Oiovelia machadoi sp. nov.

(Figures 1–8, 10)

Material examined. Holotype, macropterous male: BRAZIL, São Paulo State, Biritiba Mirim, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Cachoeira da Pedra Furada, on foam masses, 23°42’16.4”S / 46°02’42.8”W, 725 m a.s.l., 23.VIII.2014, H. Rodrigues leg. Paratypes: 5 macropterous males, 5 macropterous females, same data as holotype. All specimens are deposited in MZUSP.

Macropterous male. Dimensions (n = 3), BL 2.93–3.10; HL 0.47–0.48; HW 0.55–0.58; ANT I 0.50, ANT II 0.37–0.38, ANT III 0.28–0.29, ANT IV 0.37–0.38; EYE 0.15–0.16; PL 1.04–1.15; PW 1.03–1.10; FORE LEG: FEM 0.67–0.68, TIB 0.69–0.71, TAR I 0.05–0.06, TAR II 0.06–0.07, TAR III 0.25–0.26; MID LEG: FEM 0.82–0.87, TIB 0.87–0.92, TAR I 0.06–0.07, TAR II 0.10–0.12, TAR III 0.30; HIND LEG: FEM 0.98–1.00, TIB 1.15–1.20, TAR I 0.07–0.08, TAR II 0.12–0.13, TAR III 0.31–0.32.

Color. Body, including antennae and greater portion of legs blackish, with whitish pruinosity throughout pronotum, forewing, and laterotergites. Eyes dark red to dark brown. Rostrum with segment III brown laterally, remaining segments dark brown to black. Coxae and trochanters yellowish brown. Forewing with faint veins slightly whitish; a yellow macula at base, starting from humerus and passing posterior margin of pronotum, rest of wing with pruinose areas well delimited between cells.

Structural characters. Head: covered by fine golden pubescence and long dark setae concentrated dorsally in front of eyes, posteriorly with pair of oblique dorsal indentations. Ocular setae present. Antenna covered by golden pubescence, with long dark setae mainly on antennomeres II–IV; antennomere I more robust, curved outward; antennomere II longer and slightly more robust than III and same length as IV; antennomere IV slightly longer than III, fusiform.

Thorax: Pronotum covered by golden pubescence, with long dark setae concentrated laterally on anterior lobe and on posterior margin; pruinosity on pronotum as follows: a narrow median stripe, lateral margins of anterior lobe, and two small areas on disc. Forewing reaching posterior margin of abdominal tergite VII; pruinosity on forewing as follows: three small areas of irregular shape below basal yellow macula; a narrow and elongated area along inner margin of wing; and three distal areas including an anteriorly crescentic medial area and smaller, irregular lateral areas (Fig. 1). Posterior region of propleuron and anterior region of mesopleuron with a row of rounded punctations. Intersegmental region between meso- and metasternum with two pairs of small tubercles medially. Legs without spines or teeth, covered by golden pubescence and scattered long dark setae, mainly on tibiae. Profemur robust, slightly dilated; protibia with grasping comb (0.37 mm) occupying approximately its half.

Abdomen: Covered by golden pubescence and long dark setae, the latter concentrated on connexiva and lateral margin of sternites. Pruinose areas laterally on sternites III–V (viewed with posterior illumination). Connexiva not elevated, posterior angle of last connexival segment rounded, not developed. Abdominal sternites unmodified. Abdominal segment VIII with long dark setae dorsally on posterior region (Fig. 4); anterior margin excavated ventrally; posterior dorsal margin slightly concave medially (Fig. 5). Proctiger with pair (1+1) of small lateral spines centrally on dorsal surface (Figs 6–7). Paramere narrow in middle, slightly widened in posterior half, with rounded apex (Figs 6, 8).

Macropterous female. Dimensions (n = 3), BL 3.20–3.50; HL 0.52–0.60; HW 0.60–0.62; ANT I 0.53–0.54, ANT II 0.42–0.44, ANT III 0.33–0.35, ANT IV 0.38–0.42; EYE 0.15–0.17; PL 1.15–1.20; PW 1.10–1.15; FORE LEG: FEM 0.82–0.90, TIB 0.80–0.85, TAR I 0.05–0.06, TAR II 0.06–0.07, TAR III 0.29–0.30; MID LEG: FEM 1.00, TIB 1.03–1.07, TAR I 0.06–0.07, TAR II 0.11–0.12, TAR III 0.33–0.36; HIND LEG: FEM 1.15–1.17, TIB 1.30, TAR I 0.07–0.08, TAR II 0.15–0.17, TAR III 0.34–0.35.

Similar to macropterous male in general structure and color (Fig. 2), with the following exceptions: antennomere II slightly longer than IV; profemur not dilated; protibia without grasping comb; connexiva elevated, mainly on segments V–VII; pruinose areas on abdominal sternites III–V more distinct; long dark setae on connexival segment VII more evident and numerous; first gonocoxa plate-like; and proctiger globose, directed upward (Figs 3, 10).

Apterous form. Unknown.

Variation in the paratypes. Some paratypes (2 males, 1 female) have the forewing slightly more developed, covering the genital segments (similar to Fig. 13). However, these two forms, with slight difference in the length of the forewing, have developed hindwings.

Distribution and habitat. São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. Oiovelia machadoi sp. nov. was collected on foam masses formed at the banks of a dark water waterfall, just off the main falls. This waterfall is located in the Atlantic Forest of the Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, at an elevation of 725 meters above sea level. Most of the specimens in the foam were nymphs; whereas the adults were found in a less exposed location and the males displayed piggyback habits.

Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Angelo B. M. Machado (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte) on the occasion of his 80th birthday and for his substantial contributions to Brazilian zoology and biodiversity conservation.

Remarks. Oiovelia machadoi sp. nov. is similar to the previously described species O. brasiliensis Moreira et al., 2010 and O. viannai Rodrigues & Melo, 2014 . The new species resembles O. brasiliensis by also having a pair of dorsal spines on the male proctiger. However, O. machadoi sp. nov. differs from it by the dark color of the body, well-defined pruinosity on the forewing (Figs 1–2), and shape of male paramere, which is not expanded on the ventral surface (Figs 6, 8); whereas in O. brasiliensis the pronotum is reddish orange and legs yellowish to light brown (Figs 12–14), pruinosity on the forewing is not well defined (Figs 13–14), and paramere has a slight ventral expansion (Fig. 9).

Oiovelia viannai and the new species are similar because of the blackish general color of the body, and coxae, trochanters, and the basal macula of the forewing yellowish. Oiovelia machadoi sp. nov. differs from it by having well-defined pruinosity between the forewing cells (Figs 1–2), and a pair of spines on the male proctiger (Figs 6–7); whereas in O. viannai the pruinosity of the forewing is not defined (Fig. 17) and spines are absent from the male proctiger.

As in O. machadoi sp. nov., the recently described species from northern South America, O. chenae Rodrigues & Melo, 2014, O. hamadae Rodrigues & Melo, 2014, and O. pydanieli Rodrigues & Melo, 2014, also have welldefined pruinosity between the cells of the forewings. However, these three species exhibit a distinct V-shaped pruinose area on the posterior lobe of pronotum, which is absent in the new species.

Interestingly, all collected adults of the new species are parasitized by fungi of the genus Laboulbenia Mont. & C.P. Robin (Fungi, Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales), which is concentrated mainly in the joints of the antennal segments (Fig. 3) and scattered between the tibia and femur. Nymphs examined were not parasitized.