Paulosawaya Martínez & d’Andretta, 1956, revalidated

Amphicrania Burmeister, 1855: 26 (non Amphicania Dejean, 1833, a synonym of Liogenys, Diplotaxini), syn. nov. Type species: Amphicrania ursina Burmeister, 1855 (designation: Evans 2003: 249); junior synonymy of Paulosawaya ursina (Blanchard, 1850) comb. nov. (original combination: Clavipalpus ursinus Blanchard, 1850).

Pseudoleuretra Martínez & d’Andretta, 1956: 351, syn. nov. Type species: Pseudoleuretra bokermanni Martínez & d’Andretta, 1956 (original designation).

Amphicrania – Gemminger & Harold 1869: 1143 (synonymy with Clavipalpus).

Paulosawaya – Smith 2008: 22 (synonymy with Clavipalpus).

Type species

Paulosawaya ornatissima Martínez & d’Andretta, 1956 (original designation).

Diagnosis

Clypeal ventral area strongly widened; maxillary palpomere IV elongate (Fig. 6 D); pronotal anterior and posterior margins not beaded; prosternum anteriorly concave (similar to Fig. 12 K); protibia with 2–3 external teeth and without spur; elytral striae indistinct, posterior and posterointernal margins not beaded; meso- and metatibiae each with a transverse carina; metatarsomere V without spine-like setae; abdomen with intersegmental membrane VII–VIII concealed.

Remarks

Katovich (2008) redescribed Clavipalpus based on syntypes of C. ursinus Blanchard, 1850 and the holotype of C. aequatorialis Moser, 1918 . Thereafter, Smith (2008) proposed the synonymy of Paulosawaya with Clavipalpus based on the study of P. ornatissima (type species of Paulosawaya) and Clavipalpus spp. Clavipalpus ursinus, C. aequatorialis and P. ornatissima evidently belong to the same genus as stated by Smith (2008), but the problem is that the type material of the type species of the genus Clavipalpus ( C. dejeani) was not examined by these studies (Katovich 2008; Smith 2008).

The present study designates a lectotype for Clavipalpus dejeani and Amphicrania ursinus, revalidates Paulosawaya (type species: P. ornatissima, Fig. 22 A–B), and proposes the synonymy of Amphicrania Burmeister and Pseudoleuretra (type species: P. bokermanni, Fig. 22 C–D) with Paulosawaya . Amphicrania Burmeister is a senior synonym of Paulosawaya, but it is a junior homonym of Amphicrania Dejean (a synonym of Liogenys according to Erichson 1848) and may not be used as a valid name (ICZN 1999: Articles 23.3.5. and 52.2).

Paulosawaya now comprises 17 species and one subspecies: P. aequatorialis (Moser, 1918) comb. nov., P. antisanae (Bates, 1891) comb. nov., P. basalis (Moser, 1918) comb. nov., P. blanchardi (Kirsch, 1885) comb. nov., P. bokermanni (Martínez & d’Andretta, 1956) comb. nov., P. castanea (Moser, 1924) comb. nov., P. cochleata (Burmeister, 1855) comb. nov., P. hirsuta (Kirsch, 1885) comb. nov., P. ornatissima Martínez & d’Andretta, 1956, P. peruana (Moser, 1918) comb. nov., P. rimbachi (Moser, 1924) comb. nov., P. sinuatus (Kirsch, 1885) comb. nov., P. spadicea (Burmeister, 1855) comb. nov., P. ursina (Blanchard, 1850) comb. nov., P. variolosa (Burmeister, 1855) comb. nov., P. vestita (Moser, 1924) comb. nov., P. whymperi chimborazonus (Bates, 1891) comb. nov. and P. whymperi whymperi (Bates, 1891) comb. nov.

The present study revalidates Paulosawaya, formerly a synonym of Clavipalpus, based on the following characters (opposition to Clavipalpus): clypeus broad and semicircular or truncated (narrow and trapezoid); clypeal posterior angle not extended over the canthus (partially covering the canthus); maxillary palpus long (Fig. 6 D) (short, Fig. 6 B), palpomere IV distinctly enlongate (Fig. 6 D) (enlarged, Fig. 6 B); meso- and metatibiae each with a raised transverse carina (carina distinct by large punctation). Paulosawaya usually includes large specimens (over 12 mm), that are reddish-brown, with long setae and occuring in northern Brazil, Guyana, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, and Clavipalpus includes medium-sized specimens (about 9 mm), yellowish-brown, with short setae and occuring in Brazil.