 65).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD2CFF8BFF4294E9FB47FD11.taxon	description	(Figs. 66 – 74, 120 – 122, 138)	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD2CFF8BFF4294E9FB47FD11.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length, female, 21.56 mm (17.19 – 23.86; n = 5); male, 21.53 mm (20.29 – 21.93; n = 5). Female: Head without elevated ridges or prominences on frons; ocelli below tangent of the eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disc with scattered punctures (separated by two or more times their diameter); wings bluish with purple iridescence basally and on middle area, papillate region with dark green iridescence (Fig. 69); pubescence evenly black; T 1 densely punctate on discal area (punctures separated by one diameter or less), T 2 and T 3 less densely punctate (punctures separated by two or three diameters) (Fig. 70); T 4 with punctures separated by three or more times their diameter; length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.25 – 0.37, T 3 0.29 – 0.60, T 4 0.44 – 0.88, T 5 0.57 – 1.08. Male: Terga yellowish-orange, without bands; metasoma with yellowish-orange pubescence; Posterior tibia internal distal extreme with prominent subapical projection, recurved distally defining a evident concave area; posterior margin of this process with a well-defined laminar margin of almost a third of the internal posterior margin of the tibia (Fig. 74); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.27 – 0.51, T 3 0.72 – 1.17, T 4 0.67 – 1.58, T 5 0.90 – 1.58. Tip of the lateral process of gonostylus ending oval-shaped (as broad as shaft of the process).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD2CFF8BFF4294E9FB47FD11.taxon	description	Description. Female: Integument and pubescence usually black; wings bluish with purple iridescence on basal and middle areas; papillate region with dark green iridescence (Fig. 69); venation black. Body length 21.56 mm (17.19 – 23.86; n = 5); length of forewing 18.31 mm (17.13 – 20.19; n = 5); length of head 5.31 mm (4.94 – 5.67; n = 5); intertegular distance 6.56 mm (5.95 – 6.97; n = 5); width of T 2 9.62 mm (8.46 – 10.26; n = 5) Head: Clypeus, genal area and vertex with densely punctate. Mesosoma: between the parapsidal line and discal area with scattered punctures, separated by two or more times their diameter; scutellum convex in profile. Metasoma: T 1 with dense punctures on discal area, separated by one time or less their diameter. T 2 and T 3 with dense punctures, separated by two or three times their diameter; T 4 with punctures separated by three or more times their diameter; T 5 and T 6 with dense appressed punctures. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.25 – 0.37, T 3 0.29 – 0.60, T 4 0.44 – 0.88, T 5 0.57 – 1.08. Male: Integument and pubescence yellowish-orange. Head: Clypeus with a dark brown middle longitudinal line that reaches the discal region (Fig. 71). Wings light brown (orange), venation brown light to reddish. Body length 21.53 mm (20.29 – 21.93; n = 5); length of forewing 17.19 mm (16.28 – 17.86; n = 5); head length 3.94 mm (3.82 – 4.02; n = 5); intertegular distance 6.03 mm (5.68 – 6.63; n = 5); width of T 2 9.75 mm (9.35 – 9.94; n = 5). Head: Labrum with narrow triangular middle unpunctate area; scattered punctures on the submargin half of the labrum; marginal areas unpunctate. Clypeus: lower margin unpunctate; disc with very scattered punctures; rest of clypeus with scattered punctures, separated one and a half times or more their diameter. Supraclipeal area, paraocular areas, and genal area with dense punctures, similar in size to those on clypeus. With an unpunctate area posterior to the ocelli, of half diameter of the ocelli. Vertex with unpunctate area on the middle; rest of vertex with densely punctate. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area densely punctate, separated by one to one and a half times their diameter. Hind tibia: internal distal extreme with a prominent subapical projection, with recurved distal extreme definining a very evident concave area; posterior margin of this process with a well-defined laminar margin of almost a third of the internal posterior margin of the tibia; internal surface hairless; anterior margin with long hairs, denser and shorter in the apical region; posterior margin with shorter pubescence with long and short hairs (Fig. 74). Metasoma: T 2 to T 6 with a narrow middle longitudinal line unpunctate; T 1 to T 7 with densely uniform punctate, separated by approximately twice their diameter. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.27 – 0.51, T 3 0.72 – 1.17, T 4 0.67 – 1.58, T 5 0.90 – 1.58. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, acute (Fig. 122); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, obtuse, barely noticeble (Fig. 121); tip of the lateral process ending on an oval as broad as shaft of the process (Fig. 121). Variation. Throughout the distribución, both sexes present variation in body size and wing iridescence, in the female from dark blue with greenish, to blue and violet with greenish iridescence; the iridescence in the papillate region is green; or wings magenta similar to those of X. griswoldi sp. nov. may be a complex of cryptic species, to demostrate this would require molecular studies as well as studies of their distribution.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD2CFF8BFF4294E9FB47FD11.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 138). Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, in the following ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Dry forests of the Balsas, Dry forests of Central America, Mountainous forests of Central America, Pine-oak forests of Central America, Central Mexican Scrubland, Dry forests of the depresion of Chiapas, Seasonal humid forests of Costa Rica, Pacífic isthmus Humid forests, Dry forests of Jalisco, Mesoamerican-Caribbean Gulf, Spiny scrubland of the Motagua valley, Mangroves of the Mesoamerican Pacific north, Swamps of Centla, Humid forests of Petén-Veracruz, Humid forests of the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre del Sur, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Dry forests of Sinaloa, Mangroves of the South Pacífic of Mesoamerica, Dry forests of the South Pacific, Pine-oak forests of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, and Scrubland of the Tehuacán Valley. Broad altitudinal distribution: 0 to 2132 masl.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD2CFF8BFF4294E9FB47FD11.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 680 ♀ 28 ♂: COSTA RICA: 3 ♀ (MZUCR); Alajuela: Palmares: Zaragoza, 10.03955, - 84.42252; 998 m, 6 - V- 2007, F. Ruíz, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). Guanacaste: Finca Montezuma, 3 km SE Río Naranjo, 10.66409, - 85.09720; 452 m, 19 - V- 1993, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Hacienda Palo Verde, 2 km E, 10.34990, - 85.33169; 42 m, - 1 - 1974, K. H. Keeler, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Bagaces: Guanacaste 2.5 km E de Bagaces, 10.51667, - 85.23334; 40 m, 22 - XI- 2001, J. Weng, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Lomas de Barbudal, 10.46667, - 85.35001; 90 m, 18 - XI- 2001, F. Umaña, 1 ♀; A. Soto, 1 ♀ (MNCR). P. N. Palo Verde, Sector Palo Verde, 10.36667, - 85.38326; 107 m, 8 - II- 2000, I. Jímenez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Cañas: 10.42670, - 85.09590; 85 m, 14 - XI- 1971, F. Cordero, 2 ♀ 2 ♂ (BBSL). Cañas, 14 km S, EJN, 10.30, - 85.0956, 36 m, 8 - III- 1988, F. D. Parker: 15 ♀, 9 - VII- 1988, 1 ♀; 24 - III- 1989, 1 ♀; 7 - V- 1989, 2 ♀; 28 - X- 1989, 1 ♀; 11 - I- 1990, 1 ♀; 15 - II- 1990, 1 ♀ 1 ♂; 1 - IV- 1990, 2 ♀; 20 - VII- 1990, 1 ♂; 1 - VIII- 1990, 5 ♀; 1 - X- 1990, 1 ♀; 16 - III- 1991, 1 ♀; 12 - II- 1991, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Cañas, 4 km N, 10.46554, - 85.09310; 97 m, 15 - II- 1966, D. Janzen, 1 ♀ (SEMC). La Pacifica, 4 km NW Cañas, 10.48349, - 85.13790; 75 m, 20 - VI- 1971, F. Cordero, 1 ♂; 15 - XI- 1971, F. Cordero, 1 ♀; P. A. Opler, 1 ♀; 1 - III- 1974, P. A. Opler, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Carrillo: Playas del Coco, 10.54694, - 85.69388; 15 m, 23 - IV- 1961, A. Wille, 1 ♀ (MZUCR), 10 - VII- 1965, S. J. Arnold, 1 ♀, 14 - VII- 1965, S. J. Arnold, 1 ♀; 21 - VIII- 1965, S. J. Arnold, 1 ♀ (EBCH). La Cruz: P. N. Guanacaste, Agua Buena, 11.03366, - 85.57695; 220 m, 1 - II- 1992, 1 ♀ (MNCR). P. N. Guanacaste, Cerro el Hacha, 10.89985, - 85.57733; 400 m, 11 - I- 1988, A. Solís, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Santa Elena, Finca Jenny, 10.86551, - 85.57354; 200 m, 1 - IX- 1988, 2 ♀; 1 - X- 1988, 19 ♀; 1 - XI- 1988, 4 ♀; 1 - XII- 1988, 9 ♀; 1 - III- 1989, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Liberia: Curubandé, 16.4 km NE Liberia, 10.71667, - 85.38334; 360 m, 22 - XI- 2001, C. Godoy, 1 ♀; J. Weng, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Mayorga, Río Góngora, 10.88623, - 85.47209; 600 m, 1 - VI- 1992, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Nacascolo, P. N. S. R., Playa Naranjo, 10.80271, - 85.67479; 1 m, 1 - XII- 1990, E. Alcazar, 1 ♀ (MNCR). P. N. Sta. Rosa, Estación Santa Rosa, 10.83641, - 85.61549; 300 m, 1 - II- 1992, R. Moraga, 3 ♀; D. Brenes, 1 ♀; 1 - VI- 1992, Hayata, 3 ♀ (MNCR). Sector Las Pailas, 4.5 km SW del Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, 10.77678, - 85.35191; 800 m, 23 - IX- 1992, C. Cano, 1 ♀; 5 - VIII- 1994, D. García, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Nicoya: San Antonio, 3 km NO de Nacaome, P. N. Barra Honda, 10.16822, - 85.37366, 100 m, 1 - II- 1997, M. Reyes, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Santa Cruz: Cuajiniquil W, 10.07560, - 85.66249; 250 m, 12 - II- 1995, T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Santa Cruz, R. V. S. Bosque Diriá, Poza Redonda, 10.17374, - 85.59589; 150 m, 24 - XI- 1988, R. Bartón, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Tilarán: Santa Rosa Biological Station, 10.83641, - 85.61549; 300 m, 10 - III- 1986, W. Wcislo, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Santa Rosa National Park, headquarters area, 10.83409, - 85.61329; 280 m, 12 - II- 1995, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Limón: Pococí: Colorado, Estación Cuatro Esquinas, 10.53955, - 83.50648; 7 m, 1 - IV- 1989, R. Aguilar, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Puntarenas: Estación San Miguel, 3 km. NW de Cabo Blanco, 9.58121, - 85.13671; 50 m, 1 - X- 1993, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Golfito, 8.63920, - 83.16240; 130 m, 10 - IV- 1991, F. D. Parker, J. B. Welch, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Isla San Lucas, Puesto Isla San Lucas, 9.94652, - 84.90556; 0 m, 7 - III- 2005, Y. Cárdenas, 2 ♀; J. A. Azofeita, 4 ♀ (MNCR). Paquera, Isla Pan de Azúcar, 9.92643, - 84.90411; 0 m, 29 - XI- 2005, J. A. Azofeita, 2 ♀ (MNCR). San José: Escazú: 9.91670, - 84.13330; 1100 m, 31 - I- 1988, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀; 14 - I- 1989, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Hatillo 3, 9.91649, - 84.10458; 1100 m, 4 - IV- 2000, M. Law, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). San Francisco de dos Ríos, 9.9166, - 84.04989; 1100 m, - IV- 1988, A. Bernecker, 1 ♀; P. Wiesner, 1 ♀; 30 - VIII- 1994, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). Montes de Oca, 9.93651, - 84.04882; 1200 m, 3 - I- 1984, 1 ♀; - V- 1996, B. Roberto, 1 ♀ (MZUCR). GUATEMALA; Chimaltenango: Finca el Recuerdo, 14.475, - 91.122; 483 m, 23 - II- 2010, C. L. Yurrita, 1 ♀ (CANG). Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos, 14.58441, - 90.55345; 1487 m, 2016, G. Quiñones, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Huehuetenango: La Democracia: Cajuil, 15.63746, - 91.78722; 1026 m, 2 - III- 2010, J. Mérida, 1 ♂ (CANG), 18 - XI- 2010, 9: 00 h, O. Argüello, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Pinalito, 15.6653, - 91.8618; 963 m, 2 - III- 2010, 8: 50 h, M. Cigarroa, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Antonio Huista: Miralvalle, 15.66789, - 91.95520; 1127 m, 8 - V- 2010, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Jutiapa: El Progreso: Hacienda el Tabacal, 14.90908, - 89.99188; 293 m, E. Enriquez, 2 - III- 2005, 1 ♀; 5 - XII- 2007, 1 ♀ (CANG). Retalhuleu: Champerico: 1.3 mi E, 14.29017, - 91.88639; 10 m, 17 - VII- 1966, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Retalhuleu, 5 mi W, 14.57312, - 91.76502; 232 m, 19 - VII- 1966, D. Janzen, 1 ♂ (SEMC). San Marcos: Nuevo Progreso, 14.80588, - 91.907277; 770 m, 25 - II- 2010, O. Martínez, Vernonia deppeana, 1 ♀ (CANG). Zacapa: Río Hondo, El Senegal, 15.220832, - 89.632628; 1077 m, 1 - III- 2005, E. Enriquez (CANG). Teculután: 7 km W, 14.96972, - 89.77520; 261 m, 25 - VI- 1993, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, 1 ♀ (SEMC). HONDURAS: Francisco Morazán: Zamorano: 14.06600, - 86.38352; 461 m, 5 - V- 1964, G. A. Axtell, 1 ♀ (BBSL). MEXICO: Chiapas: 3 ♀ 3 ♂. Acacoyagua: Rosario Zacatonales, 15.43365, - 92.65051; 915 m, 28 - V. 2005, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Amatenango de la Frontera: 15.4380, - 92.1212; 1069 m, 1 - XI- 2018, P. Sagot, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Ángel Albino Corzo: Jerusalén, 15.77486, - 92.64197; 885 m, 3 - XI- 2017, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Arriaga: Ejido Adolfo López Mateos, 16.32131, - 93.98319; 368 m, 20 - I- 2009, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 23 - I- 2009, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; 10 - III- 2009, C. Balboa, 3 ♀; M. Cigarroa, 3 ♀; M. Guzmán, 3 ♀; 13 - III- 2009, J. Mérida, 1 ♀; M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 22 - V- 2009, M. Guzmán, 2 ♀; 17 - VII- 2009, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; 17 - XI- 2009, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 20 - XI- 2009, C. Balboa, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Paraje Poza Verde, 16.34207, - 93.95440; 466 m, 24 - I- 2009, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 20 - V- 2009, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; 18 - XI- 2009, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Chiapa de Corzo: Nicolás Bravo, 16.50111, - 92.98249; 440 m, 10 - III- 2016, 8: 40 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Comitán de Domínguez: 16.25111, - 92.13416; 1643 m, 31 - III- 2016, 7: 25 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Frontera Comalapa: Los Laureles, 15.88592, - 92.11727; 575 m, 31 - III- 2016, 9: 35 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Huehuetán: 15.01789, - 92.39390; 86 m, 14 - I- 1988, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). La Concordia: Carretera 157, El Diamante, 16.10692, - 92.87352, 579 m, 2 - III- 2916, 15: 08 h, P. Sagot, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). La Trinitaria: 15.9302, - 91.9860; 773 m, 3 - XI- 2018, 10: 05 h, P. Sagot, 3 ♂ 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carretera La Campana-Malpaso, 16.0271, - 92.05389; 769 m, 16 - XI- 2011, 9: 15 h, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). El Progreso, 16.1143, - 91.8704; 1470 m, 21 - V- 2011, E. Pineda, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Francisco de Asís, 16.0118, - 92.0267; 767 m, 16 - XI- 2011, 8: 00 h, J-Mérida, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Mapastepec: Unión Los Olivos-orilla del río, 15.5219, - 92.7996; 315 m, 28 - V- 2005, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀, 23 - X- 2006, M. Cigarroa, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Mazapa de Madero: 15.4111, - 92.1619; 890 m, 1 - XI- 2018, 15: 05 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Mazatán: Barra San José, 14.92230, - 92.62698; 6 m, 2 - II- 2019, 9: 20 h, G. Mera, 2 ♀; I. Pérez, 3 ♀; P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Mazatán, 14.85849, - 92.45159; 22 m, 20 - VI- 1988, M. Cigarroa, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Motozintla de Mendoza: Río de Motozintla, 15.3827, - 92.2208; 1170 m, 2 - XI- 2018, 8: 00 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). 3 km SW de Motozintla, 15.35, - 92.25; 1470 m, 20 - IV- 1993, J. L. Neff, Jacaranda mimosifolia, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Ocozocoautla: 8.1 km N Nuevo México S de Ocozocoautla, 16.69761, - 93.41156; 773 m, 11 - IV- 1993, C. Mendoza, Lonchocarpus sp, 2 ♀ (EBCH). Palenque: 17.51000, - 91.98149; 78 m, 10 - IX- 1974, G. E. Bohart, W. Hanson, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Pijijiapan: Carr. 200, 15.71307, - 93.23767; 78 m, 1 - II- 2019, 14: 00 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Solo Dios, 15.66695, - 93.42535; 9 m, 1 - II- 2019, 11: 25 h, I. Pérez, 5 ♀ (ECOAB). Suchiate: Cosalapa, 14.63969, - 92.26749; 10 m, 16 - I- 1990, J. Sibaja, 1 ♀; 17 - I- 1990, J. Sibaja, 3 ♀; 24 - I- 1990, A. Aquino, 3 ♀; J. Sibaja, 2 ♀; 23 - XI- 1990, J. Sibaja, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Tapachula: 36.7 km N Tapachula, 15.103, - 92.3097; 440 m, 17 - IV- 1993, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Carretera Jaritas, 14.78299, - 92.36790; 30 m, 17 - I- 1990, J. Sibaja, 1 ♀; 19 - I- 1990, A. Aquino, 1 ♀; 24 - I- 1990, A. Aquino, 1 ♀; J. Sibaja, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Col. Seminarista, 14.89279, - 92.24909; 152 m, 26 - IV- 1992, A. Aquino, 1 ♀; 23 - I- 1997, A. Aquino, 1 ♀; 18 - II- 1997, A. Aquino, 1 ♀; 23 - III- 1997, A. Aquino, 1 ♀; 8 - IV- 1997, A. Aquino, 1 ♀; 8 - VII- 1997, M. Vargas, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Ecosur 14.88669, - 92.28660; 127 m, 4 - XI- 1992, 12: 00 h, A. Aquino, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Finca Pumpuapa, 14.92638, - 92.36361; 48 m, 25 - II- 1987, 9: 15 h, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Joaquín Miguel Gutiérrez, 14.74328, - 92.31274; 28 m, 3 - VII- 2014 9: 00 h, M. Guzmán 1 ♀; 8 - V- 2015, 9: 00 h, J. Ruíz, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Lagartero, 14.8277, - 92.2638; 80 m, 3 - XII- 1986, R. Balbuena, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Panteón Jardín, 14.8942, - 92.2472; 156 m, 1 - VII- 1997, A. Aquino, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Rancho Santa Teresita, 14.9048, - 92.3144; 102 m, 10 - VIII- 1987, L. Mendoza, 4 ♀ (ECOAB). Tapachula, 14.88669, - 92.28660; 127 m, 29 - VIII- 1986, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Teopisca: 16.53045, - 92.46939; 1776 m, 13 - IV- 1993, C. Mendoza, Wigandia kunthii, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tonalá: Ejido Nueva Costa Rica, 16.1352, - 93.6824; 408 m, 19 - I- 2009, C. Balboa, 5 ♀; 22 - I- 2009, C. Balboa, 1 ♀; 9 - III- 2009, P. Sagot, 2 ♀; 18 - V- 2009, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 14 - IX- 2009, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 16 - XI- 2009, C. Balboa, 4 ♀ (ECOAB). El Madresal, 15.80021, - 93.60083; 7 m, 19 - XI- 2017, 10: 00 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Manglar, 15.87592, - 93.71470; 5 m, 31 - I- 2019, 13: 20 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Puerto Arista, 15.94839, - 93.83723; 5 m, 31 - 1 - 2019, G. Mera, 1 ♀; I. Pérez, 4 ♀; P. Sagot, 6 ♀ (ECOAB). Puerto Arista, 15.94282, - 93.82458; 6 m, 9 - X- 2015, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Tuxtla Chico: El Manguito, 14.8903, - 92.2314; 161 m, 13 - V- 1992, A. Aquino, 1 ♀; M. Rincón, 4 ♀ (ECOAB). Rosario Izapa, 14.9733, - 92.1546; 445 m, 24 - VI- 2005, H. Gallardo, 1 ♀; 8 - VII- 2005, M. Méndez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 16.72786, - 93.13071; 752 m, 10 - VI- 1991, J. Ashe, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tuxtla Gutiérrez, 16.75826, - 93.10615; 524 m, 27 - V- 1984, O. Morales, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tzimol: 25 km SE S. Fco. Pujiltic, 16.16257, - 92.26355; 590 m, 21 - IV- 1993, F. A. Noguera, Tecoma stans, 1 ♀; G. C. Eickwort, Tecoma stans, 1 ♀; W. E. LaBerge, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Unión Juárez: 15.0618, - 92.08; 1310 m, 28 - VII- 2001, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Venustiano Carranza: Carretera Pujiltic-Venustiano Carranza, 16.30446, - 92.53471; 637 m, 2 - I- 2017, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Venustiano Carranza, 16.3166, - 92.5666; 621 m, 21 - IV- 1993, C. Mendoza, Astianthus viminalis, 3 ♀, E. Tovar, Astianthus viminalis, 4 ♀ (EBCH). Villaflores: 24.5 km NW, 16.35666, - 93.44499; 730 m, 16 - VI- 1999, D. Brzoska, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Colima: Armeria: Highway 200 — Armeria R., 18.93103, - 103.96384; 20 m, 22 - II- 1992, D. Brzoska, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Comala: 19.34572, - 103.79819; 594 m, 15 - XI- 2012, 10: 00 h, J. Mérida, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Minatitlán: 33 km NW Colima, 19.40693, - 103.96889; 867 m, 19 - VI- 1989, C. Everaert, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tecomán: Pascuales Malecón, 18.8494, - 103.9536; 16 m, 3 - X- 2010, R. Ayala, 3 ♀ (EBCH). Guerrero: Acapulco: 16.87111, - 99.89777; 87 m, 6 - VIII- 1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped., 8 ♀ (SEMC). Acuitlalpán: 18.601287, - 99.543012; 1584 m, 21 - IX- 1976, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Benito Juárez: San Jerónimo, 17.138669, - 100.470568; 39 m, 18 - IV- 1988, A. Cadena, 1 ♀; A. Cadena, L. Cervantes, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Chilpancingo: 5 mi S 2.5 mi E, 17.48477, - 99.44462; 1222 m, 5 - VIII- 1962, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped., 1 ♀ (SEMC). Chilpancingo, 5.5 mi S, 17.48020, - 99.4726; 1287 m, 31 - VII- 1969, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped., 1 ♀ (SEMC). Copala: Entre Carr. 200 y Playa Ventura, 16.59204, - 98.92507; 15 m, 25 - XII- 2019, 11: 15 h, E. Caballero, 1 ♀; E. Gómez, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Playa Ventura, 16.56021, - 98.97338; 4 m, 25 - XII- 2019, 9: 00 h, E. Caballero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). José Azueta: Zihuatanejo, 17.64740, - 101.54559; 19 m, 12 - XII- 1966, G. E. Bohart, 3 ♀ (BBSL). Zihuatanejo, 17.64546, - 101.5271; 128 m, 9 - VI- 1984, H. Brailovsky, 1 ♂ (CNIN). Malinaltepec: Cocoyul, 17.02440, - 98.77848; 1090 m, 26 - XII- 2019, E. Gómez, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). Cocoyul, 17.03001, - 98.77689; 1074 m, 27 - XII- 2019, 11: 00 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ometepec: Entrada sur de Huixtepec, 16.64547, - 98.30962, 391 m, 24 - XII- 2019, 12: 20 h, E. Caballero, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Pilcaya: 3 km SE Tonatico, 18.7641, - 99.6633; 1610 m, 29 - X- 1991, F. A. Noguera, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Michapa, 18.698805, - 99.483348; 1190 m, 25 - X- 1942, B. Pelaez, 1 ♂ (CNIN). Taxco, 23 mi N, 18.71100, - 99.67296, 1341 m, 8 - VIII- 1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped., 13 ♀ (SEMC). San Luis Acatalán: Yoloxóchitl, 16.81583, - 98.69027; 600 m, 8 - XI- 2012, Amith & Guadalupe 1 ♀; 14 - XI- 2012, J. Amith, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Taxco de Alarcón: 13 km NE Taxco, 18.56685, - 99.48243; 1580 m, 29 - X 1991, F. A. Noguera, 1 ♀; R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Taxco 20 mi S, 18.43419, - 99.55960; 1051 m, 6 - II- 1954, R. Dreisbach, 3 ♀ 1 ♂ (SEMC). Taxco, 8 mi NE, 18.60451, - 99.55129; 1662 m, 8 - VIII- 1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped., 3 ♀ (SEMC). Tepecoacuilco de Trujano: San Agustín Oapan, Housesite of P. Pantaleón, 17.94972, - 99.43583; 516 m, 13 - VIII- 2009, Amith & Pantaleón, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Jalisco: Autlán: 13 km N, camino mina San Francisco, 19.81639, 104.31684; 930 m, F. A. Noguera, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Autlán, 6.6 km NE, 19.81869, - 104.33993; 964 m, 20 - VII- 1994, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Autlán, 19.73153, - 104.34541; 898 m, 15 - VII- 1989, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Ahuacapán, 19.68589, - 104.33239; 934 m, 17 - XI- 2012, 11: 30 h, E. Esquivel, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Cabo Corrientes: El Turco, km 54, carr. 200, 20.2016, - 105.3429; 250 m, 21 - X- 2015, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Pino Suárez, 19.96128, - 105.3230; 32 m, 7: 55 h, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Cihuatlán: Barra de Navidad, 19.21594, - 104.68423; 14 m, 10 - II- 1986, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). El Limón: 10 km NE El Grullo, 19.84474, - 104.14769; 979 m, 8 - VIII- 1991, F. A. Noguera, 1 ♀ (EBCH). La Huerta: 18 km SO La Huerta, 19.34936, - 104.71717; 370 m, 15 - VII- 1993, A. Rodríguez, F. A. Noguera, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Careyes, 19.43766, - 105.02605; 3 m, 12 - II- 1997, F. D. Parker, 4 ♀ (BBSL). Chamela, 19.53000, - 105.08166; 5 m, F. D. Parker, T. L. Griswold, 1 - I- 1985, 3 ♀; 26 - IX- 1985, 7 ♀ (BBSL). Chamela, Río, 19.52789, - 105.08100; 30 m, 11 - VII- 1989, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Cuiztmala Playa, 8 km S Careyes, 19.42689, - 105.01340; 50 m, 4 - X- 1985, F. D. Parker, T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Estación de Biología Chamela, 19.49948, - 105.04242; 70 m, 8 - III- 1973, M. Sousa, 4 ♀ (CNIN), S. Borrego, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 12 - V- 1980, S. H. Bullock: 1 ♀ (EBCH), 17 - V- 1980, 1 ♀; 29 - V- 1980, ♀ (CNIN), 29 - V- 1980, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 21 - VII- 1980, A. Pescador, 11 ♀ (CNIN), 18 - VI- 1981, S. H. Bullock: 2 ♀ (EBCH), 11 - IX- 1981, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 4 - X- 1981, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 13 - I- 1982, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 5 - V- 1982, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 22 - IX- 1982, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 23 - X- 1982, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 17 - I- 1983, 1 ♂ (EBCH), 17 - II- 1983, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 17 - IV- 19833 ♀ (EBCH), 9 - VI- 1983, 2 ♀ (CNIN), 12 - VI- 1983, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 23 - X- 1983, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 20 - II- 1984, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 5 - VI- 1984, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 5 - III- 1985, R. Ayala: 1 ♂ (EBCH), 14 - III- 1985, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 16 - V- 1985, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 8 - VI- 1985, 1 ♂ (EBCH), 1 - VIII- 1985, F. D. Parker, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 6 - VIII- 1985, R. Ayala, Prockia crucis, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 17 - VIII- 1985, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). 20 - IX- 1985, M. Sánchez, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 25 - IX- 1985, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 26 - IX- 1985, C. D. Michener, Apoplanesea paniculata, 2 ♀ (EBCH), R. B. Roberts, 4 ♀ (EBCH), F. D. Parker, T. L. Griswold, 9 ♀ (EBCH), 26 - IX- 1985, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 27 - IX- 1985, A. Rodríguez, 4 ♀ (EBCH), 30 - IX- 1985, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 1 - X- 1985, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 1 - X- 1985, F. D. Parker, T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 11 - X- 1985, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 14 - X- 1985, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 23 - X- 1985, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 23 - XI- 1985, A. Rodríguez, Bidens reptans, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 17 - XII- 1985, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 18 - II- 1986, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 15 - IV- 1986, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀ (BBSL), 11 - VIII- 1986, S. H. Bullock, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 4 - XI- 1987, T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ (BBSL), 8 - IX- 1988, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀, E. Ramírez, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 10 - VII- 1989, T. L. Griswold, 3 ♀ (BBSL), 6 - XI- 1989, A. Cadena, 1 ♀; G. Ortega, C. Mayorga, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 3 - III- 1990, A. Chemas, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 6 - VII- 1990, G. Ortega, C. Mayorga, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 14 - X- 1990, G. Ortega, C. Mayorga, J. Martínez, S. Rodriguez, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 25 - X- 1990, G. Ortega, C. Mayorga, J. Martínez, S. Rodriguez, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 5 - VII- 1991, F. A. Noguera, Caesaria sp, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 14 - VIII- 1991, G. Ortega, C. Mayorga, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 19 - VIII- 1995, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 13 - VI- 1996, S. Borrego, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 17 - XI- 2004, M. Bateman, G. Gónzalez, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 11 - III- 2000, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀ (BBSL), 26 - IX- 2016, M. Argueta, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 27 - IX- 2016, E. López, Mimosa leptocarpa, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 15 - IX- 2018, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ 1 ♂ (ECOAB), 8 - IX- 2018, 11: 30 h, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Isla Cocinas, 19.54883, - 105.10908; 45 m, 29 - XI- 1983, S. H. Bullock, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Playa Careyes, nr Chamela, 19.44282, - 105.02328; 16 m, 30 - IX- 1985, C. D. Michener, 3 ♀ (SEMC), 30 - IX- 1985, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Playa Careyitos, 19.43766, - 105.02605; 2 m, R. B. Roberts, 2 ♀; R. Ayala, 3 ♀ (EBCH). Río Cuixmala, 19.41055, - 104.95638; 46 m, 27 - II- 1991, E. Ramírez, 2 ♀, J. Villa, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Río San Nicolás, 25 km N Chamela, 19.65947, - 105.18005; 21 m, 5 - XI- 1987, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Río San Nicolás, 19.651, - 105.181; 12 m, 10 - XI- 1985, M. Sánchez, 1 ♀; 18 - XI- 1985, R. Ayala, 3 ♀; 9 - XII- 1985, M. Sánchez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Magdalena: 20.92371, - 103.99493; 1454 m, 17 - VI- 1988, R. Minckley, 1 ♂ (SEMC). Pihuamo: 12 km N de Pihuamo, 19.32949, - 103.38794; 760, 30 - X- 1992, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Puerto Vallarta: 20.62141, - 105.22601; 14 m, G. E. Bohart: 25 - I- 1984, 16 ♀; 8 - XII- 1984, 6 ♀ (BBSL), 29 - IX- 1985, C. D. Michener, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 29 - IX- 1985, C. D. Michen- er, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tequila: Volcán de Tequila, 20.86341, - 103.84396; 1300 m, 4 - X- 1995, H. Fierros, 3 ♀ (EBCH). Tomatlán: José María Morelos, 19.6667, 105.1784; 26 m, 19 - VII- 1989, S. Anaya, 1 ♀ (EBCH). José María Morelos 6 km N, 19.71976, - 105.21425; 22 m, 19 - VII- 1989, C. Cordero, 1 ♀; S. Anaya, 2 ♀ (EBCH). Tomatlán, 2 km N, 19.95696, - 105.24828; 93 m, 19 - VII- 1989, C. Cordero, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tonaya: 22 km E El Grullo, 19.80784, - 104.00546; 880 m, 17 - VII- 1989, L. Godínez, Acacia angustissima, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Zapotlán el Grande: Los Depósitos, 19.65319, - 103.53162; 1721 m, 16 - XI- 2012, 9: 40 h, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Michoacán: Ario: 9 km N La Huacana, 19.04395, - 101.80853; 1098 m, 4 - XI- 1992, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀; R. Ayala, 2 ♀ (EBCH). 17 km SO Ario de Rosales, 19.11145, - 101.73965; 1470 m, 3 - XI- 1992, R. Ayala, 2 ♀ (EBCH). El Cangrejo, 20 km N La Huacana, 19.04166, - 101.81138; 1090 m, 30 - X- 1987, 3 ♀ (EBCH). Morelia: 20 mi E, 23 mi S, 28 - VII- 1962, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped., 1 ♀ (SEMC). Arteaga: 18.34803, - 102.29194; 830 m, 8 - V- 1989, R. Aguirra, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Arteaga, 3 km N, 18.38394, - 102.29201; 984 m, 1 - XI- 1987, T. L. Griswold, 3 ♀ (BBSL). La Lajita, 26 km N Arteaga, 18.40935, - 102.14797; 660 m, 1 - XI- 1987, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 1 - XI- 1987, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Buenavista: 10 km W Apatzingán, La Huina, 19.10813, - 102.52083; 256 m, 17 - VII- 1989, V. R. Castrejón, Chilopsis linearis, 2 ♀ (EBCH). Gabriel Zamora: 20 km S Uruapán, 19.25057, - 102.05532; 944 m, 7 - II- 1990, S. H. Bullock, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Gabriel Zamora, 19.0948, - 102.05795; 522, 4 - X- 2011, R. Ayala, 2 ♀ (EBCH). Lombardía, 19.15668, - 102.05352; 656 m, 5 - X- 2011, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Jungapeo: 19.49119, - 100.48779; 1584, - 5 - 1953, O. Hecht, 2 ♀ (BBSL). La Huacana: 2 km NE Zicuirán, 18.89107, - 101.95805; 248 m, 10 - VII- 1988, G. Rodríguez, 2 ♀ (EBCH). El Descansadero, Arteaga, 80 km N, 18.68201, - 102.00509; 266 m, 1 - XI- 1987, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Zicuirán, 18.87756, - 101.96943; 200 m, 8 - VII- 1988, G. Rodríguez, 3 ♀ (EBCH). Lázaro Cárdenas: La Manzanilla, 18.06361, - 102.69083; 11 m, 7 - VII- 1988, G. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Madero: Los Fresnos, 19.48527, - 101.05722; 2132 m, 2 - XII- 2014, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Múgica: Cuatro Caminos, 29.8 km S, on hwy 37, 18.98805, - 102.10305; 358 m, 18 - VII- 1989, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tacámbaro: Joyas Altas, 19.21441, - 101.42350; 1403 m, 20 - XI- 2018, A. Reyes, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Morelos: Cuernavaca: 18.93481, - 99.23082; 1561 m, F. D. Parker: 8 - XI- 1987, 1 ♀; 13 - XI- 1987, 1 ♀; 19 - XI- 1987, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Tepoztlán: Cuernavaca, 6 mi E, 18.93414, - 99.13841; 1472 m, 12 - IX- 1973, W. J. Hanson, B. A. Haws, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Tepoztlán, 6 mi W, 18.97416, - 99.16429; 1647 m, 30 - VII- 1963, M. Naumann, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tepoztlán, 18.9848, - 99.09305; 1673 m, 30 - X- 1983, O. Morales, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tlaquiltenango: Huautla, 2.5 km N, 4 km W, Estación CEAMISH, 18.46120, - 99.04130; 940 m, 7 - IX- 1996, R. Brooks, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Huaxtla, 18.393314, - 99.05025; 1160 m, 9 - IX- 2015, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Yautepec: Cuernavaca, 12 mi E, 18.91371, - 99.04437; 1237 m, 14 - VIII- 1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped., 1 ♂ (SEMC). Oaxtepec, 18.90637, - 98.97026; 1379 m, 22 - V- 1989, A. Rodríguez, F. A. Noguera, 4 ♀ (EBCH). Nayarit: Bahía de Banderas: Punta Mita, 3 km S, 20.76028, - 105.47487; 22 m, 28 - II- 1992, D. Brzoska, 2 ♀ (SEMC). San Blas: San Blas 20 km S, 21.43396, - 105.18722; 10 m, 7 - IV- 1994, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tecuala: Acaponeta, 16 mi S, 22.28710, - 105.27176; 45 m, 12 - VIII- 1963, M. Naumann, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Oaxaca: Ometepec: 11 km N, 16.76985, - 98.40548; 708 m, 4 - IV- 1989, R. Ayala, Vitex sp, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Putla Villa de Guerrero: San Marcos Malpica, 16.99897, - 97.9; 744 m, 6 - XI- 2015, N. Arnold, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Salina Cruz: 16.18608, - 95.19235; 93 m, 7 - IX- 1965, D. Janzen, 18 ♀ (SEMC). San Dionisio del Mar: 16.33708, - 94.76381; 7 m, 20 - I- 1992, L. Godínez, 2 ♀ (SEMC). San Juan Colorado: Nuevo Progreso, 16.52503, - 97.8862; 566 m, 10 - XI- 2015, 12: 00 h, N. Arnold, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Miguel Tlacamama: 16.41474, 98.09691; 235 m, 9 - XI- 2015, 13: 00 h, N. Arnold, 1 ♀; M. López, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Pedro Comitancillo: 16.45254, - 95.20089; 112 m, 15 - XI- 2018, 9: 20 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECO- AB). San Pedro Huamelula: Playa Grande, 15.85964, - 95.90502; 97 m, E. Gómez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Pedro Mixtepec: 15.9013, - 97.1454; 14 m, 18 - XII- 2018, 9: 30 h, I. Pérez, 3 ♀; P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Puerto Escondido, 15.87646, - 97.10498; 10 m, 30 - IX- 1990, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Puerto Escondido 10 km NW, 15.92442, - 97.14531; 12 m, 6 - III- 1989, R. Ayala, 1 ♂ (EBCH). San Pedro Pochutla: Puerto Ángel, 15.6643, - 96.4883; 20 m, 9 - III- 1989, R. Ayala, 2 ♀ (EBCH). San Pedro Tututepec: Faisán, 16.14982, - 97.72474; 56 m, 22 - XII- 2019, E. Gómez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Laguna Chacahua, 15.96808, - 97.68804; 6 m, 20 - III- 1984, J. Pérez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Santa María Colotepec: Juan Diego, 15.8233, - 96.9078; 119 m, 19 - XII- 2018, 13: 20 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Colotepec, 15.8633, - 97.0045; 24 m, 19 - XII- 2018, 8: 45 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Colotepec, 15.8490, - 97.0190; 59 m, 19 - XII- 2018, 10: 35 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Colotepec, 15.80027, - 96.98567, 6 m, 19 - XII- 2018, 11: 00 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Huatulco: Coyula, 15.68949, - 96.30446; 11 m, 11 - XII- 2014, 9: 00 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Tonameca: carr. a Loxicha, 15.80540, - 96.76030; 155 m, 20 - XII- 2018, 9: 25 h, O. Caballero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Agustinillo bosque, 15.67065, - 96.53800; 30 m, 29 - I- 2012, 11: 00 h, P. Sagot, 7 ♀; 9 - I- 2016, 9: 00 h, P. Sagot, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). San Agustinillo Carretera, 15.66679, - 96.54062; 19 m, 28 - I- 2012, 10: 30 h, P. Sagot, 8 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Zoquitlán: Las Casas, 16.63029, - 96.45168; 1435 m, 21 - XI- 2018, 9: 30 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santiago Niltepec: Microondas Los Tules, Niltepec, 16.5, - 94.58; 44 m, 13 - XII- 1985, R. Torres, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Santo Domingo Tehuantepec: Tehuantepec, 17 km W, 16.34649, - 95.39159; 176 m, 8 - IX- 1965, D. Janzen, 21 ♀ (SEMC). Villa Sola de Vega: Carr. 131 a la costa, 16.43087, - 97.06787; 1160 m, 14 - XII- 2018, 14: 25 h, N. Arnold, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Puebla: Petlalcingo: 1 km SW Petlalcingo, 18.08047, - 97.92819; 1280 m, 1 - XI- 1991, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tepexco: 14 km NW Izúcar de Matamoros, 18.63578, 98.58635; 1306 m, 31 - X- 1991, F. A. Noguera, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Tepexco, 4 km NW Tepexco, 18.663, - 98.72239; 1273 m, 31 - X- 1991, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Sinaloa: Concordia: Copala, 23.39819, - 105.93727; 548 m, 12 - X- 2013, 10: 30 h, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Copala, 16 km E, 23.43870, - 105.84376; 1168 m, 18 - III- 1990, R. Minckley, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Mazatlán: 23.49106, - 106.48155; 27 m, 29 - X- 2014, 9: 50 h, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tabasco: Balancán: Capulín, 17.70578, - 91.09616; 38 m, 10 - V- 2014, L. Marín, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). NICARAGUA: Rivas: Cárdenas: Playa Isla Vista, 11.23401, - 85.55012; 33 m, 29 - I- 2016, R. Joyce, 1 ♀, 26 - IX- 2016, M. Calero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Juan del Sur: Hacienda La Flor, 11.14192, - 85.78289; 16 m, M. Calero: 28 I- 2016, 5 ♀, 17 - II- 2016, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). La Flor / Hda La Flor, 11.14059, - 85.78459; 7 m, 18 - V- 2016, M. Calero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Las Parcelas, 11.13064, - 85.47305; 24 m, 16 - V- 2916, M. Calero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Río Ostional, 11.12598, - 85.74979; 22 m, 8 - II- 2016, R. Joyce, 1 ♀; 11 - II- 2016, M. Calero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tortuga, 11.14057, - 85.78368; 12 m, 11 - VI- 2015, E. Dorgay, 1 ♀; 4 - VII- 2015, E. Dorgay, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Commentaries. X. gualanensis was described as a subspecies of X. wilmattae by Cockerell in 1912. This author did not mention number of specimens analyzed, as Moure (2012) points out in his catalogue; in this last work the type is mentioned to be in the AMNH collection, however it is currently at the USNM on loan.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD27FF97FF4294B1FE91FC79.taxon	description	(Figs. 75 – 85, 123 – 125, 137) ZooBank: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: DF 65847 C- 321 B- 4 CD 1 - A 5 A 3 - ABF 5 AC 61 B 202	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD27FF97FF4294B1FE91FC79.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length, female, 22.65 mm (21.58 – 24.11; n = 5); male, 22.72 mm (n = 1). Female: Head without elevated ridges or prominences on frons; ocelli below tangent of the eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disca with scattered punctures (puncture separation, two or more times their diameter); wings bluish with violet iridescence, magenta on the edges (Fig. 80); pubescence evenly black; integument of terga evenly black; T 1 with dense punctures (punctures separated by two o three times their diameter), T 2 to T 5 with very scattered punctures on disc (punctures separated by four or more times their diameter) (Fig. 81); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.26 – 0.51, T 3 0.36 – 0.58, T 4 0.56 – 0.96, T 5 0.70 – 0.96. Male: Posterior margin of T 1 to T 5 with integumental black bands, metasoma principally yellowish or orange, except light brown on T 6 and T 7; hind tibia internal distal extreme with prominent subapical projection, slightly curved distally with a carinated concave area; posterior margin of this process with narrow laminar carina-like margin throughout almost a third of the internal posterior margin of the tibia (Fig. 85); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.95 – 1.14, T 3 0.83 – 1.06, T 4 1.14 – 1.24, T 5 1.48 – 1.72; tip of the lateral process of gonostylus ending oval-shaped (as broad as shaft of the process).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD27FF97FF4294B1FE91FC79.taxon	description	Description. Holotype: Female: Body length 22.65 mm (21.58 – 24.11; n = 5), length of forewing 20.14 mm (18.39 – 20.79; n = 5), head length 5.58 mm (5.13 – 5.94; n = 5), intertegular distance 6.98 mm (6.03 – 7.46; n = 5), width of T 2 10.47 mm (9.85 – 11.27; n = 5). Head: Mandibles bidentate; apical tooth longer and wider than internal tooth, defined by a notch (Fig. 76). Labrum with three tubercles, the middle narrower than the lateral ones. Ocelli located below the upper margin of the eyes; frontal groove anterior to the middle ocellus well defined, unpunctate, initiating with the width of the ocellus, diminishing to end in a non-prominent middle elevation between the antennal sockets; pits in area sublateral posterior to the ocelli, of 1 / 3 the ocellar diameter. Vertex elevated respect to the upper margin of the eyes. Mesosoma: Scutellum in lateral view convex (Fig. 78). Metanotum and propodeum vertical. Posterior tibia with basitibial plate toward the middle region, with two asymmetrical spiniform projections with similar width, defined by a small notch between them; anterior spine sharp; posterior spine rounded and continues throughout the posterior margin. Metasoma: T 1 with a vertical anterior fold with foveate surface. Color: Integument usually black. Antennae with pedicel and distal extreme of scape reddish. S 1 to S 5 with reddish distal margin. Wings with bluish iridescence, with violet and magenta on the edges (Fig. 80); venation very dark, almost black. Punctures: Head: Clypeus, inferior margin unpunctate; inferior subapical margin with two depressions, and with a narrow middle longitudinal line unpunctate; rest of clypeus with densely punctate. Genal area densely punctate on inferior areas; middle and superior areas with punctures separated by one and a half to three times their diameter (Fig. 77). Vertex with a middle longitudinal unpunctate line; sublateral and lateral areas with punctures separated by one to two times their diameter; supraclipeal and paraocular areas with dense punctures of similar size as those on clypeus; lateral areas and region posterior to ocelli with scattered punctures. Mesosoma: Scutum: discal area unpunctate; between the parapsidal line and discal area with scattered punctures, separated by two or more times their diameter; scutellum with few punctures on the middle region; by contrast lateral and posterior regions with dense punctures. Metanotum with dense punctures, separated by two or more times their diameter, shallower than on scutellum. Mesepisternum and mesoesternal area with dense punctures. Tegulae mostly unpunctate, but with dense punctures on anterior area; propodeum with dense superimposed punctures. Metasoma: T 1 with dense punctures; T 2 to T 5 with very scattered punctures on discal area, separated by four or more times their diameter (Fig. 81). Pubescence: Usually black, except on anterior apical margin of F 1 to F 10, which has very short dark brown hair; posterior middle region of T 6 with simple reddish hairs. Head: Vertex and genal area with a mixture of simple and branched hairs, the latter shorter than the former. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.26 – 0.51, T 3 0.36 – 0.58, T 4 0.56 – 0.96, T 5 0.70 – 0.96. Male: Body length 22.72 mm (n = 1), length of forewing 17.86 mm (n = 1), head length 4.09 mm (n = 1), intertegular distance 5.91 mm (n = 1), width of T 2 10.11 mm (n = 1). Head: Mandibles bidentate; apical tooth longer and broader than internal tooth. Frontal groove anterior to middle ocellus unpunctate, initiating with a diameter equal to that of the ocellus, diminishing to end in a non-prominent middle elevation between the antennal sockets; pits on sublateral area posterior to the ocelli, of half the diameter of the ocelli. Vertex elevated with respect to superior margin of the eyes. Mesosoma: Posterior tibia with basitibial plate with a single spiniform projection toward the middle region; tibial spur thin; internal area of posterior tibia as described in the diagnosis (Fig. 85). Metasoma: T 1 with vertical fold with foveate surface. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, obtuse (Fig. 125); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, obtuse, barely noticeble (Fig. 124); tip of the lateral process ending on an oval as broad as shaft of the process (Fig. 124). Color: Integument mostly yellowish or orange. Head: Integument brown clear to dark on margins of labrum, clypeus, and subantennal sutures, as well as on posterior region of antennae to F 10. Clypeus with a light brown longitudinal middle line. Mesosoma: Anterior and lateral areas of tegulae and wing sclerite yellowish. Mesepisternum and mesoesternal area blacks. Legs, coxae, and femurs light to dark brown. Wings light brown or orange, veins light brown to reddish. Metasoma: Distal margin of T 1 to T 5 with dark bands (Fig. 84); sterna with light brown distal margins. Punctures: Head: Labrum, distal margin unpunctate, rest of labrum with large dense grooved punctures. Clypeus with punctures on lateral and inferolateral areas, separated bytwo or three times their diameter; discal area of clypeus with scattered punctures. Supraclipeal area, paraocular areas and genal area densely punctates, similar in size to those of clypeus. Vertex with an area unpunctate in middle, the rest with densely punctate. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area densely punctate, separated by one or less their diameter. Scutellum with very small punctures on discal area, in contrast to lateral and posterior regions densely punctate. Mesepisternum and mesoesternal area with densely punctate. Tegula mostly unpunctate, but with dense punctures on anterior region. Propodeum with densely shallow punctate. Metasoma: T 1 and T 2 with punctures on discal area separated by one or two times their diameter; T 3 to T 5 with dense punctures on discal area, separated by approximately their diameter; T 6 and T 7 with scattered punctures, separated by three or more times their diameter; T 1 to T 5 with a submarginal distal area without punctures, broader in the middle. S 1 to S 5 with dense punctures from the middle to posterior submarginal region, but posterior margin Tegula mosly unpunctate, but with dense punctures on anterior region. Propodeum with dense shallow punctures. Pubescence: Principally yellowish or orange, except on T 6 and T 7 where it is light brown. Posterior tibia, internal anterior margin with long pubescence, posterior margin with long and short pubescence; internal surface: basal area with some hairs not as long as on anterior margin (Fig. 85). T 1 with dense, long, plumose hairs, T 2 to T 5 mainly with plumose hairs intermixed with some simple ones, T 6 and T 7 with dense, long, simple and plumose hairs. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.95 – 1.14, T 3 0.83 – 1.06, T 4 1.14 – 1.24, T 5 1.48 – 1.72. Variation. This species varies little in size. Wings of some specimens may be greenish on the subapical region, perhaps due to antiquity in the collection.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD27FF97FF4294B1FE91FC79.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet maya refers to the great Mayan civilization, since most of the distribution range of the new species falls in Chiapas, Tabasco and the Yucatán Peninsula, in the core region of Mayan settlements. It is worth saying that small farmers of the region commonly know carpenter bees, that they call jonon’ or bonon’, as well as bumblebees.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD27FF97FF4294B1FE91FC79.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 137). Present in Belize and Mexico (Chiapas, Campeche, Tabasco, Veracruz), in the following ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Dry forests of Yucatán, Mesoamerican mangroves of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, Swamps of Centla, Humid forests of Petén-Veracruz, Humid forests of Yucatan Peninsula. Altitudinal distribution from 0 to 290 m. Holotype (♀): ECOAB. 82129 MEX. CAMP [Mexico, Campeche] / [QR code] Hopelchén / 130 m / 19.41 N; 89.35 W / 27 / 09 / 2015 / Eric vides // ♀ / mexicanorum [handwritten] / det. Sagot Ph. 2015 // [Red label] HOLO- TYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 121714 Mex. Cam [Mexico, Campeche] / [QR code] Champotón / 191 m / 18.48 N; 89.9 W; / 7 / 6 / 2018 / Jorge Mérida // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): México, Campeche, Champotón / Seybaplaya, al NE del poblado / 19 º 38 ’ 45 ” N 90 º 41 ’ 39 ” W 0 m /, 5 / 05 / 1997 13: 30 H / Selva baja caducifolia / ex atrapada en red ornitológica / O. Yañez 0 Y- 1972 // MUSEO DE ZOOLOGÍA / HY- MENOPTERA / 06686 //. (MZFC). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 82362 MEX CAMP [Mexico, Campeche] / [QR code] / Hopelchén 77 m / 19.66 N; 89.66 W / 2 / 10 / 2015 / Roberto Chan //. ♀ / Xylocopa mexicanorum [handwritten] / det. Sagot Ph. 2015 // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 121883 Mex. Chis [Mexico, Chiapas] / [QR code] / Palenque / 18 m / 17.7 N; 92.24 / 12 / 04 / 2018 / Jorge Mérida // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀) México: Chiapas / 6 km SW La Libertad / 40 m 17 º 41 ’ N, 91 º 48 ’ / 24 / 04 / 1993 E. Tovar // SMO 326822 / KUNHM-ENT [BARCODE] // ex Lonchocarpus / sp // Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) mexicanorum Cockerell // / det. by D. Yanega // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (EBCH). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 131812 Mex. Tab [Mexico, Tabasco] / [QR code] / Tenosique / 155 m / 17.33 N; 91.19 W / 2017 / Adriana Tapia // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♂): ECOAB. 131813 Mex. Tab [Mexico, Tabasco] / [QR code] / Tenosique / 155 m 17.33 N; 91.19 W /, 2017 / Adriana Tapia // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 121150 Mex. Tab [Mexico, Tabasco] / [QR code] / Tenosique / 41 m / 17.42 N; 91.41 W /, 226 / 2018 / Fermin González // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 131261 Mex. Tab [Mexico, Tabasco] / [QR code] / Tenosique / 46 m / 17.42 N; 91.32 W / 12 / 2 / 2019 / Jorge Mérida // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 131262 Mex. Tab [Mexico, Tabasco] / [QR code] / Tenosique / 46 m / 17.42 N; 91.32 W / 12 / 2 / 2019 / Jorge Mérida // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 131263 Mex. Tab [Mexico, Tabasco] / [QR code] / Tenosique / 46 m / 17.42 N; 91.32 W / 12 / 2 / 2019 / Jorge Mérida // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB). Paratype (♀): ECOAB. 131265 Mex. Tab [Mexico, Tabasco] / [QR code] / Tenosique / 46 m / 17.42 N; 91.32 W / 12 / 2 / 2019 / Philippe Sagot // [Yellow label] PARATYPE / Xylocopa maya / Mérida, Hinojosa-Díaz & Ayala / 2021 //. (ECOAB) Additional material examined. 8 ♀. Belize: Distrito de Cayo: 17.0981, - 88.9414; 290 m, - I- 1900, G. Gaumer, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Stann Creek: Placentia, 16.51667, - 88.36667; 4 m, 15 - II- 1989, Michener & Brzoska, 4 ♀ (SEMC). Mexico: Quintana Roo: Isla Mujeres: 21.24118, - 86.73964; 4 m, 25 - I- 1981, G. E. Bohart, 1 ♀ (BBSL).? Sinaloa: Mazatlán: 23.2267, - 106.4076; 15 m, 8 - IX- 1980, J. B. Karrem, 5 ♀ (BBSL). Veracruz: Actopan: José Cardel, 25 km N along Hwy 180, 19.58547, - 96.38975; 23 m, 2 - I- 1989, R. Minckley, B. Danforth, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Yucatán: Progreso: 21.28444, - 89.66333; 4 m, 20 - VI- 1984, M. Devall, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Commentaries. This species is morphologically close to X. griswoldi sp. nov., as can see in the form of the structures on internal margin of posterior tibiae (Figs. 65 and 85). Both species are present on the continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico (Fig. 137), X. maya only in the southernmost states of this region. It is very possible that both species are present at medium altitudes throughout the slope; in some regions, they are sympatric with other species of the same subgenus. Five specimens of this new species deposited in BBSL, with labels showing they were collected in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, but they are very far from the distribution region of this species, and it could be a labeling error.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD3BFF90FF429254FE69F99D.taxon	description	(Figs. 86 – 93, 126 – 128, 139)	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD3BFF90FF429254FE69F99D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length, female, 22.28 mm (21.27 – 24.10; n = 5); male, 23.32 mm (21.27 – 25.40; n = 5). Female: Head without elevated ridges or prominences on frons; ocelli below tangent of the eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disca with dense punctures (puncture separation, one to two puncture diameters); wings coppery with variable purple iridescence (Fig. 89); pubescence evenly black; integument of terga evenly black; T 1 densely punctate (punctures separated by two o three times their diameter), T 2 to T 5 densely punctate on discal area (puncture separation one to two times their diameter); length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.28 – 0.52, T 3 0.47 – 0.86, T 4 0.59 – 1.03, T 5 0.52 – 1.14. Male: Terga yellowish to orange without bands; metasoma with yellowish-orange pubescence: hind tibia internal distal extreme with prominent subapical projection curved distally, with elevated rounded margin defining a concave area, posterior margin also with narrow (carinated) edge (Fig. 93); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.67 – 1.32, T 3 0.86 – 1.29, T 4 0.67 – 1.71, T 5 1.22 – 2.31; tip of the lateral process of gonostylus ending oval-shaped (as broad as shaft of the process) (Fig. 127).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD3BFF90FF429254FE69F99D.taxon	description	Description: Female: Integument and pubescence mostly black; wings copper with some purple, or totally purple iridescence (Fig. 89). Clypeus, genal area (Fig. 86), and vertex with densely punctate; between the parapsidal line and discal area dense punctate, separated by one to one and a half times their diameter; terga densely punctate. Body length 22.28 mm (21.27 – 24.10; n = 5); length of forewing 19.25 mm (18.87 – 19.68; n = 5); head length 5.44 mm (5.22 – 5.71; n = 5); intertegular distance 6.77 mm (6.15 – 7.18; n = 5); width of T 2 10.04 mm (9.65 – 10.30; n = 5). Head: Clypeus: lower margin unpunctate, submargin anterior defined by two depressions, with dense punctures on upper sublateral, and inferolateral areas; discal area of clypeus with punctures separated by one and a half to two times their diameter. Genal area densely punctate on lower area, middle and upper area with punctures separated by one and a half to three times their diameter (Fig. 86). Vertex densely punctate, similar in size to those present on clypeus. Pits in area sublateral to the posterior ocelli half their diameter of the ocelli. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area with dense punctures, separated by a distance of one to two times their diameter. Metasoma: T 1 with densely punctate; T 2 to T 5 with densely punctate on discal area, separated by one to two times their diameter; T 6 with dense appressed punctures. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.28 – 0.52, T 3 0.47 – 0.86, T 4 0.59 – 1.03, T 5 0.52 – 1.14. Male: Integument and pubescence usually yellowish to orange. Clypeus with a brown light to dark middle longitudinal line up to the lower margin (Fig. 90). Wings light brown or orange; venation reddish brown. Body length 23.32 mm (21.27 – 25.40; n = 5); length of forewing 18.47 mm (17.41 – 19.49; n = 5); head length 4.14 mm (3.97 – 4.50; n = 5); intertegular distance 6.35 mm (5.87 – 6.85; n = 5); width of T 2 10.44 mm (9.97 – 11.52; n = 5). Head: Labrum: anterior margin unpunctate; triangular shaped of middle region unpunctate, rest of labrum with dense punctures. Clypeus with a wide middle longitudinal line unpunctate, discal area with few punctures, lateral and inferolateral areas with scattered punctures, separated by two or more times their diameter; area unpunctate sublateral posterior to the posterior ocelli, one fourth the diameter of the ocelli; pits on sublateral area of posterior ocelli 1 / 4 the diameter of the ocelli. Vertex with an area without punctures on the middle region; rest of vertex with dense punctures; lateral ocelli to the same level as the upper margin of the eyes. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and the discal area with dense appressed punctures. Hind tibia, internal distal extreme with a prominent subapical projection with curved distal extreme, with elevated rounded margin defining a concave area, with an elevated margin that continues to the middle region of the tibia, posterior margin also with narrow (carinated) edge; internal surface with few long hairs on the basal region; anterior margin with long hairs, denser toward the apical region; internal posterior margin with shorter pubescence; long hairs not dense, and short equallength hairs forming a line a modo de well defined pecten. Something similar but less defined occurs in X. griswoldi sp nov; (Fig. 93). Metasoma: T 1 with dense, long, plumose hairs, T 2 with some plumose hairs on discal and ssubmarginal area, T 3 to T 5 with some simple hairs, T 6 and T 7 with dense, simple and plumose hairs. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.67 – 1.32, T 3 0.86 – 1.29, T 4 0.67 – 1.71, T 5 1.22 – 2.31. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, obtuse (Fig. 128); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, obtuse (Fig. 127); tip of the lateral process ending on an oval as broad as shaft of the process (Fig. 127). Variation. Throughout the distribution present variation in wing color. Specimens of the United States and northern Mexico present copper or somewhat violet wings; specimens of central Mexico may have wings with violet iridescence. The specimens from Oaxaca present pubescence a bit longer on discal area of the terga. Specimens with wings with violet iridescence may be confused with the species X. griswoldi sp. nov. but it can be distinguished by its disjunct distribution (See figs. 137 and 139).	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD3BFF90FF429254FE69F99D.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 139). This species is present on the island of Hawaii quite possibly as a result of longdistance transport of the nests by bees of this species, built on dry branches, a case very similar to what possibly happened with X. clarionesis. This species is present in arid regions, as well as those with Mediterranean climate in the United States and the Mexican tropical and highlands areas, in the following ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Dry forests of the Bajío, Dry forests of the Balsas Basin, Grasslands of the Central Valley of California, Chaparral and coastal sage of California, Central Mexican Scrubland, Desert of Chihuahua, Xeric scrubland of the Gulf of California, Dry forests of Jalisco, Scrubland of the Central Mexian Plateau, Mojave desert, Mangroves of the Mesoamerican Pacific North, Dry forests of Sierra de la Laguna, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre of Oaxaca, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre del Sur, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Dry forests of Sinaloa, Desiert of Sonora, Subtropical dry forest of Sonora-Sinaloa, Dry forests of the South Pacific, Scrubland of the Tehuacan Valley, and Pine-oak forests of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. Broad altitudinal distribution from 0 to 2385 m.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD3BFF90FF429254FE69F99D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 394 ♀ 13 ♂. UNITED STATES: Arizona: Pima: Tucson, 32.22167, - 110.9258; 759 m, R. Minckley: - 3 - 1986, 1 ♂; 21 - IV- 1987, 1 ♀ (SEMC). California, Kern: Taft, 35.1425, - 119.4556; 289 m, 14 - VIII- 1978, P. H. Timberlake, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Los Angeles: San Marino, 34.12114, - 118.10504; 174 m, 23 - VII- 1952, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Riverside: 33.95333, - 117.3953; 254 m, 21 - V- 1932, P. H. Timberlake, 1 ♀; 11 - III- 1963, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Nevada: Las Vegas: Clark, 36.1988, - 115.01284; 642 m, 18 - I- 1980, S. A. Steffen, 1 ♂ (EBCH). MEXICO: Aguascalientes: Calvillo: Palo Alto, 21.98332, - 102.67767; 1804 m, 19 - X- 2012, 10: 45 h, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Baja California: Mexicali: Alfalfa desierto, 32.65406, - 115.01040; 18 m, 4 - VI- 2019, 1 ♀ (ECOAB); Alfalfa frontera, 32.63452, - 115.46515; 4 m, 10 - VI- 2019, 1 ♀; 11 - VI- 2019, 2 ♀; 12 - VI- 2019, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Arvenses ALF 1, 32.67383, - 115.35430; 8 m, 3 - VI- 2019, 2 ♀ (ECOAB); Cerca de la frontera, 32.67383, - 115.35430; 8 m, 1 - VI- 2019, A. Castro, 1 ♀; 7 - VI- 2019, D. Garcia, 5 ♀; 14 - VI- 2019, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Baja California Sur: La Paz: Isla Cerralvo, 24.2112, - 109.85929; 506 m, 27 - I- 1987, L. Cervantes, 1 ♀; 28 - I- 1987, A. Medina, 1 ♀ (CNIN). La Paz, 24.16667, - 110.283333, 67 m, 26 - III- 1990, D. Brzoska, 1 ♀ (SEMC); La Paz, 10 mi S, 23.99908, - 110.28863; 155 m, 16 - X- 1971, C. D. Michener, 2 ♀ (SEMC); Los Barriles, 23.68123, - 109.71387; 42 m, 24 - III- 1990, D. Brzoska, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Loreto: Insurgentes 66 km NE nr. Última Agua, 25.60485, - 111.32328; 350 m, 13 - IV- 1994, F. A. Noguera, 1 ♂ (EBCH). Los Cabos: Cabo San Lucas, Rancho San Carlos, 2 - VIII- 1981, Zaragoza, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Ciudad de México: Álvaro Obregón: 19.35056, - 99.21304; 2385 m, 21 - IX- 2018, 2 ♂ (ECOAB); Coyoacán: Ciudad Universitaria, 19.320295, - 99.193718; 2320 m, 15 - XII- 2014, I. Hinojosa, 2 ♀; 17 - XII- 2014, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀; 2 - I- 2015, I. Hinojosa, 3 ♀; 20 - VI- 2015, A. C. Martínez, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Coyoacán, REPSA, Ciudad Universitaria, 19.314565, - 99.191903; 2328 m, A. C. Martínez: 20 - VI- 2015, 1 ♀; 18 - VII- 2015, 1 ♂; 25 - VII- 2015, 1 ♀; 1 - VII- 2015, 1 ♀; 1 - IX- 2015, 1 ♀; 5 - IX- 2015, 2 ♀; 19 - IX- 2015, 1 ♀; 27 - IX- 2015, 1 ♀; 10 - 10 - 2015, 1 ♀; 14 - XI- 2015, 1 ♀; 28 - XI- 2015, 1 ♀; 6 - XII- 2015, 3 ♀; 19 - XII- 2015, 2 ♀; 29 - XII- 2015, 2 ♀; 9 - I- 2016, 2 ♂ 3 ♀; 21 - II- 2016, 1 ♀; 1 - V- 2016, 6 ♀; 11 - VIII- 2016, 1 ♀; 30 - VIII- 2016, 1 ♀; 7 - IX- 2016, 6 ♀; 24 - X- 2016, 2 ♀; 18 - XI- 2016, 1 ♀; 17 - I- 2017, 1 ♀; 9 - II- 2017, 1 ♀; 3 - V- 2017, 3 ♀; 2 - VI- 2017, 5 ♀; 25 - VI- 2017, 2 ♀ (CNIN). Guanajuato: Cuerámaro: San Gregorio, 20.54361, - 101.61638; 1700 m, L. Godínez, 26 - VI- 1989, 2 ♀; 24 - VIII- 1989, 1 ♀; 31 - VIII- 1989, 2 ♀; 28 - VII- 1990, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Silao: León, 13 mi SE, 21.00801, - 101.52418; 1800 m, 19 - VIII- 1954, C. D. Michen- er, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Guerrero: Pilcaya: Grutas, 2 km SE, hwy 55, 18.67007, - 99.51193; 1163 m, 6 - I- 1989, R. Minckley, B. Danforth, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San Luis Acatlán: Yoloxochitl, 16.81583, - 98.69027; 600 m, J. Amith. 1 ♀ (CNIN), Hidalgo: San Agustín Metzquititlán: Barranca de Venados, 20.47156, - 98.66944; 1322 m, 5 - VII- 1973, B. Ramírez, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Jalisco: Chapala: 20.29731, - 103.18879, 1541 m, 15 - X- 1968, G. E. Bohart, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Lagos de Moreno: 15.5 mi NE, 21.50477, - 101.76050; 1930 m, 26 - VII- 1962, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped., 2 ♀ (SEMC). Mazamitla: Mazamitla 15 km S, 19.8687, - 103.095; 1768 m, C. M. Estrada, 19 - III- 1990, 1 ♀, 29 - IV- 1990, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Zapotlán el Grande: Ciudad Guzmán, 16 km SW, 19.6534, - 103.55249; 1894 m, 18 - VII- 1989, T. L. Griswold, 3 ♀ (BBSL). Ciudad Guzmán, 9 km SW, 19.62879, - 103.52430; 1735 m, 17 - VII- 1989, C. Everaerts, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 17 - VII- 1989, C. Everaert, Crotalaria acapulcensis, 2 ♀, 18 - VII- 1989, L. Godínez, 5 ♀; T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 18 - VII- 1989, T. L. Griswold, 3 ♀ (BBSL). Estado de México: Ixtapan de la Sal: 18.84375, - 99.67552; 1900 m, 30 - X- 1991, T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Ixtapan de la Sal, 18.84375, - 99.67552; 1900 m, 30 - X- 1991, A. Rodríguez, 2 ♀; R. Ayala, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 3 - IX- 1996, R. W. Brooks, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San Pedro Tlacochaca, 18.85753, - 99.64716; 1800 m, 9 - XI- 2015, 12: 00 h, J. López, 1 ♀; 10 - XI- 2015, 8: 50 h, J. López, 1 ♀ (ECOAB); Malinalco: 18.94833, - 99.49472, 1745 m, - 8 - 1942, C. Bolivar, 1 ♂; - 8 - 1943, E. Bolivar, 1 ♀; Tenancingo: 18.96166, - 99.59000; 2035 m, 24 - V- 1948, O. Hecht, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Michoacán: E. Zarate, 1 ♀ (MZFC); Arteaga: 36.7 km NE, 18.5, - 101.98; 328 m, 16 - VII- 1989, R. W. Brooks, 1 ♀ (SEMC); La Piedad: Ciudad del Sol, 20.37079, - 102.02304; 1695 m, 14 - VII- 1981, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (MZFC); La Piedad, 20.3430, - 102.0300; 1693 m, R. Ayala: 10 - III- 1981, 1 ♀; 10 - VIII- 1981, 3 ♀; 10 - IX- 1982, 1 ♀ (EBCH), 10 - VII- 1983, 1 ♀ (MZFC); Villamar: La Presa Nueva, 19.95941, - 102.5836; 1591 m, 13 - VIII- 2014, A. C. Martínez, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Morelos: Cuautla: 18.82275, - 98.94137; 1330 m, H. Brailovsky, 22 - VI- 2008, 1 ♀; 9 - III- 2014, 1 ♀ (CNIN); Miacatlán: Laguna de Coatetelco, 18.73983, - 99.32693; 964 m, 16 - VI- 1986, A. Novelo, 2 ♀ (CNIN); Tepalcingo: 18.59222, - 98.84555; 1170 m, 19 - IX- 1984, J. Avila, 1 ♀ (MZFC); Tepoztlán: Santa Catarina, 18.970031, - 99.138649; 1615 m, 6 - VIII- 1971, F. M. de la Escalera, 1 ♀ (CNIN); Xochitepec: Alpuyeca, 18.73591, - 99.26289; 1028 m, H. Evans, 27 - VI- 1951, 1 ♀; 3 - VII- 1951, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Yautepec: Cañón de Lobos, 18.862582, - 99.123091; 1296 m, 12 - VII- 1969, M. Sousa, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Nayarit: Acaponeta: 22.502016, - 105.35524; 31 m, 29 - IX- 1966, G. E. Bohart, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Ahuacatlán: 21.05143, - 104.47230; 1015 m, 18 - VII- 1951, H. Evans, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Del Nayar: Jesús María, 22.25176, - 104.51127; 451 m, 23 - X- 1989, A. Cadena, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Del Nayar, Mesa del Nayar-El Magueyito, 22.22577, - 104.67258; 1661 m, 4 - XI- 2014, 14: 20 h, J. López, 1 ♀; J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Río Santiago, Playa Golondrinas, 21.64177, - 104.596091; 332 m, 25 - V- 1991, R. Barba, 1 ♂ (CNIN). Isla María Cleofas: 21.305602, - 106.24044; 116 m, - 4 - 2016, J. Cruzado, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Isla María Madre: Camp. Mariano Escobedo, 21.635208, - 106.549366; 55 m, 1 - XII- 1986, V. Meléndez, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Campamento 21 de marzo, 21.635208, - 106.54936; 55 m, 2 - XII- 1986, L. Cervantes, 1 ♀; V. Meléndez, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Isla María Magdalena: 21.455699, - 106.406187; 191 m, 25 - XI- 1986, R. Barba, 1 ♀; V. Meléndez, 2 ♀; 26 - XI- 1986, V. Meléndez, 3 ♀ (CNIN). San Blas: 21.53333. - 105.28333; 2 m, 26 - XII- 1983, F. D. Parker, 3 ♀ 1 ♂ (BBSL). Tepic: Unión Ríos Santiago y Huaynamota, 27 - XI- 1991, R. Barba, E. Barrera, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Oaxaca: Tuxtepec-Oaxaca, km 202, 26 - XII- 1990, L. Godínez, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Animas Trujano: 16.98861, - 96.71278; 1527 m, 25 - X- 1989, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Coatecas Altas: 16.4936, - 96.616; 1593 m, 12 - XII- 2018, 13: 15 h, O. Caballero, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Magdalena Apasco: El Puente, Carretera a San Juan, 17.24119, - 96.81888; 1664 m, 12 - I- 2016, 10: 50 h, P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz: El Zompantle, carr 175, 16.41447, - 96.66932; 1554 m, 11 - I- 2016, 13: 15 h, P. Sagot, 4 ♀ (ECOAB). Monjas: 16.4711, - 96.6318; 1892 m, 22 - XII- 2018, 9: 00 h, I. Pérez, 2 ♀; O. Caballero, 3 ♀; P. Sagot, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). Oaxaca de Juárez: Oaxaca Ciudad, 17.06692, - 96.72253; 1562 m, 28 - IV- 2012, 11: 00 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Oaxaca de Juárez, 17.07197, - 96.73087; 1656 m, 20 - VII- 1937, A. Mead, 1 ♀; 19 - II- 1954, R. Dreisbach, 3 ♀; 19 - XII- 1990, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San Felipe del Agua, 17.11178, - 96.716692; 1733 m, 14 - I- 2020, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Reyes Etla: 17.20437, - 96.80789; 21 - II- 1991, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (SEMC). San Dionisio Ocotepec: 16.79182, - 96.35637; 1773 m, 8 - XII- 2018, 16: 50 h, P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). San Francisco Telixtlahuaca: Carr. 135 a Cuicatlán, 17.3257, - 96.9339; 1906 m, 26 - XII- 2018, 9: 00 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Jeronimo Sosola: EL Capulín, 17.5228, - 96.9470; 1961 m, 26 - XII- 2018, 13: 00 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán: 17.73210, - 96.9436; 622 m, 27 - XII- 2018, 14: 05 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀; L. A. Sosa, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Juan de los Cues: 18.0337, - 97.0200; 1563 m, 29 - XII- 2018, 11: 40 h, I. Pérez, 3 ♀; L. A. Sosa, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Pablo Etla: Cuitlahuac, 17.15561, - 96.75833; 1665 m, 16 - XI- 2015, 8: 40 h, J. López, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 4 ♀ (ECOAB). San Pablo Huitzo: Carr. 190 a Oaxaca, 17.26416, - 96.86392; 1750 m, 4 - I- 2020, 10: 45 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa Ana del Valle: Siinbuichi, 17.00791, - 96.45296; 1830 m, 13 - I- 2016, 16: 00 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán: Monte Albán, 17.04406, - 96.76805; 1929 m, 15 - VII- 1955, R. Beer, 11 ♀; 27 - VI- 1961, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Monte Albán Ruinas, 17.04373, - 96.76807; 1920 m, 1 - V- 2012, 13: 00 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀; 12 - XI- 2015, 9: 30 h, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Yavesía: Santa María Yavesía, 17.23452, - 96.42983; 2001 m, 15 - XII- 2015, 11: 00 h, M. López, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Zoquitlán: Las Casas, 16.63029, - 96.45168; 1435 m, 21 - XI- 2018, 9: 30 h, I. Pérez, 1 ♀; 11: 05 h, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Río cerca del pueblo, 16.56478, - 96.35248; 1011 m, 18 - XI- 2018, 12: 45 h, P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Santiago Chazumba: 18.20833, - 97.65416; 1900 m, C. Vergara: 20 - VII- 1996, 1 ♀; 17 - XII- 1996, 1 ♀ (UDLAP). Santiago Matatlán: Carretera 190, 3 km al Sur del pueblo, 16.84100, - 96.37163; 1824 m, 14 - I- 2016, 10: 50 h, P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Santiago Miltepec: Cuyoyepeji, 2 mi N, 17.95844, - 97.68287; 1800 m, 3 - II- 1972, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Santiago Nacaltepec: San José Aragón, 17.49889, - 96.82770; 1079 m, 4 - XII- 2014, 11: 00 h, L. Reyes, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Santiago Tenango: El Tejocote, 31 mi NW Oaxaca, 17.22347, - 97.01173; 2323 m, 5 - VII- 1969, 2 ♀ 1 ♂ (SEMC). Santo Domingo Tehuantepec: Tehuantepec, 12 mi W, 16.29339, - 95.41169; 441 m, 16 - IX- 1974, W. Hanson, G. E. Bohart, 3 ♀ (BBSL). Santo Tomás Jalieza: Autopista, km 31, 16.84315, - 96.65405; 1555 m, 11 - I- 2016, 15.40 h, P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Santo Tomás Tamazulapam: Cerca terreno de football, 16.27867, - 96.58104; 1688 m, 11 - I- 2016, 12: 05 h, P. Sagot, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). Tepelmeme Villa de Morelos: San José Miahuatlán, 18.05527, - 97.35415; 1940 m, 9 - V- 1997, T. L. Griswold, 3 ♀ (BBSL). Tlacolula Matamoros: Carretera 190, cerca de la cárcel, 16.93551, - 96.434651; 1641 m, 14 - I- 2016, 10: 10 h, P. Sagot, 4 ♀ (ECOAB). Tlalixtac de Cabrera: 17.0733, - 96.6486; 1591 m, 15 - IX- 2017, N. Arnold, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Villa Sola de Vega: Carr. 131 salida a la costa, 16.51655, - 96.98412; 1485 m, 14 - XII- 2018, 9: 50 h, I. Pérez, 2 ♀; N. Arnold, 2 ♀; O. Caballero, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Puebla: Acatlán: Amatitlán, 18.176559, - 98.0784; 1168 m, 8 - VIII- 1969, M. Sousa, 1 ♀, 10 - VIII- 1969, M. Sousa, 1 ♂ (CNIN). Ahuehuetitla: Tehuitzingo, 10 mi SE, 18.22708, - 98.21036; 1205 m, 3 - VII- 1953, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Caltepec: Acatepec, 18.22693, - 97.58611; 1990 m, 7 - V- 1997, T. L. Griswold, 3 ♀ (BBSL). Caltepec, 18.21944, - 97.61111; 2120 m, 13 - IX- 1996, C. Vergara, 2 ♀; R. Ayala, 3 ♀; 15 - IX- 1996, C. Vergara: 1 ♀; 7 - V- 1997, 4 ♀; 8 - V- 1997, 1 ♀; 9 - V- 1997, 1 ♀; 18 - VI- 1997, 6 ♀ (UDLAP). Coxcatlán: Pueblo Nuevo, 18.2102, - 97.1599; 918 m, 29 - XII- 2018, 15: 45 h, P. Sagot, 2 ♀, I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Huehuetlán el Grande: Bienes comunales, 18.75558, - 98.17335; 1345 m, 10 - X- 2017, L. Marín, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Casa Esmeralda, 98.17328, - 98.17328; 1346 m, 16 - XI- 2017, L. Marín, 1 ♀; 11 - I- 2018, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Roquexylo, 18.74210, - 98.16968; 1368 m, 4 - IX- 2017, L. Marín, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Agustín Ahuehuetla, 18.79888, - 98.16805; 1562 m, 12 - XII- 2017, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Hueyapán: 19.88405, - 97.43816; 1651 m, 16 - II- 1964, R. Dreisbach, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Izúcar de Matamoros: Izúcar de Matamoros, SE, 18.59091, - 98.45770; 1281 m, 4 - IX- 1998, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Petlalcingo: 3 mi NW, 18.10122, - 97.96759; 1496 m, 4 - III- 1972, F. D. Parker, D. Miller, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Puebla: Los Ángeles, 18.88873, - 98.16906; 2103 m, 20 - IV- 2018, L. Marín, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). BUAP CU, 19.00192, - 98.19690; 2130 m, 20 - XII- 2017, L. Marín, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Andrés Cholula: 19.05777, - 98.29416; 2127 m, 4 - XI- 2010, M. González, 2 ♀ (UDLAP). San José Miahuatlán: 18.27666, - 97.30138; 1125 m, 9 - V- 1997, C. Vergara, 6 ♀ (UD- LAP). Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán: 17.050788, - 96.759467; 1766 m, 8 - X- 2010, C. Rodríguez, 1 ♂ (UDLAP). Tehuacán: 18.42949, - 97.41565; 1637 m, 23 - VI- 1951, H. Evans, 2 ♀ (SEMC). Tepanco de López: Cacaloapan, 18.578268, - 97.579316; 11 - IV- 1973, C. Beutelspacher, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Tepexco: Izúcar de Matamoros, 9 mi W, 18.63578, - 98.58635; 1313 m, 16 - IX- 1972, W. Hanson, J. Poff, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Zapotitlán: 18.25, - 97.54722; 1700 m, C. Vergara: 24 - XI- 1996, 34 ♀; 16 - XII- 1996, 1 ♀; 23 - II- 1997, 2 ♀ (UDLAP). Zapotitlán, 3 mi S, 18.31851, - 97.50991; 1513 m, F. D. Parker, D. Miller, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Sinaloa: Concordia: 23.28740, - 106.06710; 127 m, 9 - IX- 1970, K. J. Capelle, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Chirimoyos, 23.43750, - 105.81194; 1587 m, 17 - III- 1990, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Cosalá: 24.40314, - 106.74897; 536 m, 14 - X- 2013, 10: 30 h, J. Mérida, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Culiacán: 24.80777, - 107.39265; 52 m, 11 - IX- 1970, G. E. Bohart, R. M. Bohart, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Culiacán, 25.20760, - 107.20028; 584 m, 16 - X- 2013, 10: 45 h, J. Mérida, 1 ♀; E. Esquivel, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Elota: La Cruz, 23.91826, - 106.89813; 20 m, 3 - VI- 1988, R. Minckley, D. Cacavas, 1 ♀. Mazatlán: 23.2267, - 106.4076; 15 m, 28 - X- 1965, G. E. Bohart, A. S. Bohart, 1 ♀; 11 - X- 1968, G. E. Bohart, 4 ♀; 8 - IX- 1980, J. B. Karren, 1 ♀ (BBSL). NO Mazatlán, 23.22423, - 106.40908; 6 m, 17 - VII- 1995, R. Ayala, 2 ♀ (EBCH). Villa Unión, 6 mi N, 23.27230, - 106.21729; 21 m, 9 - IX- 1970, W. J. Hanson, T. L. Withworth, 3 ♀ (BBSL). Salvador Alvarado: Guamachil, 25.46113, - 108.07896; 48 m, 27 - X- 1965, G. E. Bohart, A. S. Bohart, 1 ♀ (BBSL). San Ignacio: Barra de Piaxtla, 23.649475, - 106.800014; 4 m, 18 - VII- 1995, A. Rodríguez, 1 ♀; R. Ayala, 2 ♀; 28 - VII- 1995, F. A. Noguera, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Mazatlán, 46 mi NW, 23.72360, - 106.78090; 20 m, 5 - IX- 1971, J. L. Petty, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Mazatlán, 50 mi NE, 23.93011, - 106.19291; 1101 m, 9 - IX- 1979, W. J. Hanson, T. L. Withworth, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Sonora: Alamos: 27.02479, - 108.93865; 386 m, 1957, P. H. Timberlake, 1 ♀, 27 - IX- 1966, G. E. Bohart, A. S. Bohart, 2 ♀; 4 - IX- 1970, W. J. Hanson, T. L. Withworth, 2 ♀; 6 - IX- 1970, W. J. Hanson, T. L. Withworth, 2 ♀; 7 - IX- 1970, G. E. Bohart, R. M. Bohart, 6 ♀; 27 - VIII- 1976, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Alamos, 27.02479, - 108.93865; 384 m, 7 - IX- 1977, R. Brooks, 2 ♀; 3 - IX- 1991, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 4 - IX- 1991, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (EBCH); Alamos, 12 km SE, 26.93959, - 108.88420; 277 m, 13 - III- 1990, R. Minckley, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Alamos, South East, 27.01892, - 108.91408; 354 m, 5 - IX- 1970, W. J. Hanson, T. L. Withworth, 1 ♀ (BBSL); Alamos, west of, 27.03272, - 108.95602; 422 m, 4 - IX- 1970, W. J. Hanson, T. L. Withworth, 4 ♀ (BBSL). Cajeme: Cócorit, 27.57682, - 109.96003; 35 m, G. E. Bohart, A. S. Bohart: 27 - II- 1966, 1 ♀; 27 - IX- 1966, 3 ♀ (BBSL). Guaymas: Guaymas, 11 mi NW, 28.08160, - 110.95440; 44 m, 25 - IV- 1977, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Magdalena: 30.62705, - 110.96232; 770 m, 2 - IX- 1970, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Moctezuma: 29.80007, - 109.66846; 617 m, 21 - IV- 1990, A. Byron, 1 ♀. Onavas: 7 km al SW de Tonichi Río Yaqui, 28.53310, - 109.56930; 198 m, 23 - IV- 1990, G. Chavarria, 2 ♀ (MZFC). San Javier: Tecoripa, 36 km E, 28.57949, - 109.67955; 683 m, 16 - VII- 1991, T. L. Griswold, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Commentaries. Based on DNA sequences, Sheffield et al. (2020), conclude that X. varipuncta is a synonym of X. sonorina, since this was previously described designating the name X. sonorina; on the other hand, it was also found that the species present in Hawaii corresponds to X. sonorina. Morphologically it is close to X. clarionensis, with a similar color of integument and wings, but distinguished by its size and the diagnostic characters mentioned. X. sonorina has a broader distribuition and X. clarionensis is endemic to the Clarion Island in the archipelago of the Revillagigedo Islands.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD3CFF9FFF42903DFD62FB34.taxon	description	(Figs. 94 – 101, 129 – 131, 140)	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD3CFF9FFF42903DFD62FB34.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length, female, 27.02 mm (25.06 – 28.72; n = 5); male, 25.00 mm (23.90 – 26.32; n = 5). Female: Head without elevated ridges or prominences on frons; ocelli below tangent of the eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disca area with sparse punctures (separated by two or more times their diameter); wings dark brown with dark blue iridescence from base to middle part, papillate region bright green with blue iridescence (Fig. 96); pubescence evenly black; integument of terga evenly black; T 1 to T 5 with sparsely punctures on disc (punctures separated by three or four puncture diameters); T 1 and T 2 with punctures slightly smaller than on the other terga; length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.25 – 0.50, T 3 0.38 – 0.84, T 4 0.64 – 1.17, T 5 1.09 – 1.69. Male: Apical margin of T 1 to T 5 with integumental black bands; metasoma with yellowish-orange pubescence; hind tibia internal distal extreme with a laminar subapical projection, curved distally and continuing on posterior margin like a strong laminar edge, well-defined throughout the posterior margin of the tibia (Fig. 101); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T 2 0.43 – 1.51, T 3 0.64 – 1.12, T 4 0.75 – 1.31, T 5 1.08 – 1.73; Tip of the lateral process of gonostylus ending on an oval shape as broad as shaft of the process.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD3CFF9FFF42903DFD62FB34.taxon	description	Description. Female: Integument and pubescence black; wings with dark blue iridescence from the base to the middle part; papillate region with green and bright blue iridescence (Fig. 96); venation dark. Body length 27.02 mm (25.06 – 28.72; n = 5); length of forewing 23.36 mm (22.69 – 24.29; n = 5); head length 6.40 mm (6.20 – 6.60; n = 5); intertegular distance 8.24 mm (7.75 – 8.65; n = 5); width of T 2 12.43 mm (11.97 – 12.81; n = 5). Head: Clypeus: inferior margin without punctures, with two depressions, with a narrow middle longitudinal line, slightly wider on the disc; superior lateral area with dense punctures; inferolateral areas with more scattered punctures. Genal area, densely punctate on lower area; middle and superior area with punctures separated by two to four times their diameter. Vertex dense punctate; pits on area sublateral to the posterior ocelli of half the diameter of the ocelli. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area with sparse punctures, separated by two or more times their diameter. Hind tibia, basitibial plate with two asymetrical dentiform projections (Fig. 97), with a small notch between them, the anterior projection slightly sharper and narrower than the posterior projection, scutellum convex in profile. Metasoma: Terga densely punctate; T 1 to T 5 with dense punctures on discal area, separated by three or four times their diameter; T 1 and T 2 with punctures slightly smaller than on the other terga; T 6 with dense appressed punctures. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.25 – 0.50, T 3 0.38 – 0.84, T 4 0.64 – 1.17, T 5 1.09 – 1.69. Male: Integument and pubescence of head and mesosoma yellowish or orange. Body length 25.00 mm (23.90 – 26.32; n = 5); length of forewing 20.82 mm (19.44 – 22.16; n = 5); head length 4.85 mm (4.49 – 5.07; n = 5); intertegular distance 7.97 mm (7.50 – 8.29; n = 5); width of T 2 12.43 mm (11.97 – 12.81; n = 5). Head: Labrum with submarginal anterior margin unpunctate; upper margin densely punctate. Clypeus with a dark brown middle longitudinal line, becoming broader on discal area (Fig. 98), and a broad line without punctures toward the upper area; discal area with scattered punctures; lateral and inferolateral extremes with dense punctures, separated by approximately three times their diameter. Lateral ocelli located on the level of upper margin of eyes; pits on sublateral region of posterior ocelli, half the diameter of the ocelli. Vertex with an unpuctate area on the middle region, rest of vertex with densely punctate. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and mesoscutum with dense punctures, separated by 1 time or less their diameter. Wings light brown or orange; venation reddish brown. Posterior tibia with strong external tibial spur; internal distal extreme with a laminar subapical projection, with curved distal extreme that continues by the posterior margin like a strong laminar (carinated) edge, well-defined throughout the posterior margin of the tibia; internal surface with long pubescence toward the base; anterior margin with long hairs, very dense and short toward the apical region; internal posterior margin with principally short pubescence (Fig. 101). Metasoma: Terga with dense uniform punctures; discal area, punctures separated by one and a half to two times their diameter; apical margin of T 1 to T 5 with black bands. T 1 with dense, long, plumose hairs, T 2 to T 5 mainly with simple hairs, some plumose hairs on submarginal areas, T 6 and T 7 with dense, long, simple and plumose hairs. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T 2 0.43 – 1.51, T 3 0.64 – 1.12, T 4 0.75 – 1.31, T 5 1.08 – 1.73. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, obtuse (Fig. 131); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, obtuse, barely noticeable (Fig. 130); tip of the lateral process ending on an oval as broad as shaft of the process (Fig. 130). Variation. Some females may present wings more bluish, or bluish with the papillate region with greenish iridescence.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD3CFF9FFF42903DFD62FB34.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 140). Present in Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico, in the following ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Pine-oak forests of the Central America, Dry forests of the Central Depression of Chiapas, and Humid forests of the Sierra Madre of Chiapas. Broad altitudinal distribution: 315 to 2512 masl.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
FE1487ACAD3CFF9FFF42903DFD62FB34.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 34 ♀ 9 ♂. GUATEMALA: Escuintla: San Vicente Pacaya: Palin, sendero principal Volcán de Pacaya, 14.4121, - 90.6054; 1917 m, 28 - XI- 2012, 1 ♀ (CANG). Villa Nueva: San José Villanueva, 14.5455, - 90.60335; 1472 m, 1 - IX- 2012, M. Vásquez 1 ♂ (CANG). Chimaltenango: Patzun: Cerro Balam Juyu, 14.50885, - 91.006116; 2551 m, 5 - VII- 2012, G. Armas, 1 ♀ (CANG). Chiquimula: Esquipulas: El Refugio, 14.51179, - 89.37375; 1601 m, 2 - VII- 2003, E. Enriquez, 1 ♀ (CANG). Huehuetenango: Jacaltenango: Hotel Jacal, 15.6683, - 91.7078; 1425 m, 18 - II- 2010, J. Mérida, 1 ♀. Sololá: Panajachel: 14.73604, - 91.14947; 1587 m, 2 - XI- 1970, J. Johnson, 2 ♀ 4 ♂ (BBSL). HONDURAS: Francisco Morazán: Escuela Agrícola, 14.0078, - 87.0096, 800 m, - VII- 1966, J. S. Packer, 1 ♂ (BBSL). MEXICO: Chiapas, Acacoyagua: 15.45579, - 92.63989; 1113 m, 15. XII- 2014, J. López, 1 ♀ (ECOAB); Rosario Zacatonales, 15.43365, - 92.65051; 915 m, 28 - V- 2005, R. Ayala, 1 ♀; 29 - V- 2005, M. Guzmán, 2 ♀; 15 - VI- 2007, M. Guzmán, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Bella Vista: Carretera a Bella Vista, 15.6071, - 92.21429; 1827 m, 18 - II- 2012, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Mapastepec: La Palma, 15.53032, - 92.80199; 498 m, 31 - V- 2005, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀; 6 - VII- 2014, M. Duennes, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Reserva — Zona Núcleo, 15.65680, - 92.80894; 1984 m, 13 - V- 2005, C. Balboa, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Los Olivos-orilla del río, 15.5219, - 92.79967; 315 m, 26 - V- 2005, M. Guzmán, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Motozintla: Carretera a El Porvenir, 15.37550, - 92.3379; 2179 m, 13 - XII- 2011, J. Mérida, 1 ♀; E. Pineda, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Carretera Motozintla-Niquivil, 15.33701, - 92.22378; 2230 m, 18 - II- 2014, P. Sagot, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). Llano Grande, Carretera a Motozintla, 15.394532, - 92.33005; 2512 m, 1 - III- 2016, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Siltepec: Carretera a Cumbre Ventanas, 15.52009, - 92.29890; 1896 m, 14 - XII- 2011, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tapachula: Camino Pavencul, 15.2028, - 92.1974; 1852 m, 17 - XII- 2009, J. Mérida, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Tonalá: Ejido Sierra Morena, 16.15319, - 93.60569; 1282 m, 4 - XII- 2011, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Juárez: Chiquihuites, 15.09296, - 92.09861; 1984 m, 17 - II- 2014, P. Sagot, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Talquián, 15.0847, - 92.0836; 18 - XI- 1986, L. Godínez, 1 ♀; 1 - IV- 1992, M. Medina, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Juárez, 15.0618, - 92.08; 1310 m, 25 - XI- 1986, 2 ♂; 18 - II- 1987, F. Pérez, 3 ♀; 10 - IV- 1987, F. Pérez, 1 ♀; 5 - IX- 1989, A. Aquino, 1 ♂; 21 - XI- 1990, F. Pérez, 1 ♀; 27 - XI- 1990, J. Sibaja, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Commentaries. The type specimen described by Cockerell as X. wilmattae (AMNH _ IZC 00323995) was reviewed but lacked antennae and the final tarsi and claws of the middle and posterior legs. Xylocopa wilmattae is the largest species with convex scutellum, and thus may be confused with species of the frontalis group, but may easily be distinguished by the absence of frontal projections. Males in this species do not present a prominent curved subapical projection on the internal distal extreme of the posterior tibia, and it is the only species with thick external tibial spurs on the middle and posterior tibias.	en	Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A., Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo, Pozo, Carmen, Vandame, Rémy (2022): Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Zootaxa 5158 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1
