Key to the species of the S. metallicus - group

(S= sternum; T= tergum)

1 Brachypterous .....................................................................................................................2

- Macropterous ......................................................................................................................6

2 Brownish .............................................................................................................................3

- Black, elytra with reddish spots...........................................................................................4

3 Punctation of elytra distinctly defined (fig. 306). ♂: E (fig. 310). ♀: S8 (fig. 313.). 3.6- 5.0mm (FB 1.9-2.1mm). Costa Rica ......................................................... S. electrus PUTHZ

- Punctation of elytra rugose/confluent (fig. 307). ♂: E (fig. 308). ♀: S8 (fig. 322). 3.5- 4.2mm (FB 1.9-2.1mm). Costa Rica ............................................ S. cerromuertanus PUTHZ

4 Punctation of elytra strongly confluent (fig. 38). EW: EL<1,1mm). ♂: E (figs 312). ♀: S8 (about as in fig. 294). 4.0-5.2mm (FB 2.3-2.4mm). Bolivia ............................................. .......................................................................................................... S. vermiculifer nov.sp.

- Punctation of elytra distinctly defined.................................................................................5

5 Elytra shorter: EW: EL  1.41, punctation of frons denser, interstices on lateral portions smaller than diameter of punctures. Elytral spot shorter, less long than antennal segments 9-11 combined. ♂: E (fig 186, 192). ♀: S8 (fig. 278). 3.8-5.0mm (FB 1.0- 2.0mm). Ecuador .............................................................................. S. clunispicatus PUTHZ

- Elytra longer: EW: EL <1.20, punctation of frons less dense, interstices on lateral portions often larger than diameter of punctures. Elytral spot longer, at least as long as antennal segments 9-10 combined. ♂: unknown. ♀: S8 (fig. 298). 4.5-4.5mm (FB 2.3mm). Colombia .......................................................................... S. simpliciclunis PUTHZ

6 Brownish. ♂: E (fig. 309). ♀: S8 (fig. 323). 4.0-5.0mm (FB 2.0-2.2mm). Costa Rica; Panama ..................................................................................................... S. fuscatus PUTHZ

- Black, elytra with OR without elytra spots..........................................................................7

7 Elytra uniformely black.......................................................................................................8

- Elytra with reddish/orange spots. (In the following species the elytral spot may become more or less obsolete: S. clavalipenis nov.sp., S. cibdelos nov.sp., S.multispinus nov.sp.)..............................................................................................................................19

8 Larger, FB ≥2.4mm.............................................................................................................9

- Smaller, FB <2.3mm .........................................................................................................13

9 Abdominal punctation coarse and extremely dense, interstices on T7 smaller than half diameter of punctures (e. g. fig. 129) ................................................................................10

- Abdominal punctation less coarse and less dense, interstices on T7 larger than half diameter of punctures (fig. 119) ........................................................................................11

10 ♂: Metasternum (fig. 155), S8 (figs 140, 141), E (fig. 225). ♀: S8 (fig. 297). 5.0- 5.5mm (FB 2.6-2.7mm). Panama; Costa Rica ................................... S. punctiventris SHARP

- ♂: Metasternum (fig. 156), E (fig. 226). ♀: S8 (as in fig. 297). 5.0-6.0mm (FB 2.8mm). Guatemala; Mexico; Honduras ................................................... S. repletus SHARP

11 Black with aeneous lustre, metatibiae bicolorous. ♂: E (fig. 210). ♀: S8 (fig. 288). 4.7- 5.7mm (FB 2.5-2.6mm). Mexico ...................................................... S. metallicoides PUTHZ

- Black without metallic lustre, metatibiae unicolourous.....................................................12

12 Legs reddish brown. ♂: E (figs 184, 193). ♀: S8 (fig. 280). 4.7-5.5mm (FB 2.5- 2.6mm). Panama; Costa Rica .................................................................. S. corrosus SHARP

- Legs black. ♂: Unknown. ♀: S8 (fig. 290). 4.8-5.3mm (FB 2.6mm). Guatemala ................ ............................................................................................................. S. nigrivestis nov.sp.

13 Punctation of elytra very dense but mostly distinctly definined........................................14

- Punctation of elytra confluent/rugose................................................................................16

14 Punctation of posterior tergites finer and sparser, interstices on T7 larger, twice and more as large as punctures (fig. 104). ♂: E (figs 175, 176, 190). ♀: Unknown. 3.8- 4.3mm (FB 2.2mm). Costa Rica ......................................................... S. bierigianus nov.sp.

- Punctation of posterior tergites less fine and less sparse, interstices on T7 distinctly less large (figs 119, 124) ..........................................................................................................15

15 Abdominal punctation denser, interstices on lateral half of tergite 5 smaller than half diameter of punctures; T7 (fig. 119). ♂: E (figs 205, 211). ♀: S8 (fig. 314). 4.0-4.7mm (FB 2.1-2.3mm). Venezuela; Panama .............................................. S. metallicus ERICHSON

- Abdominal punctation less dense, interstices on lateral portion of tergite 5 about as large as punctures, T7 (fig. 124). ♂: E (figs 215, 216). ♀: S8 (fig. 292). 3.3-3.7mm (FB 2.1mm). Ecuador ..................................................................... S. paucidentatus nov.sp.

16 Smaller, FB ≤2.2mm. Median portion of frons impunctate or sparsely punctate. Sculpture of elytra very coarse and irregular (figs 61, 62) ................................................17

- Larger, FB 2.2mm. Median portion of frons densely punctate. Elytra (fig. 304). E (figs 187, 196, 197). ♀: Unknown. 4.3-5.0mm. Guatemala ......................... S. illevigatus nov.sp.

17 Punctation of frons coarser, punctures about as large as median cross section of antennal segment 2. Sculpture of elytra coarser (figs 61, 62). ♂: Apical notch of S8 deeper, occupying about posterior half, E (figs 235-237, 248-251). ♀: S8 (fig. 302). 3.5-4.5mm (FB 2.0-2.2mm). Costa Rica; Panama ................................ S. trifidus L. BENICK

- Punctation of frons less coarse, punctures smaller than median cross section of antennal segment 2. Sculpture of elytra less coarse. ♂: Apical notch of S8 less deep.....................18

18 Punctation of forebody less coarse, denser (figs 56, 70). ♂: E (figs 206, 212), median lobe with few larger denticles. ♀: S8 (fig. 289). 3.0-4.0mm (FB 1.7-1.8mm). Panama; Costa Rica ........................................................................................... S. mucronatus SHARP

- Punctation of forebody coarser and less dense (figs 49, 69). ♂: E (fig. 199), median lobe without larger denticles. ♀: S8 (about as in fig. 300). 3.5-4.0mm (FB 2.0-2.1mm). Peru .................................................................................................................... inka PUTHZ

19 Each elytron with two spots (the lateral spot extending to epipleurae) OR with one large spot extending laterally to epipleurae................................................................................20 Each elytron with only one elytral spot dorsally ...............................................................31

20 Larger: FB>3.2mm ..........................................................................................................21

- Smaller, FB <2.7mm .........................................................................................................22

21 Dorsal elytral spot larger, sculpture distinctly confluent (fig. 28). ♂: Trochanter (fig. 99), E (fig. 221), apical portion of median lobe asymmetrical. S8 (fig. 293). 6.5-7.5mm (FB 3.5mm). Peru; Bolivia; Ecuador; Colombia; Venezuela ............. S. perpulcher SOLSKY

- Dorsal elytral spot less large, sculpture scarcely confluent (fig. 21). ♂: Trochanter (fig. 103), E (fig. 194), median lobe bilateral symmetrical. 5.3-6.8mm (FB 3.3-3.4mm). Colombia; Ecuador ................................................................................. S. falcatipes PUTHZ

22 Head broader: HW: EW 0.80-085 .....................................................................................23

- Head less broad: HW: EW ≥0.90 ......................................................................................25

23 Punctation of T7 coarser and denser (fig. 138), elytral spot larger (fig. 38). ♂: E (fig. 243, 312). ♀: S8 (about as in fig. 294). 4.0-5.2mm (FB 2.3-2.4mm). Bolivia ...................... .......................................................................................................... S. vermiculifer nov.sp.

- Punctation of T7 less coarse and less dense (fig. 127), elytral spot less large (e. g. fig. 52) .....................................................................................................................................24

24 Elytra broader: EW: EL  1.06 (fig. 52). ♂: E (figs 222, 233). ♀: S8 (fig. 294). 4.3- 5.3mm (FB 2.4-2.5mm). Colombia .................................................. S. perscabratus nov.sp.

- Elytra less broad: EW: EL  1.11 (fig. 19). ♂: Unknown. ♀: S8 (fig. 279). 4.0-4.8mm (FB 2.2-2.3mm). Bolivia ................................................................... S. duplicigutta nov.sp.

25 Elytral sculpture less coarse (fig. 23). ♂: E (fig. 204). ♀: S8: posterior margin broadly rounded. 4.3-5.3mm (FB 2.4-2.5mm). Ecuador ........................................... S. kapac PUTHZ

- Elytral sculpture coarser ....................................................................................................26

26 Dorsal and lateral elytral spots separate ............................................................................27

- Dorsal and lateral elytral spots confusing............................................................................8

27 ♂: E (figs 247, 269). ♀: S8 (fig. 319). 4.5-5.5mm (FB 2.5-2.6mm). Colombia; Venezuela; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia .............................................. S. vermicularis L. BENICK

- ♂: E (figs 258, 271). ♀: S8 (about as in fig. 279). 4.5-5.3mm (FB 2.2-2.4mm). Ecuador …………………………………………………………………… S. vermivestis nov. sp

28 Punctation of T7 coarser and denser, interstices at most twice as large as punctures........29

- Punctation of T7 less coarse and less dense, interstices larger than twice as large as punctures ...........................................................................................................................30

29 Elytra shorter and more rugosely sculptured (fig. 27). ♂: E (figs 170, 220, 232). ♀: Unknown. 4.0-4.8mm (FB 2.4mm). Colombia ............................................ S. pecki nov.sp.

- Elytra longer and less rugosely sculptured (fig. 25). ♂: E (fig. 229). ♀: Unknown. 4.7- 5.2mm (FB 2.6mm). Bolivia ....................................................................... S. nepos nov.sp.

30 Punctures on elytral spot distinctly delimited (fig. 40). ♂: E (figs 238, 239, 259, 272). ♀: S8 (fig. 299). 4.5-5.6mm (FB 2.5-2.6mm). Peru; Ecuador .................... S. villac nov.sp.

- Punctures on elytral spot strongly confluent (fig. 39). ♂: E (figs 257, 270). ♀: Unknown. 4.6-5.2mm (FB 2.5mm). Colombia ................................. S. vermipennis nov.sp.

31 Abdominal tergites 3-6 reticulate ......................................................................................32

- Abdominal tergites 3-6 not reticulate ................................................................................41

32 Abdominal punctation denser (e. g. figs. 111, 123)...........................................................33 Abdominal punctation less dense (e. g. figs 133-136).......................................................36

33 Punctures of elytra distinctly delimited.............................................................................34

- Elytral sculpture in lateral half strongly rugose (fig. 26), spot coarsely and densely punctate. ♂: E (figs 230, 231). ♀: S8 (fig. 291). 4.5-5.2mm (FB 2.3-2.5mm). Venezuela …………………................................................................................. S. notipennis FAUVEL

34 Head smaller, HW: EW ≤0.85………………………………………….……………..35

- Head broader, HW: EW>0.85. ♂: E (fig. 311). ♀: T8 at posterior margin shallowly emarginate, S8 (fig. 282). 4.4-5.4mm (FB 2.3-2.4mm). Venezuela, Colombia ..................... ............................................................................................................ S. fenestralis FAUVEL

35 ♂: E (fig. 260). ♀: T8 at posterior margin truncate-trapezoidal, S8 (fig. 315). 4.5- 5.3mm (FB 2.2-2.3mm). Colombia ....................................................... S. ventridens PUTHZ

- ♂: E (figs 227, 252). ♀: T8 at posterior margin broadly rounded, S8 (fig. 301). 3.8- 4.3mm (FB 2.1mm). Peru ................................................................ S. spicativentris nov.sp.

36 Punctures of elytra distinctly delimited.............................................................................37

- Punctures at/near elytral spot ± confluent .........................................................................38

37 Larger: 4.5-4.5mm (FB 2.3-2.5mm). S9 acute apicolaterally. ♂: E (fig. 174). ♀: S8 (fig. 273). Ecuador ................................................................................. S. apicidens PUTHZ

- Smaller: 3.5-4.2mm (FB 2.1-2.2mm). S9 serrate apicolaterally. ♂: E (figs 244, 254). ♀ unknown. Peru ................................................................................... S. unctitogatus nov.sp.

38 Elytral spot in dorsal aspect extending to the lateral margin of elytra, punctures in lateral half scarcely rugose (fig. 30), spot moderately finely and sparsely punctate. ♂: E (figs 217, 218, 234). ♀: Unknown. 4.0-4.5mm (FB 2.2mm). Peru ........ rimac nov.sp.

- Elytral spot in dorsal aspect not extending to the lateral margin of elytra .........................39

39 Elytral spot with a distinct rosetta (fig. 34). ♂: E (figs 256, 267). ♀: S8 (fig. 321). 4.5- 5.5mm (FB 2.4- 2,5mm). Ecuador ..................................................... S. unctivestitus nov.sp.

- Elytral spot without a rosetta.............................................................................................40

40 Smaller: 3.6-4.2mm (FB 1.9-2.0mm). Elytra (fig. 35). ♂: E (figs 246, 268). ♀: S8 (fig. 316). Colombia ........................................................................................... S. unctus nov.sp.

- Larger: 4.0-5.0mm (FB 2.3-2.5mm). Elytra (fig. 33). ♂: E (figs 245, 255). ♀: S8 (fig. 320). Ecuador ....................................................................................... S. unctivestis nov.sp.

41 Sternum 9 acute apicolaterally (e. g. figs 8, 12) ................................................................42

- Sternum 9 serrate apicolaterally (e. g. figs 4-6, 11)...........................................................52

42 Abdominal punctation denser (e. g. figs 110, 115)............................................................43

- Abdominal punctation less dense (e. g. figs 113, 117) ......................................................50

43 Elytral punctures predominantly distinctly delimited........................................................44

- Elytral punctures predominantly coalescent......................................................................45

44 Median portion of frons flat; punctures on pronotal disc distinctly delimited...................47

- Median portion of frons distinctly elevated; punctures on pronotal disc coalescent. ♂: E (figs 228, 317). S8 (fig. 277). 3.7-4.5mm (FB 2.0-2.1mm) Colombia; Venezuela; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia ................................................................... S. perrugosu s L. BENICK

45 Larger: 4.0-4.5mm (FB 2.0-2.3mm). ♂: E (fig. 203). ♀: T8 shallowly emarginate at posterior margin, S8 (fig. 286). Ecuador ................................................... S. jessicae PUTHZ

- Smaller: 3.5-4.2mm (FB 1.8-2.0mm). ♂: E (fig. 223). ♀: T8 prolonged apically, S8 (fig. 295). Ecuador .................................................................................. S. proetzeli PUTHZ

46 Punctation of T7 denser, interstices smaller than punctures (fig. 110) ..............................47

- Punctation of T7 less dense, interstices partly as large as punctures .................................48

47 Sculpture of elytra more rugose (fig. 20). ♂: E (fig. 171, 330). ♀: S8 (fig. 281). 4.0- 4.5mm (FB2.1-2.2mm). Argentina ........................................................... S. elephas nov.sp.

- Sculpture of elytra less rugose (fig. 22). ♂: E (fig. 172). ♀: S8 (fig. 209). 3.8-4.3mm (FB 2.0-2.1mm). Bolivia ...................................................................... S. intralituus nov.sp.

48 Head smaller (HW: EW>0.90). ♂: E (figs 253, 261), median lobe with some larger denticles. ♀: Unknown. 3.6-3.8mm (FB 2.0mm). Venezuela; Colombia ............................. ............................................................................................................. S. solidus L. BENICK

- Head broader (HW: EW ≤0.85..........................................................................................49

49 Punctation of the forebody denser (elytra fig. 59), elytral spot distinct. ♂: E (figs 214, 224). ♀: S8 (fig. 296). 3.5-4.2mm (FB 2.1mm). Colombia; Venezuela ............................... ........................................................................................................... S. pseudogutta PUTHZ

- Punctation of the forebody less dense (figs 49, 69), elytral spot scarcely distinct. ♂: E (fig. 199), median lobe without larger denticles. 3.5-4.0mm (FB2.0-2.1mm). Peru .............. ....................................................................................................................... S. inka PUTHZ

50 Smaller. Abdominal punctation fine and sparse, interstices on T7 three times and more as large as punctures (fig. 126). ♂: E (figs 200, 201). ♀ unknown. 3.5mm (FB 1.9mm). Ecuador ................................................................................................. S. pectinifer nov.sp. Larger. Abdominal punctation less fine and denser, interstices on T7 about as large or slightly larger than diameter of punctures .........................................................................51

51 Head smaller (HW: EW  0.86), elytral spot larger (fig. 48). ♂: E (figs 191, 195, 208). ♀: S8 (fig. 285). 4.0-4.7mm (FB 2.1mm). Peru ............................... S. huakamayok nov.sp.

- Head broader (HW: EW  0.82), elytral spot smaller (fig. 47).♂: E (figs 185, 198). ♀: S8 (fig. 284). 3.8-4.5mm (FB 2.0mm). Peru .................................... S. garavitoensis PUTHZ

52 Larger, FB 2.4-2.6mm. Elytra (fig. 53). ♂: E (figs 240-242, 262-266). ♀: S8 (fig. 300). 4.5-5.7mm. Ecuador; Colombia; Bolivia; Costa Rica ...................... S. simplicigutta nov.sp.

- Smaller, FB ≤2.2mm .........................................................................................................53

53 Abdominal punctation sparser, interstices on T7 distinctly larger than punctures.............55

- Abdominal punctation denser, interstices on T7 as large as or smaller than punctures .....54

54 Interstices on T7 smaller. Elytra (fig. 44). ♂: E (figs 180, 188, 189). ♀: S8 (about as in fig. 298). 3.8-4.5mm (FB 2.0mm). Colombia .......................................... S. clavifer nov.sp.

- Interstices on T7 about as large as punctures. Elytra (fig. 50). ♂: E (fig. 202). ♀: S8 (about as in fig. 287). 3.8-4.3mm (FB 2.0-2.1mm). Ecuador .......... S. multiclavatus nov.sp.

55 Punctures of elytra distinctly delimited (fig. 46). ♂ unknown. ♀: S8 (fig. 283). 4.0mm (FB 2.2mm). Ecuador ........................................................................ S. fenestrulifer nov.sp.

- Punctures of elytra at least around/or at elytral spot coalescent .......................................56

56 Head smaller: HW: EW  0.80...........................................................................................57

- Head broader: HW: EW ≥0.83 ..........................................................................................58

57 Elytral spot in dorsal aspect extending to the lateral margin of elytra (fig. 58). ♂: E (fig. 318). ♀: S8 (fig. 287). 3.6-4.0mm (FB 2.0-2.2mm). Colombia; Venezuela .................. .................................................................................................... S. lateralis MOTSCHULSKY

- Elytral spot in dorsal aspect not extending to the lateral margin of elytra (fig. 59). ♂: E (figs 214, 224). ♀: S8 (fig. 296). 3.5-4.2mm (FB 2.1mm). Colombia; Venezuela ................ ........................................................................................................... S. pseudogutta PUTHZ

58 Elytra broader (EW: EL 1.11-1.17) ...................................................................................59

- Elytra less broad (EW: EL 1.05-1.09) ...............................................................................60

59 Elytral spot larger (fig. 42). ♂ unknown. ♀: S8 (fig. 275). 4.0-4.5mm (FB 2.1mm). Bolivia ................................................................................................... S. clarigutta nov.sp.

- Elytral spot less large (fig. 43). ♂: E (figs 178, 179, 183). ♀: S8 (fig. 276). 4.0-5.0mm (FB 1.9-2.1mm). Ecuador .................................................................. S. clavalipenis nov.sp.

60 Frons broader (HW: DE 1.76), lateral portions oblique, interstices very narrow (fig. 64). ♂: Metatibiae carinate (fig. 74), E (figs 168, 181). ♀ unknown. 4.1-4.8mm (FB 2.3mm). Mexico ..................................................................................... S. carinipes nov.sp.

- Frons less broad (HW: DE 1.82), lateral portions distinctly convex, less densely punctate, interstices at places as large as half diameter of punctures (fig. 66). ♂: Metatibiae simple .............................................................................................................61

61 ♂: E (figs 169, 177, 182). ♀: S8 (fig. 274). 3.5-4.6mm (FB 2.0-2.1mm). Ecuador .............. ................................................................................................................ S. cibdelos nov.sp.

- ♂: E (figs 207, 213). ♀ unknown. 3.5-4.0mm (FB 2.0 mm). Ecuador ................................. ........................................................................................................... S. multispinus nov.sp.