identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FD48879CB639FFD0FF2043F3FF0EF853.text	FD48879CB639FFD0FF2043F3FF0EF853.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alyxoria apomelaena (A. Massal.) Ertz 2015	<div><p>** Alyxoria apomelaena (A.Massal.) Ertz, comb. nov. (Fig. 2A) MycoBank no. MB 812518</p> <p>Basionym. Opegrapha apomelaena A.Massal., in Krempelhuber (1871: 864).</p> <p>The species belongs to the genus Alyxoria recently resurrected for the Opegrapha varia group (Ertz &amp; Tehler 2011), because of its ascus and ascospores types. So far this lichen has been known from the Paleotropics, where it is widespread. It is characterized by an inspersed hymenium and large, mainly 8–12-septate ascospores (Ertz 2009).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. José Miguel de Velasco, Hacienda Chirapa near Florida, 14°33’22”S, 61°16’03”W, 200 m, lowland Amazon forest, corticolous 16 December 2009, AF 16252.1 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB639FFD0FF2043F3FF0EF853	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63EFFD7FF2043A5FD7CFDF0.text	FD48879CB63EFFD7FF2043A5FD7CFDF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chiodecton sphaerale Ach. Thor 1990	<div><p>Chiodecton sphaerale Ach. (Fig. 2B)</p> <p>This Neotropical lichen is known from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Panama, Peru and Venezuela (Vainio 1890; López-Figueiras 1986; Hekking &amp; Sipman 1988; Thor 1990). In Bolivia it has been known only from a single 19 th century record (Thor 1990).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Apolo, 14°50’15”S, 68°26’58”W, 1430 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.200558&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.63" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.200558/lat -14.63)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 17 May 2011, AF 20800 &amp; OP, MK 8758 (KRAM, LPB, UGDA). Prov. Nor Yungas, COTAPATA, near Urpuma, 16º13’20”S, 67º52’34”W, 1989 m, Yungas montane forest, 30 June 2010, AF 17134 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB). Dept. Santa Cruz: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.200558&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.63" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.200558/lat -14.63)">Prov. José Miguel de Velasco</a>, Sendero de goma near Florida, 14°37’48”S, 61°12’02”W, 170 m, lowland Amazon secondary forest, 16 December 2009, AF 16060 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Manuel María Caballero, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.70305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.830557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.70305/lat -17.830557)">El Camino de Orquideas</a>, 17°49’50”S, 64°42’11”W, 2415 m, Yungas cloud forest, 17 August 2012, MK 11597 (LPB, UGDA).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63EFFD7FF2043A5FD7CFDF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63EFFD7FF20418DFC23FB64.text	FD48879CB63EFFD7FF20418DFC23FB64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coniocarpon cinnabarinum DC.	<div><p>* Coniocarpon cinnabarinum DC.</p> <p>syn. Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr.</p> <p>This widespread species is common in the tropics and sighted in all continents except Antarctica. In the Neotropics it has been recorded e.g. from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador and Venezuela (López-Figueiras 1986; Galloway &amp; Quilhot 1998; Sipman &amp; Wolf 1998; Calvelo &amp; Liberatore 2002; Sipman 2006; Boom et al. 2007; Cáceres 2007; Sipman et al. 2008; Coppins &amp; Aptroot 2009; Lücking et al. 2011; Frisch et al. 2014; McCarthy 2014).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Beni: Prov. Cercado, Isla de los Caimánes near San Pedro Nuevo, 14°30’11”S, 64°52’21”W, 155 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.872505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.503056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.872505/lat -14.503056)">Amazon forest</a>, 1 September 2012, MK 12005 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Marbán, near road from Camiaco to San Lorenzo, 15°14’49”S, 64°49’11”W, 160 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.81972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.246944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.81972/lat -15.246944)">Amazon forest</a>, 30 August 2012, MK 11945 (LPB, UGDA); near San Lorenzo, 15°12’59”S, 64°47’08”W, 160 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.503334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.275/lat -17.503334)">Amazon forest</a>, 28 August 2012, MK 11887 &amp; 11890 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, CARRASCO, near Sehuencas, 17°30’12”S, 65°16’30”W, 2220 m, Yungas cloud forest, corticolous, 21 July 2008, AF 10397, MK 6312 &amp; PR (LPB); Prov. Chapare, CARRASCO, near Incachaca, 17°15’10”S, 65°48’51”W, 2330 m, disturbed montane cloud forest, 23 July 2008, MK 6728 (LPB, UGDA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.2026&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.637" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.2026/lat -15.637)">Dept. La Paz</a>: Prov. Sud Yungas, Alto Beni, San Antonio, 405 m, 15°38.220’S, 67°12.156’W, 29 June 1999, N. Derakshani 17 (B, GOET).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63EFFD7FF20418DFC23FB64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63EFFD7FF2047F9FEBCF9EC.text	FD48879CB63EFFD7FF2047F9FEBCF9EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cresponea endosulphurea A. A. Menezes, M. Caceres & Aptroot	<div><p>* Cresponea endosulphurea A.A. Menezes, M. Cáceres &amp; Aptroot</p> <p>The species was only known from the type locality in Brazil (Menezes et al. 2013a).</p> <p>The Bolivian specimens have 5–9-septate ascospores measuring 31–55 × 5–6.5 μm and slightly differ from those of the type material in which the ascospores are consistently 7-septate and measure 37–43 × 5–7 μm according to Menezes et al. (2013a).</p> <p>Specimen examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. José Miguel de Velasco, Hacienda Chirapa near Florida village, 14°33’22”S, 61°16’03”W, 200 m, lowland Amazon forest, 16 December 2009, corticolous, AF 16209, 16229 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63EFFD7FF2047F9FEBCF9EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63EFFD6FF204571FB44FD18.text	FD48879CB63EFFD6FF204571FB44FD18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cresponea leprieurii (Mont.) Egea & Torrente	<div><p>* Cresponea leprieurii (Mont.) Egea &amp; Torrente s.l. (Fig. 2C)</p> <p>Cresponea leprieurii is similar to C. proximata (Nyl.) Egea &amp; Torrente but differs by its longer [(34–)38–65 μm; 25–38(–40) μm in C. proximata] and more septate [(8–)9–14 septate; 5–7(–8) septate in C. proximata] ascospores (Egea &amp; Torrente 1993). The Bolivian specimens are often intermediate between both taxa and have long (35–58 μm) ascospores as in C. leprieurii but less septate [with (5–)6–9 septa]. Some specimens have yellow pruinose ascomata, while others produce epruinose ascomata, but in some cases both types of ascomata are present in one specimen. Therefore we have decided to assign all the material to C. leprieurii pending a molecular revision of this group.</p> <p>In the Neotropics C. leprieurii has been reported from the Caribbean islands, Brazil, Colombia, Guayana, Mexico and the USA (Vainio 1890; Egea &amp; Torrente 1993).</p> <p>Specimen examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, PNANMI Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco, Bañados del Izozog, near Río Parapeti, 18º28’40”S, 62º05’03”W, 320 m, Ribereño forest, 2 December 2010,</p> <p>AF 18879 &amp; JQ (KRAM, LPB); gasoducto Bolivia-Brasil, near Tucavaca colony, 18º30’19”S, 60º57’14”W, 278 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.953888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.505278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.953888/lat -18.505278)">Chiquitano forest</a>, 4 December 2010, AF 18982, 18987, 19018, 19021, 19069, 19089, 19110, 19129, 19143, 19161 &amp; JQ (KRAM, LPB); Curichi Vibora near Tucavaca colony, 18º27’29”S, 61º23’01”W, 290 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.383614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.458055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.383614/lat -18.458055)">Chaqueño forest</a>, 2 December 2011, AF 23377, 23387 (KRAM, LPB); 350 km on the road from Tucavaca to Roboré, 18º37’56”S, 59º36’50”W, 220 m, transition <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.613888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.632223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.613888/lat -18.632223)">Chiquitano-Chaqueño forest</a>, 4 December 2011, AF 23446, 23451, 23478, 23481 (KRAM, LPB); near Peto Blanco, park guard’s station, 18º48’25”S, 60º14’54”W, 330 m, transition <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.248333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.806944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.248333/lat -18.806944)">Chiquitano-Chaqueño forest</a>, 6 December 2011, AF 23732 (KRAM, LPB); 18º56’26”S, 60º22’39”W, 340m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.3775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.940556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.3775/lat -18.940556)">Chiquitano forest</a>, 5 December 2011, AF 23622 (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Guarayos, RN de Vida Silvestre Ríos Blanco y Negro, Virgen de Pilar near Chonta villagen, 15°38’54”S, 62°57’37”W, 229 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.960278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.648334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.960278/lat -15.648334)">Amazon forest</a>, 22 July 2009, AF 13201, 13212 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Dept. Beni: Prov. Itenez, Cerro de Oricore by Río San Martín, 13°19’55”S, 63°30’37”W, 240 m, dry forest overgrowing granitic hill, inselberg, 19 August 2008, AF 12617 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Yacuma, RB Estación Biológica del Beni, near la Estación Biológica, 14º51’32”S, 66º19’55”W, 179 m, island of lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.33194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.85889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.33194/lat -14.85889)">Amazon forest</a> among savanna, 6 November 2010, AF 17846 (KRAM, LPB); 14º51’07”S, 66º20’23”W, 175 m, island of lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.33972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.851945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.33972/lat -14.851945)">Amazon forest</a> among savanna, 6 November 2010, AF 17861 &amp; FS (KRAM, LPB); near Pueblo 08, 14º43’43”S, 66º17’51”W, 189 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.2975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.728611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.2975/lat -14.728611)">Amazon forest</a>, 9 November 2010, AF 18040 (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63EFFD6FF204571FB44FD18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63FFFD6FF2041E5FC65F880.text	FD48879CB63FFFD6FF2041E5FC65F880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cresponea melanocheiloides (Vain.) Egea & Torrente Flakus 2008	<div><p>Cresponea melanocheiloides (Vain.) Egea &amp; Torrente</p> <p>Type: — PUERTO RICO. Mameyes, on bark in woods, 1915, B. Fink 768 (lectotype TUR-VAIN 33789!, isolectotype NY!).</p> <p>The species has been recorded in Bolivia, Brazil, the Caribbean islands and French Guiana (Egea &amp; Torrente 1993; Flakus 2008), but we have also seen material from Costa Rica and Panama (see below). In the Bolivian material apothecia are mainly orange pruinose and two specimens (AF 10680/1, AF10435) are atypical by having non-cracked apothecial margins. The Bolivian material is characterized by long (55–100 μm) and 9–19-septate ascospores and keys out under C. melanocheiloides in the revision of the genus by Egea &amp; Torrente (1993). However, our specimens have tiny, deep yellow, K+ orange spots in the thallus medulla, a feature not mentioned by Egea &amp; Torrente (1993). So far the recently described C. endosulphurea A.A. Menezes, M. Cáceres &amp; Aptroot was the only member of the genus known with a pigmented medulla, due to the presence of xantholepinone (Menezes et al. 2013a). The examination of the lectotype of C. melanocheiloides as well as other specimens from NY revealed the same yellow, K+ orange pigment. Cresponea melanocheiloides is therefore the second species of the genus shown to have a xantholepinone, a substance present only in a couple of lichens.</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, PN Carrasco, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.503334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.275/lat -17.503334)">Sehuencas village</a>, 17°30’12”S, 65°16’30”W, 2220 m, Yungas cloud forest, 21 July 2008, AF 10435, MK &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Carrasco, PN Carrasco, near Sehuencas village by <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.281944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.507223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.281944/lat -17.507223)">Río Lopez Mendoza</a>, 17°30’26”S, 65°16’55”W, 2226 m, Yungas cloud forest, 22 July 2008, AF 10680/1, MK &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, between Ixiamas and Santa Rosa de Maravillas villages, 13°49’16”S, 68°07’18”W, 305 m, preandean <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.121666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.821111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.121666/lat -13.821111)">Amazon forest</a>, 28 July 2008, AF 11217, 11218 &amp; MK (KRAM, LPB).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (all corticolous). COSTA RICA: Prov. Puntarenas, Península de Osa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.58917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.480277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.58917/lat 8.480277)">Parque Nacional Corcovado</a>, along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.58917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.480277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.58917/lat 8.480277)">Sendero Los Naranjos</a> from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.58917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.480277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.58917/lat 8.480277)">Estacíon Biológica Sirena</a> to the beach, 8°28’49”N, 83°35’21”W, coastal secondary rain forest, 7 April 2003, W.R. Buck 44124 (NY). CUBA: Oriente, Bayate, December 1923, B. Hioram 6871 (NY). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Prov. Puerto Plata, 4.5 km S of Sosúa-Puerto Plata Hwy at Sosúa just W of Río Sosúa, near source of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.51667/lat 19.683332)">Río Sosúa</a>, 19°41’N, 70°31’W, moist primary forest near sea level, 24 January 1991, R.C. Harris 26772, W.R. Buck 19337 (NY); Prov. La Altagracia, Lomo El Peñon de la Vieja Rufina, 24 km SE of Otra Banda on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.566666/lat 18.633333)">Punta Cana</a>, 138’, 18°38’N, 68°34’W, mesic forest on limestone ridge, 29 March 1981, W.R. Buck 5070 (NY); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.61667/lat 18.35)">Parque Nacional del Este</a>, along trail from park entrance to sea, 18°21’N, 68°37’W, dry forest, 30 March 1981, W.R. Buck 5114 (NY). HAITI: Bayeux, 12 August 1903, G.V. Nash 380a (NY). PANAMA: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 1940, G.T. Johnson 3414 (NY). TRINIDAD: Southern Watershed Reserve, 28 March 1920, E.G. Britton, D. Coker &amp; W.R. Rowland 1116, 1123 (NY).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63FFFD6FF2041E5FC65F880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63FFFD5FF20445DFB1AFD88.text	FD48879CB63FFFD5FF20445DFB1AFD88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crypthonia albida (Fee) Frisch & G. Thor	<div><p>* Crypthonia albida (Fée) Frisch &amp; G.Thor syn. Herpothallon albidum (Fée) Aptroot, Lücking &amp; G.Thor</p> <p>In the Neotropics the species has been reported in Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, and elsewhere in Australia, India, Vanuatu and Vietnam (Aptroot et al. 2009; Frisch &amp; Thor 2010; Jagadeesh Ram &amp; Sinha 2011; McCarthy 2014).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.82305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.061945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.82305/lat -14.061945)">Tumupasa</a>, 14°03’43”S, 67°49’23”W, 375 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.82305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.061945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.82305/lat -14.061945)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, 27 July 2008, MK 6776 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Yuyo, 15°03’30”S, 68°19’24”W, 1230 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.32333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.058333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.32333/lat -15.058333)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 23 November 2011, MK 10369 (LPB, UGDA); APOLOBAMBA, Thola Pampa between Paujeyuyo and Wayrapata, 15º04’40”S, 68º28’04”W, 1200 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.46778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.077778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.46778/lat -15.077778)">Sub-Andean Amazon forest</a>, 13 November 2014, MK 14561 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Larecaja, between Mariapo and Guanay, 15°26’12”S, 68°08’13”W, 1000 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.13694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.4366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.13694/lat -15.4366665)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 24 November 2011, MK 10385 (LPB, UGDA); near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.44222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.296667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.44222/lat -15.296667)">Incachaca</a>, 15°17’48”S, 68°26’32”W, 1100 m, Yungas montano inferior forest, 15 May 2011, MK 8616 (in specimen of Herpothallon roseocinctum) (LPB, UGDA); Prov.Nor Yungas, COTAPATA, Santa Catalina, 16°11’35”S, 67°52’16”W, 1700 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.802223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.802223/lat -14.558611)">Yungas</a> montane forest, 22 May 2011, AF 21322, 21335 &amp; OP (KRAM, LPB). Dept. Santa Cruz: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.802223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.802223/lat -14.558611)">Prov. José Miguel de Velasco</a>, NOEL KEMPFF, Camino a la Meseta near Florida, 14°33’31”S, 61°48’08”W, 220 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.802223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.802223/lat -14.558611)">Amazon forest</a>, 15 December 2009, AF 16011, 16016, 16017, 16036, 16039 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63FFFD5FF20445DFB1AFD88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63CFFD5FF204155FC28FC6C.text	FD48879CB63CFFD5FF204155FC28FC6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crypthonia olivacea Frisch & G. Thor	<div><p>* Crypthonia olivacea Frisch &amp; G.Thor (Fig. 2D)</p> <p>The species has only been known from the type locality in Brazil (Frisch &amp; Thor 2010) and one locality in Argentina (Menezes et al. 2013b).</p> <p>Specimens examined (corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, between Ixiamas and Santa Rosa de Maravillas villages, 13°49’16”S, 68°07’18”W, 305 m, preandean <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.121666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.821111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.121666/lat -13.821111)">Amazon forest</a>, 28 July 2008, AF 11202 &amp; MK (BR, LPB, KRAM); Enana Jubidha between Santa Rosa de Maravillas and Ixiamas villages, 13°55’13”S, 68°03’44”W, 380 m, preandean Amazon forest, 30 July 2008, AF 11626 &amp; MK (BR, LPB, KRAM). Dept. Santa Cruz: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.802223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.802223/lat -14.558611)">Prov. José Miguel de Velasco</a>, NOEL KEMPFF, Camino a la Meseta near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.802223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.802223/lat -14.558611)">Florida village</a>, 14°33’31”S, 61°48’08”W, 220 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.802223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.802223/lat -14.558611)">Amazon forest</a>, 15 December 2009, AF 16012 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63CFFD5FF204155FC28FC6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63CFFD5FF2040F1FCB9FB70.text	FD48879CB63CFFD5FF2040F1FCB9FB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptothecia aleurocarpa (Nyl.) Makhija & Patw.	<div><p>* Cryptothecia aleurocarpa (Nyl.) Makhija &amp; Patw.</p> <p>So far this rare lichen has been known from Brazil, Colombia and Taiwan (Vainio 1890; Makhija &amp; Patwardhan 1985, 1994; Aptroot &amp; Sparrius 2003; Sipman et al. 2008).</p> <p>Specimen examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Nor Yungas, Coroico, 16°11’10”S, 67°43’16”W, 1550 m, Yungas montane forest, corticolous, 6 June 2010, AF 16427.3 &amp; PR (LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63CFFD5FF2040F1FCB9FB70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63CFFD5FF20460DFE09F9B8.text	FD48879CB63CFFD5FF20460DFE09F9B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptothecia darwiniana Bungartz & Elix	<div><p>** Cryptothecia darwiniana Bungartz &amp; Elix</p> <p>This species has been recently described from the Galapagos Islands, where it is apparently common (Bungartz et al. 2013). The Bolivian record is the first one from continental South America.</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. José Miguel de Velasco, NOEL KEMPFF, Camino los Fierros near Florida, 14°32’25”S, 61°03’13”W, 215 m, lowland Amazon forest, corticolous, 14 December 2009, AF 15564 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63CFFD5FF20460DFE09F9B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63CFFD5FF204545FF0EF8C0.text	FD48879CB63CFFD5FF204545FF0EF8C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptothecia groenhartii Makhija & Patw.	<div><p>** Cryptothecia groenhartii Makhija &amp; Patw.</p> <p>So far this species has been sighted in India (Makhija &amp; Patwardhan 1994).</p> <p>Our material perfectly matches the morphological and chemical characteristics of the species, therefore, despite the long distance from the previous record, we also report it from Bolivia.</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, KAA-IYA, Bañados del Izozog, near Río Parapeti, 18º28’40”S, 62º05’03”W, 320 m, Ribereño forest, on bark, 2 December 2010, AF 18869 &amp; IQ (KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63CFFD5FF204545FF0EF8C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63CFFD4FF20449DFD6DFE8C.text	FD48879CB63CFFD4FF20449DFD6DFE8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptothecia lichexanthonica	<div><p>* Cryptothecia lichexanthonica E.L. Lima, Aptroot &amp; M.Cáceres</p> <p>This recently described species has been known so far from Brazil (Lima et al. 2013; Cáceres et al. 2014a).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, near Peto Blanco, 18º48’25”S, 60º14’54”W, 330 m, transition <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.248333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.806944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.248333/lat -18.806944)">Chiquitano-Chaqueño forest</a>, 6 December 2011, AF 23771 (LPB, KRAM, UGDA); KAA-IYA, between Tucavaca and National Park border, 18º31’40”S, 60º41’26”W, 314 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.690556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.527777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.690556/lat -18.527777)">Chiquitano forest</a>, 4 December 2010, AF 19227 &amp; IQ (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63CFFD4FF20449DFD6DFE8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB63DFFDBFF204403FDC5FE70.text	FD48879CB63DFFDBFF204403FDC5FE70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptothecia megalocarpa (Mull. Arg.) R. Sant.	<div><p>** Cryptothecia megalocarpa (Müll.Arg.) R.Sant.</p> <p>The species has been only known from Cuba (Santesson 1952; Makhija &amp; Patwardhan 1994). In this paper it is also reported as new to the Antilles (Saba) and Guyana (see below).</p> <p>Specimens examined (corticolous except one record). BOLIVIA. Dept. Beni: Prov. Itenez, Cotoca by Río San Martín, 13°17’11”S, 63°22’20”W, 152 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.37222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.286389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.37222/lat -13.286389)">Amazon forest</a>, 20 August 2008, AF 12890 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB, UGDA); Prov. Vaca Díez, Cachuela Esperanza, 10º32’09”S, 65º34’55”W, 128 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.58194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.535833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.58194/lat -10.535833)">Amazon forest</a>, 4 June 2006, AF</p> <p>7509, 7525 (KRAM, LPB); Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, near Tumupasa, 14°03’43”S, 67°49’23”W, 375 m, Subandean Amazon forest, 27 July 2008, MK 6813 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Guarayos, RN de Vida Silvestre Ríos Blanco y Negro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.776665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.030277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.776665/lat -15.030277)">Plan de Manejo</a> AISU, 15°01’49”S, 62°46’36”W, 236 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.776665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.030277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.776665/lat -15.030277)">Amazon forest</a>, 25 July 2009, AF 14233 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Prov. José Miguel de Velasco, Sendero de goma near Florida, 14°37’48”S, 61°12’02”W, 170 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.200558&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.63" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.200558/lat -14.63)">Amazon</a> secondary forest, 16 December 2009, AF 16081, 16132 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB).</p> <p>Additional specimen examined (corticolous). GUYANA. Upper Takutu district, southern Rupununi savannah, Kusad mountain, SE-side, c. 600 m, Sipman 57912 (B). NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Saba, Sandy Cruz Trail, near trailhead at Upper Hell’s Gate, 17°38.38’N, 63°14.04’W, c. 500 m, stapled andesite stone wall among cultivated fields, 9 March 2007, Sipman 54885 (B).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB63DFFDBFF204403FDC5FE70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB632FFDBFF20410DFE3AF838.text	FD48879CB632FFDBFF20410DFE3AF838.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptothecia rosae-iselae Flakus & Kukwa 2015	<div><p>Cryptothecia rosae-iselae Flakus &amp; Kukwa sp. nov. (Fig. 4) MycoBank no. MB 812570</p> <p>Diagnosis: Similar to Cryptothecia lichexanthonica but differs in wider ascospores, smaller asci, the production of gyrophoric and lecanoric acids, and the constant lack of brownish pigmentation around the asci.</p> <p>Type: — BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco, near Peto Blanco, 18º56’26”S, 60º22’39”W, 340 m, Chiquitano forest, on bark, 5 December 2011, M. Kukwa 10630 (holotype UGDA!, isotype LPB!).</p> <p>Thallus corticolous, delimited by prothallus of white or brownish hyphae; thallus surface smooth, matt, ecorticate, greenish grey or rarely beige grey; ascigerous areas delimited, round to irregular in outline, raised above the thallus, up to 0.75 mm diam., single or more often fused in groups of rows, white, ascigerous layer up to 175 μm high, I+ blue K/ I+ blue; asci I–, K/I–, never encapsulated by a brownish pigmentation, 8-spored, globose, 100–110 μm in diam., with a 5–8 μm thick wall, entangled by strongly ramified and anastomizing, 1–2 μm wide paraphysoids; ascospores hyaline, muriform, ovoid, with 9–12 transverse and up to 5 longitudinal septa, (50–)60–73 × (24–)28–36 μm; conidiomata not observed.</p> <p>Chemistry: thallus C+ pink red, K–, P–, UV+ orange; lichexanthone, gyrophoric and lecanoric acids detected by TLC.</p> <p>Etymology: The new species is dedicated to our friend, Rosa Isela Meneses Quisbert, the Director of the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés in La Paz, for generous support of lichenological studies in Bolivia.</p> <p>Distribution and ecology: The species is known from Santa Cruz Department in Bolivia where it occurs in Chiquitano or Chiquitano-Chaqueño forest types.</p> <p>Notes: Cryptothecia rosae-iselae is the fourth species of the genus containing lichexanthone and is the most similar to C. lichexanthonica. The latter however lacks gyrophoric and lecanoric acids, has larger asci (150–300 μm in diam.), which are often surrounded by dark brown tissue, and narrower (up to 28 μm wide) ascospores (Lima et al. 2013).</p> <p>Cryptothecia assimilis Makhija &amp; Patw., which also contains lichexanthone, can be separated by the pedicellate and pyriform asci, larger (mostly over 1 mm in diam.) ascigerous areas and the lack of gyrophoric and lecanoric acids (Makhija &amp; Patwardhan 1994; Lima et al. 2013). The third species producing lichexanthone, C. darwiniana, has clearly pedicellate asci with very thick (c. 21 μm) walls and additionally produces confluentic acid (Bungartz et al. 2013).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, KAA-IYA, near Tucavaca colony, 18º30’19”S, 60º57’14”W, 278 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.953888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.505278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.953888/lat -18.505278)">Chiquitano forest</a>, 4 December 2010, AF 18981, 19107, 19127 &amp; JQ (KRAM, LPB); between Tucavaca colony and National Park border, 18º31’40”S, 60º41’26”W, 314 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.690556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.527777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.690556/lat -18.527777)">Chiquitano forest</a>, 4 December 2010, AF 19234 &amp; JQ (KRAM, LPB); near Peto Blanco, 18º56’26”S, 60º22’39”W, 340 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.3775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.940556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.3775/lat -18.940556)">Chiquitano forest</a>, 5 December 2011, AF 23635, 23669, 23674 (KRAM, LPB); near Peto Blanco, 18º51’36”S, 60º18’00”W, 290 m, transition <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.86" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.3/lat -18.86)">Chiquitano-Chaqueño forest</a>, 5 December 2011, AF 23723 (KRAM, LPB); near Peto Blanco (park guard’s station), 18º48’25”S, 60º14’54”W, 330 m, transition <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.248333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.806944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.248333/lat -18.806944)">Chiquitano-Chaqueño forest</a>, 6 December 2011, MK 10702 (LPB, UGDA).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB632FFDBFF20410DFE3AF838	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB633FFD9FF204478FEC3F99C.text	FD48879CB633FFD9FF204478FEC3F99C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptothecia striata G. Thor	<div><p>* Cryptothecia striata G.Thor</p> <p>This species has been reported from e.g. Bermuda, Brazil, Ecuador (the Galapagos Islands) and the USA (Thor 1991; Makhija &amp; Patwardhan 1994; Cáceres 2007; Bungartz et al. 2013; Berger &amp; LaGreca 2014). In this paper it is reported also from Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana and the Netherlands Antilles.</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Beni: Prov. Cercado, near San Lorenzo, 14°01’32”S, 65°01’50”W, 150 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.030556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.025556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.030556/lat -14.025556)">Amazon forest</a>, 1 September 2012, MK 12023 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Itenez, Cerro de Oricore by <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.510277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.331944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.510277/lat -13.331944)">Río San Martín</a>, 13°19’55”S, 63°30’37”W, 240 m, dry forest on inselberg, 19 August 2008, AF 12671 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Cotoca by Río San Martín, 13°17’11”S, 63°22’20”W, 152 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.37222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.286389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.37222/lat -13.286389)">Amazon forest</a>, 20 August 2008, AF 12881 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Maconere, 13°16’45”S, 63°21’49”W, 145 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.36361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.279166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.36361/lat -13.279166)">Amazon forest</a>, 20 August 2008, AF 12781 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Marbán, near road from Camiaco to San Lorenzo, 15°14’49”S, 64°49’11”W, 160 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.81972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.246944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.81972/lat -15.246944)">Amazon forest</a>, 30 August 2012, MK 11944 &amp; 11954 (LPB, UGDA); near San Lorenzo, 15°12’59”S, 64°47’08”W, 160 m, lowland Amazon forest surrounded by los <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.78555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.216389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.78555/lat -15.216389)">Llanos de Moxos</a> savana, 28 August 2012, MK 11871, 11875 &amp; 11881 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Yacuma, RB Estación Biológica del Beni, 14º51’07”S, 66º20’23”W, 175 m, lowland Amazon forest, 6 November 2010, AF 17902, 17913, 17936 &amp; F. Saavedra (KRAM, LPB). Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, between Ixiamas and Santa Rosa de Maravillass, 13°49’16”S, 68°07’18”W, 305 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.121666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.821111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.121666/lat -13.821111)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, 28 July 2008, MK 6822a &amp; 6867 (LPB, UGDA); Enana Jubidha, 13°55’13”S, 68°03’44”W, 315 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.062225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.920279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.062225/lat -13.920279)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, on bark of tree, 30 July 2008, MK 6987 (LPB, UGDA); forest above Tumupasa, 14°08’51”S, 67°53’34”W, 350 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.89278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.1475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.89278/lat -14.1475)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, 31 August 2008, MK 7084 (LPB, UGDA); Tahua, 13°51’47”S, 67°54’32”W, 230 m, garden, on bark of tree, 29 July 2008, MK 6916 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Yuyo, 15°07’05”S, 68°20’22”W, 1150 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.33945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.118055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.33945/lat -15.118055)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 16 May 2011, MK 8709 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Larecaja, between Tipuani and Guanay, 15°31’24”S, 67°58’06”W, 1200 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.96833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.523334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.96833/lat -15.523334)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 24 November 2011, MK 10412a (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Nor Yungas, COTAPATA, by Sillu Tincara pre-Columbian route, 16°17’22”S, 67°53’29”W, 3520 m, transition Páramo Yungueño—Yungas montane cloud forest, 25 May 2011, MK 9434a (LPB). Dept. Pando: Prov. Manuripi, RN de Vida Silvestre Amazónica Manuripi, Metale colony near Chive by Río Madre de Dios, 12º20’38”S, 68º20’40”W, 170 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.344444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.343888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.344444/lat -12.343888)">Amazon forest</a>, 19 May 2006, AF 6157.1 (KRAM, LPB); Chive, 12º23’19”S, 68º34’39”W, 175 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.5775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.388611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.5775/lat -12.388611)">Amazon forest</a>, 21 May 2006, AF 6369 (KRAM, LPB); Chive, 12º23’19”S, 68º34’39”W, 175 m, lowland Amazon forest, on bark, 25 July 2009, AF 14240, 14246 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB). Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Guarayos, RN de Vida Silvestre Ríos Blanco y Negro, Virgen de Pilar near Chonta, 15°38’54”S, 62°57’37”W, 229 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.960278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.648334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.960278/lat -15.648334)">Amazon forest</a>, 22 July 2009, AF 13249 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Prov. José Miguel de Velasco, Hacienda Chirapa near Florida, 14°33’22”S, 61°16’03”W, 200 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.267498&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.556111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.267498/lat -14.556111)">Amazon forest</a>, 16 December 2009, AF 16204 &amp; PR (LPB); NOEL KEMPFF, Camino a la Meseta near Florida, 14°33’31”S, 61°48’08”W, 220 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.802223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.802223/lat -14.558611)">Amazon forest</a>, 15 December 2009, AF 16014.1 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (all corticolous). COLOMBIA. Dept. Huila: E-slope of Cordillera Central, Mnpio, La Plata, hacienda Limana, c. 5 km from La Plata towards Paicol, 1000 m, forest relic in little valley, 8 October 1984, Aguirre C. &amp; Sipman 6065 (B, COL). COSTA RICA. Limón Prov.: Limón, Guapiles, along connecting road with road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.216666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.21667/lat 10.216666)">San José-Limon</a>, 10°13’N, 84°13’W, 400 m, cultivated fields, 12 November 1988, Sipman 41881, 41885 et al. (B, CR); Puntarenas Prov.: Parque Nacional Carara (AC Pacifico Central), 60 km WSW of San José on road from Orotina to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.783334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.583336/lat 9.783334)">Quepos</a> (34), 9°47’N, 84°35’W, 100 m, lowland moist forest zone, 18 July 2002, Sipman 48390d (B, INBio). FRENCH GUIANA. Comm. Regina: S-shore of creek Arataye near confluence with <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.9833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.583332/lat 3.9833333)">river Approuague</a>, surroundings of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.9833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.583332/lat 3.9833333)">Camp Aratai</a>, 3°59’N, 52°35’W, 50–150 m, clearing along stream, camp grounds, 20–24 February 2003, Sipman 50682 (B). NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Saba: Dancing Place trail near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.237167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.624332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.237167/lat 17.624332)">Windwardside</a>, 17°37.46’N, 63°14.23’W, 320 m, dry, open forest on steep slope, 12 March 2007, Sipman 54980 (B); St. Eustatius: NW-slope of the Quill vulcano, above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.966667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.966667/lat 17.483334)">Round Hill</a>, 17°29’N, 62°58’W, c. 300 m, semi-evergreen seasonal forest, 9 August 1980, Sipman 15158 (B).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB633FFD9FF204478FEC3F99C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB630FFD8FF204561FD61FEA8.text	FD48879CB630FFD8FF204561FD61FEA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichosporidium nigrocinctum (Ehrenb.) G. Thor Flakus 2008	<div><p>Dichosporidium nigrocinctum (Ehrenb.) G.Thor</p> <p>The species is widely distributed in the Neotropics (Thor 1990; Cáceres 2007; Flakus 2008). In Bolivia it has been known from three records, all in Pando Department (Flakus 2008). All studied specimens contain protocetraric acid and represent chemotype I (Thor 1990).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Beni: Prov. Marbán, Iayunaje, road to Masí, 15°18’44”S, 64°53’45”W, 160 m, lowland Amazon forest, 28 August 2012, MK 11910 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, between Ixiamas and Santa Rosa de Maravillass, 13°49’16”S, 68°07’18”W, 305 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.121666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.821111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.121666/lat -13.821111)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, 28 July 2008, MK 6826 (LPB, UGDA); near Santa Rosa de Maravillas, 13°57’55”S, 68°00’35”W, 320 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.00972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.965278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.00972/lat -13.965278)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, 30 July 2008, MK 6943 &amp; 6944 (LPB, UGDA); near Tumupasa, 14°03’43”S, 67°49’23”W, 375 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.82305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.061945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.82305/lat -14.061945)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, 27 July 2008, MK 6771 &amp; 6814 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Larecaja, near Incachaca, 15°17’48”S, 68°26’32”W, 1100 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.44222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.296667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.44222/lat -15.296667)">Yungas</a> montano inferior forest, 15 May 2011, MK 8616a (LPB, UGDA); near Pajonalvilaque, 15°28’02”S, 68°02’12”W, 890 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.03667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.467222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.03667/lat -15.467222)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 24 November 2011, MK 10388 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Nor Yungas, COTAPATA, Chairo, 1370 m, 16°13.3’S, 67°52.6’W, Manchón de bosque cercano al <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.87666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.221666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.87666/lat -16.221666)">río Huarinilla</a>, 11 May 2006, PR 75 et al. (B, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB630FFD8FF204561FD61FEA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB631FFD8FF204235FE56FD94.text	FD48879CB631FFD8FF204235FE56FD94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyronactis elaeocarpa (Nyl.) Ertz & Tehler	<div><p>* Gyronactis elaeocarpa (Nyl.) Ertz &amp; Tehler syn. Lecanactis elaeocarpa (Nyl.) Tehler</p> <p>So far known from Brazil and Colombia (Tehler 1992; Tehler &amp; Egea 1997; Sipman et al. 2008; Ertz et al. 2015).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Guarayos, RN de Vida Silvestre Ríos Blanco y Negro, Plan de Manejo AISU, 15°01’49”S, 62°46’36”W, 236 m, lowland Amazon forest, corticolous 25 July 2009, AF 14257 &amp; PR (BR, KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB631FFD8FF204235FE56FD94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB631FFD8FF204169FD5AFB1C.text	FD48879CB631FFD8FF204169FD5AFB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon aurantiacoflavum (B. de Lesd.) Aptroot, Lucking & G. Thor	<div><p>Herpothallon aurantiacoflavum (B. de Lesd.) Aptroot, Lücking &amp; G.Thor</p> <p>The species is known only in the Neotropics: Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Lesser Antilles, Peru, Puerto Rico and Venezuela (Harris 1989; Aptroot et al. 2009; Flakus et al. 2012a). In Bolivia so far it has been known from one locality (Flakus et al. 2012a).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.062225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.920279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.062225/lat -13.920279)">Dept. La Paz</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.062225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.920279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.062225/lat -13.920279)">Prov. Abel Iturralde</a>, Enana Jubidha, between Santa Rosa de Maravillas and Ixiamas, 13°55’13”S, 68°03’44”W, 315 m, Subandean Amazon forest, 30 July 2008, MK 6983 (LPB, UGDA); near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.00972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.965278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.00972/lat -13.965278)">Santa Rosa de Maravillas</a>, 13°57’55”S, 68°00’35”W, 320 m, Subandean Amazon forest, on bark of tree, 30 July 2008, MK 6942 (LPB, UGDA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.46778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.077778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.46778/lat -15.077778)">Prov. Franz Tamayo</a>, APOLOBAMBA, Thola Pampa between Paujeyuyo and Wayrapata, 15º04’40”S, 68º28’04”W, 1200, Sub-Andean Amazon forest, 13 November 2014, MK 14552, 14553, 14554, 14556 (LPB, UGDA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.13694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.4366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.13694/lat -15.4366665)">Prov. Larecaja</a>, between Mariapo and Guanay, 45 km from Mapiri, 15°26’12”S, 68°08’13”W, 1000 m, Preandean Amazon forest, 24 November 2011, MK 10382 (LPB, UGDA); between Mariapo and Guanay, 15°26’12”S, 68°08’13”W, 1000 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.13694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.4366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.13694/lat -15.4366665)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 24 November 2011, AF 23130, 23131, 23137 (KRAM, LPB); between Tipuani and Guanay, 15°31’24”S, 67°58’06”W, 1200 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.96833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.523334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.96833/lat -15.523334)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 24 November 2011, MK 10416 (LPB, UGDA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.68917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.626389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.68917/lat -15.626389)">Jocollone</a>, 15°37’35”S, 68°41’21”W, 3545 m, Páramo Yungueño, 14 May 2011, AF &amp; OP 20424 (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB631FFD8FF204169FD5AFB1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB631FFD8FF2047E1FC2AF9F4.text	FD48879CB631FFD8FF2047E1FC2AF9F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon cinereum G. Thor	<div><p>* Herpothallon cinereum G.Thor</p> <p>So far reported only from India and Venezuela (Aptroot et al. 2009; Jagadeesh Ram &amp; Sinha 2011).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, near Santa Rosa de Maravillas, 13°57’55”S, 68°00’35”W, 320 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.00972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.965278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.00972/lat -13.965278)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, 30 July 2008, MK 6928 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Nor Yungas, COTAPATA, near Urpuma, 16º13’20”S, 67º52’34”W, 1989 m, Yungas montane forestcorticolous, 30 June 2010, AF 17208 &amp; PR (LPB). Dept. Santa Cruz: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.54861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.24889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.54861/lat -22.24889)">Prov. José Miguel de Velasco</a>, NOEL KEMPFF, Camino a la Meseta near Florida, 14°33’31”S, 61°48’08”W, 220 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.54861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.24889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.54861/lat -22.24889)">Amazon forest</a>, 15 December 2009, AF 16007, 16008 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB). Dept. Tarija: Prov. Aniceto Arce, near Tarija, 22º14’56”S, 64º32’55”W, 883 m, Tucumano-Boliviano secondary submobtane forest, 21 November 2010, AF 18383 (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB631FFD8FF2047E1FC2AF9F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB631FFD8FF204589FE3AF870.text	FD48879CB631FFD8FF204589FE3AF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon confluenticum Aptroot & Lucking	<div><p>* Herpothallon confluenticum Aptroot &amp; Lücking</p> <p>This species has been recorded from Australia, Nepal, Thailand and Venezuela (Aptroot et al. 2009).</p> <p>The Bolivian material has numerous pycnidia with bacillar conidia measuring 3–4.5 × 1–1.2 μm. So far the conidia were not found in this species (Aptroot et al. 2009).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.462776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.046111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.462776/lat -15.046111)">Dept. La Paz</a>: Prov. Franz Tamayo, APOLOBAMBA, near Paujeyuyo, 15º02’46”S, 68º27’46”W, 960 m, Sub-Andean Amazon forest, corticolous, 12 November 2014, MK 14521 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Larecaja, between Tipuani and Guanay, 15°31’24”S, 67°58’06”W, 1200 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.96833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.523334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.96833/lat -15.523334)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 24 November 2011, MK 10417 (LPB, UGDA).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB631FFD8FF204589FE3AF870	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB636FFDFFF2043A5FE72FC90.text	FD48879CB636FFDFFF2043A5FE72FC90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon echinatum Aptroot, Lucking & Will-Wolf	<div><p>* Herpothallon echinatum Aptroot, Lücking &amp; Will-Wolf</p> <p>This widespread lichen has been recorded in Australia, India, Indonesia, Norfolk Islands, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan, Thailand and in the Neotropics so far known from Brazil, Costa Rica, the Galapagos Islands and Florida (Aptroot et al. 2009; Lücking et al. 2011; Jagadeesh Ram &amp; Sinha 2011; Bungartz et al. 2013; McCarthy 2014, Cáceres et al. 2014a; Käffer et al. 2015).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, between Ixiamas and Santa Rosa de Maravillass, 13°49’16”S, 68°07’18”W, 305 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.121666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.821111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.121666/lat -13.821111)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, 28 July 2008, MK 6822 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Franz Tamayo, APOLOBAMBA, near Paujeyuyo, 15º02’46”S, 68º27’46”W, 960 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.55778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.247223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.55778/lat -22.247223)">SubAndean Amazon forest</a> close to plantation, 12 November 2014, MK 14520, 14525 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. Santa Cruz: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.55778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.247223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.55778/lat -22.247223)">Prov. José Miguel de Velasco</a>, Sendero de goma near Florida, 14°37’48”S, 61°12’02”W, 170 m, lowland Amazon secondary forest, 16 December 2009, AF 16082 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB). Dept. Tarija: Prov. Aniceto Arce, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.55778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.247223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.55778/lat -22.247223)">Filo de Sidras</a>, 22º14’50”S, 64º33’28”W, 1064 m, Tucumano-Boliviano submontane forest, on bark, 22 November 2010, AF 18563 &amp; 18698.2 (LPB); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.56139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.221945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.56139/lat -22.221945)">Serranía de Propiedad Arnold</a>, 22º13’19”S, 64º33’41”W, 1309 m, Tucumano-Boliviano montane forest, 24 November 2010, AF 18732 (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Burnet O’Connor, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.124725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.124725/lat -21.683332)">Soledad</a>, 21°41’00”S, 64°07’29”W, 1500 m, Tucumano-Boliviano montano forest, 11 August 2012, MK 11362 &amp; 11369 (LPB, UGDA); TARIQUÍA, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.21222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.820835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.21222/lat -21.820835)">Salinas</a>, 21°49’15”S, 64°12’44”W, 1400 m, Tucumano-Boliviano montano forest, 10 August 2012, MK 11240 (LPB, UGDA).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB636FFDFFF2043A5FE72FC90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB636FFDFFF20406DFB8BFB84.text	FD48879CB636FFDFFF20406DFB8BFB84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon fertile Aptroot & Lucking	<div><p>* Herpothallon fertile Aptroot &amp; Lücking</p> <p>This species has been reported from Brazil, Costa Rica and Sri Lanka (Aptroot et al. 2009; Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot 2014).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Yuyo, 15°03’30”S, 68°19’24”W, 1230 m, Preandean Amazon forest, corticolous, 23 November 2011, AF 23117 (KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB636FFDFFF20406DFB8BFB84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB636FFDFFF204759FE72FA24.text	FD48879CB636FFDFFF204759FE72FA24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon furfuraceum G. Thor	<div><p>** Herpothallon furfuraceum G.Thor</p> <p>Untill now known from two localities in Costa Rica (Aptroot et al. 2009).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.84417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.202778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.84417/lat -16.202778)">Dept. La Paz</a>: Prov. Nor Yungas, near Pacallo, 16°12’10”S, 67°50’39”W, 1360 m, Yungas montane forest, 3 August 2008, AF &amp; MK 11796.1 (LPB); COTAPATA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.87112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.193054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.87112/lat -16.193054)">Santa Catalina</a>, above Tunkini, 16°11’35”S, 67°52’16”W, 1700 m, Yungas montane forest, 22 May 2011, AF &amp; OP 21330 (KRAM, LPB); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.87112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.193054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.87112/lat -16.193054)">Santa Catalina</a>, above Tunkini, 16°11’35”S, 67°52’16”W, 1700 m, Yungas montane forest, 22 May 2011, AF &amp; OP 21349 (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB636FFDFFF204759FE72FA24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB636FFDFFF2046B9FBB0F908.text	FD48879CB636FFDFFF2046B9FBB0F908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon minimum Aptroot & Lucking	<div><p>* Herpothallon minimum Aptroot &amp; Lücking</p> <p>This rare lichen is so far reported from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Kenya (Aptroot et al. 2009; Cáceres et al. 2014a).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, near Tumupasa, 14°03’43”S, 67°49’23”W, 260 m, preandean Amazon forest, corticolous, 27 July 2008, AF 11071 &amp; MK (KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB636FFDFFF2046B9FBB0F908	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB636FFDFFF2045D5FEF7F870.text	FD48879CB636FFDFFF2045D5FEF7F870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon philippinum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lucking	<div><p>* Herpothallon philippinum (Vain.) Aptroot &amp; Lücking</p> <p>The species occurs in Africa, Asia and the Neotropics where it has been reported from Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Venezuela (Aptroot et al. 2009; Jagadeesh Ram &amp; Sinha 2011).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Franz Tamayo, APOLOBAMBA, near Paujeyuyo, 15º02’46”S, 68º27’46”W, 960 m, Sub-Andean Amazon forest close to plantation, corticolous, 12 November 2014, MK 14522 (LPB, UGDA).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB636FFDFFF2045D5FEF7F870	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB637FFDEFF2043A5FAECFD58.text	FD48879CB637FFDEFF2043A5FAECFD58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon pustulatum G. Thor	<div><p>* Herpothallon pustulatum G.Thor</p> <p>So far known from Brazil, Costa Rica and Venezuela (Aptroot et al. 2009).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, CARRASCO, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.284996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.47889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.284996/lat -17.47889)">Ch’iqta</a> rumi, 17°28’44”S, 65°17’06”W, 2120 m, montane cloud forest, 21 July 2008, MK 6280 (LPB, UGDA); Bolivia. Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.503334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.275/lat -17.503334)">Carrasco National Park</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.503334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.275/lat -17.503334)">Sehuencas</a>, 17°30’12”S, 65°16’30”W, 2220 m, montane cloud forest, 21 July 2008, AF 10553, MK 6365, 6393 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB, UGDA); near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.27278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.496668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.27278/lat -17.496668)">Sehuencas</a>, 17°29’48”S, 65°16’22”W, 2250 m, forest with Alnus sp., 18 August 2012, MK 11758 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Chapare, CARRASCO, near Incachaca, 17°15’10”S, 65°48’51”W, 2330 m, disturbed montane cloud forest, 23 July 2008, AF 10794, MK 6670, 6674 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB, UGDA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.41861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.697223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.41861/lat -14.697223)">Dept. La Paz</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.41861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.697223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.41861/lat -14.697223)">Prov. Franz Tamayo</a>, between Apolo and Mapiri, 14°41’50”S, 68°25’07”W, 1490 m, savannah with scattered trees, 22 November 2011, AF 23029 (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Murillo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.09861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.128056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.09861/lat -16.128056)">Valle del Zongo</a>, 16°07’41”S, 68°05’55”W, 2450 m, Yungas cloud forest, 29 May 2011, MK 9615 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Nor Yungas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.721115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.18611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.721115/lat -16.18611)">Coroico</a>, 16°11’10”S, 67°43’16”W, 1550 m, Yungas montane forest, 6 June 2010, AF 16434.1 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); COTAPATA, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.876114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.222223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.876114/lat -16.222223)">Urpuma</a> colony, 16º13’20”S, 67º52’34”W, 1989 m, Yungas montane forest, 30 June 2010, AF 17101, 17124, 17211 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB, UGDA); Santa Catalina, above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.87112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.193054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.87112/lat -16.193054)">Tunkini</a>, 16°11’35”S, 67°52’16”W, 1700 m, Yungas montane forest, corticolous, 22 May 2011, AF 21342 &amp; OP (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB637FFDEFF2043A5FAECFD58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB637FFDEFF204025FD2AF918.text	FD48879CB637FFDEFF204025FD2AF918.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon roseocinctum (Fr.) Aptroot, Lucking & G. Thor	<div><p>* Herpothallon roseocinctum (Fr.) Aptroot, Lücking &amp; G.Thor</p> <p>This species has been reported mainly from the Neotropics (Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Puerto Rico and Venezuela), and elsewhere from Madagascar (Aptroot et al. 2009) and Reunion (Boom et al. 2011).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, CARRASCO, near Sehuencas, 17°30’12”S, 65°16’30”W, 2220 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.503334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.275/lat -17.503334)">Yungas</a> cloud forest, 21 July 2008, AF 10393, 10538, MK &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Chapare, CARRASCO, near Incachaca, 17º14’17”S, 65º48’54”W, 2400 m, Yungas cloud forest, 10 June 2006, AF 7892 (KRAM, LPB). Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, near Santa Rosa de Maravillas, 13°57’55”S, 68°00’35”W, 320 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.00972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.965278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.00972/lat -13.965278)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, 30 July 2008, MK 6938 &amp; 6960 (LPB, UGDA); near Tumupasa, 14°03’43”S, 67°49’23”W, 375 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.82305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.061945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.82305/lat -14.061945)">Subandean Amazon forest</a>, 27 July 2008, MK 6771a (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Apolo, 14°50’15”S, 68°26’58”W, 1430 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.44945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.8375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.44945/lat -14.8375)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 17 May 2011, AF 20797, 20859, MK 8747 &amp; OP (KRAM, LPB, UGDA); near Yuyo, 15°03’30”S, 68°19’24”W, 1230 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.32333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.058333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.32333/lat -15.058333)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 23 November 2011, AF 23111 (KRAM, LPB); near Yuyo, 15°07’05”S, 68°20’22”W, 1150 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.33945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.118055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.33945/lat -15.118055)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 16 May 2011, MK 8699 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Larecaja, near Incachaca, 15°17’48”S, 68°26’32”W, 1100 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.44222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.296667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.44222/lat -15.296667)">Yungas</a> montano inferior forest, 15 May 2011, MK 8616 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Nor Yungas, Coroico, 16°11’10”S, 67°43’16”W, 1550 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.721115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.18611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.721115/lat -16.18611)">Yungas</a> montane forest, 6 June 2010, AF 16393, 16440.1 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); COTAPATA, near Urpuma colony, 16º13’20”S, 67º52’34”W, 1989 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.876114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.222223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.876114/lat -16.222223)">Yungas</a> montane forest, 30 June 2010, AF 17108, 17244 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Santa Catalina, above Tunkini, 16°11’35”S, 67°52’16”W, 1700 m, Yungas montane forest, 22 May 2011, AF 21296, 21335.1 &amp; OP (KRAM, LPB). Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. José Miguel de Velasco, NOEL KEMPFF, Camino a la Meseta near Florida, 14°33’31”S, 61°48’08”W, 220 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.802223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.558611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.802223/lat -14.558611)">Amazon forest</a>, 15 Dec. 2009, AF 16026 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Sendero de goma near Florida, 14°37’48”S, 61°12’02”W, 170 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.200558&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.63" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.200558/lat -14.63)">Amazon</a> secondary forest, 16 Dec. 2009, AF 16051 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Manuel María Caballero, El Camino de Orquideas, 17°49’50”S, 64°42’11”W, 2415 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.55778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.247223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.55778/lat -22.247223)">Yungas</a> cloud forest, 17 Aug. 2012, MK 11623 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. Tarija: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.55778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.247223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.55778/lat -22.247223)">Prov. Aniceto Arce</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.55778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.247223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.55778/lat -22.247223)">Filo de Sidras</a>, 22º14’50”S, 64º33’28”W, 1064 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.55778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.247223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.55778/lat -22.247223)">Tucumano-Boliviano</a> submontane forest, corticolous, 22 November 2010, AF 18430, 18529 (KRAM, LPB);</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB637FFDEFF204025FD2AF918	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB637FFDDFF2045E5FC76FE54.text	FD48879CB637FFDDFF2045E5FC76FE54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon rubrocinctum (Ehrenb.) Aptroot, Lucking & G. Thor 1991	<div><p>Herpothallon rubrocinctum (Ehrenb.) Aptroot, Lücking &amp; G.Thor (Fig. 2E)</p> <p>This is a very widespread Neotropical lichen known from Argentina in the south to the USA in the north (e.g., Thor 1991; Sipman 2006; Boom et al. 2007; Flakus 2008; Aptroot et al. 2009). In Bolivia it is the commonest member of the genus.</p> <p>Selected specimens examined (corticolous if not otherwise stated). BOLIVIA. Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, CARRASCO, between Ch’iqta rumi and Phaqcha, 17°27’22”S, 65°16’24”W, 2700 m, montane cloud forest, 20 July 2008, AF 10244, MK 6252 &amp; PR (LPB, UGDA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.033334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.48333/lat -15.033334)">Dept. La Paz</a>: Prov. Bautista Saavedra, 3 km de Pauji-Yuyo hacia Charazani, 1050 m, 15°02’S, 68°29’W, 9 June 1997, KB 151 et al. (LPB); Prov. Franz Tamayo, between</p> <p>Apolo and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.36056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.8475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.36056/lat -14.8475)">Mapiri</a>, 14°50’51”S, 68°21’38”W, 1490 m, savannah, 23 November 2011, MK 10257 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Larecaja, between Tipuani and Guanay, 15°31’24”S, 67°58’06”W, 1200 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.96833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.523334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.96833/lat -15.523334)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, on decaying plant remains, 24 November 2011, MK 10434 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Nor Yungas, Coroico, by Sol y Luna hotel, 1870 m, 16°11’56”S, 67°43’26”W, gardens with trees, 13 December 2011, MK 10764 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, near Peto Blanco, 18º48’25”S, 60º14’54”W, 330 m, transition <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.248333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.806944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.248333/lat -18.806944)">Chiquitano-Chaqueño forest</a>, 6 December 2011, MK 10715 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Florida, Amboró, above la <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.91&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.058332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.91/lat -18.058332)">Yunga</a>, 18°03’30”S, 63°54’36”W, 2330 m, Yungas cloud forest, 7 June 2011, MK 9824 (LPB, UGDA); Prov. Manuel María Caballero, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.52667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.14611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.52667/lat -22.14611)">El Camino de Orquideas</a>, 17°49’20”S, 64°42’31”W, 2340 m, Yungas cloud forest, 17 August 2012, MK 11586 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. Tarija: Prov. Aniceto Arce, TARIQUÍA, La Hierba, 22º08’46”S, 64º31’36”W, 1070 m, Tucumano-Boliviano submontane forest, 25 November 2010, AF 19760 &amp; JQ (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB637FFDDFF2045E5FC76FE54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB634FFDDFF204129FF28FC9C.text	FD48879CB634FFDDFF204129FF28FC9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon rubroechinatum Frisch & G. Thor	<div><p>* Herpothallon rubroechinatum Frisch &amp; G.Thor</p> <p>So far this Neotropical species has been known from Costa Rica, Peru, the USA (Florida) and the Galapagos Islands (Frisch et al. 2010; Bungartz et al. 2013).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Franz Tamayo, APOLOBAMBA, near Paujeyuyo, 15º02’46”S, 68º27’46”W, 960 m, Sub-Andean Amazon forest, corticolous, 12 November 2014, MK 14514, 14523, 14524 (LPB, UGDA).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB634FFDDFF204129FF28FC9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB634FFDDFF204061FB40FB10.text	FD48879CB634FFDDFF204061FB40FB10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpothallon rubromaculatum G. Thor	<div><p>* Herpothallon rubromaculatum G.Thor</p> <p>Untill now reported from Brazil, Peru and Venezuela (Aptroot et al. 2009; Cáceres et al. 2014a).</p> <p>Specimens examined (corticolous). BOLIVIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.121666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.821111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.121666/lat -13.821111)">Dept. La Paz</a>: Prov. Abel Iturralde, between Ixiamas and Santa Rosa de Maravillass, 13°49’16”S, 68°07’18”W, 305 m, Subandean Amazon forest, 28 July 2008, MK 6864 (LPB, UGDA); near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.00972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.965278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.00972/lat -13.965278)">Santa Rosa de Maravillas</a>, 13°57’55”S, 68°00’35”W, 320 m, Subandean Amazon forest, 30 July 2008, MK 6938a (LPB, UGDA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.33945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.118055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.33945/lat -15.118055)">Prov. Franz Tamayo</a>, near Yuyo, 15°07’05”S, 68°20’22”W, 1150 m, Preandean Amazon forest, 16 May 2011, AF 20719 &amp; OP (KRAM, LPB); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.13694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.4366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.13694/lat -15.4366665)">Prov. Larecaja</a>, between Mariapo and Guanay, 15°26’12”S, 68°08’13”W, 1000 m, Preandean Amazon forest, 24 November 2011, AF 23136 (KRAM, LPB, UGDA).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB634FFDDFF204061FB40FB10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB634FFDDFF2047EDFEFAF81C.text	FD48879CB634FFDDFF2047EDFEFAF81C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanactis epileuca (Nyl.) Tehler	<div><p>* Lecanactis epileuca (Nyl.) Tehler</p> <p>Known in the Neotropics from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Peru, the USA (Florida) and Venezuela (Tehler 1992; Egea &amp; Torrente 1994; Tehler &amp; Egea 1997; Sipman &amp; Wolf 1998; Sipman 2006; Cáceres 2007; Ertz et al. 2015), and from St Helena (Aptroot 2008).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.44945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.8375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.44945/lat -14.8375)">Dept. La Paz</a>: Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Apolo, 14°50’15”S, 68°26’58”W, 1430 m, Preandean Amazon forest, 17 May 2011, AF 20845&amp; OP (KRAM, LPB); near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.32333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.058333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.32333/lat -15.058333)">Yuyo village</a>, 15°03’30”S, 68°19’24”W, 1230 m, Preandean Amazon forest, 23 November 2011, AF 23104 (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Larecaja, between Tipuani and Guanay, 15°31’24”S, 67°58’06”W, 1200 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.96833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.523334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.96833/lat -15.523334)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, on bark, 24 November 2011, MK 10427 (BR, LPB, UGDA),</p> <p>* Lecanactis flaviseda (Nyl.) Tehler (Fig. 2E)</p> <p>The species has been only known from the type locality in Colombia (Tehler 1992; Egea &amp; Torrente 1994; Tehler &amp; Egea 1997; Sipman et al. 2008).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.33945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.118055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.33945/lat -15.118055)">Dept. La Paz</a>: Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Yuyo, 15°07’05”S, 68°20’22”W, 1150 m, Preandean Amazon forest, 16 May 2011, AF 20733, 20762 &amp; OP (KRAM, LPB); between Apolo and Mapiri, 15°01’50”S, 68°18’33”W, 1120 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.309166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.030556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.309166/lat -15.030556)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 23 November, 2011, AF 23071 (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB634FFDDFF2047EDFEFAF81C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB635FFC3FF20462EFE0FFCB4.text	FD48879CB635FFC3FF20462EFE0FFCB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanactis minuta Ertz, Flakus & Kukwa 2015	<div><p>Lecanactis minuta Ertz, Flakus &amp; Kukwa sp. nov. (Fig. 5) MycoBank no. MB 812517</p> <p>Diagnosis: Similar to Lecanactis salicina but with distinct white apothecial margin contrasting with a pale brownish apothecial disc.</p> <p>Type: — BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Yuyo, 1150 m, 15°07’05”S, 68°20’22”W, Preandean Amazon forest, on bark, 16 May 2011, M. Kukwa 8710 (holotype UGDA!, isotypes BR!, LPB!).</p> <p>Thallus epiphloeodal, ecorticate, thin, c. 30–90 μm thick, continuous, pale grayish to pale brown, matt; prothallus not seen; photobiont trentepohlioid; cells 10–14 × 7–9 μm; apothecia sessile, with constricted base, scattered, rounded, rarely slightly elongated, rarely with an undulate margin, 0.4–0.6 mm diam.; margin covered by a thick layer of white pruina, shining due to crystals; disc flat to slightly convex, covered by a grayish to pale brown pruina; exciple brownblack, K+ slightly olivaceous, thicker at the base of the apothecium, basally 65–100 μm thick, laterally 20–50 μm thick and covered by a thin (c. 25 μm) layer of thallus; hymenium 100–130 μm tall, hyaline, not inspersed, I+ red, K/I+ blue-violet; epihymenium hyaline to pale brown, I+ persistently blue-violet, K/I+ blue-violet covered with numerous crystals (at least some of calcium oxalate); hypothecium 10–28 μm tall, pale brown, I+ blue-violet turning red, K/I+ blue-violet, K+ slightly olivaceous; paraphyses branched, anastomosing, 1–1.5 μm thick, not or only slightly enlarged at apices; asci clavate, 65–70 × 14–16 μm, 8-spored, in K/I non-amyloid except for a blue endoascus layer in the upper part, and a blue apical ring around a small ocular chamber; ascospores 24–30 × 4–4.5 μm, 3(–4)-septate, not constricted at septa, cells more or less equal in size, becoming pale brown when overmature; gelatinous sheath absent or not evident (at ×1000); pycnidia not seen.</p> <p>Chemistry: thallus K–, C–, P–, UV– (apothecia appearing darker than the thallus); substances detected by TLC (holotype tested): roccellic acid, 3 unknown substances, UV+ blue-violet before heating (Rf 60 in solvent G), UV+ violet after heating (Rf 82 in solvent G) and UV+ orange substance after heating (Rf 90 in solvent G, probably a terpenoid).</p> <p>Etymology: The name refers to the tiny ascomata.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: So far L. minuta is only known from the type locality.</p> <p>Notes: The new species fits well the genus Lecanactis Eschw. by its ecorticate thallus, sessile apothecia with a carbonized excipulum and 3-septate, fusiform ascospores lacking a gelatinous sheath. Following the key of Egea &amp; Torrente (1994), L. salicina Zahlbr. is the most similar species in having small apothecia, 3-septate ascospores of the same size, but it differs from the new species in the black margin lacking a thick layer of white pruina (but the hymenial disc can be covered by a white pruina). Lecanactis abietina (Ach.) Körb. has longer ascospores (25–40 μm), larger apothecia and a thallus with conspicuous white-pruinose pycnidia and schizopeltic acid. Lecanactis fraudans (Räsänen) Tehler has similar ascospores (23–27(–30) × 4–5 μm), but it has an excipulum with granules/crystals that dissolve in K and recrystallize to form acicular crystals, and the apothecia margins lack a thick layer of white pruina (Egea &amp; Torrente 1994).</p> <p>The new species is also reminiscent of Ocellomma picconianum (Bagl.) Ertz &amp; Tehler, but the latter species has a rudimentary excipulum and a hyaline to pale brown hypothecium (Ertz et al. 2015). All Sigridea species have a P+ orange thallus (Tehler 1993).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB635FFC3FF20462EFE0FFCB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB62AFFC3FF204040FC7EFB48.text	FD48879CB62AFFC3FF204040FC7EFB48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanactis platygraphoides (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr.	<div><p>Lecanactis aff. platygraphoides (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr.</p> <p>Our specimen keys out under L. platygraphoides in Egea &amp; Torrente (1994) but there is considerable variation in this species regarding thallus colour (whitish grey to sulphurous) and ascospores septation (3 to 5 septa) (Egea &amp; Torrente 1994). Our collection has a sulphurous thallus similar to a specimen from Papua New Guinea (specimen ‘ Sérusiaux 13601 ’; Egea et al. 1996) and (4–)5(–6)-septate ascospores, but the type specimen has a whitish grey thallus and 3-septate ascospores. Therefore, the identification of the cited here material is tentative. TLC of our specimen revealed schizopeltic acid and several unidentified UV+ substances that are also present in Lecanactis abietina.</p> <p>So far Lecanactis platygraphoides is known from Australia and Papua New Guinea (Egea &amp; Torrente 1994; Tehler &amp; Egea 1997).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Caballero, near Siberia, 17°45’54”S, 64°48’47”W, 2570 m, open Yungas cloud forest, 17 August 2012, MK 11679 (LPB, UGDA).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB62AFFC3FF204040FC7EFB48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB62AFFC3FF20460CFB93FA6C.text	FD48879CB62AFFC3FF20460CFB93FA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanographa uniseptata Ertz, van den Boom, Tehler & Degreef	<div><p>** Lecanographa uniseptata Ertz, van den Boom, Tehler &amp; Degreef</p> <p>A species only known from Gabon and Guatemala (Ertz et al. 2010).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Yuyo, 15°07’05”S, 68°20’22”W, 1150 m, Preandean Amazon forest, corticolous, 16 May 2011, AF 20763 &amp; OP (KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB62AFFC3FF20460CFB93FA6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB62AFFC3FF2046E8FB9CF78C.text	FD48879CB62AFFC3FF2046E8FB9CF78C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myriostigma napoense (Kalb & Jonitz) Kukwa 2015	<div><p>* Myriostigma napoense (Kalb &amp; Jonitz) Kukwa, comb. nov. MycoBank no. MB 812519</p> <p>Basionym. Cryptothecia napoensis Kalb &amp; Jonitz, in Kalb et al. (2012: 40).</p> <p>The genus Myriostigma Kremp. has recently been reinstated for the Cryptothecia candida group characterised by raised maculate, ascomata-like fertile thalli, 8-spored, thick-walled, globular and stalked asci, and hyaline, bean-shaped, muriform ascospores (Frisch et al. 2014). The characteristics of Cryptothecia napoensis fits the circumscription of Myriostigma (Kalb et al. 2012; Frisch et al. 2014), therefore the new combination is proposed here.</p> <p>So far M. napoensis has been known from the type locality in Ecuador (Kalb et al. 2012).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.82305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.061945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.82305/lat -14.061945)">Dept. La Paz</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.82305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.061945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.82305/lat -14.061945)">Prov. Abel Iturralde</a>, near Tumupasa, 14°03’43”S, 67°49’23”W, 375 m, Subandean Amazon forest, corticolous, 27 July 2008, MK 6791 (LPB, UGDA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.47667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.039445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.47667/lat -15.039445)">Prov. Franz Tamayo</a>, APOLOBAMBA, near Paujeyuyo, 15º02’22”S, 68º28’36”W, 1010 m, disturbed Sub-Andean Amazon forest, corticolous, 12 November 2014, MK 14539, 14548 (LPB, UGDA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.46778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.077778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.46778/lat -15.077778)">Thola Pampa</a> between Paujeyuyo and Wayrapata, 15º04’40”S, 68º28’04”W, 1200 m, Sub-Andean Amazon forest, foliicolous, 13 November 2014, MK 14557 (LPB, UGDA); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.96833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.523334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.96833/lat -15.523334)">Prov. Larecaja</a>, between Tipuani and Guanay, 15°31’24”S, 67°58’06”W, 1200 m, Preandean Amazon forest, corticolous, 24 November 2011, MK 10436 (LPB, UGDA); near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.03667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.467222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.03667/lat -15.467222)">Pajonalvilaque</a>, 15°28’02”S, 68°02’12”W, 890 m, Preandean Amazon forest, corticolous, 24 November 2011, MK 10397a (LPB, UGDA).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB62AFFC3FF2046E8FB9CF78C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB62BFFC2FF2043A5FADBFE2B.text	FD48879CB62BFFC2FF2043A5FADBFE2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myriostigma subcandidum (M. Caceres & Lucking) Frisch & G. Thor	<div><p>* Myriostigma subcandidum (M.Cáceres &amp; Lücking) Frisch &amp; G.Thor syn. Cryptothecia subcandida M.Cáceres &amp; Lücking</p> <p>So far known from Brazil (Cáceres 2007).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Abel Iturralde, near Santa Rosa de Maravillas, 13°57’55”S, 68°00’35”W, 320 m, Subandean Amazon forest, on bark of tree, 30 July 2008, MK 6946 (LPB, UGDA).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB62BFFC2FF2043A5FADBFE2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB62BFFC2FF2042B4FADAFC18.text	FD48879CB62BFFC2FF2042B4FADAFC18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opegrapha astraea Tuck.	<div><p>* Opegrapha astraea Tuck. (Fig. 3A)</p> <p>This pantropical lichen has been reported from Africa (e.g., Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa and Zambia), Asia (e.g., Papua New Guinea, Thailand, the Philippines), Australia, South America (Brazil, the Galapagos Islands) and the USA (Cáceres 2007; Ertz 2009; Lücking et al. 2011; Bungartz et al. 2013; McCarthy 2014).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, between Tucavaca to Roboré, 18º37’56”S, 59º36’50”W, 220 m, transition <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.613888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.632223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.613888/lat -18.632223)">Chiquitano-Chaqueño forest</a>, 4 December 2011, AF 23454 (KRAM, LPB); KAA-IYA, between Tucavaca colony and National Park border, 18º31’40”S, 60º41’26”W, 314 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.690556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.527777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.690556/lat -18.527777)">Chiquitano forest</a>, 4 December 2010, AF 19198, 19231&amp; JQ (KRAM, LPB); Bañados del Izozog, near Río Parapeti, 18º28’40”S, 62º05’03”W, 320 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.084164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.477777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.084164/lat -18.477777)">Ribereño forest</a>, 2 December 2010, AF 18911 &amp; JQ (KRAM, LPB); near Tucavaca colony, 18º30’19”S, 60º57’14”W, 278 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.953888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.505278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.953888/lat -18.505278)">Chiquitano forest</a>, 4 December 2010, AF 18985, 19059, 19085, 19111, 19118/1, 19151 &amp; JQ (KRAM, LPB); Prov. Florida, AMBORÓ, below La Yunga, 18°05’59”S, 63°56’55”W, 1650 m, dry forest, 8 June 2011, MK 9939 (BR, LPB, UGDA). Dept. Tarija: Prov. Burnet O’Connor, near Soledad, 21°41’00”S, 64°07’29”W, 1500 m, Tucumano-Boliviano montano forest, 11 August 2012, MK 11368 (LPB, UGDA).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB62BFFC2FF2042B4FADAFC18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB62BFFC2FF2040E5FC16FAA7.text	FD48879CB62BFFC2FF2040E5FC16FAA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opegrapha subvulgata Nyl.	<div><p>** Opegrapha subvulgata Nyl.</p> <p>A widespread species in the tropics so far reported from Africa, the Seychelles, Asia, New Caledonia and Australia (Ertz 2009).</p> <p>Specimens examined (corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, KAA-IYA, Bañados del Izozog, near Río Parapeti, 18º28’40”S, 62º05’03”W, 320 m, Ribereño forest, 2 December 2010, AF 18901 &amp; JQ (KRAM, LPB). Dept. Tarija: Prov. Aniceto Arce, Serranía de Propiedad Arnold, 22º13’19”S, 64º33’41”W, 1309, m Tucumano-Boliviano montane forest, 24 November 2010, AF 18865.1 (KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB62BFFC2FF2040E5FC16FAA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB62BFFC2FF204639FC3AF97C.text	FD48879CB62BFFC2FF204639FC3AF97C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sagenidiopsis isidiata G. Thor, Elix, Lucking & Sipman	<div><p>* Sagenidiopsis isidiata G.Thor, Elix, Lücking &amp; Sipman</p> <p>This species has been only recently described and so far reported from Curaçao, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti and Venezuela (Lumbsch et al. 2011; Ertz et al. 2015).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, CARRASCO, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.309166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.030556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.309166/lat -15.030556)">Ch’iqta</a> rumi, 17°28’44”S, 65°17’06”W, 2120 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.309166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.030556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.309166/lat -15.030556)">Yungas</a> cloud forest, 21 July 2008, AF 10274, MK &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.309166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.030556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.309166/lat -15.030556)">Dept. La Paz</a>: Prov. Franz Tamayo, between Apolo and Mapiri, 15°01’50”S, 68°18’33”W, 1120 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.309166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.030556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.309166/lat -15.030556)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 23 November 2011, MK 10325 (LPB, UGDA); near Yuyo, 15°03’30”S, 68°19’24”W, 1230 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.32333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.058333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.32333/lat -15.058333)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 23 November 2011, AF 23102 (KRAM, LPB); near Yuyo, 15°07’05”S, 68°20’22”W, 1150 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.33945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.118055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.33945/lat -15.118055)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 16 May 2011, AF 20759 &amp; OP (LPB); Prov. Nor Yungas, between Cotapata and Yucupi. UTM 625608 8210396. 1475 m, 6 December 2006, PR 327 &amp; S. Gallegos (B, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB62BFFC2FF204639FC3AF97C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB62BFFC2FF204401FB47F863.text	FD48879CB62BFFC2FF204401FB47F863.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sagenidiopsis undulata (Fee) Egea, Tehler, Torrente & Sipman	<div><p>* Sagenidiopsis undulata (Fée) Egea, Tehler, Torrente &amp; Sipman (Fig. 3B &amp; C)</p> <p>So far reported from Brazil, Colombia, Cuba and Guyana (Egea et al. 1995).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Apolo, 14°50’15”S, 68°26’58”W, 1430 m, Preandean Amazon forest, corticolous, 17 May 2011, AF 20832 &amp; OP (BR, KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB62BFFC2FF204401FB47F863	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB628FFC1FF2043A5FDD1FE00.text	FD48879CB628FFC1FF2043A5FDD1FE00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syncesia farinacea (Fee) Tehler	<div><p>* Syncesia farinacea (Fée) Tehler (Fig. 3D)</p> <p>This species has been recorded in the Neotropics from Brazil, Colombia, Galapagos Islands, Mexico, Panama, the West Indies, and Venezuela, and elsewhere from India (Tehler 1997; Joseph et al. 2013; Joshi et al. 2013; Ertz et al. 2015).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Guarayos, RN de Vida Silvestre Ríos Blanco y Negro, Virgen de Pilar near Chonta, 15°38’54”S, 62°57’37”W, 229 m, lowland Amazon forest, corticolous, 22 July 2009, AF 13234.1 &amp; PR (BR, KRAM, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB628FFC1FF2043A5FDD1FE00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB628FFC1FF2042DDFBE6FD74.text	FD48879CB628FFC1FF2042DDFBE6FD74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Syncesia rhizomorpha Tehler	<div><p>Syncesia aff. rhizomorpha Tehler</p> <p>Our specimen has the conspicuous, rhizomorph-like thalline surface, but lacks schizopeltic acid. Further studies are therefore needed to investigate if it is a distinct taxon.</p> <p>The species has been known only from few records in Brazil (Tehler 1997; Cáceres 2007).</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Larecaja, near Achiquiri, 15°13’31”S, 68°13’49”W, 1070 m, Yungas inferior secondary forest, on bark, 16 May 2011, MK 8666 (LPB, UGDA).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB628FFC1FF2042DDFBE6FD74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB628FFC1FF204009FCA5FB60.text	FD48879CB628FFC1FF204009FCA5FB60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tylophorella pyrenocarpoides (Mull. Arg.) Egea	<div><p>* Tylophorella pyrenocarpoides (Müll.Arg.) Egea (Fig. 3E)</p> <p>The species is known from the Neotropics (Brazil, the Galapagos Islands, Colombia, Venezuela) and elsewhere from Africa (Kenya) and Australia (Egea &amp; Tibell 1993; López-Figueiras 1986; Tibell 1996; Rogers 2014).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, CARRASCO, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.503334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.275/lat -17.503334)">Sehuencas</a>, 17°30’12”S, 65°16’30”W, 2220 m, montane cloud forest, with some rocks in open place, 21 July 2008, AF 10544.1, MK 6466 &amp; PR (BR, LPB, UGDA); Prov. Chapare, CARRASCO, near Incachaca, 17°15’10”S, 65°48’51”W, 2330 m, disturbed montane cloud forest, 23 July 2008, MK 6736 (LPB, UGDA). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.721115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.18611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.721115/lat -16.18611)">Dept. La Paz</a>: Prov. Nor Yungas, Coroico, 16°11’10”S, 67°43’16”W, 1550 m, Yungas montane forest, 6 June 2010, AF 16394.2 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB); Coroico, Sol y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.948612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.099722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.948612/lat -18.099722)">Luna</a> hotel, 1870 m, 16°11’56”S, 67°43’26”W, gardens with trees, 13 December 2011, MK 10740 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Florida, ÁMBORO, below La Yunga, 18º05’59”S, 63º56’55”W, 1648 m, transicion Yungas- Chiquitano forests, 8 June 2011, AF 22568 &amp; OP (KRAM, LPB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB628FFC1FF204009FCA5FB60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB628FFC1FF2047FDFC92F98C.text	FD48879CB628FFC1FF2047FDFC92F98C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tylophoron crassiusculum Tibell Flakus 2008	<div><p>Tylophoron crassiusculum Tibell</p> <p>This Neotropical species has been reported from Bolivia (one record only), Costa Rica, Ecuador and Venezuela (López-Figueiras 1986; Tibell 1996; Flakus 2008; Ertz et al. 2011).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Chapare, CARRASCO, near Incachaca, 17°15’10”S, 65°48’51”W, 2330 m, Yungas cloud forest, 23 July 2008, AF 10779, 10790, 10797, 10802, 10810, 10821, MK &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB). Dept. La Paz: Prov. Sud Yungas, Alto Beni Sapecho, Colonia Tarapacá, 650 m, 15°32’S, 67°21’W, 20 April 1999, A. Acebey &amp; T. Krömer 975 (B, LPB).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB628FFC1FF2047FDFC92F98C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB628FFC0FF204551FCE8FF74.text	FD48879CB628FFC0FF204551FCE8FF74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tylophoron hibernicum (D. Hawksw., Coppins & P. James) Ertz, Diederich, Bungartz & Tibell	<div><p>* Tylophoron hibernicum (D. Hawksw., Coppins &amp; P. James) Ertz, Diederich, Bungartz &amp; Tibell</p> <p>This species has a wide distribution range and so far has been reported from Africa, Europe, and in the Neotropics from Brazil, Colombia, Dominica, USA (including Hawaii), Puerto Rico and the Galapagos Islands (Ertz et al. 2011; Bungartz et al. 2013; Cáceres et al. 2014b; Lendemer &amp; Harris 2014).</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, CARRASCO, near Sehuencas, 17°30’12”S, 65°16’30”W, 2220 m, Yungas cloud forest, 21 July 2008, AF 10544.2, MK &amp; PR (LPB); Prov. Chapare, CARRASCO, near Incachaca, S 17°15’10”, W65°48’51”, 2330 m, disturbed montane cloud forest, 23 July 2008, MK 6735 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. La Paz: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.36056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.8475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.36056/lat -14.8475)">Prov. Franz Tamayo</a>, between Apolo and Mapiri, 14°50’51”S, 68°21’38”W, 1530 m, savannah, 23 November 2011, AF 23057 (KRAM, LPB); near Apolo, 14°50’15”S, 68°26’58”W, 1430 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.44945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.8375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.44945/lat -14.8375)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 17 May 2011, AF 20853 &amp; OP (BR, KRAM, LPB); Prov. Larecaja, between Tipuani and Guanay, 15°31’24”S, 67°58’06”W, 1200 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.91&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.058332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.91/lat -18.058332)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 24 November 2011, AF 23178 (LPB). Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Florida, AMBORÓ, above la Yunga, 18º03’30”S, 63º54’36”W, 2330 m, Yungas cloud forest, on bark, 7 June 2011, AF 22482 &amp; OP (KRAM, LPB, UGDA).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB628FFC0FF204551FCE8FF74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB629FFC0FF204209FD8CFBC8.text	FD48879CB629FFC0FF204209FD8CFBC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tylophoron protrudens Nyl.	<div><p>Tylophoron protrudens Nyl.</p> <p>This widespread species has been reported e.g. from Australia, Bolivia (one record only), Borneo, Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guyana, Hawaii, Mexico, Oceania, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (López-Figueiras 1986; Tibell 1981, 1996; Aptroot et al. 1997, 2008; Elix &amp; McCarthy 1998; Sipman &amp; Wolf 1998; Flakus 2008; Sipman et al. 2008; Ertz et al. 2011; Lendemer &amp; Harris 2014; McCarthy 2014). In the studied material we came across some sterile samples containing lichexanthone, but lacking lecanoric acid, and developing poorly delimited felt of dark brown sporodochia. They are most similar to T. protrudens as it is the only lichexanthone containing species with this type of sporodochia (Tibell 1996; Ertz et al. 2011). However, the absence of lecanoric acid is unusual and for the time being we assign these specimens to T. protrudens.</p> <p>Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Beni: Prov. Itenez, Puerto Feliz by Río Blanco, 13°09’23”S, 63°43’24”W, 137 m, lowland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.248333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.806944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.248333/lat -18.806944)">Amazon forest</a>, 16 August 2008, AF 12122 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB; conidial states). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.248333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.806944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.248333/lat -18.806944)">Dept. La Paz</a>: Prov. Franz Tamayo, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.248333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.806944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.248333/lat -18.806944)">Yuyo village</a>, 15°07’05”S, 68°20’22”W, 1150 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.248333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.806944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.248333/lat -18.806944)">Preandean Amazon forest</a>, 16 May 2011, AF 20720 &amp; OP (KRAM, LPB; ascosporic states). Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, near Peto Blanco, 18º48’25”S, 60º14’54”W, 330 m, transition <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.248333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.806944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.248333/lat -18.806944)">Chiquitano-Chaqueño forest</a>, 6 December 2011, MK 10701 (LPB, UGDA; ascosporic states).</p> <p>Sterile specimens with UV+ orange and C-negative thalli examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Franz Tamayo, between Apolo and Mapiris, 13 km from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.36056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.8475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.36056/lat -14.8475)">Apolo</a>, 14°50’51”S, 68°21’38”W, 1490 m, savannah with scattered trees, shrubs, along the streams, 23 November 2011, MK 10272 (LPB); Prov. Nor Yungas, Coroico, near Sol y Luna hotel, 1870 m, 16°11’56”S, 67°43’26”W, gardens with trees, 13 December 2011, MK 10782 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. Tarija: Prov. Burnet O’Connor, 26 km from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.12278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.664444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.12278/lat -21.664444)">Entre Ríos</a>, near Soledad, 21°39’52”S, 64°07’22”W, 1700 m, Tucumano-Boliviano montano forest, 11 August 2012, MK 11340 (LPB, UGDA); Lomas de la Soledad, road between <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.12528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.660555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.12528/lat -21.660555)">Entre Ríos</a> and Chiquiacá, 21°39’38”S, 64°07’31”W, 1670 m, Tucumano-Boliviano altimontano forest, 10 August 2012, MK 11266 (LPB, UGDA).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB629FFC0FF204209FD8CFBC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
FD48879CB629FFC0FF204795FF07FADC.text	FD48879CB629FFC0FF204795FF07FADC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zwackhia bonplandii (Fee) Ertz	<div><p>* Zwackhia bonplandii (Fée) Ertz s.l. (Fig. 3F)</p> <p>A widespread species in the tropics, very variable in thallus colour suggesting a species complex (Redinger 1940; Ertz 2009). Our specimen has a greyish thallus with minute black maculae.</p> <p>Specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Dept. Beni: Prov. Itenez, Cerro de Oricore by Río San Martín, 13°19’55”S, 63°30’37”W, 240 m, dry forest overgrow granitic hill, inselberg, corticolous, 19 August 2008, AF 12636 &amp; PR (KRAM, LPB)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD48879CB629FFC0FF204795FF07FADC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ertz, Damien;Flakus, Adam;Oset, Magdalena;Sipman, Harrie J. M.;Kukwa, Martin	Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Kukwa, Martin (2015): A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species. Phytotaxa 217 (1): 1-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.1
