Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say, 1821)

This species is included as a parasite of cattle from northern Vietnam in Chien et al. (2016); however, it does not occur in surrounding countries (Chen et al. 2010; Lao PDR-Vongphayloth et al. 2016). The nearest populations are possibly those in southern India although these require confirmation (Ghosh et al. 2007). This should be investigated in more detail, as R. microplus found in Southeast Asia (Petney and Keirans 1996a) may represent a species group with new species awaiting identification (Burger et al. 2014). Alternatively, R. annulatus may have been introduced on cattle sometime in the past.