identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3AF9BF9004AF5B02ABB8BBCC020F3D2F.text	3AF9BF9004AF5B02ABB8BBCC020F3D2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gibellula cebrennini Tasanathai, Kuephadungphan & Luangsa-ard 2020	<div><p>Gibellula cebrennini Tasanathai, Kuephadungphan &amp; Luangsa-ard sp. nov. Figure 2</p><p>Typification.</p><p>Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai National Park, Mo Sing To Nature Trail; 14°711'N, 101°421'E; on Cebrenninus cf. magnus ( Thomisidae, Araneae) attached to the underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 20 June 2012; K. Tasanathai, S. Mongkolsamrit, A. Khonsanit, W. Noisripoom, P. Srikitikulchai, K. Sansatchanon, R. Somnuk (Holotype no. BBH 35749, ex-type culture no. BCC 53604, isolated from ascospores and BCC 53605, isolated from conidia). GenBank (BCC 53605): ITS = MT477069, LSU = MT477062, TEF1 = MT503328, RPB1 = MT503321, RPB2 = MT503336.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to its spider host.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Synnema arising from white to cream mycelial mat completely covering the spider host, cylindric, white to cream, slightly enlarged toward the sterile tip, consisting of multiseptate somewhat loosely bound longitudinal hyphae (Fig. 2a, c). Conidiophores scattered, arising from a network of hyphae loosely attached to the surface of the synnema, occasionally from a mycelium covering the host, (45-)95-139(-150) × (5-)5.5-7(-8) μm, verrucose, multiseptate, tapering abruptly to a short distinct neck, enlarging into a broadly ellipsoid to globose vesicle, (4.5-)5.5-7.5(-8.5) μm in diam (Fig. 2g). Metulae borne on vesicle, broadly obovoid to obovoid, (5-)6-7.5(-9) × (3-)4.5-6(-6.5) μm, bearing a group of narrowly obovoid phialides, thickened towards papillate apices, (4-)5.5-7.5(-9) × 1.5-2.5(-3.5) μm (Fig. 2h). Vesicle, metulae and phialides forming spherical heads, (23-)24-29.5(-33.5) μm in diam (Fig. 2h). Conidia fusiform, (4-)5.5-7.5(-9) × 1.5-2.5(-3.5) μm (Fig. 2i). Perithecia developed on subiculum of the host, arranged sparingly, occasionally crowded, superficial with a loose covering of cream mycelia, reddish yellow, ovoid, (1,150-)1,209-1,400(-1,411) × (375-)427-505(-575) μm (Fig, 2b, d). Asci over 600 μm long, (3.5-)4-5(-6) μm wide, ascus cap, (6-)7-8.5(-10) × (3.5-)4-4.5(-5) μm (Fig. 2e). Ascospores bacilliform, multiseptate, whole, over 570 μm long, 1-1.5 μm wide (Fig. 2f). Granulomanus -like asexual morph often occurring on the mycelial mat covering the host body. Polyblastic and irregularly shaped phialides developing multiple denticles, each bearing filiform conidium, (6-)7.5-10(-12) × 1-1.5 μm (Fig. 2j).</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies derived from conidia, on PDA slow-growing, attaining a diam of 1.4 ± 0.05 cm in 4 weeks at 25 °C, white, velvety; reverse cream, becoming light brown with age toward center (Fig. 2k). Sporulation not observed.</p><p>Additional specimen examined.</p><p>Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai National Park, Kong Kaeo Waterfall; 14°711'N, 101°421'E; on Araneida, underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 28 November 2006; K. Tasanathai, W. Chaygate, B. Thongnuch (BBH 18890, BCC 23863); Mo Sing To Nature Trail; 14°711'N, 101°421'E; on Cebrenninus cf. magnus, underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 18 June 2008; J. Luangsa-ard, K. Tasanathai, S. Mongkolsamrit, B. Thongnuch, P. Srikitikulchai, R. Ridkaew, W. Chaygate, R. Promharn (BBH 24673, BCC 32072). On Cebrenninus cf. magnus, underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 11 September 2009; K. Tasanathai, P. Srikitikulchai, S. Mongkolsamrit, T. Chohmee, R. Ridkaew (BBH 32685, BCC 39705 and BCC 39706). On Cebrenninus cf. magnus, underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 6 June 2012; K. Tasanathai, S. Mongkolsamrit, A. Khonsanit, W. Noisripoom, P. Srikitikulchai (BBH 32589, BCC 53551).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3AF9BF9004AF5B02ABB8BBCC020F3D2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kuephadungphan, Wilawan;Tasanathai, Kanoksri;Petcharad, Booppa;Khonsanit, Artit;Stadler, Marc;Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer	Kuephadungphan, Wilawan, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, Petcharad, Booppa, Khonsanit, Artit, Stadler, Marc, Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer (2020): Phylogeny- and morphology-based recognition of new species in the spider-parasitic genus Gibellula (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae) from Thailand. MycoKeys 72: 17-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.55088, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.55088
85B98007DE5B5741AEF04585383FA25A.text	85B98007DE5B5741AEF04585383FA25A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gibellula fusiformispora Tasanathai, Kuephadungphan & Luangsa-ard 2020	<div><p>Gibellula fusiformispora Tasanathai, Kuephadungphan &amp; Luangsa-ard sp. nov. Figure 3</p><p>Typification.</p><p>Thailand, Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao District, Ban Huathung; 19°420'N, 98°971'E; on Araneida attached to the underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 5 October 2012; K. Tasanathai, A. Khonsanit, W. Noisripoom, P. Srikitikulchai, R. Promharn (Holotype no. BBH 32918, ex-type culture no. BCC 56802, isolated from conidia) GenBank: ITS = MT477070, LSU = MT477063, TEF1 = MT503329, RPB1 = MT503322, RPB2 = MT503337.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the fusiform part-spores.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Spiders totally covered by the white to cream mycelial mat. A single synnema or synnemata in pairs cream to light brown, often darker than the mycelia covering the host, narrowing toward the apex and terminating in a swollen sterile tip with acute apex (Fig. 3a-c). Conidiophores arising laterally from the outer layer of synnemata, crowded, (23-)31-53(-83) × (4-)5.5-6.5(-7.5) μm, mostly verrucose, occasionally slightly roughed for very short conidiophores, abruptly narrowing to a slender apex and forming a globose to subglobose vesicle (Fig. 3c, i). Vesicles 6-7(-8) μm in diam, each bearing a number of metulae (Fig. 3j). Metulae obovoid to broadly obovoid, (7-)7.5-9(-10) × (4.5-)5-5.5(-6) μm (Fig. 3j). Phialides borne on metulae, narrowly obovoid, 7-8.5(-10) × 2-3 μm bearing fusiform to broadly fusiform conidia, (3.5-)4-5(-6) × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm (Fig. 3h, j). Conidial heads spherical, (31-)32-34.5(-37) μm in diam (Fig. 3j). Perithecia mostly appearing in pairs, ovoid, superficial with a loose covering of white to cream mycelia, reddish yellow, up to 1,000 μm in length, 320-350 μm in width (Fig. 3d-e). Asci 600-700 × 7-8 μm (Fig. 3f). Ascospores often disarticulating into part-spores. Part-spores fusiform, 12-15 × 2-3 μm (Fig. 3g). Granulomanus -like asexual morph absent.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies derived from conidia, on PDA slow-growing, attaining a diam of 1.1 ± 0.03 cm in 20 days at 25 °C, white, velvety; reverse cream, becoming light brown with age toward center (Fig. 3k). Sporulation not observed.</p><p>Additional specimen examined.</p><p>Thailand, Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao District, Ban Huathung; 19°420'N, 98°971'E; on Deinopidae ( Araneae) attached to the underside of unidentified monocot leaf; 23 September 2010; K. Tasanathai, P. Srikitikulchai, A. Khonsanit, K. Sansatchanon (BBH 38838, BCC 45076 and BCC 45077).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The sexual morph of G. fusiformispora is extremely close to Torrubiella ellipsoidea (Kobayasi and Shimizu 1982) in producing slightly curved fusiform part-spores of maximum 3 µm wide, whereas those of G. fusiformispora are almost two times wider. Considering the Gibellula conidial state, G. fusiformispora resembled G. cebrennini by forming synnema with sterile swollen tip, aspergillate conidiophores and fusiform conidia. However, G. fusiformispora can be easily recognized by having much shorter conidiophores, and the production of more than one synnema on the spider hosts.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/85B98007DE5B5741AEF04585383FA25A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kuephadungphan, Wilawan;Tasanathai, Kanoksri;Petcharad, Booppa;Khonsanit, Artit;Stadler, Marc;Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer	Kuephadungphan, Wilawan, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, Petcharad, Booppa, Khonsanit, Artit, Stadler, Marc, Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer (2020): Phylogeny- and morphology-based recognition of new species in the spider-parasitic genus Gibellula (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae) from Thailand. MycoKeys 72: 17-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.55088, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.55088
5335E10AEAD1526F8D8B10719F05BBE2.text	5335E10AEAD1526F8D8B10719F05BBE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gibellula pigmentosinum Tasanathai, Kuephadungphan & Luangsa-ard 2020	<div><p>Gibellula pigmentosinum Tasanathai, Kuephadungphan &amp; Luangsa-ard sp. nov. Figure 4</p><p>Typification.</p><p>Thailand. Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai National Park, Mo Sing To Nature Trail; 14°711'N, 101°421'E; on Storenomorpha sp., attached to underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 10 February 2010; K. Tasanathai, P. Srikitikulchai, S. Mongkolsamrit, T. Chohmee, R. Ridkaew, A. Khonsanit (Holotype no. BBH 28509, ex-type culture no. BCC 41203, isolated from ascospores and BCC 41204, isolated from conidia). GenBank (BCC 41203): ITS = MT477071, TEF1 = MT503330, RPB1 = MT503323.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the capability of the fungus to produce pigmentosins.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Spider host completely covered by white to yellowish-white mycelial mat. Synnemata solitary or in pairs, cylindrical, white, becoming yellowish-white at the base (Fig. 4a). Conidiophores arising along the entire length of the outer hyphae of synnemata and from the mycelia covering the host, crowded, smooth to verrucose, (55-)97.5-170(-226) × (5-)7-10(-12.5) µm, narrowing to a slender apex, and terminating in a swollen vesicle, metulae, phialides bearing conidia, forming a spherical conidial head (Fig. 4a, f). Conidial heads (25-)30-39(-45) µm diam (Fig. 4g). Vesicles mostly globose, (4.5-)5.5-9(-10) µm diam (Fig. 4g). Metulae borne on a vesicle, broadly obovoid, (5.5-)6-8(-10) × (3-)4-6(-7.5) µm (Fig. 4g), bearing phialides. Phialides obovoid to clavate, with a distinct short neck, (5-)5.5-8(-9) × 2-3(-4.5) µm (Fig. 4g). Conidia produced on a phialide, obovoid with an acute apex, (2.5-)3.5-5(-5.5) × 1-2(-3) µm (Fig. 4h). Perithecia produced on the mycelial mat on the head and body of the spider, scattered, superficial with loose mycelia covering only the bottom one-fourth of the perithecium, ovoid, reddish-yellow, (790-)882-1,117(-1,150) × 300-443(-475) μm (Fig. 4a, b). Asci cylindrical, 700-750 μm long, (4.5-)5-6(-7) μm wide, ascus cap (4-)5.5-6.5(-7) × 3.5-4(-5.5) μm (Fig. 4c). Ascospores filiform, multiseptate, arranged in parallel rows, (666-)670-727(-730) × 2-3 μm, often breaking into 128 part-spores (Fig. 4d). Part-spores bacilliform with apices rounded, (3.5-)4-7(-9) × 1-1.5(-3) μm (Fig. 4e). Granulomanus -like asexual morph occasionally present, forming irregularly branched hyphae bearing mono- or polyblastic phialides. Phialides irregularly in shape, mostly smooth, with one or more conspicuous denticles. A conidium borne on each denticle, long, filiform, (16-)16.5-21.5(-22.5) × 1-1.5 μm (Fig. 4i).</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies derived from ascospores, on PDA slow-growing, attaining a diam of 1.5 ± 0.2 cm in 4 weeks at 25 °C, white, floccose; reverse light brown, darkening with age toward center (Fig. 4j). Sporulation not observed.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai National Park, Mo Sing To Nature Trail; 14°711'N, 101°421'E; on Storenomorpha sp., underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 13 August 2009; K. Tasanathai, P. Srikitikulchai, S. Mongkolsamrit, T. Chohmee, R. Ridkaew (BBH 26516, BCC 38246 and BCC 38955); on Araneida, underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 11 September 2009; K. Tasanathai, P. Srikitikulchai, S. Mongkolsamrit, T. Chohmee, R. Ridkaew (BBH 27081, BCC 39707 and BCC 39708); on Storenomorpha sp., underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 7 April 2010; K. Tasanathai, S. Mongkolsamrit, T. Chohmee, A. Khonsanit, R. Ridkaew (BBH 28533, BCC 41870 and BCC 41871).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Gibellula pigmentosinum shares similarity with G pulchra (Mains 1950) in producing cylindric, yellowish white synnemata bearing aspergillate conidiophores with fusoid-ellipsoid conidia and superficial, reddish brown, ovoid perithecia containing bacilliform part-ascospores. The synnemata in G pulchra are more copious and sometimes more violaceous than in G. pigmentosinum . Remarkably, G. pigmentosinum distinctly differs from G pulchra in having a granulomanus-like conidial state.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5335E10AEAD1526F8D8B10719F05BBE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kuephadungphan, Wilawan;Tasanathai, Kanoksri;Petcharad, Booppa;Khonsanit, Artit;Stadler, Marc;Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer	Kuephadungphan, Wilawan, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, Petcharad, Booppa, Khonsanit, Artit, Stadler, Marc, Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer (2020): Phylogeny- and morphology-based recognition of new species in the spider-parasitic genus Gibellula (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae) from Thailand. MycoKeys 72: 17-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.55088, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.55088
9B6A9DAA741F5609B789ADAE8F27A665.text	9B6A9DAA741F5609B789ADAE8F27A665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gibellula scorpioides Tasanathai, Khonsanit, Kuephadungphan & Luangsa-ard 2020	<div><p>Gibellula scorpioides Tasanathai, Khonsanit, Kuephadungphan &amp; Luangsa-ard sp. nov. Figure 5</p><p>Typification.</p><p>Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai National Park, Mo Sing To Nature Trail, 14°711'N, 101°421'E; on Portia sp. attached to the underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 1 June 2011; K. Tasanathai, P. Srikitikulchai, S. Mongkolsamrit, A. Khonsanit, K. Sansatchanon, W. Noisripoom (Holotype no. BBH 31439, ex-type culture no. BCC 47975, isolated from ascospores and BCC 47976, isolated from conidia) GenBank (BCC 47976): ITS = MT477078, LSU = MT477066, TEF1 = MT503335, RPB1 = MT503325, RPB2 = MT503339.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the outer appearance of the fungus resembling the posture of a scorpion.</p><p>Description.</p><p>White to grayish- or brownish-white mycelial mat velvety, completely covering the spider host, firmly attaching the underside of living leaf by the mycelia covering its legs (Fig. 5a, b). Synnema solitary, arising from the posterior of the host abdomen, cylindrical, consisting of a compact bundle of parallel hyphae, 15-20 mm long with blunt tip. Conidiophores arising laterally from synnema, stout, smooth, mostly biverticillate, 20-29(-30) × 4 μm (Fig. 5d). Vesicles absent or hardly developed, bearing multiple metulae. Metulae obovoid, slightly broadening toward the base, (7-)9.5-12.5(-15) × (2-)3-5(-7) μm (Fig. 5e). A number of phialides borne on each metula, broadly cylindrical, abruptly tapering toward the apex, forming thickened distinct short neck, (9-)10-12.5(-14) × (2-)2.5-3.5(-4) μm, each bearing a conidium (Fig. 5e). Conidia fusiform, 5-7(-9) × (1.5-)2-3 μm (Fig. 5f). Sexual morph occasionally present. Perithecia occurring on the mycelial mat covering the host legs, occasionally on synnema particularly at base, superficial, mostly arranged in groups, ovoid, reddish yellow or light honey-brown, one-third immersed in the loose network of mycelia, 750-836(-870) × 310-361(-380) μm (Fig. 5c). Asci over 550 μm in length, (3-)4-5.5(-7) μm in width, ascus tip (4-)4.5-5 × 3-3.5(-4) μm (Fig. 5g, h). Ascospores often breaking into part-spores. Part-spores bacilliform, (9-)10-15(-22) × 1.5-2 μm (Fig. 5i). Granulomanus -like asexual morph absent.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies derived from conidia, on PDA slow-growing, attaining a diam of 1.5 ± 0.1 cm in 4 weeks at 25 °C, floccose, forming irregular margin, white, reverse cream, darkening toward center with age (Fig. 5l). Sporulation occurring after 3-4 months with the absence of synnema, forming a group of conidiophores, grey and scatter. Conidiophores biverticillate. Vesicles absent or hardly developed. Metulae obovoid, (10-)11-14.5(-16) × 3-5.5(-7) μm, each bearing cylindrical phialides, (10-)11.5-14(-16) × 3-4 μm . Conidia fusiform, 5-6(-7) × 3-3.5(-4) μm .</p><p>Additional specimens examined. Thailand, Chumphon, Phato District, Phato Watershed Conservation and Management Unit; 9°784'N, 98°699'E; on Portia sp., underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 10 March 2011; K. Tasanathai, P. Srikitikulchai, A. Khonsanit, K. Sansatchanon, D. Thanakitpipattana (BBH 30499, BCC 47530). Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai National Park, Mo Sing To Nature Trail; 14°711'N, 101°421'E; on Portia sp., underside of unidentified dicot leaf; 1 June 2011; K. Tasanathai, P. Srikitikulchai, S. Mongkolsamrit, A. Khonsanit, K. Sansatchanon, W. Noisripoom (BBH 29669, BCC 43298).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The morphology of G. scorpioides appeared to be very close to G clavulifera var. clavulifera (Samson and Evans 1977), G clavulifera var. major (Tzean et al. 1997) and G clavulifera var. alba (Humber and Rombach 1987). The penicillate conidiophores were largely absent from the whip-like stroma in G clavulifera var. alba but distinctly present on a synnema of G. scorpioides . Based on a comparison of microscopic characteristics among G. scorpioides, varieties clavulifera, major and alba, the latter three were found to produce much longer conidiophores (up to 100 μm) than G. scorpioides (20-29(-30) × 4 μm) while the other characters such as metulae, phialides as well as conidia were considered to be not significantly different in both shape and size. Considering the presence of the torrubiella-like sexual morph, perithecia of G clavulifera var. alba were produced sparingly and separately on the host abdomen while those of G. scorpioides distinctly appeared in groups, only on the spider’s legs and basally on synnema. Nevertheless, an examination of additional specimens has led us to conclude that the sexual morph is not always present in G. scorpioides .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B6A9DAA741F5609B789ADAE8F27A665	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kuephadungphan, Wilawan;Tasanathai, Kanoksri;Petcharad, Booppa;Khonsanit, Artit;Stadler, Marc;Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer	Kuephadungphan, Wilawan, Tasanathai, Kanoksri, Petcharad, Booppa, Khonsanit, Artit, Stadler, Marc, Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer (2020): Phylogeny- and morphology-based recognition of new species in the spider-parasitic genus Gibellula (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae) from Thailand. MycoKeys 72: 17-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.55088, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.55088
