identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FC004324FFDEFFF4FE45F9CBFECBFE10.text	FC004324FFDEFFF4FE45F9CBFECBFE10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microsphecodes Eickwort & Stage 1972	<div><p>Genus Microsphecodes Eickwort &amp; Stage</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS: Small, cleptoparasitic halictine bees with generally fine punctation and sparse setation; head, mesosoma, legs, and metasoma usually with extensive areas of yellow, orange, testaceous, or ferruginous coloration. Head broad; clypeus 2.8– 4.5 times wider than long, sometimes with faint longitudinal depression. Mandible simple (i.e., without subapical teeth). Labrum with transverse basal elevation, distal process broadly rounded. Hypostomal bridge sclerotized anterior to anterior angles of hypostomal carinae. Compound eyes generally bare or with sparse, scarcely visible setae, rarely with more elongate setae (more elongate setae are presently known only in M. trichommus). Preoccipital area rounded or weakly carinate. Pronotum with horizontal surface poorly defined and narrow medially, rounded medially onto anterior surface; lateral angle angulate, anterior ridge prior to angle carinate or rounded, dorsal ridge rounded, lateral ridge scarcely developed, typically rounded or faintly carinate bordering dorsolateral angle. Anterior border of mesoscutum gently convex, no strongly convex or vertical surface. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum polished, finely punctate; mesoscutellum not biconvex; propodeum irregularly reticulate-rugose posteriorly; basal area of propodeum slightly shorter to slightly longer than mesoscutellum, semilunar. Legs slender. Forewing with pterostigma enlarged, convex; marginal cell long, apex acute, free part of marginal cell nearly three times as long as part bordering submarginal cells; submarginal cells do not or scarcely extend beyond apex of pterostigma; second and third submarginal cells, when present, each receiving a rs-m crossvein (M. xaymacensis Engel has only two submarginal cells). Metasoma polished; first metasomal tergum longer than broad, with no or scarcely any constriction between first and second terga.</p> <p>♀: Female without scopa; metabasitibial plate completely absent; metatibia without spine-like setae or pegs; inner metatibial spur simple. Pygidial plate narrow, apically rounded, parallel-sided or nearly so, marginal carina scarcely extending onto tergal disc.</p> <p>♂: Male antenna short, resembling that of female. Metabasitarsus not fused to second metatarsomere. Pygidial plate well defined, broadly or narrowly rounded or subtruncate. Sterna IV – VI with graduli absent or defined only basally, not extending over half distance to margin. Gonobase large; gonocoxae without striations; convex, seta-bearing, ventral gonostylar process short relative to Sphecodes, surpassed by expanded dorsal gonostylar process; penis valve slender, with sharp dorsal crest, without ventral prong.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Microsphecodes is most similar to Nesosphecodes, both sharing a fine punctation on the head and mesosoma (coarse and closely packed punctation in Sphecodes), shortened submarginal cells, very broad clypeus (even more so in Nesosphecodes), absence of vertical pronotal lateral ridge or carina, and absence of a defined mesoscutal anterior vertical surface. The genus differs from Nesosphecodes by the extensive yellow, orange, or testaceous areas of integument (entirely black in Nesosphecodes), the less broad clypeus (broader in Nesosphecodes: vide metrics in Engel, 2006a), shorter mandibles (mandibles longer than the compound eyes in Nesosphecodes, at most about as long as compound eye in M. xaymacensis), the longer subantennal sulci (length only about as long as antennal torular diameter in Nesosphecodes), and larger body size (7.8–9.2 mm in length among species of Nesosphecodes vs. 3.5–6 mm in Microsphecodes).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC004324FFDEFFF4FE45F9CBFECBFE10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Engel, Michael S.	Engel, Michael S. (2013): A new species of Microsphecodes from Peru, with notes on the classification of the genus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of Melittology 2013 (24): 1-9, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642, URL: https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642
FC004324FFDCFFF4FE68FCEBFEC1FB53.text	FC004324FFDCFFF4FE68FCEBFEC1FB53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microsphecodes (Microsphecodes) Eickwort & Stage 1972	<div><p>Subgenus Microsphecodes Eickwort &amp; Stage</p> <p>Sphecodes (Microsphecodes) Eickwort &amp; Stage, 1972: 501. Type species: Sphecodes (Microsphecodes) kathleenae Eickwort in Eickwort &amp; Stage, 1972, by original designation.</p> <p>Microsphecodes Eickwort &amp; Stage; Michener, 1978: 317; Michener, 2000: 366; Michener, 2007: 382.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS: Basal area of propodeum striate-foveolate, typically with areolae bordering midline enlarged, posteriorly delimited by distinct, strong carina. Mesosomal and metasomal pubscence generally sparse but setae of pleura fine and numerous.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES: Aside from the type species, M. kathleenae, the subgenus includes M. russeiclypeatus (Sakagami &amp; Moure), M. trichommus, M. truncaticaudus, and M. stenochorus n. sp. (Sakagami &amp; Moure, 1962; Eickwort &amp; Stage, 1972; Michener, 1979) (Table 1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC004324FFDCFFF4FE68FCEBFEC1FB53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Engel, Michael S.	Engel, Michael S. (2013): A new species of Microsphecodes from Peru, with notes on the classification of the genus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of Melittology 2013 (24): 1-9, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642, URL: https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642
FC004324FFDCFFF4FE46FDE8FB01FD13.text	FC004324FFDCFFF4FE46FDE8FB01FD13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microsphecodes Eickwort & Stage 1972	<div><p>Key to the Subgenera of Microsphecodes</p> <p>1. Basal area of propodeum striate-foveolate, posteriorly delimited by distinct, strong carina; pubescence of mesosoma prominent, particularly on pleura............................................................................ Microsphecodes Eickwort &amp; Stage s.str.</p> <p>―. Basal area of propodeum rugoso-striate, not delimited posteriorly by carina, instead posterior angle rounded; pubescence of mesosoma sparse, particularly on pleura............................................................... Baeosphecodes Engel, n. subgen.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC004324FFDCFFF4FE46FDE8FB01FD13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Engel, Michael S.	Engel, Michael S. (2013): A new species of Microsphecodes from Peru, with notes on the classification of the genus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of Melittology 2013 (24): 1-9, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642, URL: https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642
FC004324FFDCFFF3FE4AFB28FB01FDF0.text	FC004324FFDCFFF3FE4AFB28FB01FDF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microsphecodes Eickwort & Stage 1972	<div><p>Key to species of Microsphecodes s.str.</p> <p>(Females only)</p> <p>1. Head and mesosoma entirely dark brown to black except pronotal lobe sometimes testaceous or ferruginous........................................................................... 2</p> <p>―. Head dark brown or black with clypeus largely to entirely orange, orange-red, or testaceous; mesosoma with large areas of orange, orange-red, or testaceous integument, particularly on pronotum, mesoscutellum, and metanotum, such areas sometimes infuscated.................................................................. 3</p> <p>2(1). Scape dark brown to black; setae of compound eye absent or scarcely visible; basal area of propodeum with areolae bordering midline not greatly enlarged relative to neighboring areolae (Colombia)............. M. truncaticaudus Michener</p> <p>―. Scape yellowish red; setae of compound eye prominent, longer than 2 ommatidial diameters; basal area of propodeum with areolae bordering midline greatly enlarged (Colombia)........................................ M. trichommus Michener</p> <p>3(1). Basal area of propodeum with areolae on either side of midline distinctly enlarged relative to those between radiating striae; mesoscutum dark brown to black; clypeus very broad, 3.5 or more times as wide as medially long........ 4</p> <p>―. Basal area of propodeum with areolae on either side of midline narrow, more similar in size relative to those between radiating striae (Fig. 3); mesoscutum laterally, medioanteriorly, and medioposteriorly orange-red, remainder of surface pitch black with thickened H-shaped appearance (Fig. 1); clypeus not as broad, slightly less than 3 times as wide as medially long (Peru)......................................................................................................... M. stenochorus Engel, n. sp.</p> <p>4(3). Mesoscutellum orange-red; clypeus 3.5–4 times as wide as medially long (Costa Rica-Colombia)................................................................ M. kathleenae (Eickwort)</p> <p>―. Mesoscutellum infuscated testaceous; clypeus 4.5 time as wide as medially long (Brazil).............................................. M. russeiclypeatus (Sakagami &amp; Moure)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC004324FFDCFFF3FE4AFB28FB01FDF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Engel, Michael S.	Engel, Michael S. (2013): A new species of Microsphecodes from Peru, with notes on the classification of the genus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of Melittology 2013 (24): 1-9, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642, URL: https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642
FC004324FFDBFFF0FEEDFD8BFDDEFE73.text	FC004324FFDBFFF0FEEDFD8BFDDEFE73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microphecodes (Microsphecodes) stenochorus Engel 2013	<div><p>Microphecodes (Microsphecodes) stenochorus Engel, new species</p> <p>ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 06903B29-806C-444F-ACAE-7CB78E3D3E83</p> <p>(Figs. 1–6)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS: The new species is most similar to M. russeiclypeatus and M. kathleenae in terms of overall coloration but differs from them both in the color of the mesoscutum, by the smaller areolae on other side of the midline on the dorsal-facing surface of the propodeum, and the narrower clypeus (2.8 times as wide as medial length in the new species, 3.5–4.5 times as wide as medial length in M. kathleenae and M. russeiclypeatus). In M. stenochorus these areolae are similar in size, particularly width, to the bordering areolae demarcated by the radiating striae, while in the aforementioned species the areolae bordering the midline are greatly enlarged relative to the others. In addition, the mesoscutum of M. stenochorus has thin orange-red lateral margins and large, distinctive areas of orange-red medioanteriorly and medioposteriorly, giving the black portion of the surface the appearance of a thickened H-shape.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION: ♀: Total body length 5.30 mm; forewing length 4.0 mm. Head broader than long (width 1.41 mm, length 1.27 mm as measured from clypeal apex to vertex in facial view). Mandible elongate, without subapical tooth, slightly shorter than compound eye length. Clypeus 2.8 times broader than long (width 0.75 mm, medial length 0.17 mm). Frontal line carinate from lower tangent of antennal toruli to point above upper tangent of toruli equivalent to 2.5 times torulus diameter. Upper interorbital distance 0.89 mm; lower interorbital distance 0.78 mm; inner margin of compound eye slightly concave just above level of antennal toruli. Gena only slightly narrower than compound eye in profile. Intertegular distance 0.84 mm. Inner metatibial spur simple. Forewing venation as in figure 6; hind wing with five distal hamuli arranged in a single series.</p> <p>Integument generally shining. Clypeus smooth with shallow, coarse punctures separated by less than a puncture width; supraclypeal area smooth with small punctures separated by 0.5–2 times a puncture width; remainder of head smooth and distinctly punctate, punctures separated by less than a puncture width, becoming slightly more widely spaced in ocellocular area, punctures sparser around ocelli and on vertex; gena smooth with punctures separated by 1–2 times a puncture width; postgena imbricate and impunctate. Pronotum smooth with shallow, faint punctures separated by less than a puncture width. Mesoscutum smooth with punctures separated by a puncture width or a little less anteriorly, separated by less than a puncture width lateral to parapsidal lines and along posterior margin, and sparse over disc, separated by 2–5 times a puncture width; tegula impunctate and exceedingly faintly imbricate; mesoscutellum smooth and almost impunctate over disc, small punctures separated by less than a puncture width along extreme lateral and posterior borders; metanotum smooth with shallow punctures separated by a puncture width or less. Pleura smooth with shallow, coarse punctures separated by less than a puncture width. Basal area of propodeum striate-foveolate, strong striae radiating from basal margin and defining distinct areolae (Fig. 3), areolae bordering midline not greatly enlarged relative to neighboring areolae, posteriorly delimited by a strong carina (Fig. 3), integument between striae smooth and shining; lateral and posterior surfaces of propodeum smooth with irregular rugae (Fig. 4). Metasomal terga smooth, virtually impunctate except sparse (Fig. 4), faint, minute punctures associated with base of setae in basal halves of more apical terga; first and second sternum smooth, remaining sterna very faintly imbricate.</p> <p>Mandible orange, with reddish apex; labiomaxillary complex dark brown except palpi and glossa yellow; clypeus orange-red (Fig. 2); supraclypeal area black with small faint reddish spot medially at peak; remainder of head black; scape orange-red; pedicel and first flagellomere reddish brown, remainder of flagellum dark brown (Figs. 1, 2). Mesosoma largely ferruginous (Figs. 1, 3–5) except with black patches on upper mesepisternum, lower and ventral mesepisternum (Fig. 5), and mesoscutum except laterally, medioanteriorly, and medioposteriorly orange-red, forming a thickened H-shape (Figs. 1, 2). Wing veins dark brown; wing membrane hyaline (Fig. 6). Legs orange-red. First metasomal tergum orange-red, basal and lateral portions of second tergum orange-red, remaining terga dark brown (Fig. 4); first sternum orange-red; second sternum reddish brown; remaining sterna dark brown.</p> <p>Pubescence relatively sparse and fine (Figs. 1, 5), generally white except somewhat yellow on face, pro- and mesotibiae, pro- and mesotarsi, and metasoma. Setae generally simple and erect, some with minute branches; face with moderately-dense, appressed, short, plumose setae on lower face (Fig. 2); preëpisternum and anterior mesepisternum with moderately-dense whitish, plumose setae (Fig. 5).</p> <p>♂: Unknown.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE: ♀, Peru, UC [Ucayali], Coronel Portillo, Calleria, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.666306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.3262" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.666306/lat -8.3262)">Abujao</a>, 08º19’34.32’’S / 73º39’58.7’’W, 195 m, 23–25.iv.2013 [23–25 April 2013], L. Sulca (MUSM).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is a combination of the Greek words stenos (meaning, “narrow”) and chora (meaning, “room”), and is a reference to the areolae on the dorsal-facing surface of propodeum.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC004324FFDBFFF0FEEDFD8BFDDEFE73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Engel, Michael S.	Engel, Michael S. (2013): A new species of Microsphecodes from Peru, with notes on the classification of the genus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of Melittology 2013 (24): 1-9, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642, URL: https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642
FC004324FFD8FFF0FE10FC48FB01FAB3.text	FC004324FFD8FFF0FE10FC48FB01FAB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Baeosphecodes) Engel 2013	<div><p>Key to species of Baeosphecodes</p> <p>(Females only)</p> <p>1. Mesosoma entirely or at least partially black to darkly infuscate...................... 2</p> <p>―. Mesosoma entirely orange-testaceous (Jamaica)................ M. xaymacensis Engel</p> <p>2(1). Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metanotum, and propodeum concolorous, black............................................................................................................................. 3</p> <p>―. Mesonotal sclerites of contrasting coloration......................................................... 4</p> <p>3(2). Pronotum and mesosternum testaceous, remainder of mesosoma black (St. Vincent)................................................................................ M. solitarius (Ashmead)</p> <p>―. Mesosomal dorsum black, pleura infuscated, venter testaceous (Dominica)....................................................................................................... M. dominicanus (Stage)</p> <p>4(2). Mesoscutellum and metanotum pitch black; propodeum yellow (St. Kitts)................................................................................................................ M. kittensis Engel</p> <p>―. Mesoscutellum and metanotum orange-testaceous, sometimes infuscated; propodeum darkly infuscate (St. Vincent)....................... M. thoracicus (Ashmead)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC004324FFD8FFF0FE10FC48FB01FAB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Engel, Michael S.	Engel, Michael S. (2013): A new species of Microsphecodes from Peru, with notes on the classification of the genus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of Melittology 2013 (24): 1-9, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642, URL: https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642
FC004324FFD8FFF0FE4AFE0BFBF6FCB3.text	FC004324FFD8FFF0FE4AFE0BFBF6FCB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Baeosphecodes) Engel 2013	<div><p>Baeosphecodes Engel, new subgenus</p> <p>ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C4FA5614-EEEC-4E51-A1B0-14ED22FCA95B</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Sphecodes (Microsphecodes) dominicanus Stage in Eickwort &amp; Stage, 1972.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS: Basal area of propodeum rugoso-striate, not delimited posteriorly by carina, posterior border rounded. Mesosomal and metasomal pubscence generally sparse, particularly on pleura.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY: The new genus-group name is a combination of baios (Greek, meaning “scanty”, in reference to the sparser pubescence of these species relative to Microsphecodes s.str.) and Sphecodes, type genus of the Sphecodina. The name is masculine.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES: The subgenus presently includes five species: M. domincanus (Stage), M. kittensis Engel, M. solitarius (Ashmead), M. thoracicus (Ashmead), and M. xaymacensis (Ashmead, 1900; Eickwort &amp; Stage, 1972; Engel, 2006b, 2011) (Table 1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC004324FFD8FFF0FE4AFE0BFBF6FCB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Engel, Michael S.	Engel, Michael S. (2013): A new species of Microsphecodes from Peru, with notes on the classification of the genus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of Melittology 2013 (24): 1-9, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642, URL: https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i24.4642
