Phileurus valgus (Olivier, 1789)

Scarabaeus valgus Olivier 1789: 43 (French Guiana)

= Phileurus castaneus Haldeman 1843: 304 (U.S.A.)

= Phileurus capra H. W. Bates 1889: 341 (Guatemala)

= Phileurus meridionalis Kolbe 1910: 352 (Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia)

= Phileurus valgus septentrionis Kolbe 1910: 352 (Cuba, U.S.A.)

= Phileurus valgus-antillarum Prell 1912b: 179 (Guadeloupe)

Distribution. Guyana: Erichson 1848: 561; Bodkin 1919: 215. Suriname: MHCN - NEW COUNTRY RECORD (Suriname, Marowijne, Babunsanti. 17-III-2005. A. J. Hielkema. On UV light at night.); RMNH. French Guiana: Olivier 1789: 43 (as Scarabaeus valgus); Endrödi 1978: 111; Brûlé et al. 2011b: 120, 2014: 182; Duranton 2011: 25; Ponchel 2011: 61; Dupuis 2016b: 111; RMNH. “Guianas”: Arrow 1937b: 89 (as P. castaneus var. septentrionis); Blackwelder 1944: 258. Brazil: H. W. Bates 1889: 341; Kolbe 1910: 352 (as P. meridionalis); Arrow 1937b: 89 (as P. castaneus var. meridionalis); Blackwelder 1944: 258 (as P. castaneus; as P. valgus); Endrödi 1978: 111 (as P. valgus meridionalis). Venezuela (EO): Arrow 1937b: 89 (as P. castaneus var. antillarum); Blackwelder 1944: 258; Endrödi 1978: 111, 1985a: 726; Kirmse and Ratcliffe 2019: 153 (EO). Other: Haldeman 1843: 304 (U.S.A. - as P. castaneus); H. W. Bates 1889: 341 (Guatemala - as P. capra; Brazil–Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, U.S.A., West Indies - as P. valgus); Kolbe 1910: 352 (Argentina, Bolivia - as P. meridionalis; Cuba, U.S.A. - as P. valgus septentrionis; Mexico, South America - as P. valgus valgus); Prell 1912b: 179 (Guadeloupe - as P. valgus-antillarum); Arrow 1937b: 89 (Guatemala, Mexico, U.S.A. - as P. castaneus; Guadeloupe - as P. castaneus var. capra; Paraguay - as P. castaneus var. meridionalis; Barbados - as P. castaneus var. septentrionis); Blackwelder 1944: 258 (Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay - as P. castaneus; Argentina, Barbados, Colombia, Cuba, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent - as P. valgus); Blackwelder 1957: 1402 (Cuba, U.S.A. - as P. valgus septentrionis); Endrödi 1978: 111 (Guadeloupe - as P. valgus antillarum; Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay - as P. valgus meridionalis; Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, U.S.A. - as P. valgus valgus), 1985a: 726 (Antilles - as P. valgus capra; Argentina–Colombia - as P. valgus meridionalis; Venezuela, Colombia–southern North America - as P. valgus valgus); Lachaume 1992: 53 (Antilles, Argentina–U.S.A.); Ratcliffe 2011: 127 (Argentina–U.S.A.); Ratcliffe and Cave 2015: 262 (Argentina–U.S.A., West Indies).

Note 1. The name Scarabaeus valgus is first used in Linnaeus (1758: 347) for a species now known as Phanaeus vindex MacLeay, 1819 (p. 133). Olivier (1789: 43) erroneously attributes the name to what is now known as Phileurus valgus Olivier, 1789 . For a more extensive explanation, see Ratcliffe and Cave (2015: 265).

Note 2. The distributions of the varieties of Phileurus valgus in the Coleopterorum Catalogus (Arrow 1937b: 89), which are presented under the specific name P. castaneus, do not agree with those in the original publications.