Decticus verrucivorus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Gryllus (Tettigonia) verrucivorus Linnaeus, 1758 . Systema Naturae per Regna tria naturae (10th ed.), Holmiae 1:431.

Locusta verrucivora: Fabricius, 1775 . Flensburgi et Lipsiae, in officina libraria Kortii 286; Tigny, 1802. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthoptères: 5:63; Lamarck, 1835. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres 4(2nd Ed.):440.

Decticus verrucivorus verrucivorus: Wesmaël, 1838 . Bull. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles. 5:591; Hebard, 1925. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 51:50; Miksic, 1967. Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. N.S. 6:97–124; Storozhenko. 1980. Taxonomy Ins. Soviet Far East, Vladivostok 10–19; Heller, 1988. Bioakustik der europäischen Laubheuschrecken. Ökol. Forsch. Anwend 1:90.

Tettigonia verrucivora Kirby, 1906 . A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera ( Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae) 2:213.

Gryllus (Tettigonia) rubicundus Goeze, 1778 . Entomologische Beyträge zu des Ritter Linné zwölften Ausgabe des Natursystems 2:95 (syn.).

Peltastes hastatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1839 . Bull. Soc. imp. natur. Moscau 12(3):112 (syn.).

Pterolepis radiata Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 . Nouv. mem. Soc. Imp. natur. Moscou 8:214, pl. 20 (syn.).

Decticus verrucivorus variety deliae Fritze, 1918 . Entom. Rundschau 35:12 (syn.).

Decticus verrucivorus insularis Baccetti, 1963 . Arch. bot. biogeogr. 39:229–235 (syn.).

Diagnosis. Medium-sized. Center of pronotal lateral lobe black. Tegmen brown with dark brown or black spots, gradually reducing, with rounded apex, slightly extending over abdominal apex; aspect ratio about 4.15 (Fig. 5a). Male subgenital plate with obtusely angular apical incision (Fig. 4l). Ovipositor not obviously crenulated at apex.

Redescription. Male. Stridulatory file with about 62–63 teeth (Fig. 6f). Hind femora armed with 3–5 small ventro-posterior spines. Tenth abdominal tergum with an approximate rectangular concavity in middle (Fig. 4g). Epiproct tongue-shaped, covered by tenth abdominal tergum, bent down at a angle of 90° at base. Cercus with an enlarged basal tooth in middle.

Female. Tegmen extending up to abdominal apex.

Measurement (mm). See Table 6 and Table 7.

Song. The calling song consisted of stereotyped chirps with a regular period (367.08±18.75 ms) and duration (182.68±4.74 ms) (Fig. 7 f–h). Each chirp was comprised of 5 syllable groups (Fig. 7h). The frequency ranges from 6 to 22 kHz, and the frequency of main peak is about 16.95 kHz and that of second peak is not significant (Fig. 7 i–j). The important parameters are listed (Tab. 3).

Material examined. (See Table 1 and Table 2).

Distribution. Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America (dispersed species in Palaearctic Region).