Cynopterus cf. brachyotis SUNDA. Pachysomabrachyotis Müller, 1838: 146 . DeweiRiver, central Kalimantan, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [63].

Cynopterusbrachyotis [23].

Cynopterus cf. brachyotis SUNDA [64]

Common English name: Sunda Short-nosed Fruit Bat

Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAA 9800 (20 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 2)

Remarks: Campbell et al. [64] reported two distinct species under C. brachyotis sensu lato with a mean divergence of 8.3% in mtDNA (combined control region and cytochrome b) between them. The two species are commonly annotated as C. cf. brachyotis SUNDA and C. cf. brachyotis FOREST (Fig 2). The SUNDA species is larger than the FOREST species with a longer forearm (> 64 mm) and is abundant in highly disturbed habitat (e.g. agricultural and suburban areas) but is absent in mature forests [11, 14, 64, 65].

It is unclear which species represents C. brachyotis sensu stricto despite the cryptic taxa being widely acknowledged (N Simmons, personal communication). Medway [23] recognised three subspecies of C. brachyotis in Peninsular Malaysia: (i) C. b. brachyotis found in lowlands and islands in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia, including Perak, and with a forearm length: 57–68 mm and an ear length: 14.5–18.5 mm; (ii) C. b. angulatus which intergrades with the nominal subspecies at the northern range and has a forearm length: 68–72 mm and an ear length: 18–22 mm; and (iii) C. b. altitudinus foundin the central highlands above 3, 000 ft from Gunung Brinchang, Pahang to Gunung Bunga Buah, Selangor, and with a forearm length: 60– 68 mm and an ear length: 18–21 mm. Athorough examination of all relevant types in this genus is required in order to correctly attribute currently existing Linnaean names.

IUCN status: As C. brachyotis: Least Concern

Recorded at: These records refer to C. brachyotis sensu lato, so may represent “SUNDA” or “FOREST”. Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41, 42], Pulau Tioman [23, 64], Merapoh [40],

Tasik Chini [43], Kuala Atok National Park [44], Gunung Brinchang [52], Lata Bujang Forest Reserve and Fraser Hill Forest Reserve [56], Cameron Highland [60], Kuala Lipis and Cherating [64]; Kedah: Pulau Langkawi [23], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57]; Pulau Pinang: Pulau Pinang [23]; Perak: Pulau Pangkor [23, 64], Temengor Forest Reserve [46, 47], Royal Belum State Park [48, 66], Bayor River-Rantau Panjang and Selama [49], Taping [64]; Terengganu: Pulau Redang [23], Pulau Perhentian [64]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gunung Reng, Gua Musang, and Lojing Highlands [62], Gunung Stong State Park [67]; Selangor: Ulu Gombak [5, 40, 52 – 54], Bukit Kemandul and Bukit Lanjan [40], Bangi Forest Reserve [41], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Gunung Bunga Buah [52], Air Hitam Forest Reserve [55], Sungai Dusun [64]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [50], Perlis State Park and Kangar [64]; Johor: Endau-Kluang Forest Reserve and Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [56]; Melaka: Melaka town [64].