Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842)

(Figs 12, 17B)

= Fulgora spinolae — Westwood 1842: 188 [original description]; Butler 1874: 98 [listed, recorded from Silhet (= Sylhet, Bangladesh]; Atkinson 1885: 129 [described]; Schmidt 1905: 351 [listed]; Lallemand 1963: 76 [keyed, described].

= Hotinus spinolae — Walker 1851: 266 [transferred to Hotinus Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843]; Annandale 1901:867 [not-ed].

= Hotinus nigrirostris —Walker 1858: 28 [described, compared to H. viridirostris (Westwood, 1848)].

= Laternaria nigrirostris — Metcalf 1947: 201 [transferred to Laternaria Linnaeus, 1764, catalogued].

= Laternaria spinolae — Metcalf 1947: 205 [catalogued].

= Pyrops spinolae — Jacobi 1905: 435 [transferred to Pyrops Spinola, 1839, listed]; Nagai & Porion 1996: 25 [listed], pl. 12, figs 171, 173 [dorsal illustrated]; Constant et al. 2016: 11 [listed], fig. 3 [live specimen]; Jiaranaisakul & Constant 2021: 14 [listed, notes on plant association], fig. 2 [live speciemen]; Constant & Pham 2022: 138 [keyed, listed], fig. 15 [habitus illustrated].

Diagnosis. (1) cephalic process black, slender and long (Fig. 12C–D); (2) tegmina dark green with yellow to orange spots forming transverse bands (Fig. 12A); (3) posterior wings yellow to yellow orange on disc (Fig. 12A; (4) abdomen yellow brown (Fig. 12A–B).

Mesurements and ratio. TL: ♁ (n = 3): 38.1 mm (36.4–39.6 mm); ♀ (n = 2): 42.9 mm (41.7–44.2 mm); TL+process: ♁ (n = 3): 55.3 mm (53–58 mm); ♀ (n = 2): 60.8 mm (59.2–62.3 mm); LTg/BTg = 2.84; BF/BPrH = 2.29; LPr/LF = 3.48; LPr/BPrH = 9.48.

Material examined. 1♁: Ratchaburi Province, Suan Phueng District, 13°32’20.2”N 99°12’10.3”E, 950 m. a.s.l., 23.III.2020, K. Jiaranaisakul leg., KJ02-00107 (RBMF); 1 ♁: Chanthaburi Province, Soi Dao District, 20.VII.2020, K. Jiaranaisakul leg., KJ02-00143 (RBMF); 1♁, 1♀ : Chanthaburi Province, Soi Dao District, 360 m. a.s.l., 10.VII.2022, K. Jiaranaisakul leg., KJ02-00308—KJ02-00309 (RBMF); 1♀ : Ratchaburi Province, Suan Phueng District, 14.VII.2022, P. Pawangkhanant & A. Aksornneam leg., KJ02-00310 (RBMF) .

Material examined from iNaturalist.

Chanthaburi Province: Pong Nam Ron Dist., 12°56’00.0”N 102°13’00.0”E, 2 specimens: 1 ex., 23.IV.2016, ian_ dugdale; 1 ex., 24.V.2022, petereric; Soi Dao Dist., 13°06’00.0”N 102°11’00.0”E, 4 specimens: 4 ex., 10.VII.2023, k_jiaranaisakul .

Chiang Mai Province: Chiang Dao Dist., 19°24’00.0”N 98°55’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 24.IX.2015, lesday; Chom Thong Dist., 18°32’00.0”N 98°31’00.0”E, 4 specimens: 1 ex., 11.VI.2023, mayoh; 1 ex., 1 ex., 15.VI.2023, k_jiaranaisakul; 1 ex., 9.VII.2023, goong2; 1 ex., 12.VIII.2023, goong2.

Chiang Rai Province: Wiang Pa Pao Dist., 19°08’00.0”N 99°29’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 23.V.2022, k_jiaranaisakul .

Kanchanaburi Province: Mueang Kanchanaburi Dist., 14°08’00.0”N 99°15’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 8.XII.2022, lee404; Si Sawat Dist., 14°21’00.0”N 99°08’00.0”E, 6 specimens: 1 ex., 19.VIII.2012, k_jiaranaisakul; 1 ex., 3.V.2015, bemcola; 1 ex., 9.VI.2018, patta-v; 1 ex., 4.XI.2018; akkharadetp; 1 ex., 18.VI.2023, andaman; 1 ex., 18.VI.2023, patta-v.

Khon Kaen Province: Kranuan Dist., 16°53’00.0”N 103°05’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 12.VII.2023, dennisfarrell .

Krabi Province: Khao Phanom District., 8°15’00.0”N 98°58’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 15.XI.2012, lesday; Khlong Thom Dist., 7°55’00.0”N 99°15’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 29.VI.2014, atiwatboonrit; Mueang Krabi Dist., 8°14’00.0”N 98°54’00.0”E, 2 specimens: 1 ex., 25.IX.2016, davidk91; 1 ex., 21.IV.2017, phantom85 .

Lopburi Province: Lam Sonthi Dist., 15°35’00.0”N 101°21’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 25.VI.2011, k_jiaranaisakul .

Nakhon Si Thammarat Province: Lan Saka Dist., 8°27’00.0”N 99°44’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 12.I.2022, luluchouette; Nopphitam Dist., 8°43’00.0”N 99°40’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 1.VIII.2023, atcharee .

Phang Nga Province: Kapong Dist., 8°43’00.0”N 98°29’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 18.VI.2020, andaman.

Phetchaburi Province: Kaeng Krachan Dist., 12°47’00.0”N 99°27’00.0”E, 30 specimens: 1 ex., 12.II.2009, myerssusan; 1 ex., 12.IV.2018, ian_dugdale; 1 ex., 27.IV.2019, plains-wanderer; 2 ex., 18.XI.2019, dirkm; 1 ex., 7.XII.2019, bosphorus; 1 ex., 21.V.2022, kritadi; 1 ex., 21.V.2022, biom; 1 ex., 28.V.2022, daviddiller1; 1 ex., 3.VI.2022, johnwitton; 1 ex., 11.VI.2022, peachies9; 1 ex., 12.VI.2022, doobird; 1 ex., 12.VI.2022, doobird; 1 ex., 25.VII.2022, gaell; 2 ex., 8.X.2022, muangpaisuetrong; 2 ex., 8.X.2022, songkranth; 1 ex., 20.X.2022, plains-wanderer; 1 ex., 31.X.2022, plains-wanderer; 1 ex., 2.XI.2022, utain; 2 ex., 16.V.2023, kt_ton; 1 ex., 25.V.2023, wildcreatures; 1 ex., 26.V.2023, wildcreatures; 1 ex., 4.VI.2023, setaphong; 1 ex., 4.VI.2023, psychoyogi; 1 ex., 9.VI.2023, pkoning; 1 ex., 17.VI.2023, benjamynweil; 1 ex., 18.VI.2023, hamalamanus.

Prachuap Khiri Khan Province: Hua Hin Dist., 12°32’00.0”N 99°27’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 1.VI.2023, xiphorax; Sam Roi Yot Dist., 12°13’00.0”N 99°58’00.0”E, 3 specimens: 2 ex., 6.II.2019, tewa; 1 ex., 14.VIII.2023, timatkov .

Ratchaburi Province: Suan Phueng Dist., 13°35’00.0”N 99°13’00.0”E, 8 specimens: 2 ex., 5.IX.2017, k_jiaranaisakul; 1 ex., 28.V.2021, k_jiaranaisakul; 2 ex., 10.VIII.2021, k_jiaranaisakul; 1 ex., 10.IV.2022, k_jiaranaisakul; 1 ex., 14.V.2022, k_jiaranaisakul; 1 ex., 4.II.2023, k_jiaranaisakul.

Satun Province: Khuan Don Dist., 6°42’00.0”N 100°10’00.0”E, 2 specimens: 1 ex., 23.VII.2015, k_jiaranaisakul; 1 ex., 13.V.2023, jmatthys.

Songkhla Province: Hat Yai Dist., 7°02’00.0”N 100°30’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 28.IV.2023, rueangritp .

Surat Thani Province: Phanom Dist., 8°54’00.0”N 98°31’00.0”E, 8 specimens: 2 ex., 23.III.2015, lungchris; 1 ex., 6.VII.2020, sandeep; 2 ex., 21.III.2021, setaphong; 1 ex., 28.III.2021, k_jiaranaisakul; 2 ex., 9.XII.2022, hejor1.

Uthai Thani Province: Lan Sak Dist., 15°26’00.0”N 99°21’00.0”E, 3 specimens: 1 ex., 14.XI.2015, seasav; 1 ex., 2.VI.2022, athiwu; 1 ex., 6.VII.2023, bunyarin.

Uttaradit Province: Nam Pat Dist., 17°44’00.0”N 100°59’00.0”E, 1 specimen: 1 ex., 3.IX.2023, ziwkun .

Distribution. Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular), Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Notes. The species is widely distributed across Thailand with four intraspecific colour variations (Jiaranaisakul et. al., 2023). Pometia pinnata Forst. ( Sapindaceae) was documented as a host plant (Jiaranaisakul & Constant, 2021); we also found specimens feeding on Ficus cf. racemose ( Moraceae) in Ratchaburi Province (new plant association).