Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus Laporte, 1840

Oxysternon silenus Laporte 1840: 82 (French Guiana - LECTOTYPE)

= Oxysternon aeneum Olsoufieff 1924: 118 (Brazil) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 29 (syn. nov.)

= Oxysternon sericeum Olsoufieff 1924: 117 (Bolivia) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 29 (syn. nov.)

= Oxysternon smaragdinum Olsoufieff 1924: 117 (Ecuador, Peru) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 29 (syn. nov.)

= Oxysternon zikani Pereira 1943: 109 (Brazil) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 29 (syn. nov.)

= Oxysternon zikani var. peruanus Pereira 1943: 114 (Peru) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 29 (syn. nov.)

= Oxysternon silenum chicheryi Arnaud 2001: 4 (Brazil (NA)) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 30 (syn. nov.)

= Oxysternon silenum dufouri Arnaud 2001: 2 (Peru) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 30 (syn. nov.)

= Oxysternon silenum jossi Arnaud 2001: 3 (Brazil) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 30 (syn. nov.)

= Oxysternon silenum zagurii Arnaud 2001: 3 (Brazil) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 30 (syn. nov.)

Distribution. Suriname: Arnaud 2002c: 73 (as O. silenus silenus); Larsen 2011: 99 (as O. aeneum); MHCN. French Guiana: Laporte 1840: 82; Olsoufieff 1924: 49, 118; Feer 2000: 32; Arnaud 2001: 2 (designation NEOTYPE Oxysternon silenus), 2002c: 73 (as O. silenus silenus); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 29 (designation LECTOTYPE Oxysternon silenus); Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 63; Brûlé et al. 2011a: 193, 2014: 183; Brûlé and Dalens 2012a annex 4: 18; Brûlé and Touroult 2013: 41; Boilly et al. 2016: 95 (as O. silenus silenus); MHCN; RMNH. “Guianas”: Gillet 1911b: 87; Olsoufieff 1924: 49, 118; Blackwelder 1944: 210. Brazil (NA): Gillet 1911b: 87; Olsoufieff 1924: 49, 50, 118 (as O. aeneum; as O. silenus); Pereira 1943: 109 (as O. zikani); Blackwelder 1944: 210 (as O. aeneum; as O. silenus); Martínez 1947b: 112 (as O. zikani; as O. zikani var. peruanus); Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194 (as O. (Oxysternon) silenum peruanum; as O. (Oxysternon) smaragdinum); Arnaud 2001: 3, 4 (as O. (Oxysternon) silenum chicheryi; as O. (Oxysternon) silenum jossi; as O. (Oxysternon) silenum zagurii) (NA), 2002c: 73, 74, 76, 78 (as O. silenus aeneum; as O. silenus chiceryi; as O. silenus jossi; as O. silenus silenus; as O. silenus zagurii; as O. silenus zikani); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 29 (NA); Gardner et al. 2008: table S1 (NA); Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 63; Pacheco and Vaz-de-Mello 2015: 2 (as O. silenus chicheryi) (NA). Venezuela (EO): Arnaud 2002c: 74, 76 (as O. silenus aeneum; as O. silenus smaragdinum) (EO); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 29 (EO); Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 63. “Amazon Basin”: Olsoufieff 1924: 49, 118. Other: Gillet 1911b: 87 (Bolivia); Olsoufieff 1924: 49, 117, 118 (Bolivia - as O. sericeum; Bolivia - as O. silenus; Ecuador, Peru - as O. smaragdinum); Balthasar 1941c: 351 (Ecuador, Peru - as O. smaragdinum); Pereira 1943: 109 (Peru - as O. zikani var. peruanus); Blackwelder 1944: 210 (Bolivia - as O. sericeum; Bolivia - as O. silenus; Ecuador - as O. smaragdinum; not mentioned - as O. zikani); Martínez 1947b: 112 (Peru - as O. zikani; Peru - as O. zikani var. peruanus); Arnaud 2001: 2 (Colombia, Peru - as O. (Oxysternon) silenum dufouri), 2002c: 74, 76, 77 (Peru - as O. silenus dufouri; Peru - as O. silenus peruanus; Bolivia - as O. silenus sericeum; Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru - as O. silenus smaragdinum; Peru - as O. silenus zikani); Medina et al. 2001: 140 (Colombia - as O. silenus; Colombia - as O. smaragdinum; Colombia - as O. sikani [sic]); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 29 (Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru); Noriega et al. 2007: 83 (Colombia); Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 63 (Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru).

Note 1. The neotype of Oxysternon silenus designated in Arnaud (2001: 2) was invalidated when type material used by Laporte was recovered and a lectotype was designated in Edmonds and Zídek (2004: 29).

Note 2. According to Edmonds and Zídek (2004: 34), the spelling of the name should be Oxysternon silenus, not O. silenum, because Silenus is a personal name (of the mythological assistant of Bacchus) and as such a noun in apposition to the generic name, and not to be declined.