Chrysodema (Chrysodema) dohrnii Saunders, 1874 stat. rev.

(Figs 49–54, 82, 87)

Chrysodema Dohrnii Saunders (1874a): 308 (original description).

Chalcophora Dohrni [sic!]: Kerremans (1885): 126 (catalogue).

Chrysodema Dohrni [sic!]: Kerremans (1892): 38 (catalogue); Kerremans (1903): 74 (catalogue); Akiyama & Ohmomo (2000): Pl. 45, Figs 481-1, 481-2 (iconography).

Paracupta Dohrni: Kerremans (1892): 44 (catalogue, erroneous duplicate record); Kerremans (1900a): 286 (transfer to Chrysodema).

Chrysodema (Chrysodema) Dohrni [sic!]: Kerremans (1909): 515 (key), 532 (redescription); Obenberger (1926): 131 (catalogue).

Chrysodema (Chrysodema) dohrnii: Lander (2003): 36 (revision, as synonym of C. (C.) mniszechii, colour Fig. 62); Bellamy (2008): 530 (listed as synonym of C. (C.) mniszechii), 534 (catalogue, in synonymy C. (C.) mniszechii).

Chrysodema Fairmairei Kerremans (1895): 196 (original description); Kerremans (1900a): 286 (as synonym of C. Mniszechi [sic!]); Kerremans (1903): 74 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. Mniszechi [sic!]); Waterhouse (1905): 583 (as synonym of C. Dohrnii), syn. nov.

Chrysodema (Chrysodema) Fairmairei: Kerremans (1909): 532 (in synonymy of C. (C.) Dohrni [sic!]); Obenberger (1926): 131 (cata- logue, in synonymy of C. (C.) Dohrni [sic!]); Lander (2003): 36 (revision, as synonym of C. (C.) mniszechii); Bellamy (2008): 530 (listed as synonym of C. (C.) mniszechii), 534 (catalogue, in synonymy C. (C.) mniszechii).

Chrysodema mniszechii [misidentification]: Lander (2003): 78 (Figs 60–62).

Type localities. C. dohrnii: ‘Mindanao’ [Philippines, Mindanao Island]; C. fairmairei: ‘Iles Philippines’.

Type material examined. C. dohrnii: HOLOTYPE (by monotypy): ♀, ‘Mind= / =anao / 136 [w, h; round] // Dohrnii / Es. Type [w, h] // Saunders / 74-18 [w, p] // Type [r, p, circle]’ (BMNH). Specimen was provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ HOLOTYPE (by monopyty) / Chrysodema / dohrnii / SAUNDERS, 1874 ♀ / David Frank & / Lukáš Sekerka labelled VIII. 2018 [date handwritten]’.

C. fairmairei: LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♂ ‘ Philippines / Fairmaire [w, h] // Fairmairei / Kerr. / Type [w, h] // SYN- / TYPE [b, p, circle] // Kerremans. / 1903-59. [w, p]’ (BMNH). The specimen was provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ LECTOTYPE ♂ / Chrysodema / fairmairei / KERREMANS, 1895 / David Frank & / Lukáš Sekerka des. VIII. 2018 [date handwritten]’ and also white printed label: ‘ Chrysodema (Chrysodema) / dohrnii / SAUNDERS, 1874 / David Frank det. VIII. 2018 [date handwritten]’.

Additional material examined (34 ♂♂, 51 ♀♀). PHILIPPINES: I. Philipp, 1 ♀ (MNHN); Philippine, 2004, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MHNG). Mindanao Island: Mindanao, 1 ♀ (MHNG, figured in Lander (2003: Fig. 60) as C. mniszechii); Mindanao, 1 ♂ (NMPC); Nord Mindanao (1 ♂ NMPC; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ MHNG); Mindanao, Mt. Parker, 1 ♂ (WBWA); Impalutao, Impasugong, iv.1984, 1 ♀ (ATMR, coll. R. Novak; N. Mindanao, 3.vi.1994, B. Villan leg., 1 ♀ (NMPC); Buk., Lindabon, W. Schultze, 1 ♀ (NMPC); West Mindanao, 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MHNG); Surigao, 29.v. [19]15, 1 ♀ (IRSN); Mt. Apo 2000 m, ix.1999, 1 ♂ (SGBG); Mt. Apo, ii.2000, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (SGBG); S Cotabato, Mt. Apo, Kida- pawan, ix.2014 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (WBWA); San Francisco, Agusan del Sur, x.2017, 1 ♂ (DFPC); San Luis, Agusan del Sur, ii.2018, 1 ♂ (DFPC); San Luis, Agusan del Sur, iv.2018, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (DFPC); San Luis, Agusan del Sur, v.2018 (1 ♀ DFPC; 1 ♀ SGBG); San Luis, Agusan del Sur, i.2019, 1 ♀ (DFPC); Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, v.2018, 1 ♀ (DFPC); Wao, Lanao del Sur, ii.2018, 1 ♂ (DFPC); Wao, Lanao del Sur, iv.2018, 1 ♀ (DFPC); Wao, Lanao del Sur, vi.2018, 1 ♀ (DFPC); Borbon, Agusan del Sur, x.2018, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (DFPC); Borbon, Agusan del Sur, xii.2018, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (DFPC); Borbon, Agusan del Sur, 2018 1 ♀ (DFPC); Borbon, Agusan del Sur, i.2019, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (DFPC); Gutalac, Zamboanga del Norte, x.2018, 1 ♂ (DFPC); Kapatagan, Davao del Sur, x.2018, 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (DFPC); Kabanglasan, Bukidnon, 2018, 1 ♀ (DFPC); Dominorog, Bukidnon, xi.2018, 1 ♀ (DFPC); Dominorog, Bukidnon, iii.2019, 1 ♀ (2019); Mt. Kalatungan, Dominorog, Bukidnon, iv.2019, 1 ♀ (DFPC); Mt. Kalatungan, Dominorog, Bukidnon, iii.2019, 1 ♂ (DFPC); Kiamba, Sarangani, iv. 2019, 1 ♀ (DFPC). Dinagat Island: Dinagat, 3.xii.1915, 1 ♀ (IRSN); Dinagat Is., 6.v.1992, 1 ♂ (NMPC); Dinagat Is., 14.v.1992, 1 ♂ (NMPC); Dinagat Is., vii.1993 (1 ♂ NMPC; 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ MHNG); Dinagat Is., 2.xii.1993, 1 ♂ (MHNG); Dinagat Is., 2.ii.1994, 1 ♀ (MHNG); Dinagat Is., 3.ii.1994, 1 ♀ (MHNG); Dinagat Is., 10.ii.1994, 1 ♀ (MHNG); Dinagat Is., 11.ii.1994, 1 ♀ (MHNG). Leyte Island: Mahaplag, Leyte, Central Visayas, iv.2018, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (DFPC). Samar Island: W Samar, Marabol, ix.2014 1 ♀ (WBWA); Hinabangan, Samar, Eastern Visayas, xi.2017, 1 ♀ (DFPC). Panay Island: Panay Is., Philippines, 1 ♂ (MHNG). Luzon Island: Manille, 1 ♀ (MNHN); Luzon, Novaliches, nördl. v. Manila vii.[19]17, W. Jark leg., 1 ♀ (IRSN). INDONESIA: NORTH SULAWESI PROV.: Sangihe Island: Sulawesi, Sangir (Manalu), x.1992, leg. Van de Merghel (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ATMR coll. G. Novak, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ MHNG). Karakelong Island: Sulawesi Utara, Talaud Islands, Palau Karakelong, km E. Beo, 14.3.1997, leg. Stefan Naumann, 1 ♀ (MHNG).

Redescription of holotype. Well preserved ♀ specimen with all appendages intact, only left mid leg without last tarsomere. Length 27.50 mm, width 9.75 mm, length/width ratio: 2.82.

Body generally bright metallic green with golden and copper reflections; elytra towards apex gradually more intensively copper. Ventral pads on all tarsomeres dorsally yellowish-brown.Antennae dark brown, basal two antennomeres metallic green. Labrum, labium and maxillae pale brown.

Head moderately densely punctate, punctures foveolate, each bearing short seta, thus frons sparsely pubescent. Vertex more densely punctate and punctures bearing adherent setae.

Pronotum densely macropunctate, without larger impunctate areas except of medial line, shiny parts moderately sparsely micropunctate and distinctly micro-reticulate, thus not strongly shiny. Pronotal surface except of impressions and medial line appears quite rugose due to deeply impressed punctures. Macropunctation laterally gradually coarser and denser. Each macropuncture bearing moderately long white adherent seta. Medial line well visible, flat, slightly elevated, sparsely micropunctate, with several macropunctures. Medial impressions weak, barely impressed. Principal impressions small, elongate, shallow; internally with more or less visible stripe of small and very dense punctures. Lateral impressions moderately deep, with several macropunctures and numerous very distinct micropunctures. Lateral margin carinate in basal 3/4, then widening and flattened, reaching to approx. 5/6 length of pronotum.

Elytra regularly convex with distinctly elevated sharp and moderately broad costae along suture and on intervals 2, 4, 6 and 8. Interval 6 shortened, reaching to 3/4 length of elytra, widely separated from interval 4. Interval 2 straight along entire length. Costae moderately densely micropunctate (at magnification 50 ×) and each with a few additional confusedly dispersed macropunctures. Intercostal depressions deep and very densely macropunctate. Punctation completely irregular, not forming rows or groups of punctures. Each macropuncture bearing short adherent white seta, but impressions do not appear pilose. Interspaces at maximum 2 × as wide as puncture diameter but mostly as wide as puncture diameter.

Epipleura in basal 1/4 broad, densely punctate, then abruptly constricted with obtusely angled corner and then gradually narrowing apically; punctures becoming finer and vanishing towards apex. Each puncture bearing long erect white seta.

Fore and mid femora in central part strongly shiny, sparsely punctate; hind femora somewhat more densely punctate. Each puncture bearing seta, setation particularly conspicuous on lower side of hind femora.

Ventral side of body (Fig. 50) overall densely and moderately coarsely punctate, only central part sparsely punctate with large shiny impunctate areas. Entire lateral sides of all abdominal ventrites densely and almost uniformly punctate, only towards external margins punctation finer but even denser (Fig. 51).

Variation. Body ♂♂ (n=21) length: 22.50–28.25 mm, width: 7.75–9.50 mm, length/width ratio: 2.80–3,15; ♀♀ (n=28) length: 24.25–31.75(34.00) mm, width: 8.50–12.25 mm, length/width ratio: 2.70–2.97. All examined specimens metallic bright green, most of them with variously intense golden-copper metallic tint. Populations from Dinagat, Luzon, Samar, and Panay are morphologically very similar to the holotype and quite constant. They have slightly coarser punctation and are distinctly shinier (particularly noticeable on pronotum and 2 nd elytral costa). Those from Dinagat have bright green elytra; two also have golden tint; and one has bluish-green costae. Specimen from Samar is darker green and specimens from Panay and Luzon are golden-green. Specimens from Mindanao are much more variable. Dorsal colouration varies from dark petrol-green, bluish-green, green-gold to purple. Punctation of pronotum can be somewhat finer than in the holotype or distinctly coarser. Specimens from west Mindanao have slightly more elevated costae on elytra. Also many specimens from Mindanao have nearly black ventral pads. Specimens from Sangihe Isl. and Talaud Isls. are bright metallic green with golden tint; principal impressions on pronotum from linear and shallow to suboval and moderately impressed.

Aedeagus brownish black(n=6) length: 7.11–7.89 mm, width 1.28–1.56 mm, length/width ratio: 4.84–5.35(5.64). Parameres broadly rhomboidal in outline, outer margins of apical half curved, apices narrow and rounded. Apex of penis broadly triangular, only slightly projecting beyond parameres. Penis ventrally moderately impressed with densely arranged striate laminae (Fig. 82). Pygidium flat and moderately densely pubescent (Fig. 87).

Differential diagnosis. For diagnostic characters see Table 3 on page 49 and diagnosis under C. (C.) fuscitarsis .

Distribution. Philippines: Mindanao, Dinagat, Leyte, Samar, Panay and? Luzon islands (see remarks). Indonesia, North Sulawesi Province, Sangihe and Karakelong islands.

Remarks. Kerremans (1892) erroneously listed C. (C.) dohrnii twice in his catalogue, once as Chrysodema (p. 38) and then as Paracupta (p. 44). Also he wrote that the species is from Fiji, what is also erroneous as the type locality is Mindanao.

Lander (2003) synonymized C. (C.) dohrnii, C. (C.) fairmairei and C. (C.) fuscitarsis with C. (C.) mniszechii without further comments, and just mentioned that C. (C.) dohrnii is a small form of C. (C.) mniszechii . We examined types of all four taxa and in our opinion none of them are conspecific with C. (C.) mniszechii as they have narrow and sharp costae on elytra while the latter has them very broad and rounded. Therefore C. (C.) dohrnii and C. (C.) fuscitarsis are here restored as distinct species. See more comments under C. (C.) fuscitarsis .

Chrysodema (C.) fairmairei was already synonymized with C. (C.) mniszechii by Kerremans (1900a) and then with C. (C.) dohrnii by Waterhouse (1905). We concur with Waterhouse as the type of C. (C.) fairmairei (Figs 52–54) is nearly identical to that of C. (C.) dohrnii just differing in slightly deeper principal impression on pronotum and narrower medial line, which are variable characters. Therefore we re-synonymize it with C. (C.) dohrnii . Kerremans (1895) did not specify how many specimens he had at disposal when described C. (C.) fairmairei, therefore we designate a lectotype for this taxon to conserve its status. In BMNH there is a specimen from the collection of Kerremans labelled as syntype of C. (C.) fairmairei ‘ Moluques / Heyne [w, h] // Fairmairei / Kerremans / Type [w, h - Kerremans] // SYN- / TYPE [b, p - round] // Kerremans. / 1903-59. [w, p] // non syntype! / described only / from Philipp. Is. / R. Hol. XI. 1978 [w, h - Hołyński]’. This specimen cannot be considered a part of the type series because it came from Moluccas while C. (C.) fairmairei was described from Philippines: ‘Iles Philippines; ma collection (par L. Fairmaire)’ (Kerremans 1895: 196). Moreover the specimen belongs to C. (C.) mniszechii .

Lander (2003: 78, Figs 60, 62) published photographs of two specimens identified as C. (C.) mniszechii . We located one specimen from Mindanao (Fig. 60) in MHNG which certainly belongs to C. (C.) dohrnii as it has shallow and elongate principal impressions on pronotum and sharp costae on elytra. We did not locate the other specimen (Fig. 62) but in our opinion it also belongs to C. (C.) dohrnii having the same characters.

Occurrence of C. (C.) dohrnii in Luzon should be confirmed by new material as it is absent in recent material and the record is based on two old and questionably labelled specimens.