Key to 18 species of Caridina

1. Posterior margin of telson with stalked plumose processes (Fig. 6p) .........................................................2

- Posterior margin of telson without stalked plumose processes (Figs. 3n, 15n, 25l, 39j).......................... 13

2. Rostrum longer than second segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 11e)................................................... 3

- Rostrum equal to or shorter than second segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 36b, c), with 2–9 teeth on dorsal margin and teeth absent on ventral margin; uropod diaeresis with 20–22 spinules (Fig. 37n) ......... ............................................................................................................................. C. messofluminis sp. nov.

3. Rostrum equal to or shorter than middle of third antennular peduncle segment (Fig. 20c, d)....................4

- Rostrum equal to or longer than middle of third antennular peduncle segment (Fig. 11b)........................ 6

4. Uropod diaeresis spinules less than 12 ....................................................................................................... 5

- Uropod diaeresis spinules 15. Teeth on the dorsal margin of rostrum arranged proximally leaving distal part unarmed, with 1 post-orbital tooth (Fig. 7b); dactylus of the fifth pereiopod with 21 spines; endopod of first male pleopod 0.93 × exopod (Fig. 8g, h); appendix masculina 4.82 × appendix interna and 1.1 × endopod of second male pleopod (Fig. 8i, j) ............................. C. natalensis (Bouvier, 1925) comb. nov.

5. 5–9 spinules on dactylus of third pereiopod; 1–7 teeth arranged on ventral margin of rostrum, 55– 65 eggs, 0.45–0.55 × 0.27–0.35mm in size ............................................................................ C. sodenensis sp. nov.

- 9–14 spinules on dactylus of third pereiopod; 0–10 teeth arranged on ventral margin of rostrum, 15– 20 eggs, 1.2–1.3 × 0.7–0.9mm in size ................................................................. C. amnicolizambezi sp. nov.

6. Ventral rostral teeth arranged from proximal end (Fig. 18b, c) ...................................................................7

- Ventral rostral teeth arranged distally, below the unarmed dorsal margin (Fig. 11b)................................12

7. Teeth on ventral margin of rostrum always arranged to tip (Fig. 18b, c)....................................................8

- Teeth on ventral margin of rostrum not always arranged to tip (Fig. 5b–h, 26b, c)..................................10

8. Uropod diaeresis less than 13 spinules ....................................................................................................... 9

- Uropod diaeresis with 14–16 spinules; posterior margin of telson with 1 pair of lateral spines and 3 pairs of stalked plumose processes ........................................................................................ C. okiamnis sp. nov.

9. Posterior margin of telson with a pair of short lateral spines (Fig. 19n) and 3–4 pairs of stalked plumose

processes; 55– 60 eggs, 0.75–0.9 × 0.4–0.5mm in size ................................................. C. ebuneus sp. nov.

- Posterior margin of telson with a pair of long lateral spines (Fig. 31n, o) and 1–3 pairs/3 or 5 stalked plumose processes, 10– 15 eggs, 0.9–1.1 × 0.5–0.6mm in size .......................................... C. gaesumi sp. nov.

10. Dorsal rostral teeth always arranged up to tip (Fig. 26b, c).......................................................................11

- 14–30 dorsal rostral teeth arranged to tip or with a short unarmed distal gap; 2–12 ventral rostral teeth arranged up tip or with a short unarmed distal gap; tip of the rostrum always pointed (Figure 5 b-h); 45–86 spinules on dactylus of fifth pereiopod ......................................................... C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893

11. Rostrum equal to the end of antennular peduncle or shorter; 12–18 uropod diaeresis spinules; 12– 16 eggs; endopod of first female pleopod 0.7–0.9 × exopod ...................... C. roubaudi (Bouvier, 1925) comb. nov.

- Rostrum equal to or fractionally longer than antennal scale; 6–12 uropod diaeresis spinules; 20– 30 eggs; endopod of first female pleopod 0.5–0.6 × exopod .................................................. C. lineorostris sp. nov.

12. Stylocerite 0.9–1.1 × basal segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 11f); dactylus of fifth pereiopod with 65–80 spines; 17–21 uropod diaeresis spinules; endopod of first male pleopod 0.6–0.8 × exopod and with short appendix interna ......................................................................................................... C. evae sp. nov.

- Stylocerite 0.6–0.8 × basal segment of antennular peduncle (Fig. 16f); dactylus of fifth pereiopod with 20–40 spines; 4–8 uropod diaeresis spinules; endopod of first male pleopod 0.25–0.3 × exopod; appendix interna absent ............................................................................................................. C. ghanensis sp. nov.

13. Rostrum equal to, longer or shorter than antennal scale............................................................................14

- Rostrum never reaching the end of the antennal scale...............................................................................16

14. Teeth on dorsal margin of rostrum arranged beyond the point of proximal curvature of the ventral margin (Fig. 14b, c)................................................................................................................................................15

- Teeth on dorsal margin of rostrum arranged up to point of proximal curvature of ventral margin (Fig. 34b–d), tip of rostrum bifid or acute, unarmed dorsal distal margin of rostrum may be interrupted by a tooth; posterior margin of telson with inner spines equal in length to lateral spines C. umtatensis sp. nov.

15. Posterior margin of telson protruding beyond lateral spines and with no inner spines (Fig. 15n); no postorbital teeth on dorsal margin of rostrum .............................................................. C. belazoniensis sp. nov.

- Posterior margin of the telson not protruding beyond lateral spines, 1 pair of lateral spines, 2 or 3 pairs of inner spines (Fig. 1h, 3n); 3 or 4 post-orbital teeth present on dorsal margin of rostrum ............................. ........................................................................................................................... C. africana Kingsley, 1882

16. Inner spines on posterior margin of telson either equal to or shorter than lateral spines (Fig. 39j)..........17

- Inner spines on posterior margin of telson longer than lateral spines increasing in length towards the midline (Fig. 25l). Rostrum reaches first or second segment of antennular peduncle; dactylus of third pereiopod with 4 or 5 spines, uropod diaeresis with 13 or 14 spinules .............................. C. congoensis sp. nov.

17. Teeth on ventral margin of rostrum arranged distally below dorsal unarmed margin, dorsal unarmed margin not interrupted by teeth (Fig. 32b–d); dactylus of the fifth pereiopod with 50–60 spines; posterior margin of telson with 1 pair of lateral and 1–2 pairs of shorter inner spines almost equal in length, 75 eggs, 1.05–11 × 0.65–0.7 mm in size .............................................................................. C. susuroflabra sp. nov.

- Teeth on ventral margin of rostrum arranged from proximal end to tip and distal unarmed dorsal margin interrupted by a tooth (Fig. 38b); dactylus of fifth pereiopod with 32 spines; posterior margin of telson with 1 pair of lateral and 2 pairs of inner spines of unequal length; 55 eggs, 0.59 × 0.35 mm in size ........ ................................................................................................................................ C. malawensis sp. nov.