Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823

Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823: 6; Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; BM(NH) 79.11.21.70, lectotype) [102].

Rhinolophus affinis superans Andersen, 1905: 104; Pahang, MALAYSIA (MNM, presenter; BM(NH) 1900.7.3.2) [147].

Common English name: Intermediate Horseshoe Bat

Barcode Index Number: BOLD:ACF0990 (8 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 5).

Remarks: DNA barcodes recorded as R. affinis are associated with five BINs, BOLD: AAA3811, BOLD:ACF0988, BOLD:ACF0989, BOLD:ACF0990, and BOLD:ACQ4437. DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia, Songkhla and Hala Bala (southern Thailand) comprise one BIN, BOLD:ACF0990 (Fig 5).

Nine subspecies are recognised by Simmons [98]: R. a. affinis (type locality: Java), R. a. andamanensis (type locality: South Andaman island), R. a. himalayanus (type locality: Mussoorie, Kumaon Division, northern India), R. a. tener (type locality: Pegu Division = Bago, Myanmar), R. a. macrurus (type locality: Taho, Karennee, Kyah State, Myanmar), R. a. nesite (type locality: Bunguran Island, north Natunas, Indonesia), R. a. princeps (type locality: Lombok, Lesser Sunda Island), R. a. hainanus (type locality: Pouten, Hainan Island), and R. a. superans (type locality: Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia). Morphology (i.e. craniodental and baculum) and molecular (i.e. COI and D-loop regions mtDNA) characteristics provide support that the taxon occurring in Peninsular Malaysia is R. a. superans [148].

IUCN status: Least Concern

Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [11, 41, 42], Pulau Tioman [23, 79], Merapoh [40], Tasik Chini [43], National Park [44], Tasik Bera Forest Reserve, Fraser Hill Forest

Reserve and Lata Bujang Forest Reserve [56], Cameron Highland [60], Kuala Atok, Bukit Ibam, Kemasul, Jengka, Klau Besar, Kenong and Gunung Aais [100]; Terengganu: Pasir Raja, Dungun [15], Pulau Redang [23], Tasik Kenyir [69], Bukit Dendong [97], Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve [101]; Perak: Lenggong [23], Bukit Jerneh Cave and Tumang Lembing Cave [30], Temengor Forest Reserve [46 – 48], Royal Belum State Park [66], Temenggor Lake [69], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [100, 101]; Selangor: Batu Caves [23], Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [51], Ulu Gombak [120]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [45], Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve [100, 101], Berembun Forest Reserve [101]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park, [50]; Johor: Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [56], Gunung Panti [100]; Kedah: Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [57, 100], Bukit Hijau [100]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [61], Gunung Reng and Gua Musang [62], Gunung Stong State Park [67], Gunung Stong State Park [100]; Melaka: Unspecified [68]; Pulau Pinang: Bukit Panchor [100].

R. affinis inhabits both primary and secondary forests, and roosts in limestone caves [11, 14, 23].